Bao Gen – Inheritor of Zhizha Paper Art in Yunlong County, Dali 

大理州云龙县漕涧镇纸扎技艺传承人 – 包根

http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13111-2737.html

Yu Ao – Versatile Bai Folk Artist in Dali City, Dali 

大理市白族民间文化艺人 – 于鏊

http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13111-2735.html

Che Ge – Inheritor of Hani Folk Music in Honghe County, Honghe-01

Basic Information

Name: Che Ge(车格), the Inheritor of Hani Folk Music
Sex: Female
Race: Hani Ethnic Minority
Birth: Born in 1965
Hometown: Luome Village, Puchun Village Committee of Azahe Township, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture.(红河哈尼族彝族自治州红河县阿扎河乡普春村委会罗么村)

Life Experience

Che Ge(车格) began to learn Hani folk song from Ma Alou(马阿楼) in 1974. She mainly studied Hani folk songs and songs for funeral and weeding. In 1985, she began to learn all kinds of songs and techniques of polyphonic folk songs of the Hani people. She was the leading singer of the Hani polyphonic folk song Wuchuaci(吾处阿茨) and Ouloulanlou(欧楼兰楼).

Reputation

She is the indispensable backbone inheritor of the polyphonic folk songs of the Hani Ethnic Minority.Chege is also proficient in Hani traditional funeral songs and wedding songs, and has a wide influence in the local area. She has been invited to participate in performances at home and abroad on many occasions. In 2003, she participated in the “Western Folk Song Competition(西部民歌大赛)” of CCTV. In the same year, she was named a folk artist by the Honghe Cultural Bureau(红河州文化局) and the Prefecture Ethnic Affairs Commission(州民族事务委员会). At present, she has five female apprentices, such as Bai Doushou(白斗收), Cheboyi(车波衣), Chebaiyou(车白优) and Chen Peiyou(陈皮优).

Chinese Version: http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13110-815.html
Translated by Translated by Emily -Wang/王海玲 

Basic Information

Name: Dazhen Qupi(达珍区批), Inheritor of Tibetan Guozhuang Dance(藏族锅庄舞)
Sex: Male
Race: Tibetan Ethnic Minority
Birth: Born in 1931
Hometown: Liebu resident group of Xinlian Village, Dongwang Township, Shangri-la County, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture(迪庆藏族自治州香格里拉县东旺乡新联村列布居民小组).

Guozhuang Dance

Guozhuang Dance(锅庄舞) of Dongwang Township(东旺乡) is unique in style. The lyrics are beautiful, the dance posture is solemn and steady, the step is simple and elegant. Once comes to New Year’s Day, festival, wedding or house building in the village, there would be an all-night Guozhuang dance.

Life Experience

Grandpa Wengmu(翁姆) and Grandma Dazhen Buchi(达珍布尺) are the village’s famous Guozhuang dancers and ceremony hosts. Under the guidance of grandpa and grandma, Dazhen Qupi(达珍区批) masters all kinds of dance styles of Guozhuang dance, sings more than 40 different tunes, and can also plays Eagle Bone Flute(鹰骨笛). He can host weeding, funeral, sacrifice and other activities. Formed his unique style and characteristics, Dazhen Qupi gained reputation in the local area, became a highly respected artist.

Reputation

Many young and middle-aged people came to visit and learn from Dazhen Qupi. They are always warmly received and taught. Now there are more than 30 apprentices, such as Zhshi Peichu(扎史培楚), Duji Peichu(都吉培楚), Gerong Qilin(格茸七林), Niangnian(娘念), Lurong Wangdui(鲁茸旺堆), Shilu Niangnian(史律娘念), Buchi Niangniaan(布尺娘念), and Arong Qupi(阿茸区批), all over Dongwang(东旺), Gezan(格咱) and Jiantang Town(建塘镇). They have gradually grown into representatives of local Guozhuang Dance.

Chinese Version: http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13110-819.html
Translated by Translated by Emily -Wang/王海玲 

Xu Guilian – Representative Artist of Tibetan Guozhuang Dance in Deqin County, Diqing-01

Basic Information

Name: Xu Guilian(徐桂莲): Inheritor of Tibetan Guozhuang Dance(藏族锅庄舞)
Sex:Female
Race: Tibetan Ethnic Minority
Birth: Born in 1944
Hometown: Ximugong Resident Group of Benzilan Village, Benzilan Town, Deqin County, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture(迪庆藏族自治州德钦县奔子栏镇奔子栏村习木贡居民小组).

Experience

Xu Guilian(徐桂莲) loved Tibetan folk songs and dances from childhood, especially Guozhuang dance. Xu Guilian persisted in attending Guozhuang Dance (锅庄舞) for a long time, and learned from many experienced artists such as Gema(格玛) of Benzilan Ximugong Resident Group(奔子栏习木贡居民小组). Through that, she accumulated abundant Guozhuang lyrics, songs and dances, and systematically mastered various dance routines of Benzilan Guozhuang Dance(奔子栏锅庄舞), and gradually became a good local folk singer and dancer.

Reputation

Xu Guilian has participated in the Guozhuang Dance Performance Team(锅庄舞表演队) of the First Diqing Shangri-La Art Festival(首届迪庆香格里拉艺术节) and has participated in many provincial and county-level artistic performances. In October, 1999, as one of the representative artists of Guozhaung Dance with Benzilan characteristics, she went to Japan to attend the International Folk Art Festival(国际民间艺术节). In 2002, Xu Guilian was named Yunnan Folk Dancer(云南省民间舞蹈艺人) by Yunnan Culture Department(云南省文化厅) and Yunnan Ethnic Affairs Committee(云南省民族事务委员会).

Guozhuang

Diqing Tibetan Guozhuang Dance(迪庆藏族锅庄舞) is most representative in Benzilan Town of Deqin County(德钦县奔子栏镇), Zhantang Town of Shangri-la County(香格里拉县沾塘镇) and Xiaozhongdian Town(小中甸镇). Dance steps can be divided into three categories, namely “Guozhuo(郭卓)”, “Kuzhuo(枯卓)”, “Pazhuo(帕卓)”. Benzilan Guozhuan(奔子栏锅庄) is rich in local color. Its tunes are divided into four parts: Yao(吆), Zhuoji(卓金”), Xiazuo(霞卓) and Zhuocao(卓草).

Chinese Version: http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13110-820.html
Translated by Translated by Emily -Wang/王海玲 

Lu Xiaozong – Inheritor of Bailuo Folk Dance in Malipo County, Wenshan-01

Basic Information

Name: Lu xiaozong(陆孝宗): Bronze Drum Dance Inheritor
Sex: Male
Race: Yi Ethnic Minority (Bailuo people)
Birth: Born in December, 1949
Hometown: Chengzhai Village, Xinzhai township, Malipo County, Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture.(文山壮族苗族自治州麻栗坡县新寨乡城寨村)

Life Experience

When Lu Xiaozong(陆孝宗) was young, he worshiped Lu Renrong(陆任荣) as a teacher and studied folk instruments and dances. In folk activities such as festivals, he pays great attention to learning from folk artists who master folk songs and dances. Lu Xiaozong has mastered more than 20 kinds of traditional Yi folk dances, such as Bronze Drum Dance(铜鼓舞), Erhu Dance(二胡舞), Qiaocai Dance(荞菜舞), Moon Dance(月亮舞), etc. He can sing more than 150 folk songs such as Yi epic and House-building Song(建房歌), Moon song, Qiaocai Song(荞菜歌), and so on. He can also play Bronze Drum, Erhu(二胡), Flute and other musical instruments. Lu Xiaozong can not only dance, sing and play, but also tell about the content, meaning, legend of these folk songs and dances and their origin, formation and evolution.

Reputation

In 1992, the team lead by Lu Xiaozong won the Gold Prize of the Third China Art Festival(第三届中国艺术节). He also participated in many national folk art performance competitions and won many prizes. He has also been interviewed by experts, scholars and media from Japan, Germany, the United States, Australia, Taiwan, Beijing, Kunming and other countries. He is an influential inheritor of traditional culture in Malipo County.

Chinese Version:
http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13110-821.html
http://www.ihchina.cn/Article/Index/detail?id=1272

Translated by Translated by Emily -Wang/王海玲 

Basic Information

Name: Yue Xiang(约相): the Inheritor of Dai Peacock Dance(傣族孔雀舞)
Sex: Male
Race: Dai Ethnic Minority
Birth:Born in 1948
Hometown: Jiedong Village, Mengmao Town, Ruili City, Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture.(德宏傣族景颇族自治州瑞丽市勐卯镇姐东村)

Life Experiece

Yue Xiang(约相) loved Peacock Dance from an early age. When he was young, he practiced peacock dance with the peacock dance master, Shuaigen sabu(帅哏撒卜) and Mao Xiang(毛相). He raises peacocks, observes their living habits and movements, puts them into the forest and observes their strolling, playing, showing wings and so on. He applies peacocks’ graceful postures such as entering the forest, taking off, falling asleep, waking up, drinking water and showing wings and so on to peacock dancing. Therefore, he dances peacock dancing so well. As a peacock dancer, at the age of 18, Yue Xiang became a well-known peacock dancer. He also created a unique set of Peacock Boxing(孔雀拳), which innovated and developed the traditional peacock dance.

Reputation

He participated in national performances and competitions held by the Ministry of Culture twice and won awards, and twice performed Peacock Boxing in the National Minority Games(全国少数民族运动会) and won awards. He has also been invited to perform and exchange culture in Shenzhen(深圳), Guangzhou(广州), Taiwan(台湾) and Myanmar. Art schools and performing groups in Beijing(北京), Shanghai(上海) and Sichuan(四川) have come to Ruili to learn peacock dance from him. At present, he has trained more than 20 peacock dance inheritors, among whom his sons, daughters-in-law, grandsons and granddaughters are all the peacock dancer. It plays an important role in the inheritance and development of the peacock dance.

Chinese Version:
http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13110-823.html
http://www.ihchina.cn/Article/Index/detail?id=1274

Translated by Translated by Emily -Wang/王海玲 

Bi Huayu – “Bi Mo” Priest of Yi Ethnic Minority in Shilin County, Kunming-01

Basic Information

Name: Bi Huayu(毕华玉): the Inheritor of Ashima
Sex: Male
Race: Yi Ethnic Minority  (Sani people)
Birth: Born in 1953
Hometown: Hei Village, Xijie Town, Shilin Yi Autonomous County, Kunming City(昆明市石林彝族自治县西街镇黑村)

Life Experience

Bi Huayu(毕华玉) is the Inheritor of Ashima,and one of the famous Bimo(毕摩,which means priest) in Shilin County. Born in a Bimo family, he was influenced by his family environment and loved folk ritual and sacrificial ceremonies. When he was 34 years old, he inherited his father’s career, formally worshiped his father and cousin as teachers, and studied Yi language and folk etiquette. When he was 35 years old, he held the funeral ceremony for the first time for a family in the village and was praised. From then on, he began his career as a ceremonial host. Through years of continuous learning, Bi Huayu’s folk cultural knowledge and etiquette have been sublimated. He can host more than 60 kinds of folk ritual ceremonies such as Mizhi(密枝), Nimu(尼姆), funerals, Shuzhu(竖柱), Zhuanbu(占卜) and so on.

Reputation

Bi Huayu was master in Yi and Chinese language. In 1994, he was hired by Shilin County Ethnic Affairs Committee(石林县民族事务委员会) to participate in the collation and translation of ancient Yi ethnic books. He participated in the collation and publication of five sets of ancient Yi ethnic books, including Sacrifices to the Rites(《祭祀》), Sacrifice Words of Mizhi(《密枝祭词》) and Ancient Songs of Diming(《地明古歌》). He also participated in the filming of the Festivals Under the Star (《星空下的节日》) and Healthy Star(《健康之星》) and other TV serials. He had received visits from French, Japanese, American and Korean scholars.

Chinese Version: http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13110-806.html
Translated by Translated by Emily -Wang/王海玲 

Basic Information

Name: Wang Yufang (王玉芳), Inheritor of the Yi Epopee Ashima(阿诗玛)
Sex: Female
Race: Yi Ethnic Minority (Sani People)
Birth: Born in 1941
Hometown: Yizheng Village, Changhu Town, Shilin Yi Autonomous County, Kunming City(昆明市石林彝族自治县长湖镇宜政村)

Life Experience

Influenced by her family and the strong traditional culture of the Yi people around her, Wang Yufang(王玉芳) began to learn to sing the Gaimi(该谜, which means love song), Xi tune(喜调), Curse tune(骂调) and other folk songs at the age of 16, following her mother and the folk ballad master in the village. Especially when she was grazing in the mountains, she often listened to the tunes of herd boys and girls, and learn from them. She gained a good voice and improved her singing skills. Wang Yufang mastered the classic folk songs of Sani of the Yi ethnic people, such as Shepherd Girl(牧羊姑娘), Guishan Rainbow(圭山彩虹), Bamboo Leaves Evergreen(竹叶长青) and Kuhou Tune(库吼调).

Reputation

Wang Yufang especially good at the long oral narrative poem Ashima in the Sani language. Different versions and several singing forms are singing freely by her. The lyrics and melodies of Wang Yufang are simple and touching, with strong local color. She is praised by the Sani people as the living Ashima among the people.
Due to her excellent singing skills, Wang Yufang has won numerous awards in successive Yi ethnic folk song competitions. She was often invited to sing folk songs by surrounding counties such as Mile(弥勒) and Luxi(泸西). Currently, wang yufang’s apprentices include Jin Rongfen(金荣芬) and Pu Rui(普瑞).

Chinese Version: http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13110-807.html
Translated by Translated by Emily -Wang/王海玲 

Profile

He Xun(和训,1926.08-2009.), named Wenzhiwa(温之娃) in Dongba language is the inheritor of Dongba Painting of Naxi Ethnic Minority(纳西族东巴画) in Yulong County(玉龙县), Lijiang(丽江). 

Dongba in Naxi Ethnic Minority

In Naxi, people who can be called Dongba must have a comprehensive grasp of Dongba culture and be able to carry on the overall inheritance. Painting is a necessary condition for Dongba. The Naxi ethnic groups worship and sacrifice these images on paintings.

Personal Experiences

He  was born in the family of Dongba(东巴) and is the sixth generation of his family. His Dongba paintings are inherited from his father Dongba He Er(和尔).When He Xun was 6 years old, he followed his father He Er Dongba who is named Dongsha  in Dongba langueage to learn Dongba characters, Dongba paintings and rituals, as well as to learn the skills of making masks(面具), cards(课牌), paper-cutting(剪纸) and paper-binding(纸扎技艺). When he was young, he became the sixth generation of Dongba in Shuming village(暑明村)  after passing the test of Zhizhan ceremony(汁沾仪式) . He Xun knows a lot of Dongba characters, is familiar with various Dongba dances, and can host large-scale Dongba sacrificial activities. He has hosted hundreds of sacrificial activities. Every sacrificial activity must draw a batch of Dongba paintings and abandon the paintings which is used after sacrificial activity. Therefore, his painting ability and expressive skills are constantly improving. Most of his works are about various gods, Buddhas, animals and plants, demons and monsters, and all kinds of magic instruments.

The Kinds of Sacrifices in Naxi

There are mainly prayer sacrifices(祈福类祭祀), such as offering sacrifices to heaven(祭天), sacrifices  Shu(祭署), sacrifices Gu Gods(祭谷神), sacrifices Zhai Gods(祭寨神), sacrifices Su Gods and prolonging longevity(延寿);  Ranggui(禳鬼)which means against with evil, such as sacrificial wind(祭风), sacrificial filth(祭秽), sacrificial Dai ghosts(祭呆鬼), sacrificial Duan ghosts(祭端鬼), eliminating disasters(消灾), inviting ghosts(招魂), eliminating the fight of right and wrong ; funeral rituals(丧葬仪式), such as funeral sacrifices(丧葬祭祀), rituals of releasing souls from purgatory(超度仪式), etc

Chinese Version:http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13110-808.html
Translated by Olive/张银芳

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Personal Profile

He Xun, male, Naxi nationality. Born in 1926,  Yilong Village Committee(依陇村委会), Tacheng and Rural Areas(塔城乡), Yulong Naxi Autonomous County(玉龙纳西族自治县), Lijiang City. He is a prestigious Dongba (priest) who is a well-known host of civic etiquette activities in Lijiang.

He Xun and Naxi Folk Ritual Activities

He Xun was born in Dongba family. At the age of 6, he followed his father and Erda Dongba (尔大东巴)(Dongba is called Dongsha) to learn Dongba characters, Dongba paintings and rituals. He also learned how to make masks, cards, paper-cut and paper-tie. After passing the test of “Juzhan” (汁沾)ceremony, he became the sixth generation of Dongba in summer village and family name when he was young, and Dongba was named “Wenzhiwa”(温之娃).

Achievements

He Xun knows a lot of Dongba characters, is familiar with various Dongba dances, and can host large-scale Dongba sacrificial activities. There are mainly prayer sacrifices, such as sacrificing the heavens, sacrificing the “Department”, sacrificing the grain gods, sacrificing the village gods, sacrificing the grain gods, sacrificing the grain gods, sacrificing the vegetable gods, prolonging life, etc. The rituals of sacrificing ghosts, such as sacrificing wind, sacrificing filth, sacrificing ghosts, eliminating disasters, inviting ghosts, eliminating gossip, etc. and funeral rituals, such as funeral sacrif.

Chinese Version: http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13110-3183.html
Translated by Winnie/张赢

Profile

Si Huazhang(思华章,1923-2011) is the Master of Paper-cuts of Dai Ethnic Minority(傣族剪纸) in Mangshi(芒市), Dehong(德宏).He is also a renowned master of  painting(绘画), metalworking(金工), sculpture(雕刻), etc., He is called as Sananong(撒那弄) by local Dai ethnic groups. 

Achievement

In June 1999, Sihua Zhang was named Yunnan National Folk Art Artist(云南民族民间美术大师) by Yunnan Provincial Culture Department(云南省文化厅). On August 20, 2010, Chinese paper-cut was officially selected as the Catalogue of Human Intangible Cultural Heritage Representatives(人类非物质文化遗产目录) by the UNESCO(联合国教科文组织), and Paper-cuts of Dai Ethnic Minority was subsequently selected as a sub-project of China. And Si Huazhang has been officially listed as the sole inheritor of the Paper-cuts of Dai Ethnic Mitority.

Personal Experiences

He was interested in folk crafts and Paper-cuts of Dai Ethnic Minority when he was young. At 20 years old, he learned paper-cutting skills from Yangba(杨八), master of Dai ethnic folk crafts.

Paper-cuts of Dai Ethnic Minority is influenced not only by the Theravada(上座部佛教), but also by the Han culture, forming a paper-cutting art with national characteristics and regional style.

His paper-cuts works are simple, vivid and beautiful in shape. Using paper, cloth and bamboo as materials, he has cut peacock, elephant, phoenix, dragon, figure, flower, insect and bird patterns. They have strong national style, rigorous and unified composition and exquisite craftsmanship.

He also used knives, scissors, saws and other tools and some small chisels of different shapes to make Buddhist implements(赕佛器具) such as Buddhist umbrellas(佛伞) and Buddhist banner(佛幡) and other decorative materials for national buildings, which broadened the application field of Dai ethnic paper-cutting art and extended and developed the paper-cutting technology.

His works have participated in various folk arts and crafts exhibitions held by prefectures and municipalities for many times, and have been exhibited in Dalian, Shenzhen, Qinhuangdao and other places.

Chinese Version:http://www.ynich.cn/view.php?id=809&cat_id=13110
Translated by Olive/张银芳

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• Shilin County
• Stone Forest
• Yi Ethnic Minority

He Xun – Inheritor of Dongba Painting of Naxi Ethnic Minority in Yulong County, Lijiang 

Profile He Xun(和训,1926.08-2009.), named Wenzhiwa(温之娃) in Dongba language is the inheritor of Dongba Painting of Naxi Ethnic Minority(纳西族东巴画) in Yulong County(玉龙县), Lijiang(丽江).  Dongba in Naxi Ethnic Minority In Naxi,...

Culture    Veiw

• Inheritors of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Lijiang
• Lijiang
• Naxi Ethnic Minority
• Yulong County

He Xun – Well-known Ceremony Master of  Naxi Folk Ritual Activities in Yulong County, Lijiang

Personal Profile He Xun, male, Naxi nationality. Born in 1926,  Yilong Village Committee(依陇村委会), Tacheng and Rural Areas(塔城乡), Yulong Naxi Autonomous County(玉龙纳西族自治县), Lijiang City. He is a prestigious Dongba (priest)...

Culture    Veiw

• Inheritors of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Lijiang
• Lijiang
• Naxi Ethnic Minority
• Yulong County

Si Huazhang – Master of Paper-cuts of Dai Ethnic Minority in Mangshi, Dehong 

Profile Si Huazhang(思华章,1923-2011) is the Master of Paper-cuts of Dai Ethnic Minority(傣族剪纸) in Mangshi(芒市), Dehong(德宏).He is also a renowned master of  painting(绘画), metalworking(金工), sculpture(雕刻), etc., He is called as...

Culture    Veiw

• Dai Ethnic Minority
• Dehong
• Inheritors of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Dehong
• Mangshi