Han People

The Han nationality, also known as the Huaxia nation, is the main ethnic group of China, and the descendants of the Yellow emperor tribe and the Yan emperor tribe in ancient times. The Han nationality has a long history and the largest population in the world. In politics, military affairs, philosophy, literature, history, art, natural sciences and many other fields, the Han nationality has made many brilliant achievements.
History of Han People
According to the records of pre-Qin documents and the scope of Xia, Shang and Zhou capitals, the ancient ancestors of the Han nationality were mainly active in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River from Longshan in the west to Taishan mountain in the east. Yangshao culture and Longshan culture, two types of neolithic culture, are mainly distributed in this area. These two civilizations are representatives of the Chinese civilization circle. The ancestors of the Han nationality, Yellow emperor and Yan emperor, fought for the chief of the tribal alliance in the central plains, so Battle of Banquan(阪泉之战) broke out. Yan emperor tribe was defeated and merged into Yellow emperor tribe, Yanhuang alliance took shape. Later, they defeated Chiyou in the battle of Zhuolu(涿鹿之战), and extended the alliance to the territory of Shandong today. Then, the Yan emperor tribe and the Yellow emperor tribe were taken as the main body, and formed a larger Huaxia tribe alliance with some Dongyi tribes in Shandong. The source of Huaxia nation was basically fixed.

The Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties were founded one after another by the Huaxia nation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River from 2100 BC to 770 BC. In 221 BC, the Qin dynasty unified China, and the Chinese nation went from separation to unification. The Han people in the pre-Qin period called themselves Huaxia, and "Han" appeared gradually from the Han dynasty. Therefore, the Chinese have another name: Han. However, the original appellation "Huaxia" did not disappear, but is still used today.
Ancient Literature
In ancient Chinese literature development, the development of poetry occupies a significant position, such as the Book of Songs, the Songs of Chu, Yuefu poem, Tang poetry, Song poem and the like. Qu Yuan, Li Po, Du Fu, Liu Yong, Su Shi, Lu You and Xin Qiji and other person's name and works are recognized as a famous both in the history of Chinese literature and world literature. The creation of novels developed greatly during the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Romance of The Three Kingdoms, Journey to the West, Water Margin and The Scholars, as well as Fairy Ghost Vixen are well-known. In other aspects, such as prose, painting, calligraphy, arts and crafts, music, dance, drama, and folk art, there are many famous artists who have won amazing artistic achievements.
Historiography
Paying attention to historiography is a prominent characteristic of Han cultural history. Since Sima Qian wrote the Historical Records, there have been biographical history books in various dynasties, and Twenty-Four Histories had been formed by the Qing dynasty. Annalistic style is represented by Spring and Autumn Annals, The Commentary of Zuo and History As A Mirror. A variety of other historical records and records of ancient history, miscellaneous history, local history, historical theory and other official and private writing, make China a country with the world's most abundant ancient historical documents. Most of these are written by Han scholars.
Education
Since the Han dynasty began to respect only Confucianism, China had begun more than 2,000 years of Confucian education. In the Sui dynasty, emperor Yang established the imperial examination system, and in the Song dynasty, many academies were built. The imperial examination system was abolished in the late Qing dynasty.
Military Theory
In terms of ancient military theory, as early as the end of the Spring and Autumn period, there was a military masterpiece "The Art of War" come out. In the early western Han dynasty, 182 military strategy and tactics were sorted out. Seven Military Classics(武经七书), which had been required reading since the Song dynasty, concentrates the essence of ancient military writings.
Language and Character
Chinese belongs to the Sino-Tibetan family of languages and is their language. The language is divided into seven dialects namely Mandarin, Wu Dialect, Xiang Dialect, Gan Dialect, Min Dialect, Cantonese and Hakka. In different regions, the standard of Chinese varies. The Mandarin is the standard designated language on the Chinese mainland and Taiwan; while Cantonese is the prime dialect of Hong Kong. Chinese is written in two forms by the Han people- the traditional and simplified Chinese characters. The latter is derived from the former and is now widely and frequently used.
Music and Dance
Han is a ethnic group with musical tradition, and music of the Han nationality has a long history and unique creation. Before the Qin dynasty, the ancestors of the Han nationality had created Musical Instruments and musical composition, and invented music temperament. In the prosperous times of Han and Tang dynasties, music of Han nationality was good at singing and dancing music. After Song and Yuan dynasties, drama music was given priority to. Nowadays, the universally recognized music temperament system, such as Pythagorean Intonation, pure temperament and average temperament, is independently invented by the Han nationality.
Tea Culture
Tea drinking by the Han people is said to have begun in the era of Shennong, or at least 4,700 years ago. Until now, the Chinese Han compatriots still have the custom of tea ceremony. China is the hometown of tea, tea making and tea drinking have a history of thousands of years. Chinese tea art enjoys a high reputation in the world. As early as in the Tang dynasty, Chinese tea art was introduced into Japan, formed the Japanese tea ceremony.
Tea in Yunnan
There are many tea mountains and plantations mainly in Pu'er, Xishuangbanna, Lincang and Dali in Yunnan. Chinese tea acts as beverage, pastime, culture icon, and undoubtedly a way of enjoyment for thousands of years. Yunnan is the hometown of Pu'er Tea and Dianhong Black Tea. They were spread to the other parts of the world through trading routes of Silk Road and Ancient Tea & Horse Road. Today more and more people love the tea in Yunnan and start a Yunnan tea culture tour.
Yunnan Tea Culture Tours

4 Days Puer Tea Culture Tour with Jingmai Tea Mountains and Traditional Ethnic Villages
6 Days Puer and Xishuangbanna Tea Culture Tour
6 Days Puer and XishuangBanna Coffee, Tea and Minority Culture Tour
6 Days XishuangBanna and Puer Ethnic Culture Tour with Tea Culture and Ethnic Villages Discovery
7 Days XishuangBanna and Puer Tea Culture Tour
7 Days Kunming, Dali and Lijiang Tour with Dianhong Black Tea Culture Tour
7 Days Lincang Fengqing Dianhong Black Tea and Pu’er Organic Tea Tour
10 Days Best Yunnan Classic Tour with Dianhong Black Tea Culture Tour
11 Days Yunnan Ancient Tea-Horse Road Tour with Puer and XishuangBanna Tea Culture Exploration

Read More

How to Plan Tea Culture Tour in Yunnan
History of Chinese Tea Culture

Religion
Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism are the main religions for Han people. Many people also believe in Islam, Catholicism and Christianism due to the influence of western culture.

Religion has a great influence on many ethnic groups, and among the Han people, there is no the thought that the whole nation must believe in religion. The Han nationality has adopted an inclusive attitude towards various religions since ancient times. From the Han dynasty to modern times, a number of foreign religions, such as Buddhism, Mazdaism, Manichaeism, Catholicism and Christianism, were believed by some Han people. No matter what kind of foreign religion, its doctrine is not contradictory to the inherent destiny view and ancestor worship of the Han nationality, or some of doctrines are adapted to the inherent religious idea of the Han nationality, so that it can be spread. Although Taoism is a religion formed in the history of the Han nationality, not every member of the whole nation believes in it. Throughout Chinese history, especially in the history of the Han nationality, there was never a state religion, except for a few emperors who believed in a particular religion and thus enjoyed certain political privileges. Chinese traditionally give priority to ancestor faith, and have religious traditions and characteristics of the unity of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, in the meantime, there are a variety of other religions. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, official pursues atheism.
Diet Culture
The staple food is rice and wheat. Rice is versatile and can be served in a variety of ways including porridge, rice cake, glutinous rice dumpling and rice noodles. Wheat is used in the production of steamed bread, noodles, steamed stuffed buns and wonton. Han people living in different regions of China have formed unique styles of cooking. The eight cuisines are the representative. Tea and alcohol are the traditional drinks. They like to entertain their honored guests with tea and alcoholic drinks. Being fastidious and good at cooking is a major dietary characteristic of the Han nationality. Different regions of the Han people have frying, roasting, cooking, steaming, baking and other cooking methods, after a long period of practice, formed different local flavors. The eight major cuisines of the Han nationality, including Guangdong cusine, Fujian cuisine, Anhui cuisine, Shangdong cuisine, Sichuan cuisine, Hunan cuisine, Zhejiang cuisine and Jiangsu cuisine, are well known both at home and abroad.
Architecture
Traditional Housing
Due to the wide distribution area of Han nationality, their traditional housing has different styles according to different regions. House styles and materials of the Han people vary in different regions of China. Those built in North China are mostly made of bricks in the courtyard style. The quadrangle dwellings(Sihe Yuan) in Beijing is a representative. For houses in Northeast China, the style is almost the same as that in North China except for the walls. As Northeastern China is extremely cold, walls are built thicker and more solid than those of other places to retain warmth. However, in southern China, the Han people build their houses mainly of timber. The unique style of their buildings can be admired in the earthen buildings (Tulou) in Fujian and pavilions in Suzhou. All the houses of Han are suggested to be positioned in the north facing south to catch the maximum sunlight.
Cultural Heritages of Han People in Yunnan

Purple Pottery Firing Skill Protection
Xuanwei Ham-making Craft
Yao'an Baizi Qiang
Gaotai Acrobatic Stage
Huadeng (Flower Lantern) Opera

Inheritors

Yu Huixiang
Wang Lizhu
Wan Guanghong
Yuan Kunlin
Guan Shengkuo
Lai Qingguo
Cheng Lin
Lijun
Li Liuhong
Chen Shenhua
Zan Fangcai
Wang Qingchang
Zhu Wenhua
Guo Lihui
Cao Xianghe
Zhao Zuxu
Li Guixing
Shen Ruchang
Wang Ziguang
Luo Mingxiang
Zhang Yuanwen
Ding Guocong
Zhang Hai
Zhang Xinfeng
Tan Zhiping
Gao Zhiyong
Li Guangzhou
Hua Pin
Gongsun Xin
Huang Chun
Gongsun Hui
Yang Benlei
Tian Yongguang
Zhang Jiaxun
Pu Neng
Hua Ronggui
Bai Guangzhong
Wu Shuqin
Wang Xingpeng
Yang Zidao
Liang Chunxi
Sheng Wenhui
Yin Yihui
Hong Yuchang
Li Xuezhang
Wang Jianming
Wang Qingyun
Shi Zhenglan
Che Xuelin
Xie Fuguo
Zhang Fuxing
You Dingmei
Duan Fake
Deng Shixian
Cao Wenxing
Liu Weigang
Chen Ping
Gao Lihua
Li Renhan
Liu Guobin
Guo Qingyun
E Jiashou
Du Zhifang
Deng Shiyun
Ma Jiashou
Luo Aijun
Zhao Wenling
Zhuang Rong
Bi Xianghua
Shen Xiuqin
Shangguan Shaorong
Li Deyong
Zhang Fushou
Zhao Runzhi
Wang Likui
Yang Yinqiang
Cun Kangming
Zheng Jiachao
Li Binghua
Xia Juhui
Liu Yong
Li Wenyin
Wang Xinkang
Dai Baolian
Cheng Shizhen
Yang Jiali
Yang Zhanben
Yang Zhengfan
Jin Haiqing
Su Wenying
Lei Benqiang
Wang Liangcheng
Xiao Guoqing
Miu Wanzhen
Li Huzhen
Luo Chengqiu
Li Qiongmei
Nie Jianrong
Jiang Chongying
Li Shaoying
Wang Guiying
Xiao Guoxiang
Chang Benyin
Yang Zhengfang
Luo Dehong
Mao Kunliang
Cheng Guihua
Liu Dingsan
Zhang Lanyun
Yu Quanxi
Wu Meng
Yang Pinrong
Gao Jinfu
Peng Shouzhong
Jiang Kailiang
Yue Shuhua
Feng Yulin
Zhang Qiyi
Li Zhengquan
Zhang Zhengming
Li Guihua
Li Guisheng
Li Guihua
Zhou Rongzhen
Xu Zhenghai
Luo Yunlin
Liu Yongzhou
Tan Jicheng
Gao Huairu
Guo Shumo
Wan Shuqing
Zhang Yuexian
Zhang Yue’e
Duan Jichang
Zhang Qingshan
Yan Yulan
Zheng Qikuan
Dai Zongyi
Wang Zai’en
Yang Shuming

Festivals and Activities of Han People
There are many festivals of the Han nationality, such as Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Tomb-sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Qixi Festival, Ghost Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Double Ninth Festival. Among all these festivals, the Spring Festival is the grandest. The Spring Festival, also known as the Chinese New Year, has been a traditional festival of the Han people for thousands of years. In addition, there are some featured festivals and activities in Yunnan as well.

Nakeli Tea Horse Road Culture Tourism Festival
King of Tuoluo Competition
Buffalo Body Painting Contest
Diubao Festival or Valentine’s Day
Baccaurea Ramiflora Festival
Lemon Festival in Lancang
Longhua Temple Fair in Yaoan
Lotus Festival in Puzhehei
Chili Pepper Festival
Zijin Town Peasant Culture Festival
Ghost Festival in Weishan County
Wuliangshan Mountain Cherry Blossom Festival
Tailaoye Festival in Xiangyun
The Beginning of Summer Festival
The Pig Slaughter Festival
Western Hills Pilgrimage in Kunming
Wild Mushroom Gourmet Festival
Rice Noodle Festival in Hongta District
Guanyin Festival in Luxi County
Activities for Summer Solstice
Yingjiang International Bird Watching Festival