Lu Zhantang – Representative Inheritor of Yao Indigo-dyeing Skill Project in Qiubei County, Wenshan
Biography
Lu Zhantang (陆占堂), male, of the Yao ethnic group, was born in 1945 in Chongge Village (冲革村), Jinping Town (锦屏镇), Qiubei County (丘北县), Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (文山壮族苗族自治州). He is the representative inheritor of the Yao Indigo Dyeing Technique (瑶族蓝靛制作技艺).
Characteristics of the Indigo Dyeing Technique
Natural Dye
Yao indigo is a pure, natural plant-based dye known for its vibrant color, pleasant fragrance, and antibacterial and mothproof properties. It is primarily used in batik and general fabric dyeing. It is also favored by traditional Chinese painters as a botanical source of indigo pigment.
Complex Craftsmanship
The process of making Yao indigo is intricate and follows precise methods. Indigo plants are typically harvested around August and September when they are lush and have high juice yield and pure color. The process includes:
- Placing fresh indigo plants into a fermentation pit to soak in water until the water turns blue and releases a pleasant indigo scent. The plants are then removed using wooden rakes and sieves to filter the juice.
- Adding powdered quicklime into the pit, stirring vigorously with wooden sticks until green foam rises to the surface.
- Sealing the pit tightly to avoid sun or rain exposure.
- After two days, lime and indigo water undergo sedimentation. The waste water on top is drained, and the semi-solid indigo slurry at the bottom is transferred to a storage pool and left to dry for 3–5 days until it becomes a paste.
- The indigo paste is stored at home for future use. When needed, it is mixed with water and edible alcohol in a dyeing vat.
Inheritance and Innovation
Tradition Passed Down
Lu Zhantang began learning the indigo craft from his father at the age of 15. After five years, he became proficient, with deep experience in both cultivating and processing indigo. He selects high-quality seeds and rotates planting locations to ensure robust growth and high juice yield.
Innovative Improvements
Lu pays close attention to the proportions of lime, soaking time, and intensity of stirring. His produced indigo is smooth and fine in texture, with a vibrant, jewel-like blue hue.
Cultural Significance
The Yao Indigo Dyeing Technique is a product of the Yao people’s diligence and wisdom. As a traditional craft passed down for centuries, preserving this technique is vital for developing ethnic craftsmanship and for anthropological and ethnological studies. As a key inheritor, Lu Zhantang not only masters the art but also plays a crucial role in safeguarding this intangible cultural heritage.
Contemporary Relevance of the Yao Indigo Dyeing Technique
Cultural Preservation and Heritage
Ethnic Culture
As a traditional handmade craft passed down through generations of Yao people, the indigo dyeing technique embodies Yao history, culture, and ethnic spirit. Preserving it helps retain unique cultural memory and strengthens cultural identity and pride among the Yao people.
Intangible Cultural Heritage
As a provincial-level intangible cultural heritage, the preservation of this technique enriches China’s cultural heritage. It helps promote traditional Chinese culture and offers valuable resources for anthropological and historical research.
Environmental and Sustainable Development
Eco-friendly Dye
Using purely natural indigo plants, the dyeing process is free from harmful chemicals. It is truly eco-friendly. In a society increasingly concerned with sustainability, natural indigo offers a green alternative to chemical dyes, reducing environmental pollution in textile dyeing.
Sustainability Practices
The inheritance of indigo craftsmanship aligns with sustainable development. Indigo plant cultivation brings income to local residents while enhancing environmental protection. Furthermore, it boosts cultural tourism and related industries, supporting balanced development across economic, social, and environmental dimensions.
Arts and Creative Industries
Artistic Use
The vibrant and pleasant qualities of indigo dye make it popular in contemporary art. It is used not only in traditional Chinese painting but also in handmade crafts and decorative pieces, providing rich inspiration and materials for artists.
Cultural Creative Product Design
By integrating traditional techniques with modern design, many culturally unique and contemporary creative products have emerged. For example, designers have blended indigo-dyed textiles with modern fashion design to create stylish clothing with a traditional flair. These innovations offer more consumer choices and breathe new life into traditional culture.
Economic Development
Local Industry Growth
The preservation of indigo craftsmanship fosters the development of local cultural industries. In Qiubei County (丘北县), Yunnan, local authorities encourage artisans, support indigo cultivation in villages, and organize competitions and exhibitions to promote the craft. This also boosts tourism and handmade industries, increasing employment and income for locals.
Branding and Market Expansion
With rising interest in traditional culture and natural products, indigo-based items hold a competitive edge. Strengthening branding and marketing can broaden their reach, increase value, and contribute more to local economic growth.
Education and Research
Educational Value
The technique offers rich resources for education. Schools can integrate it into their curricula to teach students about Yao culture, fostering pride and awareness. Practical lessons can enhance students’ hands-on and creative skills.
Research Value
As a traditional craft, the technique has high research potential. Studies can reveal Yao history, lifestyle, and social changes. Scientifically, it invites exploration into the chemistry, processes, and principles behind natural dyeing, providing insights for modern textile and dye industries.
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