Four Strategic Passes of the Ming Dynasty
In 22nd year during the reign of Wangli in the Ming Dynasty (1594), Chen Yongbin, governor of Yunnan applied with the central government to set up eight defending passes in the frontier areas of Yunnan, and four of them were within the territory of Yingjiang.
Ma Jiali Event
In 1875 during the reign of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty, Ma Jiali, a grade-two interpreter with the English Consulate led English army to invade into Mangyun of Yingjiang and aroused so intense anger among local people that they killed him later. This was the world-shocking “Ma Jiali Event”. Later, the government of the Qing Dynasty was forced to sign with the British Government the Sino-Britain Yantai Treaty, which humiliated the Chinese Nation and forfeited its sovereignty.
The Ancient Zhina Blockhouse was one of the six stone blockhouses built along the important lines for frontier defense sake by Hu Qirong(in 1823 during the reign of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty), an official of Tengyue District after his application with the central government.
The Mother Rubber Tree of China grows on the hillside of the Phoenix Mountain of Xincheng City. It was introduced from Malaysia in 1904 by Dao Anren, a Dai forerunner of democratic revolution. It was the earliest rubber tree to be implanted in China.
Dao Anren (1872-1913), 23rd Magistrate Ganya of the 21st generation, once studied in Japan and joined the China Democratic League as a follower of Mr. Sun Yat-sen. He was one of the major leaders of the Tengyue Uprising. The Bill of the Xincheng Bank was printed by Dao Anren in 33rd year during the reign of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1907) when he studied in Japan in preparation for the establishment of agricultural and industrial entity in China.
Yingjiang county became part of Chinese territory for the first time in the Western Han dynasty. It was under control of Yizhou Prefecture (益州郡) (Yìzhōu jùn) in the Western Han dynasty. During the Eastern Han, the Shu Han, the Western Jin, and the Eastern Jin, it was governed by Ailao county (哀牢縣) (Āiláo xiàn), Yongchang Prefecture (永昌郡) (Yŏngchāng jùn), and then by Xicheng county (西城縣) (Xīchéng xiàn) from the Southern Qi dynasty in 479.
Actually, from 320s on, the Cuan (爨) (Cuàn) family began to control Yunnan. China was very unstable during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and the central governments had no force to control Yunnan. The Cuan family took the strategy by which they recognized the nominal sovereignty of the central governments while remaining themselves as the real local rulers. In this way, the Cuan family had controlled Yunnan for more than 400 years until it was conquered by Nanzhao in 769.
Yingjiang was ruled by Nanzhao and later by Dali from the 8th to the 13th century and hence was not governed by China during the Tang dynasty and the Song dynasty. It was conquered by the Mongols and again became part of the Chinese territory. During the Ming dynasty and the Qing dynasty, Yingjiang was governed by local chiefs under the “Tusi system” (土司制度) (Tŭsī Zhìdù), i.e. the Native Chieftain system, in which the central government had the nominal sovereignty.
In early 1990s, Yingjiang was approved to be a provincial-level port (grade two at the national level) by the People’s Government of Yunnan Province.
For centuries, people of Han, Dai, Jingpo, Lisu, De’ang and Achang have lived in this piece of rich land prosperously. They nourished a special and colorful national culture of them. Here, visitors can witness the thousand-year-old but still unfailing Dai Opera, the breathtaking “Guangbang” Drum Dance, the lyrical “Wenbeng” Greeting Melody, and the boisterous Three-string Dance. In addition, there are several national festivals such as the Water-splashing Festival, Munao Zongge Festival and Kuoshi Festival that are like many bunches of blooming flowers and cups of intoxicating wine.
Yingjiang County, located in Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province, offers a variety of entertainment options that highlight the region’s natural beauty, cultural diversity, and traditional festivities. Here are some key entertainment activities and attractions in Yingjiang County:
Yingjiang County offers a blend of natural beauty, cultural richness, and traditional entertainment, making it an exciting destination for travelers looking to experience the authentic charm of Yunnan Province.
At the mention of Yingjiang County Culture, ethnic culture and Buddhist culture are the highlights of Yingjiang County. The perfect combination of ethnic and Buddhist culture can be seen here.
Yunnan is a kingdom of ethnic minorities, Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture proves it. There are 5 original ethnic groups in Dehong, Dai, Jingpo, De’ang, Lisu and Achang, who live together generation by generation. These ethnic minority live cross border. They keep the trade contacts and cultural exchanges. The original inhabitants of Yingjiang plain are mainly Dai ethnic minority, an ethnic minority with a long history and civilization. The men are gentle and kind, and the women are elegant and hardworking. The mountainous residents are mainly Jingpo people. This is a minority that migrated from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in ancient times. They are brave and unrestrained. Here, travelers can dance with the elegant ethnic girls and play the drum with the strong boys. Dancing peacocks and beautiful songs will gain your attentions. The representative festivals covers Water-splashing Festival of Dai, Munaozongge of Jingpo, Kuoshi Festival of Lisu and Aluwoluo Festival of Achang. Otherwise, Hinayana Buddhism is the major religion in Dehong. Dai and De’ang ethnic minorities believe in it. The pagodas and Zhuangfang (temple in Dai villages) are built in every Dai villages, which are the typical architectures in Dehong. The representative architectures is the Yunyan Pagoda. Most of villages will pray in Zhuangfang and pagodas in certain time. Jingpo people worship nature and their ancestors, which can be seen in their sacrifice ceremony. In general, ethnic culture is the essential part of Dehong.
Longchuan is under the ministration of Buwei county of Yizhou Prefecture, Han Dynasty.
In Tang Dynasty, Longchuan is governed by Yongchang.
Until year, 1950, Longchuan is free as a independent county.
Dehong was called “Ancient Mengmao Kingdom” in the recording of The Pattra Sutra; it was named as the “Dianyue Elephant Riding Kingdom” under the pen of Simaqian. Dehong is not only the outlet of the ancient “The Southwest Silk Road of China”, but also the outlet of the Yunnan-Myanmar Road. At present,it is still the golden port leading to South Asia and Southeast Asia. Since its founding in 1953, the Dehong Dai-Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture has been a great concern of the leaders of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council.
Long before, Longchuan was a part of Mengwan of Dai people. It was Ailao County under Yongchang Prefecture in the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220AD) (having jurisdiction over Dehong District). In the Ming Dynasty, the central government administrated Longchuan by setting up Xuanfu Office. In 1952, Longchuan County was set.
Many citizens of Dehong Prefecture belong to the Jingpo-nation ethnic group, an official minority in the People’s Republic of China. They are one and the same as the people of Kachin State, the adjacent part of Myanmar, and ethno-linguistic ties are strong.
There are 5 original ethnic groups in Dehong, Dai, Jingpo, De’ang, Lisu and Achang, who live together generation by generation. These ethnic minority live cross border. They keep the trade contacts and cultural exchanges. The major ethnic group in Longchuan is Jingpo. Longchuan enjoys traditional Jingpo culture. The mountainous residents are mainly Jingpo people. This is a minority that migrated from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in ancient times. They are brave and unrestrained. Here, travelers can dance with the elegant ethnic girls and play the drum with the strong boys. Grand group dancing with the drum and beautiful songs will gain your attentions. Achang people here make contribution to the colorful ethnic culture here. The representative festivals covers Water-splashing Festival of Dai, Munaozongge of Jingpo, Kuoshi Festival of Lisu and Aluwoluo Festival of Achang. Otherwise, Hinayana Buddhism is the major religion in Dehong. Dai and De’ang ethnic minorities believe in it. The pagodas and Zhuangfang (temple in Dai villages) are built in every Dai villages, which are the typical architectures in Dehong. Most of villages will pray in Zhuangfang and pagodas in certain time. Jingpo people worship nature and their ancestors, which can be seen in their sacrifice ceremony. In general, ethnic culture is the essential part of Longchuan.
Husa knife production industry
The Husa knife originated in the Husa Achang ethnic settlements in Longchuan county and is also referred to as the Achang knife. The Husa knife has been included as a national intangible cultural heritage and is favored by domestic and foreign merchants.
On May 20, 2006, Achang knife forging skills were approved to be included in the first baaatch of national intangible cultural heritage by the State Council. The Achang knife has a long history and was favorable in the early in the Ming and Qing Dynasties (1368-1911). The knife is currently exported to different countries and regions, including Burma.
Lianghe county has a long history, which used to be on the “South Silk Road”.Lianghe is called “Nansong” in ancient times, or “Nandian”, and is called “Mengdi” in Dai language.
Lianghe is manor of ‘ Mengdi’ in ancient time, which was a Dai Kingdom. In 425 BC, the headman of Dai people in the “Mengzhang” (Baoshan Basin) advocated establishing the alliance country, Ailao Kingdom哀牢国, Mengdaguang in Dai language. In 69, Ailao Kingdom submitted to Han Dynasty. Lianghe is a part of Yongchang Prefecture, Ailao County. Then, Lianghe was a part of ‘Mengmao’ Kingdom. Lianghe was administrated by the headman of Nandian Xuanfusi.
Nandian Xuanfu Chieftain Office
Nandian Xuanfu Chieftain Office is a key national cultural relic protection unit and a national Grade AAAA scenic spot. Located at No. 34 Nandian Road, Zhedao Town, Lianghe County of Dehong, it was originally built in the first year of Xianfeng Emperor’s reign (1851) in Qing Dynasty, and is the best preserved chieftain office, having been listed as a key national cultural relic protection unit and a national Grade AAAA scenic spot.
Chinese Name: 市镇沅县和平乡金山丫口风景区
English Name: Jinshan Mountain Pass Scenic Area in Zhenyuan County, Puer
Location:市镇沅县和平乡恩水公路83km处
http://www.pezytv.com/a/chawangshijie/jingqujingdian/2016/0225/8839.html
Puer Jinshan Mountain Pass Scenic Area in Zhenyuan County travel guide introduces the main attractions, entrance tickets booking, The best time to visit, How to Get there, the highlights, facts, history, photos, weather, accommodation, visiting routes, travel tips, tour maps of Jinshan Mountain Pass Scenic Area in Puer.
Lianghe County Entertainment
Ethinic Culture
Yunnan is a kingdom of ethnic minorities, Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture proves it. There are 5 original ethnic groups in Dehong, Dai, Jingpo, De’ang, Lisu and Achang, who live together generation by generation. These ethnic minority live cross border. They keep the trade contacts and cultural exchanges. The original inhabitants of this plain are mainly Dai ethnic minority, an ethnic minority with a long history and civilization. The men are gentle and kind, and the women are elegant and hardworking. The mountainous residents are mainly Jingpo people. This is a minority that migrated from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in ancient times. They are brave and unrestrained. Here, travelers can dance with the elegant ethnic girls and play the drum with the strong boys. Peacock Dancing and beautiful songs will gain your attentions. The representative festivals covers Water-splashing Festival of Dai, Munaozongge of Jingpo, Kuoshi Festival of Lisu and Aluwoluo Festival of Achang. Otherwise, Hinayana Buddhism is the major religion in Lianghe. Dai and De’ang ethnic minorities believe in it. The pagodas and Zhuangfang (temple in Dai villages) are built in every Dai villages, which are the typical architectures in Dehong. Most of villages will pray in Zhuangfang and pagodas in certain time. Jingpo people worship nature and their ancestors, which can be seen in their sacrifice ceremony. In general, ethnic culture is the essential part of Lianghe.
Cucurbit flute cultural industry
Finished rosewood cucurbit flutes (Photo from chinadaily.com.cn)
As curcubit flute music from musician Gen Dequan has been widely spread at home and abroad, Dehong has gradually formed a complete cucurbit flute cultural industrial chain.
As a traditional instrument of Dai, Achang and De’ang ethnicities, the history of the cucurbit flute dates back to the pre-Qin era (the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, 770-221 BC).
The Lianghe cucurbit flute has been declared as the only national geographical indications instrument in China by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine.
Beside the fantastic Middle Tiger Leaping Gorge, there stands a remarkable stone.
It is the ancient Po pretty place, which also named as Pullman. Human beings began living here as early as the Warring States period. The people who living here the earliest are called Pu, and they are the ancestry of today’s Blang, and Wa nationality. Then Dai , Yi, Bai, Hui, Miao, Lisu, Lahu began to immigrant Fengqing.
According to historical records, Pu people have been involved the War to send a punitive expedition against Wu King in Chinese history in Mengjin. Tang Dynasty Fengqing vested in Yao, Song Dynasty Y return to Yongchang. Tianshun year (1328),Fenging set Tongzhou Shun Ning Fu and, Qingdian County. Wanli 26 years (1598), changed the Flow Bureaucracy, named Shun Ning Mansion.T hirty-five years of Emperor Qianlong period(1770), set Shunning County. On 18 th , abolished the Road of Department, and under the government of Yunnan Province. On February 22,1950 Shunning County People’s Government set up. March, 1953 belong to Dali area. August 26, 1954 was renamed Fengqing.
Celebrity
There are many historical figures in history of Fengqing they left epic performance and outstanding contribution for Fengqing ,such as Gongy i(龚彝)、Zhao Youxin(赵又新)、Luo Jinan (罗稷南)、Luo Weiheng(罗为恒)、Luo Xiaochi (罗筱池)、Feng Shaoqiu(冯绍裘)and so on.
Gongyi(龚彝),the word of him is Hemei, his original family home is Shandong province. His progenitor moved in Dian and settled down north of Shunning City in Ming Hongwu year.During Nine year of Yongli period, Gongyi returned to Yunnan with Yongli emperor. In order to against Qing dynasty for long time , Gong arrived at Yongchang county, Shunning county, Jingdong county to called –up military and collected provision personally. Twelve year of Yongli period ,Qing army attacked Yunnan and Yongli emperor retreated to west of Yunnan. Gong run to Tengchong when heard the news, however, Yongli emperor has escaped to Burma.Next year, when he get the news about Yongli emperor he aroused the people to anti-Qing. Finally Yongli emperor has been arrested by Qing arms ,he still asked to see Yongli emperor. He was so loyal to his emperor that Yunnan people remember him forever.
Zhao Youxin(赵又新)(1881~1920),the old name was Yuanxiang, the word was Fengyi,His progenitor moved in Dian from Nanjing and settled down in Lushi old town. His father, Zhao Dezhou moved to Fengqing town from Lushi town. Zhao Youxin was clever and has gift to learn when he was young. Thrity year of Zhixu(1904),Zhao Youxin with Gu Pinzhen(顾品珍)、Tang Jiyao(唐继尧)、Yeji(叶基) 、Li Genyuan (李根源)and other students went to Japan for study. He set an example to join the Ally that originated by Sun Zhongshan in Tokyo.
Luo Jinan (罗稷南),the old name was Chen Qianghua, Luo Jinan born in the Shunning county. His family was love knowledge and he had gift to learn since young. He graduated from Beijing University, acted as the headmaster of Xiamen University. Then he gave up work and join the war. Once present public government to conclude and sign the agreement of anti-Japanin Jiangxi, and received reception by Mzo Zedong.
Luo Weiheng(罗为恒),his hometown is Fenqing county. Worked as profession at Yunnan University, In 1937 got to Tianjing worked as profession of Beiyang engineering college. Before the Chinese July 7 incident of 1937,he returned to Kunming and employed as hief engineer of Yiping Salt plant.曾After that he started his business in Burma. He occupied the Chairman of Oversea Association and the member of Yunnan Peoples political Consultative Conference after the Peoples Republic of China was founded. In 1958, build the first hydroelectric station in Luodang Town of Fengqing county.
Luo Xiaochi (罗筱池), Yi people, born in Fengshan town of Fengqing. His father was one of the calligraphers of Yunnan in Qing dynasty. Luo Xiaoch began to learned Confucian classics and history. He got the title Xiucai when he was 20 year old and he was good at poetry.1905, he graduated from Agricultural University of Yunnan, he worked as the headmaster of Mengzi High School and the secretary. In 1933 acted as the head of Yanjin county. In 1945 returned to Shunning county as deputy sector chief of commissariat. February ,1950 the peoples government of Shunning found Luo Xiaoch moved to Qingshu village.
Feng Shaoqiu(冯绍裘, 1900—1987), the father of Dianhong black tea and the first factory director of Fengqing Tea factory. In 1945, the war of Pacific broken down, Tengchong, Longling lost control.He returned b his hometown-Hunan. In 1981, China Tea published the “Dianhong” brief history written by Feng Shaoqiu. Dianhong created by Feng Shaoqiu has became a famous tea in Chinese tea history.
Huangmaoling Township (黄茅岭乡) is located in the southern part of Yuanyang County (元阳县), Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省). It borders Ganiang Township (嘎娘乡) and Laomeng Township (老勐乡) of Jinping Miao, Yao and Dai Autonomous County (金平苗族瑶族傣族自治县) to the east, Laomeng Township (老勐乡) of Jinping County (金平县) to the south, Ezhaxiang Township (俄扎乡) and Huangcaoling Township (黄草岭乡) to the west, and Azhahe Township (阿扎河乡) of Honghe County (红河县) to the north. It is approximately 60 kilometers from Nansha Town (南沙), the county seat of Yuanyang (元阳县).
Huangmaoling Township (黄茅岭乡) has a long history and is home to several ethnic minority groups, including the Hani (哈尼族) and Yi (彝族) peoples. The area preserves many traditional cultural customs and architectural styles and is regarded as an important region for ethnic cultural heritage in Yuanyang County (元阳县).
Huangmaoling Township (黄茅岭乡) is culturally rich with diverse ethnic customs from the Hani (哈尼族) and Yi (彝族) communities. Traditional festivals include “Mo Aina” (莫埃纳), “Zhalele” (扎勒勒), and more. Wrestling competitions are a customary event during Hani festivals. Local villagers also operate “Common Prosperity Courtyards” (共富庭院), where visitors can experience ethnic dining, homestays, embroidery workshops, and folk culture.
Huangmaoling Township (黄茅岭乡) features a subtropical mountain monsoon climate with a distinctive vertical climate characterized by “four seasons on one mountain, different weather in each village.” The average annual temperature is around 16°C, and annual rainfall ranges from 1,200 to 2,000 millimeters. The best time to visit is from November to March when the weather is cooler and ideal for outdoor activities.
Huangmaoling Terraces
The spectacular terraces of Huangmaoling are a testament to the ingenuity of the Hani people.
Recommended visit duration: 2–3 hours
Geta Village
This village retains many traditional Hani-style houses and customs, making it a great place to experience local ethnic culture.
Recommended visit duration: 1–2 hours
Shimen Village
Located in the Shimen Village Committee (石门村民委员会), it offers beautiful natural scenery and a relaxing atmosphere.
Recommended visit duration: 1 hour
Public Transport: Take a bus from Nansha Town (南沙), Yuanyang County (元阳县) to Huangmaoling Township (黄茅岭乡), which takes about 1.5 hours.
Self-driving: Drive from Nansha Town (南沙), covering a distance of approximately 60 kilometers on well-maintained roads.
Hani-style Barbecue (哈尼族烤肉): Made with local ingredients, rich in flavor and aroma.
Yi Ethnic Dishes (彝族特色菜肴): Such as “Tuotuo Meat” (坨坨肉), a traditional dish known for its tender and savory taste.
Local handmade crafts and agricultural products are available in Huangmaoling Township (黄茅岭乡) and its surroundings, such as Hani embroidery (哈尼族刺绣), tea leaves (茶叶), and more.
Huangmaoling Township (黄茅岭乡) offers various lodging options including ethnic-style guesthouses and farm stays. These are affordable and rich in local cultural elements.
Day 1: Arrive in Nansha Town (南沙), check into a hotel, then travel to Huangmaoling Township (黄茅岭乡) and visit Geta Village (戈它村) to explore Hani folk culture.
Day 2: Visit the Huangmaoling Terraces (黄茅岭梯田), followed by a trip to Shimen Village (石门村) to enjoy the natural scenery.
Day 3: Return to Nansha Town (南沙) and conclude your journey.
Huangmaoling Township (黄茅岭乡) is a destination full of ethnic charm and natural beauty. Whether you’re exploring the rich traditions of the Hani and Yi peoples or admiring the majestic terraces, this place promises a truly memorable experience. May your journey here be enjoyable and inspiring.
History of Yingjiang County Four Strategic Passes of the Ming Dynasty In 22nd year during the reign of Wangli in the Ming Dynasty (1594), Chen Yongbin, governor of Yunnan...
Yingjiang County, located in Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province, offers a variety of entertainment options that highlight the region’s natural beauty, cultural diversity, and traditional...
Yingjiang County Culture At the mention of Yingjiang County Culture, ethnic culture and Buddhist culture are the highlights of Yingjiang County. The perfect combination of ethnic and Buddhist culture...
Longchuan is under the ministration of Buwei county of Yizhou Prefecture, Han Dynasty. In Tang Dynasty, Longchuan is governed by Yongchang. Until year, 1950, Longchuan is free as a...
Many citizens of Dehong Prefecture belong to the Jingpo-nation ethnic group, an official minority in the People’s Republic of China. They are one and the same as the people...
Lianghe county has a long history, which used to be on the “South Silk Road”.Lianghe is called “Nansong” in ancient times, or “Nandian”, and is called “Mengdi” in Dai...
Chinese Name: 市镇沅县和平乡金山丫口风景区 English Name: Jinshan Mountain Pass Scenic Area in Zhenyuan County, Puer Location:市镇沅县和平乡恩水公路83km处 http://www.pezytv.com/a/chawangshijie/jingqujingdian/2016/0225/8839.html Puer Jinshan Mountain Pass Scenic Area ...
Lianghe County Entertainment...
Ethinic Culture Yunnan is a kingdom of ethnic minorities, Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture proves it. There are 5 original ethnic groups in Dehong, Dai, Jingpo, De’ang, Lisu...
Beside the fantastic Middle Tiger Leaping Gorge, there stands a remarkable stone....
Fengqing County (凤庆县) is located in Lincang City, Yunnan, China. During the Ming Dynasty it was a frontier known as Shunning Prefecture. Fengqing produces the black tea and Puer...
Huangmaoling Township (黄茅岭乡) is located in the southern part of Yuanyang County (元阳县), Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省). It borders Ganiang Township (嘎娘乡) and...
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