Why is Yunnan Ethnic Villages so special?

This theme park displays the colorful folklore and architecture of 25 ethnic groups residing in Yunnan Province. The theme park offers shows and performances, folklore and wax museums, as well as replica buildings found in the villages of each ethnic group.Villages of over 25 minorities including the Yi, Dai, Miao, Jingpo, Wa, Hani, Naxi, Dulong and others have been built here. Through various displays and re-creations of the original villages, the Yunnan Ethnic Village displays the diverse local ethnic culture. Villages of different styles are well arranged and show visitors their unique charm. Displaying a variety of buildings, lifestyles, and religious beliefs in the region, the village is a microcosm of Yunnan’s colorful and diverse ethnic culture.

At the main gate hangs a plaque inscribed with five Chinese characters, Yun Nan Min Zu Cun, saying Yunnan Nationalities Village. A logo of a flying golden phoenix is right below the plaque, symbolizing good wishes to the village. On the lawn near the gate is a group of white elephant statues, as it is a custom here to welcome distinguished guests with elephants.

List of the main 25 Ethnic Minorities in Yunnan

List of the 25 Ethnic Villages in Yunnan Ethnic Villages

Introduction

the Basic Information of Yunnan Ethnic Villages

Located by the Dianchi Lake and at the foot of the Western Hill, the Village is a major part of Kunming Dianchi National Tourist and Holiday Zone. Opened to the public on February 18, 1992, the community is 8 km away from the city of Kunming proper and covers an area of 1,340 mus. The whole community contains 26 villages, and so far the Dai Village, the Bai Village, the Yi Village, the Naxi Village, the Wa Village, the Jinuo Village, the Lahu Village, the Bulang Village and 4 other villages have been completed.

The village is not only celebrating ethnic minorities, but it is also designed to give the world a snapshot view of both the natural scenery and cultural importance of Yunnan including: precipitous hills and beautiful lakes, parks, woods, old and modern treasures. Now the community has become a must-see for domestic and overseas visitors to Yunnan.

the Main Villages in Yunnan Ethnic Villages

• Dai Village

After entering, the first site coming into view is the Dai Village. Occupying 4.4 acres (1.8 hectares), the village is surrounded with water on three sides. Bamboo houses built on stilts are shaded with trees and flowers. A meandering path paved with red sandstones leads to a sacred Burmese-style temple. The lofty white tower, exquisite pavilions and bridges are very impressive. As a nationality loving singing and dancing, Dai People are proud of their peacock dance and music played on cucurbit flutes, which perfectly match each other.

• Bai Village

The typical Bai Village is composed of some traditional Bai residential houses with rooms on three sides and a wall (with the door) on the southern side. Tourists should never miss the occasions of Bawang dances and March Street (a festival normally celebrated from March 10th to 21st of lunar calendar in Dali)

• Yi Village

In the west of Harmony Square is the Yi Nationality village. It covers more than 8.4 acres (3.4 hectares). Since Yi People show respect to tigers, you can see a tiger rockery as well as a wall engraved with three tigers. A giant totem column is erected in the center of the magnificent Solar Calendar Square. Carved on the column are patterns of the sun, fire, tigers and the Eight Trigrams of ancient China. Around the column, there are ten black and white stone spheres facing different directions, symbolizing that life originates from the sun and the moon. The twelve lifelike carvings of Chinese zodiac animals on the peripheral add a lot of fun to the village. The distilleries, bullrings, and Mo Qiu, which is similar to a seesaw, represent authentic Yi culture.

• Naxi Village

Naxi Village is located to the east of Bai Village. Tourists can appreciate Naxi folk culture (called Dongba Culture), especially the local Dongjing music, the so-called sound of nature.

• Mosuo Village

Next to Naxi Village is Mosuo Village, which still maintains the matriarchy clans and the customs. What are special in Mosuo Village are the exquisite wood houses, delicious food, beautiful girls and last but not the least, the mysterious custom of walking marriage. Mosuo people’s marriage culture is quite uncommon. They prefer a visiting relationship between lovers—an arrangement they sometimes refer to in their language as sisi (zou hun in Chinese, meaning walking back and forth; or azhu zou hun, meaning friend marriage. Azhu means friend in Mosuo language). A Mosuo woman is free to receive male visitors after the coming-of-age ceremony at 12. A lover may stay overnight in her room but will return to his own mother’s home. Children born from such a relationship live with their mother. In Mosuo society, lovers can end their relationship at any time. For example, a woman may refuse her lover by simply no longer opening the door. Their marriage relationship is not a formal one.

• Achang Village

With a courtyard building as the main body, and the village gate, workshop is corresponding, such as a grey tile brick wall and stone column is characteristic. Achang people are hospitable and respect the old and cherish the young. There are guest to nap, the host entertain the guest with good tea and serve better wine; When propose a toast or pour tea, avoid to accept without comity. There is custom that the host will try to persuade guest to drink and eat, whether people who can drink liquor or tea, it is taboo that guest does not accept; When guest is persuaded by the host during dinner-time, no matter you are full or hungry, you’d better receive what the host give with bowl holding in both hands. Receiving with both hands or get up to salute is regarded as a great respect.

• Zhuang Village

Zhuang compatriots of Yunnan province mainly gathered in Wenshan prefecture, they live in Ganlan or Malan local-style dwelling houses, good at planting and diligent about farming, and they have customs of sun-worship, “Three Eternity Emperor” worship, ancestor-worship, and the custom of the master of elder is the leader. They regard highly of bronze drum, love silver ware, can sing and dance. They are hospitable and love to eat five-color glutinous rice, rice wine, and roasted tea. They have a national consciousness of self-esteem and self-confidence, their excellent traditional cultures are still intact that remain the ancient ethnic traditional culture essence of Baiyue minority.

• Tibetan Village

Covers an area of 21 mu, the village has top residences and carving type flat local-style dwelling houses building. Sacred Tibetan Buddhist temple, magnificent welcome white pagoda, the “white yak” sculpture is symbol of auspicious peace and unique style of Tibetan architecture mutual set off, bring out the best in each other. During the festival, singing folk songs, dancing Guozhuang dance and Xianzi dance, riders are even competing for archery.

What to do in Yunnan Ethnic Village

1. Watching  Ethnic Singing and Dancing Performances

The ethnic singing and dancing performances and the folk performances are from 9:00 to 17:00, mainly in the Dancing Hall and Tuanjie Square. The Asian Elephants performances are specially recommended.

Shows Timetable

Colorful Clouds	Jingpo Village	09:30-10:00, 11:30-12:00, 16:10-16:40
	Daogan Square	10:10-10:40, 11:20-11:50, 17:00-17:30
	Wa Village	10:50-11:20, 12:00-12:30, 16:20-16:50
	Yi Village	10:40-11:10, 14:00-14:30, 16:10-16:40
	Jino Village & Lahu Village	11:40-12:10, 14:10-14:40
	Mosuo Village	13:20-13:50, 16:30-17:00
	Bai Village	10:30-11:00, 12:40-13:10, 17:00-17:30
The Call of the Plateau	Dianchi Stage	13:20-14:10 CNY 150 for a normal ticket and CNY 260 for a VIP ticket
Elephant Show	Elephant Show Square	Ride elephant and take pictures: 10:30-11:00, 14:30-15:00, 15:30-16:00 Elephant show: 11:00-11:30, 15:00-15:30, 16:00-16:30

Note: The time schedule is subject to changes due to weather conditions and other factors.

2. Celebrating Festivals of Minority Ethnic Groups

1. Torch Festival of Yi- falls from June 24 to June 26 in Chinese lunar calendar (usually late June in western calendar).
2. Water Splashing Festival of Dai- falls in mid-April and lasts for 3-7 days
3. Hunting Festival (Lieshen Festival) of Yi- falls in February 1 to February 3 in Chinese lunar calendar (usually early March in western calenda)
4. Sanyuejie Festival of Bai- falls in March 15 in Chinese lunar calendar (usually in mid-April in western calendar)
5. Mizhi Festival of Yi- usually falls in November and women are not allowed to attend.
6. March 3 in Chinese lunar calendar- falls in late March or early April in western calendar; it is a day for spring outing of Kunming people.

3. Familiar Ethnic Culture

Yunnan Ethnic Village has managed to represent and exhibit the history, the cultures, the customs and the natural village houses of the 26 nationalities in this province. With the inclusion of precipitous hills, beautiful lakes and an integration of the customs, cultures, music, songs, dances, religious and architecture of the 26 nationalities, the village community has helped to show the world the true nature of Yunnan, a mysterious yet modern garden of ethnic cultures.

Tibetan ethnic group in Yunnan has a population of 140,000, primarily residing in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (迪庆藏族自治州), with smaller communities scattered in Yulong (玉龙), Gongshan (贡山), Yongsheng (永胜), Ninglang (宁蒗), and other counties. Tibetan culture is rich and diverse, featuring its own language and writing system. The Tibetan people mainly practice Tibetan Buddhism, and the color white is considered a symbol of purity. A signature Tibetan gesture of respect is offering a “Hada” (哈达), a white ceremonial scarf. Major Tibetan festivals include the Tibetan New Year (藏历年), Danba Rigu (丹巴日古), Ongqu Festival (昂曲节), and Gendong Festival (格冬节). Tibetans are known for their distinct butter tea, a staple of their unique tea culture. Tibetan folk songs and dances like “Reba” (热巴), “Guozhuang” (锅庄), and “Xianzi” (弦子) are full of life, energy, and the vitality of the highland region.

Tibetan Architecture in Yunnan

Tibetan architecture is a shining jewel in the treasure trove of Tibetan culture, a reflection of the harmony between human habitation and the natural environment. It carries both ecological and aesthetic value. In Yunnan, Tibetan homes can be divided into two main types due to the different geographical landscapes: high mountain and river valley dwellings.

The high mountain dwellings, typically found in the grassland areas, feature wooden structures with three walls made of earth, creating warm, stable two-story houses that remain cool in the summer and warm in the winter. The river valley dwellings, found along riverbanks, are often built with stone or earth, and are typically three stories high. The first floor is used as a stable or storage space, the second floor for living, and the third as a drying area. The design is sturdy and simple, showcasing a rustic beauty. These buildings are a perfect reflection of the Tibetan way of life, shaped by the environment they inhabit.

Tibetan Clothing and Culture

Tibetan clothing, a vital part of their cultural heritage, is vibrant and diverse, with different regions displaying distinct styles. Traditional Tibetan attire features long sleeves, wide belts, and tall boots. The long-sleeved, wide-waisted robes are a common feature, but the specific designs vary by region. Men typically wear long robes with a right-sided opening, secured with a wide leather belt. They often carry amulets, beautifully crafted silver-sheathed knives, and other accessories. Women’s clothing varies by season—long-sleeved robes in winter and sleeveless robes in summer, with brightly colored shirts underneath. Tibetan women also wear beautifully patterned aprons, which are tied at the waist.

The Significance of the Hada

Tibetans hold the “Hada” (哈达) in high regard, considering it a precious gift. The Hada is a white woven scarf, usually about 20–30 centimeters wide and one to two meters long, made of silk or gauze. It is a symbol of respect and goodwill, offered during important ceremonies, when visiting elders, or when receiving guests.

Butter Tea: A Cultural Staple

When people think of the Tibetan ethnic group, one of the first things that comes to mind is butter tea! In the cold Tibetan region, butter helps people stay warm, while tea aids in digestion. The combination of these two essential elements over time gave rise to the unique “butter tea culture” that is now ingrained in Tibetan social and ceremonial life. Butter tea is served during tea gatherings, weddings, and festivals, and it holds a special place in Tibetan hearts.

Every morning, the sound of butter tea being churned fills Tibetan villages, signaling the start of a new day. After finishing their prayers, Tibetans often sit down to a hot bowl of butter tea paired with “tsampa” (糌粑), a simple and delicious breakfast. The Zhongdian County Chronicle notes, “Upon seeing butter tea, Tibetans feel joy in their hearts; once they taste it, all their worries, fatigue, and fears melt away as if they had sipped the nectar of Buddha.” This quote illustrates the deep affection Tibetans have for butter tea. Would you like to try some?

Quote from Zhongdian County Chronicle: “藏胞看到酥油茶，其胸中已有悦乐，若一入口，则其辛苦忧郁恐惧疑惑完全冰解，如饮我佛甘露焉。”

Tibetan Song and Dance

Tibetan dance forms in Yunnan are represented by three major systems: Guozhuang (锅庄), Xianzi (弦子), and Tap Dance (踢踏). Their unique bell and drum dances are also famous. Tibetan folk dances involve rhythmic, coordinated movements that bring out the energy and beauty of the highland life. Traditional Tibetan songs are bold, bright, and melodious, and they frequently echo the themes of nature and daily life. When combined with dance, these performances are uplifting, fast-paced, and brimming with vitality. Tibetan song and dance is a dynamic and representative form of expression, filled with joy and warmth.

Tibetan Village in Yunnan Ethnic Villages

The Tibetan Village in Yunnan Ethnic Villages, located in Kunming’s Xishan District on Dianchi Road, spans 21 acres. The village showcases traditional Tibetan architecture, with sloped-roof houses from the Zhongdian area and flat-roofed tower houses from Deqin (德钦). The architecture beautifully demonstrates the distinct styles of Tibetan buildings, including the sacred Tibetan Buddhist temple and a grand welcoming white tower, which symbolizes harmony and peace. There is also a striking sculpture of a “White Yak” (白牦牛), a symbol of auspiciousness.

At this Tibetan village, visitors can immerse themselves in Tibetan culture and lifestyle. They will learn about the Tibetan language and script, the strong influence of Tibetan Buddhism, and how the color white symbolizes purity. Visitors can also experience the traditional Tibetan custom of offering Hada, and witness various festivals like the Tibetan New Year, Danba Rigu, and Ongqu Festival. Guests can also enjoy a taste of traditional butter tea and experience the lively and powerful Tibetan dances such as Reba, Guozhuang, and Xianzi, which vividly capture the vitality of Tibetan life.

Overall, the Tibetan Village in Yunnan Ethnic Villages is a culturally rich destination that allows visitors to appreciate not only the stunning landscapes but also the depth of Tibetan history and traditions. For those interested in cultural exploration or a deeper understanding of different ethnic groups, this is a must-visit location.

Location:

The Naxi Ethnic Minority Village (纳西族村) is one of the unique villages featured in the Yunnan Ethnic Villages (云南民族村) located in Kunming, Yunnan Province. This village showcases the rich culture, architecture, and traditions of the Naxi people (纳西族), one of the distinct ethnic groups native to Yunnan.

Overview of the Naxi Ethnic Minority

The Naxi ethnic group (纳西族) has a population of 310,000, primarily concentrated in the Yulong Naxi Autonomous County (玉龙纳西族自治县) in Lijiang City (丽江市). Small populations also inhabit surrounding counties. The Naxi people are well-known for their unique culture and traditions, including the Dongba script (东巴文), which is regarded as a “living fossil” of pictographic writing. This ancient writing system is still in use today in certain Naxi communities.

One of the most important texts written in Dongba script is the “Dongba Scripture” (东巴经), which serves as an encyclopedic record of the Naxi people’s history, culture, and beliefs.

Naxi Ancient Music

Naxi ancient music (纳西古乐) is another highlight of the Naxi culture. It blends ancient melodies from Central China’s Taoist music (洞经音乐) with Naxi rhythms and has become a precious gem in ethnic music.

Festivals and Celebrations

The Naxi people celebrate numerous traditional festivals, with the most significant being the Sanduo Festival (三朵节). “Sanduo” (三朵) is the guardian deity worshipped by the entire Naxi ethnic group, also known as “Apu Sanduo” (阿普三朵), meaning “Ancestor (or Grandfather) Sanduo.” According to legend, Sanduo was a warrior deity born under the sign of the sheep. On the eighth day of the second lunar month and during the sheep day of the eighth lunar month, people from surrounding areas gather at the Sanduo Pavilion (三朵阁) to burn incense and worship the god.

In the past, all Naxi people embarking on long journeys would visit the Sanduo Pavilion to pray for the deity’s protection. Since 1987, the Sanduo Festival, held on the eighth day of the second lunar month, has been recognized as the official ethnic festival of the Naxi people.

In addition to the Sanduo Festival, the Naxi people celebrate other traditional festivals such as:

• Torch Festival (火把节)
• July Mule and Horse Fair (七月骡马会)
• Bao Burning Festival (烧包节)

Other local Naxi communities also hold various cultural events, such as the Baishuitai Gathering (白水台会) in Sanba Township (三坝乡) in Shangri-La (香格里拉), and the Mosuo people’s (摩梭人) Goddess Mountain Festival (祭干木女神山) in Yongning (永宁).

Architectural Highlights in the Naxi Village

The Naxi Ethnic Minority Village in Yunnan Ethnic Villages covers an area of 49.5 mu (about 8.2 acres). At the village entrance, visitors are greeted by a statue of the Naxi protector deity, Sanduo (三朵), along with a large relief wall depicting scenes from the Creation of the World (创世纪).

The village’s architectural features reflect the traditional Naxi building style. Key structures include:

• Three Rooms and One Wall Screen Pavilion (三坊一照壁雅阁), a symbol of Naxi courtyard-style homes with colorful paintings and intricate wooden carvings.
• Residential Courtyard (民居院), showcasing traditional Naxi living spaces.
• Flower Horse Pavilion (花马坊), highlighting the Naxi culture’s connection with horse trading.
• Craft Building (工艺楼), a representation of Naxi craftsmanship.
• Corridor Houses (廊房), illustrating traditional Naxi residential architecture.

At the center of the village is the Sifang Street (四方街), a square enclosed by these key buildings, vividly demonstrating the architectural elegance and unique structural style of the Naxi ethnic group.

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Overview of the Achang Ethnic Minority

The Achang ethnic minority (阿昌族) is a unique group in Yunnan Province (云南省), primarily distributed in Dehong Prefecture (德宏州) across counties such as Longchuan (陇川), Lianghe (梁河), and Luxi (潞西). With a population of approximately 39,000, many Achang people adhere to primitive religions that worship ancestors and spirits, while some areas also practice Southern Theravada Buddhism. The Achang are descendants of the Di and Qiang ethnic groups, having entered the Nu River (怒江) basin in northwest Yunnan as early as the 2nd century AD. By the 13th century, some settled in Husa Bazi (户撒坝子) in Longchuan County, while others later moved to Lianghe.

Achang craftsmen are renowned for producing “Husa knives” (户撒刀), which include long knives, short knives, and concealed knives, characterized by their exquisite beauty and high quality. These products are sold not only within Yunnan but also in neighboring regions such as Sichuan and Tibet, as well as countries like Myanmar (缅甸), India (印度), and Pakistan (巴基斯坦).

Architectural Features of the Achang Village

The Achang village (阿昌寨) within the Village of Achang Ethnic Minority in Yunnan Ethnic Villages features a courtyard-style main building that harmoniously connects with structures like the village gate and workshops. The buildings are adorned with blue tiles, brick walls, and stone foundations, showcasing distinctive architectural characteristics. The main structure, facing west, is a single-story building known for its unique design that emphasizes verticality.

Cultural Practices and Hospitality

The Achang people are known for their warmth and hospitality, placing great importance on respecting the elderly and caring for the young. When guests visit, hosts are expected to offer fine wine and tea. Dining etiquette is significant; guests may politely decline a prime seat if they are younger in age. When offering toasts or serving tea, it is considered impolite to accept without showing deference.

There are customs surrounding meal invitations; guests are expected to accept regardless of whether they drink alcohol or tea. During meal invitations, it is customary to receive food with both hands, showing respect, regardless of one’s hunger level.

Major Religious and Cultural Festivals

The Achang people celebrate several significant religious festivals, including:

• Jinwa (进洼)
• Chuwa (出洼)
• Bai Chai (白柴)
• Water Festival (水节)

In addition to these religious occasions, major festivals that are similar to those celebrated by the Dai people (傣族) include traditional market days, the annual “Dengwo Luo” (蹬窝罗), street fairs, the harvest festival (尝新节), and the Water Splashing Festival (泼水节).

Traditional Crafts and Heritage

The Achang people from Husa possess exceptional skills in blacksmithing and knife-making, creating durable iron tools. Their knives—long knives, pointed knives, cleavers, kitchen knives, scissors, and sickles—are known for their sharpness and aesthetic appeal. The “Husa knife” is famous throughout the region and is highly valued by the Dai, Han, Jingpo, and De’ang ethnic groups. The knife-making technique of the Achang has been listed as a national intangible cultural heritage.

Overview of the Yao Ethnic Minority

Yunnan Province (云南省) has a Yao ethnic minority (瑶族) population of approximately 220,000, making it the third largest concentration of Yao people in China, following Hunan (湖南) and Guangxi (广西). The Yao people are mainly distributed in counties such as Funing (富宁), Jinping (金平), Hekou (河口), Malipo (麻栗坡), Guannan (广南), and Mengla (勐腊).

The Yao ethnic group is composed of four branches: the Lanjing Yao (蓝靛瑶), Guoshan Yao (过山瑶), Shanyao (山瑶), and Jingdong Yao (景东瑶). There are different theories regarding the origin of the Yao people. One theory suggests that they descended from the ancient ethnic group “San Miao” (三苗) from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (长江). Another theory posits that they originated from one branch of the ancient “Baiyue” (百越). The large-scale migration of the Yao people into Yunnan began during the Ming and Qing dynasties.

Both the Lanjing Yao and Guoshan Yao follow a belief system that emphasizes home practice of Yao Taoism (瑶传道教). This includes the folk custom of “dujie” (度戒), which serves as both a coming-of-age ceremony for Yao boys and an initiation ritual into Yao Taoism.

Traditional Festivals

The Yao people celebrate many traditional festivals, with small festivals occurring nearly every month, varying significantly across different regions. One of the grand traditional festivals is the “Jumping Pan Wang” (跳盘王), which commemorates their ancestor Pan Wang (盘王). Since 1984, the date for the Pan Wang Festival has been unified nationwide to the 16th day of the 10th month in the lunar calendar.

Architectural Features of the Yao Village

The Yao village in the Village of Yao Ethnic Minority in Yunnan Ethnic Villages (云南民族村–瑶族村寨) is composed of a variety of architectural styles, including stilted houses (吊角楼), single-story dwellings (平房民居), Taoist temples (道观), granaries (粮仓), and village gates (寨门). The layout is well-organized and reflects the integration of cultural elements typical of Yao architecture.

Music and Dance

Yao music, dance, and folk songs have their origins in labor and religion. Some of the most famous dances include the Long Drum Dance (长鼓舞) and the Bronze Drum Dance (铜鼓舞), which are large-scale performances to honor Pan Wang and Muluo (密洛陀). Additionally, there are numerous popular folk dances, such as the Lion Dance (狮舞), Grass Dragon Dance (草龙舞), Flower Stick Dance (花棍舞), Incense Offering Dance (上香舞), and Master Seeking Dance (求师舞), among others.

Festivals and Ceremonies

Significant festivals include:

• Pan Wang Festival (盘王节)
• Spring Festival (春节)
• Danu Festival (达努节)
• Zhongyuan Festival (中元节)
• She Wang Festival (社王节)
• Qingming Festival (清明节)

The Pan Wang Festival, commonly referred to as “Jumping Pan Wang” (跳盘王) or “Returning Pan Wang’s Wish” (还盘王愿), occurs every three to five years on the 16th day of the 10th month in the lunar calendar. The main ceremonies typically involve a master shaman (师公) performing rituals, singing Pan Wang songs, dancing the Long Drum Dance, and praying to Pan Wang (盘瓠) for blessings and protection. This festival is particularly significant for the Yao people who identify themselves as “Mian Zhi” (勉支) and is celebrated with great solemnity.

Overview of the Hui Ethnic Minority

The Hui ethnic minority (回族) in Yunnan Province (云南省) has a population of nearly 700,000. They are distributed across almost every county (市、区) in the province, characterized by a pattern of “large dispersion with small concentration” and living in clusters around mosques (清真寺). In urban areas, Hui people tend to form neighborhoods, while in rural settings, they establish villages. Their primary residence areas include transportation lines, flatland regions, river valleys, and towns.

The ancestors of the Hui people migrated to Yunnan from various regions, including Arabia (阿拉伯), Central Asia (中亚), West Asia (西亚), and parts of China’s Central Plains (中原) and Northwest (西北) during several historical periods. The Hui people strictly adhere to the teachings and regulations of Islam, following the Quran (《古兰经》) and the Hadith (圣训). They practice the Five Pillars of Islam (五大功修) and have developed their unique customs and traditions.

Each year, the Hui people celebrate three significant festivals:

• Eid al-Fitr (开斋节)
• Eid al-Adha (古尔邦节)
• Mawlid (圣纪节)

These festivals are based on the Islamic lunar calendar.

Architectural Features of the Hui Village

The Hui village in the Village of Hui Ethnic Minority in Yunnan Ethnic Villages (云南民族村–回族村寨) is characterized by its unique architectural ensemble. It primarily consists of:

• Residential buildings (民居楼)
• Mosques (清真寺)
• Various blocks of architecture

The area is beautifully adorned with gardens and landscaping, which collectively showcase the architectural layout and characteristics of Hui residences in Yunnan.

The architectural style of the Hui people reflects their cultural identity and traditions, creating a harmonious blend of functional living spaces and aesthetic beauty. The community layout is designed to foster social interactions and a sense of belonging among residents. The incorporation of gardens and greenery enhances the village’s environment, promoting a peaceful and inviting atmosphere.

Overview of the Manchu Ethnic Minority

The Manchu ethnic minority (满族) in Yunnan Province (云南省) has a population of approximately 14,000. They are mainly distributed in cities such as Kunming (昆明), Baoshan (保山), Simao (思茅), Qujing (曲靖), and Chuxiong (楚雄). The Manchu people have a significant presence in urban areas, with many engaged in professions related to engineering, administration, culture, and healthcare.

Historical Background

The Manchu migration to Yunnan began in the early Qing Dynasty (清朝). In the 20th year of the Kangxi Emperor’s reign (康熙二十年, 1681), Prince Zhangtai (贝子彰泰) led 100,000 soldiers from both the Manchu and Han ethnic groups to conquer Kunming. It is said that “some of the Eight Banners’ servants did not return with the army, but instead hid in Yunnan (滇境).”

Following this, an increasing number of Manchu people migrated to Yunnan, either accompanying officials, engaging in commerce, or arriving during the War of Resistance against Japan. Many of these Manchu people settled in Kunming. Areas like Ruan’an Street (如安街) in Kunming were once populated by the Manchu, which was historically referred to as “Qiren Street” (旗人街).

Cuisine

The Manchu cuisine is rich and distinctive, often described as “Manchu-style Han dishes” (满点汉菜). One of the most representative dishes that embodies the fusion of Manchu and Han culinary culture is the “Manchu-Han Full Banquet” (满汉全席), which features over 100 dishes that maintain the unique characteristics of Manchu food in terms of ingredients, preparation, and eating styles.

Festivals

Many of the festivals celebrated by the Manchu people are similar to those of the Han ethnic group. The main festivals include:

• Spring Festival (春节)
• Lantern Festival (元宵节)
• Dragon Head Raising Day (二月二)
• Duanwu Festival (端午节)
• Mid-Autumn Festival (中秋节)

During these festivals, traditional sports activities such as pearl ball games and horse racing are commonly held.

Architectural Features

The Village of Manchu Ethnic Minority in Yunnan Ethnic Villages (云南民族村–满族寨) draws inspiration from the traditional courtyard structures of the Manchu people from Benxi (本溪) in Northeast China. At the same time, it incorporates numerous elements of the Siheyuan (四合院) architectural style typical of Kunming. This unique blend creates a perfect combination of the architectural styles from both regions, showcasing the cultural heritage of the Manchu people.

Introduction to the Pumi Ethnic Minority

The Pumi ethnic minority (普米族) is a unique group in Yunnan Province (云南省), with a population of approximately 42,000. They are descendants of the ancient Di-Qiang (氐羌) tribes and primarily engage in agriculture and animal husbandry. The Pumi people mainly reside in the northwestern part of Yunnan, particularly in the counties of Lanping (兰坪), Ninglang (宁蒗), Lijiang (丽江), Weixi (维西), and Yongsheng (永胜).

The Pumi people have a rich cultural heritage, with flourishing folk arts, including exquisite singing and dancing. A significant ceremony, known as the “Cheng Ding Li” (成丁礼), is held for children when they reach the age of 13 to mark their coming of age. They possess their own language and also use Chinese (汉文) for communication. The Pumi people follow Tibetan Buddhism, and their lamas and shamans (韩规) often compose scriptures in Tibetan.

Cultural Festivals and Traditions

The main traditional festivals of the Pumi ethnic minority include the Spring Festival (大过年), the Great Fifteenth Festival (大十五节), the Rock Cave Festival (绕岩洞), the Mountain Pilgrimage Festival (转山会), and the Tasting New Rice Festival (尝新节).

Among these, the Spring Festival (大过年) is the most important and grandest celebration, typically lasting three days to half a month. In Ninglang, the New Year is celebrated on the seventh day of the twelfth lunar month, while in Lanping and Weixi, the Spring Festival is celebrated during the first month of the lunar calendar.

The Great Fifteenth Festival (大十五节) is a traditional festival for the Pumi people in Ninglang, celebrated on the fourteenth day of the twelfth lunar month. During this time, people dress in bright new clothes, camp in the mountains, and hold bonfire parties. The following day, they pray for blessings around the “Mani pile” (玛尼堆), where young men and women joyfully sing, dance, and flirt with one another.

Architectural Features of the Pumi Ethnic Village

The Village of Pumi Ethnic Minority (普米族寨) in Yunnan Ethnic Village features typical “Duomu” (垛木) double-decker wooden houses and sloping-roofed flat houses. The village is arranged in a courtyard style, reflecting traditional folk architectural methods.

A local beverage, known as “Suli Ma” (酥里玛酒), is brewed using barley and traditional methods, earning the reputation of “local beer.” The western part of the village showcases the charming atmosphere of the “Suli Ma workshop,” where this unique beverage is produced.

The Village of Pumi Ethnic Minority in Yunnan Ethnic Villages offers a vivid glimpse into the rich cultural heritage and traditions of the Pumi people. Through their festivals, artistic expressions, and distinctive architectural styles, the Pumi ethnic minority continues to thrive and preserve their unique identity in the vibrant tapestry of Yunnan Province.

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Introduction to the Lisu Ethnic Minority

The Lisu ethnic minority (傈僳族) is a unique group in Yunnan Province (云南省), with a population of nearly 670,000. They primarily engage in agriculture and mainly inhabit the Nujiang (怒江) and Weixi Lisu Autonomous Prefecture (维西傈僳族自治州), particularly in the famous “Three Parallel Rivers” area. Additionally, there are communities in Lijiang (丽江), Diqing (迪庆), Dali (大理), and Baoshan (保山) prefectures and cities.

The Lisu people originated from the ancient Di-Qiang (氐羌) tribes and were historically known as “Bo” (僰) and “Pu” (濮) after migrating south during the Qin (秦) and Han (汉) dynasties. Their folk beliefs are rooted in animism, and they possess their own language and script. The Lisu culture is rich in folk songs and dances, showcasing their vibrant heritage.

Cultural Festivals and Traditions

The Lisu people refer to their annual New Year festival as “Kuo Shi” (阔时), which typically occurs between the fifth day of the twelfth lunar month and the tenth day of the first lunar month, coinciding with the blooming season of cherry blossoms. The “Kuo Shi Festival” (阔时节) has now been established as a communal ethnic festival celebrated by the Lisu people in Nujiang Prefecture (怒江州), occurring on December 20 each year.

Additionally, the Lisu community in Dehong (德宏) and Tengchong (腾冲) celebrates the “Knife Pole Festival” (刀杆节) on the seventeenth day of the second lunar month. These festivals are significant cultural events, reflecting the Lisu people’s traditions and community spirit.

Architectural Features of the Lisu Ethnic Village

The Village of Lisu Ethnic Minority (傈僳族寨) in Yunnan Ethnic Village is characterized by its typical “Qianjiao Luodi” (千脚落地) wooden house architecture. This style reflects the unique morphological features of the Lisu people’s terraced environment, showcasing their aesthetic preferences and open-minded lifestyle. The layout of the village exhibits a harmonious blend of traditional architectural design with the natural landscape, offering visitors a glimpse into the cultural identity and daily life of the Lisu ethnic minority.

The Village of Lisu Ethnic Minority in Yunnan Ethnic Villages provides a rich cultural experience, allowing visitors to explore the traditions, festivals, and architectural styles of the Lisu people. Through their unique practices and vibrant community life, the Lisu ethnic minority continues to thrive, preserving their heritage and sharing it with the world.

Introduction to the Buyi Ethnic Minority (布依族)

The Buyi ethnic minority (布依族) in Yunnan Province (云南省) has a population of nearly 59,000 people, primarily residing in more than ten counties within the Qujing (曲靖), Wenshan (文山), and Honghe (红河) prefectures. The origins of the Buyi people trace back to the ancient “Baiyue” (百越), and they have been historically referred to by names such as “Xieman” (谢蛮) and “Zhongjia” (仲家), being a branch of the Luoyue people (骆越) within the Baiyue ethnic group. They are an agricultural society with a lunar calendar, rich natural resources, and favorable environmental conditions. The Buyi language exists alongside the use of Chinese characters (汉文), and their literature is flourishing. Their folk beliefs revolve around animism and polytheism, with a representative festival being the Sacrifice to the Soil God (祭社神节) celebrated on the sixth day of the sixth lunar month.

The Buyi people celebrate many traditional festivals, including:

• March 3 (三月三)
• April 8 (四月八)
• June 6 (六月六): This is a common festival for the Buyi people.

Buyi arts and crafts are well-known, including techniques such as batik (蜡染), embroidery (刺绣), brocade weaving (织锦), bamboo weaving (竹编), dyeing (织染), pottery (陶瓷), and carving (雕刻).

Architectural Features of the Buyi Ethnic Village (布依族寨建筑特点)

The Village of Buyi Ethnic Minority (布依族寨) in Yunnan Ethnic Village is situated beside water and consists of two residential buildings that adhere to traditional folk construction methods. This design achieves a perfect combination of the Qionglong (邛笼) architectural style and the wooden house (板屋) building technique. The village features pavilions and corridors by the water, with winding paths that lead to serene spots, showcasing a blend of folk residential charm and innovative garden landscapes, making it highly representative of Buyi architectural aesthetics.

The Village of Buyi Ethnic Minority in Yunnan Ethnic Villages offers visitors a unique opportunity to immerse themselves in the rich culture and traditions of the Buyi people. Through their vibrant festivals, exquisite craftsmanship, and distinctive architectural style, visitors can gain valuable insights into the lives and heritage of the Buyi ethnic minority.

Introduction to the Mongolian Ethnic Minority

The Mongolian ethnic minority (蒙古族) in Yunnan Province (云南省) has a population of approximately 23,000 people. Most of them are descendants of the troops led by Kublai Khan (元世祖忽必烈) during his conquests of Yunnan. The Ximeng Mongolian Township (兴蒙蒙古族乡) in Tonghai County (通海县) is a major settlement area for the Mongolian people, while other Mongolian compatriots live among various ethnic groups, primarily in the urban and rural areas of central Yunnan (滇中).

The Mongolians in Ximeng Township have unique languages and clothing distinct from those of the Inner Mongolian grasslands. Their representative festival is the Nadam Fair (那达慕大会), which occurs every three years. Their ancestors entered Yunnan in earlier times and stationed nearby, gradually shifting to a fishery-based livelihood after settling in their current location. As the water level of Qilu Lake (杞麓湖) receded, agriculture became the mainstay of their economy.

Architectural Features of the Mongolian Ethnic Village

The Mongolian Ethnic Village (蒙古族村) within the Yunnan Ethnic Village features representative courtyard-style buildings known as “one imprint” (一颗印) architecture, yurts (蒙古包), and horse racing grounds (跑马场). This architectural ensemble reflects the ancestral characteristics of nomadic peoples from the vast grasslands and showcases the unique architectural style of the Mongolian people in Yunnan.

Traditional Festivals of the Mongolian Ethnic Minority

The Mongolian ethnic group celebrates several traditional festivals, including:

• Nadam Fair (那达慕): The most grand and widely celebrated festival among the Mongols, held every three years during the livestock fattening season in July and August. The term “Nadam” means entertainment or games in Mongolian.
• Animal Husbandry Festival (兴畜节): Another significant festival for the Mongolian people.
• Luban Festival (鲁班节): Celebrated on the second day of the fourth lunar month each year.

Cultural Heritage of the Mongolian Ethnic Minority

The Mongolian people are often referred to as a “musical nation” and a “poetic nation.” Their multi-part folk songs, Morin khuur (马头琴) music, and the epic “Gada Meilin” (史诗《嘎达梅林》) are recognized as national intangible cultural heritage and are included in the protection list of cultural heritage by the state.

The Village of Mongolian Ethnic Minority in Yunnan Ethnic Villages offers a deep insight into the culture, traditions, and architecture of the Mongolian people in Yunnan. Visitors can experience the rich heritage of the Mongolian ethnic minority, participate in cultural festivities, and appreciate their unique artistic expressions.

Introduction to the Nu Ethnic Minority

The Nu ethnic minority (怒族) is unique to Yunnan Province (云南省), with a population of approximately 32,000 people. Primarily engaged in agriculture, they mainly inhabit the regions along the Nu River (怒江), particularly in Fugu County (福贡县), Gongshan County (贡山县), and the counties of Hushui (沪水) and Lanping (兰坪). As one of the ancient indigenous ethnic groups in northwestern Yunnan, the Nu ethnic group derives its name from the Nu River, which they have long inhabited. Known for their singing and dancing abilities, the Nu people have a rich tradition of folk literature and adhere to an original religion that deeply respects the “natural powers of the gods.” Their representative festival is the “Fairy Festival” (仙女节). The Nu ethnic group has its own distinct language, which varies regionally, but they commonly use Chinese (汉文) in daily communication.

Traditional Festivals of the Nu Ethnic Minority

The Nu ethnic minority celebrates several traditional festivals, including the New Year (过年), Fairy Festival (仙女节), the Harvest Festival (祭谷神), and the Mountain and Forest Festival (祭山林节). Among these, the New Year festival is the most vibrant and celebrated. The Nu people worship fairies, and every year on the 15th day of the third lunar month, they hold a special celebration in their honor.

Before the festival, several limestone caves adorned with stalactites are selected as fairy caves. On the festival day, people gather to pick rhododendron flowers and carry offerings and wine vessels to the fairy cave for sacrifices, celebrating joyfully together.

Location of the Nu Ethnic Village

The Nu Ethnic Village (怒族寨) is located at 1310 Dianchi Road (滇池路), Xishan District (西山区), Kunming (昆明), within the Yunnan Ethnic Village (云南民族村). This village is a crucial component of the Yunnan Ethnic Village, specifically dedicated to showcasing Nu culture and lifestyle.

Architectural Style of the Nu Ethnic Village

The architectural style of the Nu Ethnic Village is unique, primarily featuring traditional wooden structures with stone roofs. These houses are characterized by interconnecting corridors or interconnected rooms, adorned with stone steps, which vividly represent the dynamic spatial composition of Nu architecture and exemplify the harmonious integration of culture and nature.

The traditional Nu houses are predominantly constructed from wood and stone, reflecting rich ethnic characteristics. Visitors can admire traditional Nu craftsmanship, including intricate wood carvings, embroidery, and silver jewelry, which highlight the skills and deep cultural heritage of the Nu people.

Cultural Exhibitions and Daily Life

In addition to showcasing traditional handicrafts, the Nu Ethnic Village also presents the daily lives and customs of the Nu people. Tourists can participate in traditional Nu dance performances and savor local delicacies such as butter tea (酥油茶) and sour bamboo shoot fish (酸笋鱼), gaining a deeper understanding of the Nu way of life and cultural traditions.

Moreover, the Nu Ethnic Village features museums and exhibition halls that house a wealth of valuable artifacts and photographs related to Nu history and culture, providing visitors with insights into the rich history and traditions of the Nu people.

In summary, the Nu Ethnic Village in Yunnan Ethnic Village is a tourist destination that combines sightseeing, cultural experiences, and folk displays. Visitors can immerse themselves in the charm and uniqueness of Nu culture and gain a profound understanding of the customs and historical culture of the Nu people.

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