Location and Geography

• Location: Luocha Pavilion is located at the foot of Lotus Peak in Cangshan Mountain, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. It is situated near Shangyangxi Village in Wanqiao Town, approximately 17 kilometers from Dali Ancient Town.
• Geographical Features: The pavilion is built on a large boulder on the south bank of Yangxi River, one of the eighteen streams of Cangshan Mountain. The boulder is about 6 meters high and over 10 meters wide, split into two halves with a narrow gap in between. Legend has it that the demon Luocha is locked within this stone crevice.

Historical and Cultural Background

• Legend of Guanyin Subduing Luocha: According to local legends, Luocha was a malevolent demon that wreaked havoc in the Erhai Lake area, bringing darkness and destruction. Guanyin Bodhisattva, disguised as an old monk, tricked Luocha into entering a magical palace, which then transformed into a huge stone and trapped Luocha beneath it. This legend reflects the historical and cultural significance of Guanyin’s victory over evil forces and is deeply ingrained in the local Bai ethnic culture.
• Historical Records: The story of Guanyin subduing Luocha is documented in local historical texts such as “Nanzhao Ye Shi” and “Yunnan Ye Shi,” and the site has been a place of pilgrimage and worship for centuries.

Architectural Features

• Structure: Luocha Pavilion is a small, single-story wooden structure built on the boulder. The pavilion features a traditional Chinese architectural style with carved wooden doors and a stone plaque inscribed with the words “Tian Chi Wu” (天尺五), which was said to have been written by the famous traveler Xu Xiake.
• Interior: Inside the pavilion, there is a statue of a male Guanyin with a white beard and mustache, known as “Guanyin Laodie” (观音老爹). This statue represents the monk who subdued Luocha and is an important cultural symbol for the local Bai people.

Cultural and Religious Significance

• Buddhist and Local Folklore: Luocha Pavilion is not only a Buddhist site but also a place where local Bai customs and Buddhism intertwine. The pavilion is associated with the Bai people’s worship of their “Ben Zhu” (本主), or local deities, and serves as a venue for various religious and cultural activities.
• Tourist Attraction: The pavilion and its surrounding area are popular among tourists and pilgrims. Visitors come to admire the scenic beauty, learn about the legends, and pay their respects at this historically significant site.

Surrounding Environment and Activities

• Natural Scenery: The area around Luocha Pavilion offers breathtaking views of Cangshan Mountain and Erhai Lake. The pavilion is surrounded by lush forests, clear streams, and expansive views of the Dali Basin.
• Nearby Attractions: Close to Luocha Pavilion are other attractions such as Yi’ai Temple and Baohe Temple, which are also rich in historical and cultural significance. These sites, along with the natural beauty of the area, make it a must-visit destination for travelers exploring Dali.

Baohe Temple in Cangshan Mountain is one of the Best Tourist Attractions and Top Things to Do when travel to Dali, it introduces the main scenic spots, address, entrance tickets booking, The best time to visit, How to Get there, the highlights, facts, history, photos, visiting routes, travel tips, tour maps of Baohe Temple in Cangshan Mountain.
Chinese Name:大理苍山保和寺
English Name: Baohe Temple in Cangshan Mountain, Dali

Boluo Temple of Cangshan Mountain in Dali is one of the Best Tourist Attractions and Top Things to Do when travel to Dali, it introduces the main scenic spots, address, entrance tickets booking, The best time to visit, How to Get there, the highlights, facts, history, photos, visiting routes, travel tips, tour maps of Boluo Temple of Cangshan Mountain in Dali.
Chinese Name:大理市波罗寺
English Name: Boluo Temple of Cangshan Mountain in Dali City

Plan your Dali Ethnic Villages Tour to Dali? Visit Shangjie Village of Cangshan West Town in Yangbi County, Dali which is one of the most fascinating ethnic villages in Dali. Explore the local folk ethnic culture including History, Food and Dining, Clothing, Customs and Traditions, Architecture, Festivals, Crafts, Religion, Language of local ethnic people in Shangjie Village of Cangshan West Town in Yangbi County, Dali.

Chinese Name: 大理州漾濞县苍山西镇上街村委会
English Name: Shangjie Village of Cangshan West Town in Yangbi County, Dali

Cangshan Mountain in Dali has various geological and geomorphological features such as glacier landform, fault peak cluster, Cangshan Waterfall, Cangshan metamorphic rock, marble geology, wrinkled mountain landform, etc. The forest at the foot of the mountain is verdant, with waterfalls, clear springs and Longtan Huaxi in ten steps and one scene.  At the peak of the mountain, the sea of clouds billows in summer and the azalea is brilliant. In winter, the snow is covered with snow and the beauty is very hard to express.

As the south side is adjacent to the Ximatan cableway station and there are mature hiking trails connecting the Cangshan jade belt tour road, the trail directly down to yinqiao town in the north side is also easy to identify and is favored by outdoor mountaineers.

One. The roue of taking the three-peak  to the south.

From the ancient town to the 3200 platform above sea level (i.e. Cangshan TV turntable transfer station), there is winding mountain highway, which can be used to drive off-road vehicles and minibuses to save a lot of physical strength. Then 3200-Yanyu Pavilion-Xiaocen peak, the earth-rock trail goes straight up, which takes a lot of physical energy. It takes about 4 hours to climb from an altitude of about 3200 meters to over 4000 meters. If there is a team organization, you can camp in the poor turntable, with electricity and water.

There is only one road along the ridge from the Chazhuantai to the south to Shimatang. It takes 1 hour to take photos while walking, and the altitude of Ximatan is 3950 meters. Ximatan-Cangshan Nature Education Center-Daiheiding-Yanyu pavilion-3200, with earth-rock hiking trails through virgin forests, streams and mountain streams, fir and bamboo forests; Due to the luxuriant trees, some sections of the road may get lost, so experienced people are needed to lead the way, and the whole journey takes about 3 hours for 7 kilometers.

Now the cableway has been repaired to Ximatan. The most convenient way is to take the cableway to Ximatan and then climb the mountain. However, crossing the plank road of ximatan scenic area to enter the “unopened sightseeing area” will be blocked by the staff, because the disappearance of people who rush to mount Cangshan will happen every few months.

From Ximatan go down the mountain, you can choose to go from Yuju Peak to Yudai Road and Dali University directly along the cable tower. This is the nearest one. Because when the cableway was built, a construction and maintenance access road was opened, but some sections of the road passed the cliff.

From Ximatan go down the mountain, you can also go straight down to Zhonghe Temple from the Daheiding. The scenery in late autumn is very beautiful.

Two. The roue of taking the three-peak  to the North.

(3800 right to yingle peak lane fork)

We will go climbing the mountain at 7:20,then reached 3800 altitude of Chayingle Peak, and reached Huanglongtan at 4:30 and returned to line 214 under Wahaha waterworks at 7: 20. ,the whole journey lasted nearly 27 kilometers and 12 hours.

Three.The roue of taking the Five-peak  to the North.

Combined with the  two lines from above, we go straight to Xiaocen Peak and go north through Xiaocen Peak, Yingle Peak, Yeti Peak, Lanfeng Peak and Sanyang Peak.

Reference time: 6:25 we will go down to Cangshan 3200, 8: 25-10: 30 Xiaocenfeng, 15: 00 p.m. to Huanglongtan, 16:30 to Heilongtan, downhill, 19: 00 at the quarry.

The roue of taking the seven-peak  to the North and To climb the main peak

Day1.On the cableway to climb ximatan-Longquan peak-zhonghe peak-xiaoluo peak (TV differential turntable)-yingle peak-yeti peak-lanfeng-sanyang peak-huanglongtan-shuanglongtan

This road is basically walking on the ridge of Cangshan Mountain, with a distance of about 8 kilometers. Starting from Ximatan, we reach the high Dafeng pass at an altitude of 4070m. After crossing the pass, we cut down the slope and move on, then we reach Longquan Peak. Further on, you can see a towering TV tower-Cangshan TV Station, which was once the highest TV tower in the country and was located at the summit of Xiaocen with an altitude of 4092 meters. Ridge such as tough, exposure is very strong, strong winds blow, hikers have to use hands to help to walk, winter and spring season is biting cold. The camping that night was in the quiet and beautiful Shuanglongtan.

Day2. Shuanglongtan-Heilongtan-Bamboo Forest-Mountain Path-Qianshuichi Factory-Yinqiao Town

All the way down, through Shuanglongtan and Heilongtan, through a bamboo forest and then along a mountain path to Qianshuichi Factory, down 1648 steps, to the end of Yinqiao Town, a distance of 9 kilometers. The black dragon pool, the double dragon pool and the yellow dragon pool are all hidden in the big bosom of sanyang peak. therefore, sanyang peak has become the most beautiful place for Cangshan mountain. However, the altitude of the sea wave here is over 3900 meters, so it is not bad to go down the mountain. It would be much more difficult to go up the mountain road in reverse.

There are many extend ways to this route:

1. It is also possible to cross from north to south: Yinqiao Town-Qianshuichi Factory-Mountain Path-Bamboo Forest-Heilongtan-Shuanglongtan-Huanglongtan-Sanyang Peak-Lanfeng-Yeti Peak-Yinglefeng-Xiaoluo Peak (TV Turntable)-Zhonghe Peak-Longquan Peak-Shimantan cableway station. However, to enter the mountain from Lingquan Creek in Yinqiao Town, you must first climb 1648 steps to Qianshuichi Factory, then enter the deep forest and climb along the rugged mountain path, which requires much physical strength, endurance and perseverance.

2. If you have enough time and physical strength, you can start from  Tianlong Babu Film and Television City, and walk along the pylon of the Shimantan cableway to Shimantan, a distance of about 6 kilometers. It can also be Wuwei Temple: Wuwei Temple-Ge Laoya-Old Mining Factory-Mountain Path, with the same route behind; It became a three-day route.

3. After arriving at Xiao ‘ao Peak (TV station), there is another mountain road to choose from: Xiao ‘ao Peak-3200m Alpine Post Station-Panshan Highway-Santai-Dali Ancient City.

4. If organized by the outdoor association, you can camp in Ximatan. The next morning, you can go straight to the highest mountain in Cangshan, Malong Peak (4122 meters above sea level), for about 3 hours and pass through Yuju Peak. On the return trip, you can go down to Gantong Temple directly along Qingbi Stream. This road is difficult to walk through several waterfalls and cliffs.

The best time to climb Cangshan is from March to May and from October to November each year when the weather is clear. June to August is when all kinds of azaleas are in full bloom in Cangshan, but there is more rain, which is not conducive to camping on the mountain.

Cangshan’s climate is changeable in summer and autumn. It is very changeable. It is sunny at the foot of the mountain. The mountain may be foggy, hail and snowy. There is 20 cm thick snow on the mountain top, which cannot be seen on the mountain foot. At night, the temperature is very low, so you should bring more warm clothing, and at the same time prepare lighting appliances, preferably rechargeable LED lights, communication tools are essential, and medicine preparation points for preventing and treating trauma. And hiking shoes must be awesome. In addition, raincoats are essential.

Cangshan longitudinal route is located in a high altitude area, with an average altitude of 3500-4000 meters and a maximum altitude of 4122 meters. hikers are ready to cope with altitude reaction.

Because of the changeable climate, it is very risky for inexperienced people to enter the unopened tourist area and climb Cangshan Mountain. Friends who go for the first time suggest organizing a group and looking for a professional guide to recommend Dali Deep Outdoor Sports Club. Tel.: 0872-2122787, 2183809, 8811226.

Tips for outdoor adventure camping equipment:

1. Personal equipment: backpacks (with rain cover), tents, moisture-proof pads, sleeping bags (comfortable -10 degrees), assault clothing, assault pants, down jacket, hiking shoes, thermal underwear, fleece-catching clothing, fleece-catching pants, spare socks, quick-drying clothing, headlights, rain gear, hiking sticks, sunglasses, personal special drugs, water bottles, chopsticks (or spoons), personal daily necessities, sunscreen, cameras (with batteries), cell phones (with batteries), compression bags, waterproof bags, garbage bags, hats, gloves, headlights, thermos pots, stoves, pots, etc. Realgar is used to prevent poisonous snakes when preparing for camping.

2. Recharge: Heat loss is rapid in plateau areas. For carrying heavy loads, you need to bring your own high-calorie food to supplement your physical strength. Chocolate, compressed biscuits and vitamins can be properly prepared.

see more about biking tour

Seeing Dali on a bike makes top choice for tourists

Top Bike Tour Routes around Kunming City

http://360.mafengwo.cn/travels/info.php?id=6577040

Huideng An Temple (慧灯庵) is located approximately 850 meters below Jinding Temple (金顶寺) in Dali City (大理市), Yunnan Province (云南省). Nestled against Tianzhufeng (天柱峰) and facing the majestic mountains, the temple offers a broad view and serves as a starting point for climbing Jinding. Situated to the west of Mile Courtyard (弥勒院) and behind Kasyapa Hall (迦叶殿), the temple was first established as a dwelling by monk Hongping (洪平) during the Ming Dynasty (明) and was later constructed into a temple during the Chongzhen period (崇祯).

Main Buildings and Environment

The temple complex features significant structures, including the Mahavira Hall (大雄宝殿), meditation hall (禅堂), guest hall (客堂), and mountain gate (山门). The courtyard is adorned with flowers and trees, with the sound of a trickling spring enhancing the serene atmosphere. In 1985, the State Council and the Religious Affairs Bureau allocated funds to renovate the Mahavira Hall, Abbot’s Room (方丈室), and other facilities, covering a total area of 993 square meters. The main hall is designed in a five-bay, double-eaved style, with pointed corners resembling a palace. Inside, statues of Shakyamuni Buddha (释迦佛) and the revered figures of Bodhidharma (达摩) and Guan Yu (关羽) can be found.

According to Buddhist legend, during the Three Kingdoms period, General Guan Yunlong (关云长) of Shu died and received a precept from the monk Zhizhi on Mount Tiantai (天台), where he learned Zen from Master Shenxiu (神秀). The statue is adorned with gold leaf, shining brilliantly and exuding a dignified aura. The temple’s courtyard is lush with greenery, and behind it stands a 250-year-old ancient tea tree (古茶). Many visitors stop here to rest before their ascent.

Historical Development

Huideng An Temple is situated at the foot of Tianzhufeng (天柱峰) and faces the path to the summit. Historical records indicate that in 1605 (Ming Wanli, 乙巳), monk Hongping established a hermitage here. By 1634 (Chongzhen, 甲戌), his disciple Puxian (普现) initiated fundraising to expand the temple. In 1692 (Qing Kangxi, 壬申), monk Zonghai (宗海) again raised funds for renovations.

Scenic Views

From the car window, one can see the post-rain Chicken Foot Mountain (鸡足山) shrouded in clouds, with lush green cliffs reaching the sky. At the foot of the mountain, small bridges and flowing streams are framed by green trees and traditional houses with white walls and blue tiles. The scene is reminiscent of a paradise, especially with the sounds of roosters and barking dogs adding to the atmosphere.

The bell at the mountain gate rings softly, and the calligraphy “Ling Shan Yi Hui” (灵山一会) by Mr. Zhao Puchu (赵朴初) can be seen overhead. At this moment, we stand in the sacred place of Kasyapa, reflecting on the historical Ling Shan meeting, where the Buddha smiled while holding a flower, and Kasyapa understood without words—an exquisite Zen moment.

Journey to the Temple

Starting from Jiulian Temple (九莲寺), the car winds up through the mountains to Wanshou An (万寿庵) at the waist of the mountain. The air is fresh and moist, and the tall trees offer shade, making the atmosphere slightly cool yet refreshing. The Zhusheng Temple (祝圣寺), built by Master Xuyun (虚云法师), lies hidden among the tall trees not far from Wanshou An. Looking up towards the summit, the clouds roll and the mountain views reveal themselves, with Kasyapa’s meditative portal enveloped in auspicious energy.

Climbing Experience

Initially, we planned to travel light for our ascent, but due to the allure of comforts, we brought along musical instruments and tea, making the horses carry our burdens. Our luggage set off ahead, allowing us to start our journey leisurely. The nearby Biyun Temple (碧云寺) has been under construction since my first visit three years ago. The main hall, reflecting Tang-style architecture, is nearly completed and has begun to radiate solemnity.

Following the stone steps leading into the clouds, Huideng An is now in sight, and Fanguang Temple (放光寺) is not far off. The path from Huideng An to Fanguang Temple lacks smooth stone pavement; we tread on fallen leaves, guided by markers in the original dense forest. The famous tree flowers and frog skins of Chicken Foot Mountain, typically found in primitive forests, are in abundance, once the main food of the Yunnan golden monkey (滇西金丝猴).

Fanguang Temple, located directly beneath the Hua Shou Men (华首门) of Chicken Foot Mountain, is named for its luminous nightlight, a sight witnessed by a meditative monk. Although it was once damaged, only ruins remain today. Over a decade ago, Master Cifa (慈法法师) established a dwelling here to practice Pure Land Buddhism, advocating for the recitation of mantras and maintaining strict rules. Though many monks and lay practitioners now visit, the temple maintains its simplicity and spirit of practice, with morning bells and evening drums resonating throughout the day.

Accommodations and Daily Life

Due to the holiday season and the upcoming retreat, the temple is crowded. Our male group was fortunate to sleep at the feet of the Buddha in the Mahavira Hall, while the females rested in the guest hall of Hengyang An (恒阳庵). We awoke at 4:30 AM for morning prayers and had breakfast at 7:30 AM. Afterward, under the guidance of several monks, we transported logs for the new temple gate—a memorable experience despite the challenges.

Aside from special occasions like Buddha’s Joy Day, the temple observes the rule of not eating after noon. At midday, we arrived for lunch, but after 1 PM, only water was permitted until dawn the next day.

From any part of Fanguang Temple, one can admire Kasyapa’s portal of meditation. The Golden Summit (金顶) stands just above this gate, with the white pagoda pointing to the sky. My greatest joy during previous visits to Fanguang Temple was sitting in a rattan chair at the guest hall, watching the clouds drift and the sun set. However, due to various circumstances, we couldn’t stay long, and before dark, our group moved to the final rest stop before the summit: Huideng An.

How to Get There

To reach Huideng An Temple, you can fly to Dali Airport (大理机场) and then take a taxi or a local bus to the Dali Cangshan Mountain Scenic Area (大理苍山风景区). From there, you can hike up to the temple, which is about a 30-minute walk from the nearest parking area.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn offer mild weather and beautiful scenery.
• What to Bring: Comfortable hiking shoes, water, snacks, and a camera for the stunning views.
• Respect the Environment: Follow local guidelines and maintain cleanliness in the temple and surrounding areas.
• Cultural Awareness: Be mindful of the local customs and practices, especially in sacred areas.
• Accommodation: Consider staying at nearby guesthouses or lodges to fully enjoy the spiritual atmosphere.

Overview

The Cliff Painting of Cangshan Mountain (漾濞苍山崖画) is a remarkable archaeological site located on the eastern bank of the Yangbi River (漾濞江) and the western slope of Cangshan Mountain (点苍山). This site is affectionately known by locals as the “Place Where Immortals Play Chess” (仙人下棋处) due to its mystical aura. The cliff’s summit is shaped like a straw hat, leading to its nickname “Straw Hat Stone” (草帽石). The cliff painting is etched into a colossal rock that stands 8.2 meters high, with dimensions of 8.7 meters at the top and 18 meters at the base. Besides the upper right section, which is covered by corrosive lava, the artwork currently spans approximately seven square meters, measuring around 4 meters in height and 5.5 meters in width. The painting consists of three distinct layers, predominantly in ochre red, with yellow figures and handprints. Experts have confirmed that this is the first ancient cliff painting discovered in the Yangbi River basin, officially named “Cliff Painting of Cangshan Mountain” (漾濞苍山崖画). Numerous caves and stone chambers in the vicinity further enhance its archaeological significance. Standing before this mysterious rock evokes a feeling of traveling back to three thousand years ago.

Location and Significance

The cliff painting is located about three kilometers southeast of Jinniu Village (金牛村) in Cangshan West Town (苍山西镇), Yangbi Yi Autonomous County (漾濞彝族自治县), at an elevation of 2070 meters. The topography resembles a chair, with a gentle slope where the massive rock is situated. It possesses considerable artistic and collectible value, filling a significant void in the archaeological record of Dali Prefecture (大理州).

Key Information

• Chinese Name: 漾濞苍山崖画
• Address: Cangshan West Town, Yangbi Yi Autonomous County, Yunnan Province (云南省漾濞彝族自治县苍山西镇)
• Altitude: 2070 m
• Significance: Fills the previous gap of no cliff paintings in Dali Prefecture (大理州).

Description of the Painting

The rock consists of granite and measures 19.9 meters in width and 8.25 meters in height. The cliff’s top features a relatively flat area, oriented at an angle of 59 degrees northeast. The base is a muddy flatland. The cliff painting measures 5.6 meters in length and 4 meters in width, covering a total area of 22.4 square meters. It is divided into five groups with earthy yellow and ochre red lines. Due to natural weathering and lava coverage, over 200 identifiable images can be discerned, including:

• Pastoral Scenes: Herding and gathering wild fruits.
• Hunting: Evidence of hunting activities, especially wild boar.
• Dance: Depictions of social gatherings and celebrations.
• Housing: Representations of stilt houses.

Experts across the nation believe this painting predates the Western Han Dynasty (西汉) and may represent the oldest form of prehistoric art in the region. It shares similarities with cliff paintings found in Guangxi and the Northwest while exhibiting notable differences from other artworks discovered in Yunnan. The concentrated and rich imagery makes it a rare cliff painting of considerable importance.

Cultural and Historical Significance

The discovery of this cliff painting fills a crucial gap in understanding ancient social history, ethnic history, and the development of art in the Dali region. It provides valuable insights into the life of early inhabitants, confirming that humans have lived on the western slopes of Cangshan for millennia. Additionally, it plays a vital role in expanding the cultural corridor of Cangshan and promoting tourism. This site is undoubtedly a priceless piece of ancient cultural heritage.

Additional Findings

The cliff painting is situated approximately five kilometers east of the confluence of three rivers: the Xiehe River (西洱河), Yangbi River, and Shunbi River (顺濞河). Discovered in 1994, it remains the only known ancient rock painting within Dali Prefecture. The artwork is etched on a prominent rock wall that faces south, characterized by:

• Height: 9 meters
• Width: 13 meters at the base
• Shape: Truncated rectangular, partially obscured by evergreen shrubs
• Structure: Comprises three distinct layers

Layer Details

1. First Layer:
   • Located on the upper right side, 5 meters above ground.
   • Condition: Severely damaged, with approximately 2 square meters of recognizable area.
   • Content: Faint images of several cows, with one cow clearly depicted.
2. Second Layer:
   • Contains over ten identifiable figures and handprints.
   • The figures are simply drawn, lacking clothing and facial features.
   • Handprint: A robust impression of a left hand, indicative of adult male size.
3. Third Layer:
   • Features a rich array of images, including various animals, handprints, and traditional dwellings.
   • The images include:
     • Domestic Animals: Cows, pigs, chickens, and dogs.
     • Structures: Stilt houses depicted with supporting columns.
     • Human Figures: A group of 21 dancers arranged in a coordinated manner, demonstrating social interaction.

How to Get There

To reach the Cliff Painting of Cangshan Mountain in Yangbi County:

1. From Dali City (大理市): Travel approximately 40 kilometers to Yangbi County.
2. Transportation Options:
   • By Car: Drive via local roads to Cangshan West Town, following signs to Jinniu Village.
   • By Public Transport: Take a bus from Dali to Yangbi County, then hire a local taxi to the site.

Overview

The West Slope of Cangshan Mountain (苍山西坡) in Yangbi County (漾濞县), Dali (大理), features the Grand Garden of Cangshan (苍山西坡大花园). Located at the Biqia Peak (笔架峰) on the western slope, this area boasts a high mountain meadow where vibrant red, purple, and white rhododendrons (杜鹃) bloom in spring. Covering over 300 acres, these native large rhododendrons, also known as azaleas or “Ying Shan Hong” (映山红), create a stunning spectacle reminiscent of an original forest or a sea of blossoms, breathtaking for all who visit. The best time to experience this phenomenon is from late February to mid-April.

The West Slope of Cangshan has a more extensive climatic range than the East Slope, resulting in clearly defined vertical vegetation zones. It encompasses a variety of plant types, including all varieties from the subtropical to desert belts, making it the richest area in terms of plant species on Cangshan. This region brings together components from various plant zones, including the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (青藏高原), the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau (云贵高原), the western Yunnan canyon (滇西峡谷), and the upper reaches of the Lancang and Yuan rivers (澜沧江元江). Cangshan is home to over 6,000 plant species, with 2,849 species identified across 927 genera and 182 families. Among these, nearly 40 species belong to the rhododendron genus, with 26 species classified as endangered plants by the national government, including 4 species under Class II protection and 10 under Class III. There are 3 endemic species to China, 4 endemic to Yunnan, and 5 endemic to Cangshan.

Plants

• Rhododendrons (杜鹃花): Including Blood Rhododendron (似血杜鹃), Dense Branch Rhododendron (密枝杜鹃), Dali Rhododendron (大理杜鹃), and Fire Red Rhododendron (火红杜鹃).
• Cangshan Fir (苍山冷杉)
• Rhodiola (红景天)
• Cold Arrow Bamboo (冷箭竹)
• Curved Branch Cypress (曲枝柏)
• Yunnan Iron Fir (云南铁杉)
• Red Bean Fir (红豆杉)
• Maple (槭)
• Wild Cherry (野樱)
• Hawthorn (花楸)
• Wild Star Anise (野八角)
• Lead Spring Wood (领春木)
• Yunnan Pine (云南松)
• Silverwood (银木荷)
• Rock Oak (石栎)
• Qinggang Oak (青冈栎)
• Yuanjiang Oak (元江栲)
• Charming Rhododendron (迷人杜鹃)
• Dewdrop Rhododendron (露珠杜鹃)
• Thin Leaf Rhododendron (薄叶杜鹃)
• Camellia (山茶花)
• Big White Flower Rhododendron (大白花杜鹃)
• Banyan (榕)

Historical Development

In 1933, the Provincial People’s Government (云政发(1993)199号) designated the Shimen Pass (石门关) of Cangshan as a provincial scenic area. In 1994, the State Council (国发(1994)26号) recognized Cangshan and Erhai Lake (洱海) as a national nature reserve.

Glacial Features

The glacial remnants of Cangshan are key objects of protection in this nature reserve. In 1937, H. Feismont proposed the theory of the Dali Ice Age. Renowned geologist Li Siguang (李四光) pointed out in 1972 that there was another ice age in China following the Quaternary Lushan Ice Age. This perspective has since gained widespread acceptance and is recognized as the last ice age of the Quaternary, holding significant value for research, education, exploration, and tourism regarding Earth’s evolution, environmental ecology, and geological landscapes.

Yangbi County Overview

Yangbi County (漾濞彝族自治县) is known as the “Hometown of Chinese Walnuts” (中国核桃之乡) and a “Provincial Historical and Cultural City” (省级历史文化名城). This region is often described as Dali’s hidden paradise.

Shimen Pass (石门关) in Dali

The entrance to the West Slope of Cangshan is marked by the natural Shimen Pass, which resembles a massive axe hewn from rock. This stunning geological formation welcomes visitors as they journey along the picturesque Cangshan waters into Yangbi.

Literary Heritage

Famous literary figures such as Xu Xiake (徐霞客) and Yang Shen (杨慎) have paused here, composing beautiful verses inspired by the surroundings. This area encompasses a blend of natural scenery, hot springs for health, and outdoor activities, being a national AAAA-rated tourist attraction.

Nature and Culture

The area showcases a variety of natural wonders characterized by its majestic, dangerous, unique, beautiful, and secluded landscapes, alongside distinct historical culture, ethnic customs, and local traditions. It forms an integral part of the Cangshan World Geopark, the national scenic area, and a national nature reserve.

Yunshang Village (云上村庄)

For those seeking the beauty of rural landscapes, a visit to Yunshang Village (光明村) in eastern Yangbi County is a must, located just 7 kilometers from Shimen Pass. Nestled among ancient walnut trees, this village exemplifies the phrase “a village in the forest, a courtyard amidst greenery, and people among the scenery.” Visitors can enjoy the sound of cicadas and the stories whispered by ancient trees.

Yunlong Bridge (云龙桥)

Yunlong Bridge in Yangbi is the only surviving ancient bridge on the Southern Silk Road (南方丝绸路). Legend has it that a cloud resembling a dragon appeared here, leading to the bridge’s name. The bridge is an iron chain suspension bridge, with pavilions built at both ends, celebrated for its beauty, referred to as “Flying Rainbow over Yang River” (漾江飞虹). Today, Yunlong Bridge has weathered over a thousand years of storms and remains a remarkable historical site.

Yangbi Walnuts (漾濞核桃)

Yangbi is recognized as the first hometown of walnuts in China, with Yangbi walnuts being a specialty product of the Yangbi Yi Autonomous County (漾濞彝族自治县). They are also a national geographical indication product. These walnuts are known for their large fruit, thin shells, white kernels, and fragrant taste, packed with nutrients. They have earned a reputation as the best in their class, exemplifying the saying: “Yangbi walnuts are unrivaled across the land, leading the way for three thousand years.”

How to Get There

By Bus

• From Dali City (大理市): Take a bus to Yangbi County, which takes about 1-1.5 hours.
• From Yangbi County: Local transportation such as taxis can take you to various attractions.

By Car

Renting a car in Dali is an excellent option. The distance to the West Slope of Cangshan is approximately 70 kilometers, around a 1.5-hour drive. Follow signs to Yangbi County and then to the Cangshan area.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Late February to mid-April for the rhododendron blooms.
• Hiking Gear: Wear comfortable footwear suitable for hiking and exploring the mountainous terrain.
• Respect Local Customs: Acknowledge the cultural significance of the area while enjoying your visit.
• Photography: Bring a camera to capture the stunning landscapes and vibrant flowers.
• Explore Nearby Attractions: Consider visiting Yunlong Bridge and Yunshang Village for a comprehensive experience.

Overview

Located along the banks of a river behind Cangshan Mountain (苍山), Stone Gate Pass features two towering cliffs resembling massive stone doors. The area is marked by cascading streams and waterfalls, creating a stunning natural landscape. Surrounded by steep cliffs, the gorge is deep, with rapid streams flowing through it. Stone Gate Pass is described as a divine creation, embodying the phrase, “一夫当关，万夫莫开” (One man guards the pass, ten thousand cannot open it).

Stone Gate Pass, also known as “Dali Cangshan Stone Gate Pass” (大理苍山石门关), is an essential part of the Cang’er Scenic Area (苍洱景区), which includes Cangshan National Geopark (苍山国家地质公园), a national nature reserve, and a national scenic area. It is located approximately 399 kilometers from Kunming (昆明), 24 kilometers from Dali (大理), and 8 kilometers from Yangbi County (漾濞县). The scenic area spans 28.2 square kilometers and was recognized as a provincial scenic area in 1993 and upgraded to a national AA-level tourist site in 2001.

Notable attractions include:

• Fog Locking Stone Gate (雾锁石门)
• Bell of Fortune (福国晚钟)
• Clear Valley (澄明虚谷)
• Orchid in the Cliff Gorge (崖涧幽兰)
• The Sunset on Cangshan (苍山夕照)

Geographical Features

Stone Gate Pass features a classic canyon landscape, originating from the Jinzhan River (金盏河) at the peak of Cangshan’s Yujufeng (玉局峰). The V-shaped gorge is approximately 1,200 meters long, with the Stone Gate (石门) section extending about 600 meters. The highest points reach elevations of 2,321.8 meters (金盔寺) on the northern cliff and 1,760 meters on the southern cliff.

The rocky formations consist of gneiss and marble, with the southern side known as Cuiping Mountain (翠屏山) and the northern side as Qingliang Mountain (清凉山). The vegetation is primarily composed of secondary Yunnan pine (云南松), oil cedar (滇油杉), and various subtropical broadleaf trees. Stone Gate Pass is recognized as one of the “Sixteen Scenic Views of Yangbi” (漾濞古十六景).

Historical Records

The famous Ming Dynasty traveler Xu Xiake (徐霞客) described his visit to Stone Gate Pass, noting its breathtaking views: “因矫首东望，忽云气迸坼，露出青芙蓉两片，插地…” (As I gazed east, the clouds suddenly parted to reveal the blue hibiscus, standing proudly).

Local Cuisine

The Bai (白族) people have a distinct culinary style characterized by flavors of sour, spicy, sweet, and a hint of numbness. Influenced by Han cuisine and Buddhist vegetarian practices, popular dishes include:

• Stir-fried Fish (炒锅鱼)
• Dali Rice Cakes (大理饵块)
• Braised Meat in Willow Baskets (柳条蒸肉)

The Bai people also practice a unique tea ceremony known as “Three Courses of Tea” (三道茶), which features a progression of flavors: bitter, sweet, and lingering. Renowned restaurants in Dali’s ancient city are concentrated along Huguo Road (护国路), offering both local and international cuisine.

Accommodation

Dali Yaxing Hotel (大理亚星大饭店)

Constructed to international five-star standards, this hotel features a smoke-free floor and dedicated rooms for female guests. Located close to Cangshan and Erhai Lake (洱海), it is just a ten-minute walk from the ancient city of Dali. The hotel boasts ethnic decor, 310 guest rooms, and a restaurant that can accommodate 600 diners.

How to Get There

From Dali (下关) to Yangbi (漾濞), the distance is approximately 38 kilometers. Take a minibus from the Xiguan West Bus Station (下关西站) for a fare of about 10 RMB.

Travel Tips

• The scenic area is open year-round, Monday to Friday, from 08:00 to 18:30.
• Be sure to explore nearby attractions like Gantong Temple (感通寺) and Qingbi Creek (清碧溪) along the specially designated tourism route.
• Don’t miss out on local walnut products when visiting Yangbi, famous for their large size and rich flavor.

Overview

Cangshan Shenci Temple (苍山神祠) is situated about 2000 meters west of Dali Ancient City (大理古城) in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (大理白族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省). Nestled at the southern foot of Zhonghe Peak (中和峰) of Cangshan Mountain (苍山), the temple faces Zhongxi River (中溪) and is bordered by the mountains to the west and north. Originally constructed during the Nanzhao period (南诏), the temple features renovations from the Qing Dynasty (清) during the Jiaqing (嘉庆) and Daoguang (道光) reigns.

Cangshan Shenci Temple holds historical significance as the site of the alliance between Nanzhao and the Tang Dynasty (唐朝). The complex includes a gate tower, a main hall, and two side pavilions, covering an area of 1411 square meters, designed in a traditional quadrangle layout. The main hall consists of five bays, with a hipped roof measuring 14 meters in length, 8 meters in height, and 10.3 meters in depth. The gate tower features a single-eave hard roof, with a width of 10.2 meters and a depth of 7 meters, also accommodating a stage at the back.

Historical Significance

Cangshan Shenci Temple is recognized as a witness to historical events that reflect ethnic unity and national integrity. In September 1985, the Dali Municipal People’s Government designated it as a key cultural relic protection unit at the municipal level. In December 1987, the Yunnan Provincial People’s Government recognized it as a key provincial-level cultural relic.

Historical Evolution

• Nanzhao Period: The temple was first established.
• Ming Dynasty: Rebuilt in the 7th year of Jiajing (1528) and again in the 31st year (1552).
• Qing Dynasty: Underwent significant restoration in the 31st year of Kangxi (1692) and during the Guangxu reign (1875-1908) after being damaged in the Xianfeng (1851-1861) and Tongzhi (1862-1874) periods.
• Republic of China: Restored in 1945 by local elites.
• 1988: Fundraising efforts led to further repairs by the community.

Architectural Layout

The architectural design of Cangshan Shenci Temple follows a quadrangle layout, featuring a gate tower, one main hall, and two side pavilions. The main hall’s central stone tablet, inscribed with “Chifu Diancang Zhaoming Zhengguo Lingdi Shenwei” (敕封点苍昭明镇国灵帝神位), emphasizes the temple’s cultural and historical importance.

The temple’s design includes:

• Main Hall:
  • Five-bay structure
  • Hipped roof design
  • Dimensions: 14 meters long, 8 meters high, and 10.3 meters deep.
• Gate Tower:
  • Single-eave hard roof
  • Width: 10.2 meters; Depth: 7 meters
  • Contains a stage at the back.

The temple serves as the local deity’s main temple for seven nearby villages outside the western gate of Dali Ancient City.

Cultural Relics

In 1947, the temple erected the “Stele of Renovation of Cangshan Temple” and the “Stele of the Enfeoffment of Diancang Zhaoming Zhengguo Lingdi,” both reflecting the temple’s significance in Nanzhao’s history. One notable inscription is a poem embedded in the temple’s corridor:

“钦哉姓名，金重九首；
正直居心，怒目张口；
原本武士，扶三尺剑；
漫说貌丑，蹈足舞手；
邪魔一见，掉头而走；
怯懦一见，汗下三斗。”

This poem depicts the upright character of Zhong Gan (钟尴), illustrating a virtuous and brave figure.

Additionally, an eastern wall bears a poem celebrating the region’s beauty:

“西南雄阔地，苍洱大名垂。
众壑雪同古，此峰云更奇。
神灵趋白帝，风雨下金支。
莫问劫尘事，仙人方弈棋。”

This verse praises the grandeur of Dali’s landscapes.

Cultural and Historical Context

Cangshan Shenci Temple is closely linked to the historical event known as the “Cangshan Alliance” (苍山会盟). According to tradition, the temple’s main deity is Du Guangting (杜光庭), who is said to have written the inscription on the “Dehua Stele” (德化碑). Historical texts indicate that during the Nanzhao period, the fifth king, Ge Luofeng (阁罗凤), experienced the devastating Tianbao War, which strained relations between the Tang and Nanzhao kingdoms.

In an effort to restore peace, the sixth king, Yi Moxun (异牟寻), sought to re-establish diplomatic relations with the Tang Dynasty. In 793, he dispatched envoys to Chang’an (长安) to negotiate peace, resulting in the signing of an alliance document, with copies placed at various locations, including Cangshan Shenci Temple.

Archaeological and Cultural Value

Cangshan Shenci Temple is not only a significant historical site but also a symbol of national unity and harmony among different ethnic groups in China. Its architectural and cultural relics provide insights into the region’s rich history and the interactions between the Tang Dynasty and the Nanzhao kingdom.

Travel Information

How to Get There

Cangshan Shenci Temple is accessible from Dali Ancient City. Visitors can take a taxi or rent a bike for a scenic ride through the picturesque landscapes. The approximate travel time is around 10-15 minutes by vehicle. For public transportation, local buses frequently operate between the ancient city and various attractions in the area.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn offer mild weather, making it ideal for exploring the temple and surrounding areas.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying local Dali dishes, such as “Crossing the Bridge Noodles” (过桥米线) and various mushroom dishes.
• Respect Local Customs: When visiting, be respectful of the temple’s religious significance and local traditions. Dress modestly and maintain a quiet demeanor.
• Photography: The temple’s architecture and the surrounding natural beauty provide excellent opportunities for photography. Be sure to capture the intricate details of the structures and the stunning views of Cangshan Mountain.

With its rich history, architectural beauty, and cultural significance, Cangshan Shenci Temple offers a captivating glimpse into the past and a serene environment for reflection and appreciation of Yunnan’s heritage.

Mocui Tea House and Tea Plantation is located in Taoxigu Valley of Cangshan Mountain. Tourists can pick tea in Taoxigu Valley Tea Plantation and learn how to cook tea in the workshop. Taoxigu Valley is located in the halfway of Cangshan Mountain, you can have a panoramic view of Erhai Lake from a far.

Chinese Name: 大理苍山桃溪谷
English Name: Taoxigu Valley in Cangshan, Dali

Overview

Taoxigu Valley is a scenic area located within Cangshan Mountain, Dali, Yunnan. It is renowned for its pristine natural beauty and rich ecological resources. The valley is nestled at an altitude of around 2,200 meters and is adjacent to the famous Chongsheng Temple.

Attractions

1. Taoxigu Creek

• Description: Taoxigu Creek originates from the snow-capped peaks of Cangshan Mountain, flowing continuously throughout the year. The creek is known for its clear, untainted waters.
• Activities: Visitors can explore the creek and its surroundings, enjoying the fresh mountain air and picturesque scenery.

2. Ecological Tea Garden

• Tea Variety: The valley features a 100-acre ecological tea garden with Yunnan large-leaf tea trees aged over 50 years.
• Experience: Guests can learn about traditional tea cultivation and processing, and participate in tea picking and making activities.

3. Villas and Accommodation

• Villas: The resort includes eight uniquely styled villas set against the backdrop of the valley’s stunning landscape.
• Views: The villas offer breathtaking views of the surrounding mountains and valleys.

Best Time to Visit

• Climate: The region benefits from a mild plateau monsoon climate, making it suitable for visits throughout the year.
• Recommended Duration: A visit can typically be enjoyed in 3-4 hours, allowing time to explore the key attractions and enjoy the natural beauty.

Activities and Highlights

• Nature Immersion: Experience the beauty of Cangshan’s high-altitude environment and enjoy the serene landscapes.
• Tea Experience: Explore the historical and ecological significance of the tea gardens, and take part in tea-making activities.
• Scenic Beauty: Enjoy the spectacular views of the valley, with opportunities for leisurely walks and photography.

Additional Information

• Local Agriculture: The area is known for its organic farming practices, including the cultivation of vegetables and the raising of local livestock.
• Dining: The resort offers fresh, healthy food sourced from local produce, including vegetables free of pesticides and chemical fertilizers.

Taoxigu Valley is a destination that combines natural beauty with cultural and ecological experiences, making it an ideal spot for relaxation and exploration in Dali.

Experience Introduction

For a deep connection with nature, visit the Mo Cui Tea House at Taoxigu Eco-Tourism Resort. Located in the scenic area of Cangshan Taoxigu Valley, the tea garden offers a unique experience. With tea trees about 70 years old, the environment is perfect for producing high-quality, organic tea. The area provides stunning views of Dali ancient city and Erhai Lake. Enjoy the beauty of blooming flowers in spring and the soothing sounds of streams in summer. Engage in tea picking, enjoy the mountain breeze, and savor tea made with your own hands. The experience is both relaxing and rewarding, allowing you to create a personal tea blend infused with the essence of the mountains.

Yunnan Travel Guide

Things To Do

• Yunnan Overview
• Yunnan Attractions
• Yunnan Tours
• Yunnan Shopping
• Yunnan Culture
• Festivals and Activities

Travel Information

• Yunnan Travel Tips
• Yunnan Climate
• Yunnan Transportation
• Yunnan Maps
• Yunnan Photos
• Yunnan Dining
• Yunnan Accommodation
• Yunnan Education
• Yunnan Travel News
• Administrative Divisions

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