There are different types of Yunlong bridges(云龙桥), including wooden beam wind-rain bridge, stone slab bridge, single-plank bridge, etc. Suspension bridge types include rattan bridge, slip cable, chain bridge and steel cable bridge; arch bridge types are mainly wooden arch bridge, stone arch bridge. Yunlong ancient bridges(云龙古桥) show many aesthetic principles. Its varied architectural styles with its unique style. Emperor Guandi to Jun bridge(关帝对君) adopted a stone arch top with a high and low Bai tile-roofed building, bridgehead built with arch-house, the style is rare all over China.
Yunlong(云龙) preserved bridge from the oldest primitive rope, rattan bridge to modern steel truss bridge, its variety, architectural form, can form a bridge museum completely, known as “the very best ancient bridge around Yunnan,” (“云龙古桥冠全滇”) can be called “ancient bridge art museum”. In 2013, the Bijiang（沘江） River’s ancient bridge group was listed as the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
There are four basic characteristics on Yunlong（云龙） bridge: “floating, beam, crane and arch”. These four bridge types are the origin of all bridges, which are derived into many different types of bridges at this moment. In addition to temporary bridges in the dry season in Bijiang（沘江） River, the rest are permanent ones. Most of these types of bridges are concentrated in the Bijiang（沘江） River basin and its tributaries, forming a group of ancient bridges. Today, there are still nearly 100 ancient bridges with various types, 42 of great value. The ancient bridges on the Bijiang（沘江） River are not only numerous in number, but also rich in types. From primitive simple bridges to long-span bridges with complex construction techniques, they can form a history of the development of ancient bridges. They have very precious historical, scientific and artistic values.
Among the many ancient bridges in Yunlong（云龙）, some are called “living fossil of bridges”, such as rope, rattan bridge. The suspension rope is called suspension bridge in ancient times. It is the embryonic form of all suspension bridges. The rattan bridge is called “Ze”（笮） bridge. In the Tang Dynasty, ” County Yuanhe（元和） County Guo（国） Chronicle” records: //“凡言笮者，夷人于大江水上置藤桥渭之笮，其大笮、定笮皆是近水置藤桥处”//. Rattan bridges appeared more than 2,000 years ago, which generally range in length from about 20 to 30 meters, such as a century old man who has experienced vicissitudes, still across the Yunlong（云龙） River, well preserved, and continue to provide access for the people on both sides of the river.
Iron chain suspension bridge is a kind of bridge which can widen the span and strengthen the structure with the appearance and widespread use of iron tools. There are mainly chain suspension bridges in Yunlong（云龙）, It has been built long-span chain suspension bridge on the Lancang（澜沧） River in the early Qing Dynasty, known as the “Flying Dragon Bridge”. Now the chain suspension bridges are mainly built in the Qing Dynasty, the length of more than 30 meters to 60 meters, mainly Anlan（安澜） Bridge, Qingyun（青云） Bridge, Huimin（惠民） Bridge, Zhongzhou（中州） Bridge, etc.
The most distinctive of the ancient bridges in Yunlong（云龙） is the beam bridge. This kind of ancient bridge, which is developed from the single wooden bridge and the earth-filled girder dike, with more and more kinds in the course of development. There are wooden column and wooden beam bridge, stone column and stone pier and wooden beam bridge, stone pier and stone beam bridge and so on. When the current is too swift to build a bridge pier in the middle, wooden loquats are piled up from the two ends of the bridge piers and stretched out to the center of the river in turn, like an outstretched arm, supporting the entire bridge with this huge arm. Covering the roof of the bridge, it looks like a long corridor on the water, also known as “corridor bridge”, because it has the function of wind and rain shelter, also known as “wind and rain bridge”. Bai’s extended-arm girder bridges are built in the bridge carved beams and painted, thick ink, so that the bridge appears colorful, magnificent, so also known as the “big flower bridge”. The outrigger-type wooden girder bridge over the Yunlong（云龙） Bijiang（云龙） River, with a total length of 40 meters and a net span of 29 meters, is the largest span of similar bridges in Yunnan Province. Other bridges include Caifeng（彩凤桥） Bridge, Wuli（五里） Bridge, Yongzhen（永镇） Bridge, Yangchun（阳春） Bridge, Yifeng（义风） Bridge, Lianchangpin（炼场坪） Bridge, Xiaoling（小岭） Bridge, Jiancao（检槽） Bridge, Jianzifang（街子房） Bridge, etc.
The stone arch bridge appeared earlier. This kind of bridge is not only beautiful in form, but also strong in structure. These stone arch bridges, which have a long history, beautiful in form and strong in structure, still play an important role today. Therefore, it is a precious heritage, showing the industrious wisdom and outstanding talent of the ancient working people. Most of the existing stone arch bridges were built in the Qing Dynasty, mainly Yongli（永利桥） Bridge, Shuanglong（双龙） Bridge, Guandi Shengjun（关帝圣君） Bridge, Shuiyaping（水雅坪） Bridge, Anju（安居） Bridge and so on.
The ancient bridge lies across the East, West, North and south, and runs through the ancient and modern times.
The bridge that winds around the river.
Go by the bright sun, go by the wind and rain, go by the years.
With a leisurely rhyme, carrying the heavy responsibilities ahead.
Yunlong（云龙） has the reputation of “the hometown of ancient bridges” and “the world bridge art museum”. The Yunlong（云龙） Bridge is not limited to a large number of bridges, each of which contains a profound historical and cultural heritage. Bridge culture has long been a valuable feature in Yunlong（云龙）.
The wisdom of our ancestors should not be underestimated. In the era of backward science and technology, many human development has been hindered to some extent. But the forefathers always came up with some magical and advanced methods to overcome obstacles and build roads and bridges when they meet mountains and waters.
Yunlong（云龙） County is located in the western part of Dali Prefecture, located in the valley area of Western Yunnan. The Nu River and Lancang（澜沧） River flow through the county, and the mountains and valleys are crisscrossed in the area under its jurisdiction. Yunlong（云龙） County has abundant water resources, tens of rivers and thousands of streams.
Rivers and mountains are rich in natural resources, but traffic problems follow. The river blocked the life of both sides of the river, and YunLong（云龙） ancient bridge is the crystallization of wisdom with Yunlong’s ancestors.
In addition, Coupled with the development of Yunlong（云龙）ancient salt industry and silver copper mine, which created a good material foundation for the bridge in ancient times, which spanned the two sides countless times, bringing new opportunities for economic prosperity and cultural development.
The bridge culture has been well protected and inherited in Yunlong（云龙）. It has an indissoluble bond of affection between Yunlong（云龙） people of all nationalities and bridges. The ancient bridges have brought them not only the convenience of transportation, but also the deep friendship between the villages of all nationalities from generation to generation.
The river has been murmuring for many years.
The bridge is still impartial.
With its firm body, it carries the passers-by.
A bridge, a story.
Yunlong’s bridge records countless people and events.
Across rivers, through time, endless.
https://www.sohu.com/a/143484639_641489
http://www.dalidaily.com/wenhua/20160323/081838.html
Fuheshan in Lantsang County, located in central Lantsang County, Nujiang Prefecture, Yunnan Province, is known as the “Gate of the Three Rivers” and stands at an altitude of 3,695.5 meters. It preserves its original natural beauty and cultural heritage. Here is a detailed introduction to Fuheshan:
Natural Scenery
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Alpine Meadow: Fuheshan boasts vast alpine meadows covered with lush green grass, which are ideal for cattle and sheep grazing and offer visitors a perfect place to admire the natural beauty.
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Primeval Forest: The dense primeval forest within the scenic area is filled with towering ancient trees that block out the sky, creating a mysterious green world.
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Glacial Remnants: Fuheshan Nature Reserve, along with Xinsheng Bridge National Forest Park, is a treasure trove of species in the “Three Parallel Rivers” region of Northwest Yunnan. The area also features historical relics such as the ancient salt and horse trade route, Miliba Meadow, Wuhu Lake, giant rhododendron forests, and glacial remnants on Changyashan.
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Alpine Lake: Wuhu Lake, located halfway up Fuheshan, is a clear lake named for its frequent misty conditions. The lake is crystal clear and surrounded by beautiful scenery, making it an ideal spot for camping and barbecuing.
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Rare Flora and Fauna: Fuheshan is a paradise for the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey and is also home to other rare plants and animals such as the Chinese yew.
Cultural Features
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Ethnic Culture: The area around Fuheshan is inhabited by ethnic minorities such as the Yi and Pumi people, who preserve their unique cultural traditions, including Yi songs and dances, and Pumi traditional music like the four-string dance music and Cuocuo.
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Historical Relics: The scenic area includes historical relics such as the ancient salt and horse trade route, which witnessed the prosperity of the ancient Tea Horse Road and serves as an important window for understanding the local history and culture.
Tourism Information
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Best Time to Visit: October to December.
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Transportation: Driving is the recommended way to reach Fuheshan. You can travel from Dali to Lantsang County (216 kilometers, 2.5 hours) or from Lijiang to Lantsang County (177 kilometers, 2.5 hours), and then head to the Fuheshan scenic area.
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Accommodation Recommendations: There are hotels available in Lantsang County, and you can also stay in farmhouses or camping sites within the Fuheshan scenic area.
With its unique natural scenery and rich cultural heritage, Fuheshan attracts numerous visitors. Here, you can admire magnificent natural landscapes, experience rich ethnic cultures, and feel the harmony between humans and nature.
Chinese Name:福贡县石月亮乡
English Name: Shiyueliang Town of Fugong County, Nujiang
Shiyingcun Township is located in the northern part of Fugong County, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. It is known for its unique natural landscapes and cultural heritage. Here is a detailed introduction:
Geographic Location
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Shiyingcun Township is situated in the northern part of Fugong County, with the Biron Snow Mountain ridge (the watershed between the Lancang River and Nujiang River) to the east, bordering Weixi County; the Gaoligong Mountain ridge (the watershed between the Nujiang River and the Irrawaddy River) to the west, adjacent to Myanmar; and connected to Luma Deng Township to the south and Maji Township to the north.
Natural Scenery
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Stone Moon: The most famous landmark of Shiyingcun Township is the “Stone Moon,” a natural geological wonder formed by the erosion of marble rock. It is located on the western bank of the Nujiang River and stands at an altitude of about 3,300 meters. The Stone Moon features a large circular hole, resembling a moon hanging in the sky, hence its name.
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Surrounding Environment: The area is surrounded by steep mountains and dense forests, creating a dramatic and picturesque landscape. The Nujiang River flows through the valley, adding to the scenic beauty.
Cultural Features
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Ethnic Culture: Shiyingcun Township is home to the Lisu and Nu ethnic groups, who preserve rich cultural traditions. The Lisu people refer to the Stone Moon as “Ya Haba,” which means “Stone Moon” in Chinese. It holds significant cultural and religious meaning in their traditions.
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Festivals and Activities: During traditional festivals such as the “March Street,” locals gather around the Stone Moon to celebrate and express their respect for nature and culture.
Infrastructure
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Shiyingcun Township has achieved basic infrastructure development, including access to water, electricity, television, telephone, and roads. However, there are no streetlights.
Administrative Information
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The township covers an area of 478 square kilometers and is divided into 9 administrative villages. It was established in 1958 as Lisha Di Commune and renamed Shiyingcun Township in 2004.
Shiyingcun Township is a unique destination that combines stunning natural landscapes with rich cultural heritage, making it an ideal place for visitors seeking both adventure and cultural immersion.
Entertainment in Wuhua District, Kunming
Culture of Wuhua District in Kunming
Wuhua District (五华区): A Historical Overview
As one of the central districts of Kunming (昆明), Wuhua District (五华区) may have been established later, but its history spans thousands of years. Archaeological discoveries in recent years reveal that more than 30,000 years ago, ancient humans lived in the Dianchi Basin (滇池盆地), with these early ancestors being identified as Kunming Man (昆明人), marking the oldest discovered human ancestors in Kunming to date.
Ancient Inhabitants: The Dian People
During the late Neolithic period (3000-4000 years ago), ancient Dian People (滇人) lived around Dianchi Lake (滇池). They laid the foundations of Dian Culture (滇文化), which would later influence the development of the region’s civilization.
The Kingdom of Dian
Between 293-262 BCE, Zhuang Qiao (庄蹻), a general of the Chu Kingdom (楚国), led his troops into the Dianchi (滇池) area. He adopted the local customs and integrated with indigenous tribes, ultimately establishing the Dian Kingdom (滇王国) with Zhuang Qiao as its king. In 109 BCE, during the Han Dynasty, the Yizhou Commandery (益州郡) was set up, with the Dian leaders, including Chang Qiang (常羌), receiving the title of Dian King and the Dian King Seal. The capital of the Yizhou Commandery was established in present-day Jincheng (晋城), which included 24 counties, with Wuhua District falling under Guchang County (谷昌县).
Political Shifts in the Three Kingdoms and Beyond
In 225 CE, during the Three Kingdoms period (三国时期), Yizhou Commandery was renamed Jianning Commandery (建宁郡), and its capital moved to Qujing (曲靖), with Guchang being part of Jianning. By the Southern and Northern Dynasties (南北朝时期), Yunnan (云南) formed two political centers: Jinning (晋宁) and Jianning (建宁), with the Yi (翼氏) family occupying significant political positions.
Tang Dynasty and the Rise of Kunming
In 581 CE, during the reign of Emperor Wen of Sui (隋文帝), Kunzhou (昆州) was established. By the early Tang Dynasty (618-626 CE), Kunzhou was renamed Kunchuan (昆川) and governed several counties. In 765 CE, during the reign of Emperor Dezong of Tang (唐代宗), the city of Shanchan (鄯阐城) was established as the capital, later renamed Chengdu (成都) and subsequently recognized as East Capital (东京). During the Zhao Dynasty (南诏), the political center gradually shifted from Erhai Lake (洱海) to Dianchi Lake (滇池).
The Dali Kingdom and Later Dynasties
In 937 CE, Duan Sipin (段思平) founded the Dali Kingdom (大理国), establishing the region’s political structure. The city of Shanchan (鄯阐城) continued to serve as a key political hub until the end of the Southern Song Dynasty (南宋). By 1255 CE, during the Yuan Dynasty (元朝), the area became Shanzhou (鄯州), and Kunming was elevated to the status of a prefecture.
Ming Dynasty and the City’s Transformation
In 1381 CE, during the Ming Dynasty (明朝), the establishment of the Yunnan (云南) province saw Kunming become the capital. The city underwent significant urban expansion, with the Ming government restructuring the city and surrounding areas. The unique layout of Kunming emerged, where mountains and lakes were incorporated into the urban landscape, notably with Cuihu Lake (翠湖) and Yuantong Mountain (圆通山) being surrounded by the city’s boundary.
Modern Development and the Formation of Wuhua District
In the late Qing Dynasty (清朝), Kunming was divided into various districts for management purposes. The modern administrative structure of Wuhua District (五华区) began taking shape during the Republic of China (民国) era, with several district changes over time. Following the establishment of the People’s Republic of China (中华人民共和国) in 1950, the area underwent further reorganization and ultimately became an official district of Kunming in 1956.
Today, Wuhua District stands as a pivotal center of Kunming, integrating both its historical and modern significance.
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History of Guandu District in Kunming
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Ancient Bridges Culture in Yunlong County, Dali
There are different types of Yunlong bridges(云龙桥), including wooden beam wind-rain bridge, stone slab bridge, single-plank bridge, etc. Suspension bridge types include rattan bridge, slip cable, chain bridge and...
Fuhe Mountain in Lanping County, Nujiang
Fuheshan in Lantsang County, located in central Lantsang County, Nujiang Prefecture, Yunnan Province, is known as the “Gate of the Three Rivers” and stands at an altitude of 3,695.5...
Shiyueliang Town of Fugong County, Nujiang
Chinese Name:福贡县石月亮乡 English Name: Shiyueliang Town of Fugong County, Nujiang Shiyingcun Township is located in the northern part of Fugong County, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. It is...
History of Wuhua District in Kunming
Wuhua District (五华区): A Historical Overview As one of the central districts of Kunming (昆明), Wuhua District (五华区) may have been established later, but its history spans thousands of...
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