Anning City Culture in Kunming
Yulong Snow Mountain (玉龙雪山) is located in (云南省丽江市) Lijiang City, (云南省) Yunnan Province. It is the southernmost large snow mountain in the Northern Hemisphere, with the main peak, (扇子陡) Shan Zi Dou, reaching an elevation of 5,596 meters. In addition to its magnificent snow-capped peaks, (玉龙雪山) Yulong Snow Mountain is home to a rich diversity of plants and flowers, making it a treasure trove of biodiversity.
The plant distribution on (玉龙雪山) Yulong Snow Mountain shows a clear vertical zonation, with distinct changes in climate and ecology as the elevation increases. As a result, the types of plants change from the base to the summit of the mountain.
Vegetation Type: Predominantly subtropical evergreen broadleaf forests and mixed coniferous and broadleaf forests.
Representative Plants: (滇润楠) Yunnan Nan, (云南樟) Yunnan Camphor, (云南松) Yunnan Pine, etc. These plants are adapted to the warm and humid climate, forming a dense forest ecosystem.
Flowers: The area is rich in flowering plants, with common species including (云南山茶) Yunnan Camellia and (杜鹃花) Rhododendrons. Yunnan Camellia is known for its vibrant flowers and evergreen leaves and is one of Yunnan’s provincial flowers. Rhododendrons bloom in spring, creating stunning sea-like expanses of flowers that attract many tourists.
Vegetation Type: Dominated by subalpine coniferous forests, such as (云南松) Yunnan Pine and (高山松) Alpine Pine.
Representative Plants: (高山松) Alpine Pine, (丽江云杉) Lijiang Spruce, etc. These plants are adapted to the colder climate and have strong cold and wind resistance.
Flowers: (报春花) Primroses are representative flowers in this area. They come in various colors and bloom in early spring, adding vitality and color to the mountain. Additionally, rare flowers like (绿绒蒿) Green Velvet Artemisia grow in alpine meadows, requiring a harsh environment to thrive, making them unique to the (玉龙雪山) Yulong Snow Mountain.
Vegetation Type: Primarily alpine meadows and alpine shrubs.
Representative Plants: (高山杜鹃) Alpine Rhododendrons, (绿绒蒿) Green Velvet Artemisia, (龙胆) Gentian, etc. These plants tend to be small and prostrate, adapted to the strong winds and low temperatures of high altitudes.
Flowers: In the high-altitude region, (绿绒蒿) Green Velvet Artemisia and (龙胆) Gentians are particularly iconic. Green Velvet Artemisia is known for its bright flowers and unique form, earning it the title “King of Alpine Flowers.” Gentians, with their blue or purple flowers, stand out in the alpine meadows, adding a sense of mystery and tranquility to the snow mountain.
The best times for observing plants and flowers on (玉龙雪山) Yulong Snow Mountain vary based on elevation and species, but they generally follow these stages:
As the temperature rises and the snow begins to melt, early spring flowers like (报春花) Primroses and (杜鹃花) Rhododendrons bloom, creating vibrant and colorful flower seas. The period from April to May is the best time to see (杜鹃花) Rhododendrons in full bloom, covering the mountain with picturesque blooms.
Summer is the peak growing season for plants on (玉龙雪山) Yulong Snow Mountain, with flowers like (绿绒蒿) Green Velvet Artemisia and (龙胆) Gentians entering full bloom. During this time, the snow mountain offers not only spectacular snow scenes but also a dazzling display of flowers, making it a prime time for sightseeing and photography.
Autumn brings golden hues to the (玉龙雪山) Yulong Snow Mountain, as the coniferous forests and alpine meadows gradually turn yellow, complementing the snow-capped peaks. Although flower variety decreases, hardy flowers like (高山杜鹃) Alpine Rhododendrons will still bloom, adding color to the snow mountain.
In winter, (玉龙雪山) Yulong Snow Mountain is covered in thick snow, creating a stunning silver-white landscape. While flowers have mostly withered, the majestic scenery of the snow mountain remains captivating. In some sheltered, sunny areas, you may still find green leaves of cold-resistant plants, adding a touch of life to the snow-covered mountain.
Yulong Snow Mountain boasts a rich and diverse plant and flower resource, which has high ecological and ornamental value. To protect these valuable natural resources, several conservation measures have been implemented:
Establishment of Protected Areas: (玉龙雪山) Yulong Snow Mountain has been designated a national nature reserve. Protected areas have been established to limit human activities and reduce disturbances and damage to the ecological environment.
Ecological Monitoring: Regular monitoring of the ecological environment and plant resources on (玉龙雪山) Yulong Snow Mountain is carried out to track plant growth and environmental changes. This provides scientific data for adjusting conservation measures.
Ecological Restoration: For damaged areas, measures like reforestation and vegetation restoration are taken to promote the recovery and rebuilding of the ecosystem.
Public Awareness and Education: Ecotourism and educational activities are organized to raise public awareness of the need to protect the ecological environment and plant resources on (玉龙雪山) Yulong Snow Mountain, encouraging tourists to follow environmental protection guidelines and reduce ecological impact.
In conclusion, the plant and flower resources on (玉龙雪山) Yulong Snow Mountain are diverse and valuable. While enjoying these beautiful landscapes, visitors are encouraged to adhere to conservation regulations and help protect this precious natural heritage.
The Jade Dragon Snow Mountain (玉龙雪山) is located in Lijiang City (丽江市), Yunnan Province (云南省). As the southernmost large snow-capped mountain in the Northern Hemisphere, its main peak, Shanzidou (扇子陡), reaches an altitude of 5,596 meters. It is not only a famous tourist destination but also a habitat for many rare wild animals. The pristine forests of the Jade Dragon Snow Mountain Provincial Nature Reserve (玉龙雪山省级自然保护区) are home to a variety of rare wildlife species.
The Jade Dragon Snow Mountain Nature Reserve monitors wildlife using infrared cameras and other equipment to study species composition, distribution, population numbers, and conservation management. In recent years, strengthened protection measures have significantly improved wildlife habitats, leading to a steady increase in populations and the formation of a complete biological chain within their ecosystems.
The Jade Dragon Snow Mountain (玉龙雪山) boasts rich and diverse wildlife resources, making it a treasure trove of biodiversity. While admiring the stunning mountain scenery, visitors should also take care to protect wildlife and their habitats.
The above are some of the entertainment activities available in Yulong Naxi Autonomous County (丽江市玉龙纳西族自治县). Visitors can choose to participate based on their interests.
During the Warring States period, the area of (玉龙纳西族自治县) Yulong Naxi Autonomous County was part of the borderlands of the Qin state. When (楚庄蹻) King Zhuang of Chu established the (滇国) Dian Kingdom, this region belonged to Dian.
It was part of (益州越嶲郡) Yizhou Yuexi Commandery, specifically (遂久县) Suijiu County.
During the Shu Han period, the area was transferred to (云南郡) Yunnan Commandery.
It was under (宁州云南郡西姑复县) Ningzhou Yunnan Commandery, Xigu County.
Both (吐蕃) Tibet and (南诏) Nanzhao set up (铁桥城) Tieqiao City (now (塔城乡) Ta’er Town) as the administrative center of (神川都督府) Shenchuan Dudu’s government.
In the early Song period, it was under the jurisdiction of (剑川节度) Jianchuan Military District, later changing to (成纪镇善巨郡) Chengji Town, Shanju Prefecture.
In 1253, (忽必烈) Kublai Khan invaded the Dali Kingdom and established (茶罕章管民官) the administration of Chahanzhang to govern the region.
In the 8th year of the (至元) Zhi Yuan reign (1271), it was renamed (茶罕章宣慰司) Chahanzhang Xuanwei Office. In the 13th year of the reign (1276), the (丽江路军民总管府) Lijiang Military and Civilian General Administration Office was established, and the name “Lijiang” began to be used.
In the 15th year of (洪武) Hongwu reign (1382), the Ming Dynasty established (丽江府) Lijiang Prefecture.
In the 17th year of (顺治) Shunzhi reign (1660), (丽江府) Lijiang Prefecture was maintained. In the 1st year of (雍正) Yongzheng reign (1723), the land was returned to central administration, ending the rule of the (木氏土司) Mu Clan. In the 35th year of (乾隆) Qianlong reign (1770), (丽江县) Lijiang County was established.
In 1913, (丽江府) Lijiang Prefecture was abolished, and (丽江县) Lijiang County was placed under (腾越道) Tengyue Dao. In 1929, (腾越道) Tengyue Dao was abolished and directly administered by Yunnan Province.
On July 1, it became part of the (滇西北人民行政专员公署丽江政务委员会) Northwest Yunnan People’s Administrative Commissioner’s Office, Lijiang Affairs Committee.
It became part of (丽江专区) Lijiang Special Region, Lijiang County.
On April 10, (丽江纳西族自治县) Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County was established, under (丽江专区) Lijiang Special Region (renamed Lijiang District in 1971).
On December 26, the State Council approved the establishment of (玉龙纳西族自治县) Yulong Naxi Autonomous County.
On April 1, (丽江纳西族自治县) Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County was officially abolished and divided into (古城区) Gucheng District and (玉龙纳西族自治县) Yulong Naxi Autonomous County.
(玉龙纳西族自治县) Yulong Naxi Autonomous County is one of the main settlements of the Naxi ethnic group, with a rich cultural heritage, including (东巴文化) Dongba culture, (白沙壁画) Baisha murals, and (纳西古乐) Naxi ancient music. These cultural forms not only showcase the history and traditions of the Naxi people but also attract a large number of visitors to experience them.
The history of (玉龙纳西族自治县) Yulong Naxi Autonomous County is a history of ethnic integration, cultural exchange, and development. From the ancient (滇国) Dian Kingdom to the modern autonomous county, this land has witnessed countless historical changes and cultural inheritances.
Yulong County (玉龙县) is located in Lijiang City (丽江市), Yunnan Province (云南省). As a multi-ethnic region, it is primarily inhabited by several minority groups including the Naxi (纳西族), Yi (彝族), Bai (白族), and Lisu (傈僳族) peoples. The area boasts not only stunning natural scenery but also profound cultural heritage with diverse ethnic cultural resources. Below are the main cultural characteristics of Yulong County:
The Naxi people are one of the main ethnic groups in Yulong County, with a rich and colorful culture of unique charm.
Dongba culture is the ancient and distinctive cultural system of the Naxi people, encompassing Dongba script (东巴文字), Dongba paintings (东巴绘画), Dongba music (东巴音乐), and Dongba dance (东巴舞蹈). The Dongba script is the world’s only still-used pictographic writing system, hailed as a “living hieroglyph.” Dongba paintings showcase the religious beliefs and daily life of the Naxi people through their unique style and rich content.
Naxi ancient music is traditional Naxi music renowned for its long history and distinctive style. It incorporates musical elements from Han (汉族), Tibetan (藏族), Bai (白族) and other ethnic groups, primarily featuring instruments like flutes (笛子), erhu (二胡), and pipa (琵琶). Representative pieces include “Baisha Fine Music” (白沙细乐) and “Dongjing Music” (洞经音乐), which are performed during important Naxi festivals and ceremonies.
Naxi traditional architecture features a unique style that blends characteristics from Han, Tibetan and other ethnic architectural traditions. Typical Naxi dwellings are mostly earth-wood structures with rational layouts and exquisite decorations. The ancient Naxi residences in Lijiang Old Town (丽江古城) exemplify this architectural style with exceptionally high artistic value.
The Yi people are another significant ethnic group in Yulong County with equally rich and diverse culture.
The Torch Festival is one of the most important traditional festivals of the Yi people, usually held on the 24th day of the sixth lunar month. People light torches symbolizing the dispelling of evil and prayers for happiness. The festival features various cultural activities such as Yi song and dance performances and wrestling competitions.
Yi embroidery is famous for its vibrant colors and rich patterns. Yi women excel at embroidery, creating works that decorate clothing and various daily items. The patterns often feature natural elements and animals, possessing high artistic value.
The Bai people also inhabit Yulong County, with their own unique cultural charm.
The March Fair is a traditional Bai festival held annually from the 15th to the 20th day of the third lunar month. It serves as an important occasion for material exchange and cultural entertainment among the Bai people, featuring rich song and dance performances and traditional handicraft exhibitions.
Bai embroidery is renowned for its exquisite craftsmanship and beautiful patterns. Bai women are skilled embroiderers, creating works that adorn clothing and various daily items. The patterns often depict flowers and animals in vibrant colors with high artistic value.
The Lisu people also reside in Yulong County with their own rich cultural traditions.
The Knife-Pole Festival is an important traditional Lisu festival, usually held on the eighth day of the second lunar month. During the festival, people perform thrilling acts like “climbing the knife mountain and descending into the fire sea,” symbolizing bravery and fearlessness.
Lisu song and dance are famous for their unique style and rich content. Lisu dances feature bold movements and lively rhythms, often performed during important festivals and ceremonies.
Yulong County also boasts diverse religious culture, primarily including Dongba religion and Buddhism.
Dongba religion is the traditional faith of the Naxi people, with doctrines and rituals closely connected to Naxi daily life. Dongba priests, known as Dongba (东巴), preserve Naxi cultural and religious knowledge as inheritors of Dongba culture.
Buddhism is also widely practiced in Yulong County, with many well-preserved temples and pagodas. For example, Jinshan Temple (金山寺) is a historic Buddhist temple with unique architectural style housing many precious Buddhist artifacts.
Each ethnic group in Yulong County has its own unique traditional festivals, which serve as important vehicles for cultural transmission and opportunities for visitors to experience local culture.
The Sanduo Festival is a traditional Naxi holiday held annually from the 15th to the 20th day of the third lunar month. As an important Naxi festival, it serves as an occasion for material exchange and cultural entertainment, featuring rich displays of ethnic culture such as Naxi ancient music, Dongba dance and Leba dance performances.
The Torch Festival is one of the most important traditional festivals of the Yi people, usually held on the 24th day of the sixth lunar month, featuring various cultural activities.
The March Fair is a traditional Bai festival held annually from the 15th to the 20th day of the third lunar month, featuring rich cultural performances.
The Knife-Pole Festival is an important traditional Lisu festival usually held on the eighth day of the second lunar month, featuring thrilling performances.
Yulong County places high importance on cultural preservation and promotion through various methods.
Yulong County has many intangible cultural heritage items such as Naxi Dongba culture, Yi embroidery, and Bai embroidery. Local authorities protect and promote these heritages through cultural protection zones and inheritor training programs.
Through cultural tourism development, Yulong County showcases its rich cultural resources to visitors. Tourists can appreciate Naxi Dongba culture and Baisha murals (白沙壁画) in Lijiang Old Town and Baisha Ancient Town (白沙古镇), and experience Naxi folk activities and traditional crafts at Lashi Lake (拉市海) and Jade Dragon Snow Mountain (玉龙雪山).
Lashi Lake (拉市海), located in Yulong Naxi Autonomous County (丽江市玉龙纳西族自治县), is a picturesque alpine wetland surrounded by several villages boasting unique cultural and natural landscapes. Here are some noteworthy villages around Lashi Lake worth visiting:
Located on the western side of Lashi Lake, Junliang Village is primarily inhabited by the Naxi ethnic group. In recent years, through the development of rural tourism and specialty agriculture, the village has become a tourist destination combining natural scenery with folk culture. The village features nearly 1,000 mu (about 66 hectares) of edible and ornamental roses. Every spring, the blooming roses attract numerous visitors. Additionally, Junliang Village has been recognized as a “National Key Village for Rural Tourism” (全国乡村旅游重点村), “Civilized Village of Yunnan Province” (云南省文明村), and “Sanitary Village of Yunnan Province” (云南省卫生村).
Situated on the southern shore of Lashi Lake, Hainan Village is a multi-ethnic community home to Han (汉族), Naxi (纳西族), Bai (白族), Yi (彝族), and Tibetan (藏族) people. The village boasts beautiful surroundings, tidy streets, unique ethnic culture, and traditional architecture. Visitors can admire the unified reddish-brown walls, green decorations along the roads, and charming bridges over flowing water, creating an elegant, simple, and leisurely atmosphere.
Located northeast of Lashi Lake, Boduoluo is a pure Yi ethnic natural village. In the Yi language, “Boduoluo” means “the most beautiful valley in the world.” The village features not only stunning natural landscapes but also well-preserved Yi culture. To the north lies tranquil Lashi Lake, while to the west one can overlook the winding Jinsha River (金沙江). The surrounding scenery is considered “Lijiang’s paradise” (丽江的天堂), making it an excellent destination for hiking and nature exploration.
Located south of Hainan Village in Lashi Town (拉市镇), Manxiang Village retains traditional farming culture. The village mainly grows specialty economic fruits like Lijiang snow peaches (丽江雪桃), apples, and quinces. Although rural tourism in Lashi Town has developed for over a decade, Manxiang Village has avoided overdevelopment and preserved its original rural character.
Situated by Lashi Lake, Fishing Village primarily engages in fishing. With few residents and beautiful scenery, the village becomes particularly charming in winter when flocks of seagulls arrive at the lake. The wetland landscape with its autumn colors creates a picturesque view. Fishing Village is an excellent free spot to observe seagulls, with many nearby cafes offering perfect photo opportunities.
Each village around Lashi Lake has its own unique characteristics. Whether you want to experience the Dongba culture (东巴文化) of the Naxi people or immerse yourself in the folk customs of the Yi ethnic group, you can find your own tranquility and beauty here.
Lashi Lake (拉市海), located in Yulong Naxi Autonomous County (丽江市玉龙纳西族自治县), is a beautiful alpine wetland surrounded by villages with unique cultural and natural landscapes. The area offers not only stunning scenery but also diverse entertainment activities suitable for visitors of all ages and interests. Here are some recommended activities:
Horseback riding is a signature activity at Lashi Lake. Visitors can choose from different riding routes that pass through ancient Naxi villages (纳西古村落) and wetland meadows while enjoying lakeside scenery and distant snow-capped mountains. Routes are typically divided into:
Shuiyi Fang Riding Field (在水一方骑马场) → Ancient Naxi Village (纳西古村) → Huaguo Mountain (花果山) → Primeval Forest (原始森林) → Lovers’ Tree (情人树) → Snow Mountain Viewing Platform (雪山眺望台) → Sacred Spring (圣泉源) → Wanghai Slope (望海坡) → Shuiyi Fang Riding Field
Suitable for riders with some experience, offering longer distances and more beautiful scenery
Designed for experienced riders with more challenging terrain
The tranquil lake surface offers perfect conditions for boating. Visitors can depart from different docks including:
Tip: Bring biscuits to feed the seagulls during your boat ride for an interactive experience.
As Yunnan Province’s first nature reserve named after “wetland,” Lashi Lake Wetland Park (拉市海湿地公园) boasts beautiful landscapes and rich biodiversity. Visitors can stroll through the park to appreciate the alpine wetland ecosystem.
Evening bonfire parties allow visitors to dance and sing with local residents, experiencing authentic Naxi folk culture (纳西族民俗文化).
Numerous orchards around Lashi Lake offer fruit-picking activities, allowing visitors to enjoy fresh produce while connecting with nature.
Villages like Junliang (均良村) feature vast fields of edible and ornamental roses that bloom spectacularly each spring. Seasonal flowers like rapeseed blossoms and tulips also create beautiful displays.
The natural environment is ideal for:
Activities include:
The diverse entertainment activities around Lashi Lake offer something for everyone – whether experiencing Naxi Dongba culture or Yi ethnic customs (彝族民俗风情), visitors can find their own peaceful retreat. May these activities make your trip truly unforgettable.
Baoshan Stone City (宝山石头城) is located in Yulong Naxi Autonomous County (丽江市玉龙纳西族自治县), Yunnan Province. This ancient Naxi village boasts both a long history and stunning natural scenery, offering visitors diverse entertainment options through its unique landscapes and rich ethnic cultural activities.
As a typical Naxi settlement, Baoshan Stone City provides immersive traditional cultural experiences:
Visitors can enjoy authentic Naxi dishes including:
Explore displays about Naxi history and religious beliefs through the ancient Dongba culture.
During cultural festivals, performances feature:
The surrounding natural environment offers excellent adventure opportunities:
Multiple trails showcase:
The city’s unique location on a massive rock formation creates perfect cliffs for climbing enthusiasts.
Regular festivals provide immersive cultural experiences:
Held every November in Baoshan Township (宝山乡), featuring:
Visitors join locals in festive singing and dancing during major holidays.
Stay in characteristic guesthouses to experience authentic Naxi family life.
Participate in making traditional Naxi crafts:
Create your own memorable souvenirs.
Baoshan Stone City is not only a treasure trove of natural beauty and historical culture, but also a destination full of fun experiences. May these activities make your journey truly unforgettable.
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Yulong Snow Mountain (玉龙雪山) is located in (云南省丽江市) Lijiang City, (云南省) Yunnan Province. It is the southernmost large snow mountain in the Northern Hemisphere, with the main peak, (扇子陡)...
The Jade Dragon Snow Mountain (玉龙雪山) is located in Lijiang City (丽江市), Yunnan Province (云南省). As the southernmost large snow-capped mountain in the Northern Hemisphere, its main peak, Shanzidou...
Folk Festivals and Celebrations Naxi “Sanduo Festival” (纳西族”三多节”): Held annually from the 15th to the 20th day of the third lunar month, this traditional Naxi festival is a major...
Ancient History Warring States Period During the Warring States period, the area of (玉龙纳西族自治县) Yulong Naxi Autonomous County was part of the borderlands of the Qin state. When (楚庄蹻)...
Yulong County (玉龙县) is located in Lijiang City (丽江市), Yunnan Province (云南省). As a multi-ethnic region, it is primarily inhabited by several minority groups including the Naxi (纳西族), Yi...
Lashi Lake (拉市海), located in Yulong Naxi Autonomous County (丽江市玉龙纳西族自治县), is a picturesque alpine wetland surrounded by several villages boasting unique cultural and natural landscapes. Here are some noteworthy...
Lashi Lake (拉市海), located in Yulong Naxi Autonomous County (丽江市玉龙纳西族自治县), is a beautiful alpine wetland surrounded by villages with unique cultural and natural landscapes. The area offers not only...
Baoshan Stone City (宝山石头城) is located in Yulong Naxi Autonomous County (丽江市玉龙纳西族自治县), Yunnan Province. This ancient Naxi village boasts both a long history and stunning natural scenery, offering visitors...
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