Why is Three Parallel Rivers Natural Reserve So Special?

Three Parallel Rivers Natural Reserve is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, a nature reserve extending over 170,000 km2 within the undulating mountains of northwest Yunnan Province. It is the combination of seven geographical features over eight geographic regions. The whole reserve is composed of the drainage areas of the three great rivers – Nu River, Lancang River, Jinsha River, and the mountains around. It is a very rare phenomenon that the shortest distance between the Lancang River and Jinsha River is only 66 kilometers and between the Lancang River and Nu River the distance is less than 19 kilometers. It is also the inhabiting place of 16 ethnic groups. Different nationalities, languages, religions and customs co-exist, making it a special and unique region rarely seen in the world.

Where is Three Parallel Rivers Natural Reserve – Location

It lies within the drainage basins of the upper reaches of the Yangtze (Jinsha), Lancang (Mekong) and Nujiang (Salween) rivers, in the Yunnan section of the Hengduan Mountains. It covers three autonomous prefectures and cities, including Lijiang City, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province.

About the Three Parallel Rivers

The natural landscape comprises three great rivers of East Asia, namely, the Jinsha River (the upper reaches of the Yangtze River), the Lancang River (the upper reaches of the Mekong River), and the Nujiang River (the upper reaches of the Salween River). Originating in the Tanggula Mountain on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the three rivers flow parallel along the Hengduan Mountains for several hundred kilometers.

The Mekong runs through a gorge 310 km long. It crosses both Cambodia and Vietnam, and is the source of much of the food supply in both countries. The Yangtze River is China’s largest riverand the world’s 6th biggest. It stretches from here through Chongqing and Wuhan and ends at Shanghai. The Salween is important for the livelihood of the ethnic people in Burma and Thailand. The river valley in Burma is known for its beauty, and it flows to the Indian Ocean.

Geologic Origin of Three Parallel Rivers

The Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas is representative of landscapes demonstrating the Earth’s evolution over major geological time periods and bio-evolution at important phases. In ancient times, as a result of the collision between India Plate and Eurasian Plate, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was ballooned up, creating the parallel mountains and rivers within a length of 150 kilometers, including the Dulong River, Gaoligong Mountain, Nu River, Lancang River, Yunling Mountain and Jinsha River in this area. Therefore the natural sceneries here are quite unique not only in China, but also in the world.

Features of Three Parallel Rivers Natural Reserve

The natural scenery of Three Parallel Rivers is located at the deep narrow valleys in the mountainous areas of the southern part of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, in southwest China’s Yunnan Province. On this piece of land, there are high mountains, deep valleys, snow-capped peaks, large glaciers, lakes with potable water, wild forest, marshy grassland, rare animals and precious plants.

The height of snow-covered mountains in this area varies from 2,000 meters to 6,000 meters, and there are over 100 snow-covered mountains higher than 5, 000 meters, with Meili Snow Mountain as the top one. The deep gorges of Nu River Gorge(eg. Oriental Grand Gorge), Lancang River Gorges and Jinsha River Gorges(eg. Tiger Leaping Gorge) are particularly famous. There are 20% Higher Plants and over 25% more animals in this area including Yunnan golden monkeys, antelopes, snow leopards, Bengalese tigers and black necked cranes.

Its demographic make-up also is highly interesting as it contains many of the twenty-five minorities found in Yunnan province including the Derung, the smallest of all of China’s minority groups. Some of the other minorities found in this region are the Tibetan people, the Nu people, Lisu, Bai, Pumi and Naxi. Many of these minorities still use traditional costumes as their normal daily attire.

How to Get to Three Parallel Rivers Natural Reserve

To Lijiang City:
Lijiang is easily reachable since becoming a popular tour destination at the end of the 1990s. Tourists can take flight, train or coach getting there. More info please refer to Lijiang Transportation.

To Diqing Prefecture:
With a small regional airport, Shangri-La mainly relies on its roads as the main means of transportation. Tourists can take the flight or coach getting there. More info please refer to Diqing Transportation.

To Nujiang Prefecture:
Tourists need to get to Liuku in Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture first, and then take the local bus to Fugong, Gongshan and Bingzhongluo Village. This itinerary gives visitors a chance to explore the Nu River Gorge. More info please refer to Nujiang Transportation.

Main Attractions

Shangri-La
Shangri-La is depicted as “Eden in dream” by British novelist James Hilton’s Lost Horizon in the 1939, a famous area with numerous natural landscapes and unique Tibetan customs. The main attractions in Shangrila include Songzanlin Lamasery, Pudacuo National Park, Meli Snow Mountain, Baishuitai, Tiger Leaping Gorge, etc.

Lijiang City
Lijiang, a popular destination in Yunnan, is considered as a fairyland blessed with fresh air, clear streams, breathtaking snow mountains and an undisturbed landscape inhabited by a friendly group of people. The main attractions include Lijiang Old Town, Jade Dragon Snow Mountain, Tiger Leaping Gorge, Lashi Lake, Lugu Lake, etc.

Nujiang Area
There are much to see or to do in Nujiang. Minorities in Nujiang is the most diverse in China and the population of minorities is the largest. The main attractions include Nujiang Grand Canyon, Bingzhongluo scenic Area, Gaoligongshan Mountain, Dulongjiang valley, etc.

Tours including Three Parallel Rivers Natural Reserve

10 Days Three Parallel Rivers Circle Tour with Nanjiluo and Biluo Snow Mountain Hiking
12 Days Yunnan Three Parallel Rivers Overland Tour with Biluo and Meili Snow Mountains
13 Days Three Parallel Rivers Circle Adventure with Tiger Leaping Gorge and Yubeng Village Hiking Tour
15 Days Three Parallel Rivers Overland Adventure with Dulongjiang River Valley and Tiger Leaping Gorge Hiking
20 Days Yunnan Three Parallel Rivers Adventure Trekking Tour
46 Days Yunnan Panorama Photography Tour with 25 Ethnic Minorities Discovery and Three Parallel Rivers Hiking Adventure

Why is Pudacuo National Park So Special

Being one of the most bio-diverse regions in China’s Yunnan Province, Pudacuo National Park is the first national park in Chinese mainland which was announced on June 25, 2007. With its crystal-clear lakes, undulating mountains and gurgling streams, Pudacuo National Park is definitely a wonderful natural wonderland. Among China’s 2,500 nature reserves, Pudacuo is the only one meets the standards for national parks established by The World Conservation Union. In addition to its rare vegetation and mammal species, the stunning natural beauty of landscape is unmissable for visitors as well.

Where is Pudacuo National Park – Location

Situated in the east of Shangri-La, Pudacuo National Park is about 22 kilometers and 40 minutes’ drive from Shangri-La downtown area. It is about 26.2 km from Songzanlin Monastery and 25.1 km from Dukezong Old Town and Guishan Hill.

How to Get There

By Bus: At Shangri-La Bus Station, there are buses running to Pudacuo National Park at 08:00, 08:30, 09:30 and 10:00. And the return  time is 14:00, 14:30, 15:00 and 16:30.

By Minivan Rental: Tourists can hire minivan to Pudacuo National Park at the square in Dukezong Old Town. 

By Taxi: It takes 40 minutes from Shangri-la County; a single trip costs CNY 80 and a round-trip costs CNY 150.

History and Culture 

Pudacuo National Park was announced on June 25, 2007, and is notable as the first national park in China to meet International Union for Conservation of Nature standards. It is a provincial nature reserve with an elevation between 3500 meters and 4159 meters, as well as an important part of the “Three Parallel Rivers” scenic area.  

Main Attractions

Bita Lake

Bita Lake, lying in the heart of Pudacuo National Park is crowned as a pearl of the Plateau with an average depth of 20 meters. Being 3 kilometers long and 1 kilometer wide, Bita Lake sits on an altitude of 3,530 meters. As legends told, the lake was said to be incarnated from a piece of mirror belonged to a Goddess when she attempted to mend the sky. A small wooden island serving as a shelter for a variety of rare species of birds was built in the center of the lake.

Shudu Lake

Shudu Lake as one of the biggest lakes in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is 3,705 meters above the sea level. Covering an area of 15 square kilometers, the lake is renowned for its stunning natural sceneries especially in every spring and summer. Visitors here can hear the sound of flute, see herds of yak and goat grazing beside the lake.

Militang Pasture

The area between the Bita Lake and Shudu Lake is the Militang Pasture which is the largest pastureland in Pudacuo National Park. Militang Pasture is dotted with yaks and cabbage-like grass. The term Militang in Tibetan refers to “the Buddha’s eye” because of its eye-shaped appearance from a bird’s view angle.

Recommended Visiting Route

It has two lakes, a visitor center, several interesting minority villages, lush forests and pasture views.

First Stop(Shudu Lake): From the visitor center a park bus takes visitors to the first stop, 13 km away from where there are several miles of raised wooden walkways around the 120-hectare (300-acre) Shudu Lake (属都湖). 

Second Stop(Militang Pasture): Travelers cannot get down to the pasture and have close contact with the cattle, horse, sheep yet, but there is a grand sightseeing platform for travelers to shoot amazing photos and enjoy the gorgeous meadow scenery. It is recommended to stay for 10-15 minutes.

Last Stop(Bita Lake): The next bus destination is Bita Lake (碧塔海), 3,500 metres (11,482 feet) above sea level. It is surrounded by dense deciduous forests. The bus stops a few feet from a wharf from where visitors can take a boat ride around the lake and to the island in the center. Price for the boat ride is 50 RMB. It is just over 1.6 km (1.0 mi) from where the boat disembarks to the bus pick up point. Alternatively, one may walk down the 1.9 km (1.2 mi) path from the South entrance and hike to and exit the park from the West entrance. Getting to the West entrance requires both a boat and ferry ride. The entire hike can take 4–6 hours. Riding horses are also available.

Best Time to Go

Pudacuo National Park is suitable for traveling all the year around. Different season has different scenery. While Spring and autumn are the best time to visit. In spring, the hills are covered with colorful azalea, and in autumn it has a colorful scene.

It’s recomended to wear clothes when traveling to Pudacuo National Park during winter seasons. Please check weather forecast of Shangri-La and prepare warm clothes before you come.

Nearby Attractions

Ganden Songzanlin Monastery, Shangri-la

Being the largest Tibetan Buddhist monastery in Yunnan, Songzanlin Monastery, also known as Guihua Monastery, is one of the famous monasteries in the Kang region. It is located near Shangri -La County, at the foot of Foping Mountain.

Three Parallel Rivers Natural Reserve of Yunnan Province

These great rivers and the ecology is protected by a national park 310 km by 180 km in size. UNESCO World Heritage calls it one of the world’s most biologically diverse temperate regions on the planet. Now this protected area is a site for ecotouring.

Gaoligong Mountain National Nature Reserve

Gaoligong Mountain National Nature Reserve(高黎贡山国家自然保护区) is known as the World Species Gene Bank with the high biological diversity. It runs through the southern section of Hengduan Mountains from south to north. Covering a total area of 120,000 hectares with forest coverage of 85%, the Reserve is about 9 kilometers wide from the east to the west, and 135 kilometers long from the south to the  north. Gaoligong Mountain National Nature Reserve is characterized by its natural landscape of biological and climate vertical belts, various types of vegetation, and a great variety of plants and animals. 

Why is Gaoligong Mountain National Nature Reserve so special?

The Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve enjoys the diverse plants and animals. It is the north-south biological corridor of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Indosinian Peninsula. It is a wild animal and plant germplasm gene bank in sub-tropical, temperate and cold-temperate zones, also the famous seed plant base. Specimen origin. It is one of the most intact and primitive areas of evergreen broad-leaved forests in China, and it also preserves typical warm, cold-temperate coniferous forest ecosystems. It is listed as the national natural reserve by the State Council in 1986.

Where is Gaoligong Mountain Natural Reserve?

 Gaoligong Mountain National Nature Reserve lies at the conjecture of Baoshan City, Tengchong County and Lushui County, west of Yunnan Province. It is to the west side of Nujiang River and at the Sino-Myanmar border. The Reserve lies between east longitude of 98o34′- 98o50′ and north latitude of 24o56′- 26o09′.

Climate in Gaoligong Mountain National Nature Reserve

The Reserve lies in the central subtropical zone. Due to its location in southwest monsoon zone of the Indian Ocean, wind often blows from the west. The high peaks and deep valleys of the Mountains have created in this mountain area three different climate zones, namely, subtropical, temperate and cold temperate. From the foot of the mountain to its top there are concretely 6 different types namely south subtropical, mid subtropical, north subtropical, warm temperate, mid temperate, and cold temperate zones. The precipitation increases gradually from 736.7 millimeters on the east slope with an elevation of 755 meters, 1,763 millimeters on the west slope with an elevation of 1,440 meters to 3,904.4 millimeters at the top with an elevation of 3,210 meters. This constitutes a unique multi-level climate and an entire subtropical ecosystem resulting in its strikingly splendid landscape of biological and climate vertical belts, which leaves people an impression that different section of the mountains is in different season even on the same day.

Physical Features of Gaoligong Mountain National Nature Reserve

As part of Hengduan Mountains, Gaoligong Mountain is long and narrow and its terrain is south-to-north, higher in the north and lower in the south, with a relative height difference of more than 2,827 meters. The highest peak, Wona, is 3,916 meters above the sea level. To the east of Wona Peak lies the Great Nujiang Canyon ranking second of its kind in the world.  

The Gaoligong Mountain is surrounded by scores of volcanoes, and therefore the Reserve is rich in geothermal resources. There are 4 scores of hot springs with marked curative effect on skin diseases and rheumatism. In the Reserve, steams and waterfalls can be seen here and there. Tingming Lake on the top of the mountain is a crate lake formed several hundred years ago, and it is limpid and transparent.

What to See

Plants in Gaoligong Mountain National Nature Reserve

Vegetation here is vertically and obviously distributed into 9 types, including monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest, temperate coniferous forest, mountain liverwort shrub, cold temperate grassy marshland, etc.

Recent research shows that there are more than 1,000 species of higher plants in the Reserve. The evergreen broad-leaved forest in the east and west mountain areas is one of the best-preserved forests in Yunnan Province. The evergreen broad-leaved forest here is mainly composed of camphor trees and camellia, etc. The Reserve is proper habitats of over 20 precious species such as Phoebe nanmu, and Tsuga Chinensis. In addition, it is rich in medicinal, oil, and fibrous plants and has preserved rare medicinal plants in China and the world as a whole.
 
Animals in Gaoligong Mountain National Nature Reserve

The unique geographical location and climate features make Gaoligong Mountain National Nature Reserve a paradise of wild animals. Hengduan Mountains extending from south to north was called by zoologists as the source of mammals”, forming a complex fauna pattern with both new and ancient types and a feature of transition from south to north. Among a great variety of animals, there are over 30 species under state protection such as antelopes, Hylobates hoolock leuconedys, Nycticebus coucang bengalensis, clouded leopards and civets. Among them, antelopes that enjoy the same reputation with giant pandas and golden monkeys are indigenous animals of Gaoligong Mountain. There are more than 300 species of birds such as silver pheasants, golden pheasants, peacocks, sunbirds and various Garrulax canorus.

Recommended Tours

8 Days Yunnan Gaoli Gongshan Mountain Birding Tour

10 Days West Yunnan Birding Tour with Gaoli Gongshan Mountain, Tongbiguan Nature Reserve and Ruili Tropical Forest

14 Days West Yunnan Birding Tour with Gaoli Gongshan Mountain and Lijiang Lashihai Lake

Best Time to Visit

It is an ideal choice for travelers visiting Gaoligong Mountain in May. Travelers can enjoy the charming landscape and favorable weather, without much rain.

Useful Travel Tips

There are many rare plants and animals in this natural reserve. Please protect them carefully.

Beihai Wetland Reserve

The wetland is surrounded by mountains, located in a special geographical position, and is a typical subtropical volcanic lava barrier lake marsh wetland. The reserve features a “floating blanket style” marsh, complex biodiversity and high productivity. The reserve is not only a garden of national protected plants like Brasenia schreberi and wildwater chestnuts, but it is also a paradise for water birds.

Where is Beihai Wetland Reserve?

Tengchong Beihai Wetland Reserve is located in the north-west part of Tengchong County, at a distance of 12.5 kilometers from the county. It is the only National Wetland Reserve in Yunnan Province, covering an area of 16.29 square kilometers.

How to get to Beihai Wetland Reserve?

Take a minibus at Tengchong Ximen Bus Station; the trip costs 5 yuan and takes 20 minutes. It is a good choice for you to cycle to Beihai Wetland Reserve and enjoy the beautiful scenery on the way.

What to See

Water Grassland
Tengchong Wetland is very special. Numerous lush water plants are interwoven and are continuously thriving. Day after day, year after year, old plants decompose and new plants sprout, finally contributing to many one-meter thick meadows, like small grass islands floating above the water. Walking barefoot on a grass island is like walking on a sponge.

Local people often cut apart a grass meadow and use it as a raft so that they can catch fishes and shrimps on it; some people even dig a small hole in a meadow and put a fishing rod through the hole to go fishing which is very interesting.

Every mid-to-late April is the most beautiful season in the reserve; you will love the sea of blooming Beihai orchids there. The meadows turn yellow in autumn but are still amazing to see. The aroma of grass is floating in the air, wild ducks are quacking from amongst the reeds, and tourists are enjoying taking soft steps on the meadows. Boating on the lake, surrounded by the beautiful landscape, you will feel like you are in a prairie, a prairie floating on the water.

Main Attractions

Graveyard of the National Heroes

The Graveyard of the National Heroes (国殇墓园) constructed to honour the martyrs at the battle of recovering Tengchong lies in the west of the county seat at about 1 kilometre’s distance. The construction was started in 1944 and completed on the 7th of July, 1945. It was Li Genyuan who called for the construction of the memorial graveyard. Covering over 10,000 square meters, the main structures are the memorial tower, the martyrs’ tombs, the memorial hall and the gate.

Rehai Hot Spring 

Tengchong Rehai Hot Spring Scenic Area, commonly known as Rehai, is located in Qingshui Township, southwest of Tengchong County, about 10 kilometers from Tengchong County. There are more than 80 hot springs in the this area, offering the water over 90 °C. You can see the hot springs screaming everywhere, making the scenic area foggy. Rehai Hot Spring provides soft water in high temperature and high salinity, which are beneficial to the health. It is the best place for geothermal therapy in China.

Best Time to Visit

The most beautiful season in Beihai Wetland is from April to May, with a land full of purple orchids.

Useful Travel Tips

Hotels in Tengchong County are based in the Gongting Alley area; travel advisers of Yunnan Exploration will arrange the best accommodation for you.

Chinese Name: 曲靖市会泽大桥黑颈鹤国家级自然保护区
English Name: Daqiao Black-necked Crane National Nature Reserve in Huize County, Qujing

Area Coverage

The total area of the reserve is 12,910.64 hectares, with the Daqiao section covering 9,076.28 hectares and the Changhaizi section covering 3,834.36 hectares. The core area is 3,930.79 hectares, accounting for 30.45% of the total area; the buffer zone covers 4,313.20 hectares, accounting for 33.40%; and the experimental area covers 4,666.65 hectares, accounting for 36.15%.

Protected Objects

The Huize Black-necked Crane National Nature Reserve primarily protects the ecological environment of the Black-necked Crane and its wintering wetland habitats. Additionally, it protects other national first-class protected animals such as the Black Stork, Mandarin Duck, and 102 other bird species.

Plant Resources

1. The reserve records a total of 482 species of wild vascular plants belonging to 118 families and 317 genera. This includes 48 species, 30 genera, and 17 families of ferns; 436 species, 287 genera, and 103 families of seed plants (including 12 species, 9 genera, and 4 families of gymnosperms; and 422 species, 278 genera, and 97 families of angiosperms).
2. The vegetation types in the reserve include evergreen broad-leaved forests, deciduous broad-leaved forests, warm-temperate coniferous forests, temperate coniferous forests, sparse shrubs and grasslands, shrubs, meadows, aquatic vegetation, and dryland vegetation.

Animal Resources

The Huize Black-necked Crane Reserve has recorded 186 species of terrestrial vertebrates belonging to 4 classes, 23 orders, and 58 families. This includes 28 species of mammals, 131 species of birds, 13 species of reptiles, and 6 species of amphibians.

Among them, the Leopard Cat and Himalayan Striped Squirrel are listed as vulnerable and endangered species in the “China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals” (edited by Wang Song, 1998). Four species of birds including the Black-necked Crane, Black Stork, Mandarin Duck, and Golden Eagle are listed as national first-class protected animals. Seven species including the Intermediate Egret, Mandarin Duck, Black Kite, Eurasian Sparrowhawk, Eurasian Kestrel, Northern Goshawk, Peregrine Falcon, Red-tailed Hawk, White-bellied Pheasant, Common Crane, and Hooded Crane are listed as national second-class protected animals. Three species including the Bar-headed Goose, Ferruginous Duck, and Black-crowned Barwing are listed as Yunnan provincial key protected bird species. Among these protected bird species, the Black-necked Crane is listed in Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), while the Black Stork, Intermediate Egret, Hooded Crane, and Golden Eagle are listed in Appendix II of CITES. One species of amphibian, the Double-sporum Spiny Frog, is listed as vulnerable in the “China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals.” The reserve is also home to over 5,000 other waterfowl, including 17 species of diving birds such as grebes, cormorants, and terns, and 21 species of wading birds such as herons, egrets, cranes, and rails. Larger populations include the Common Teal and Northern Shoveler, each numbering nearly a thousand individuals.

(1) Black-necked Crane (Grus nigricollis)

The Black-necked Crane is a national first-class protected wild animal. The Huize Black-necked Crane Nature Reserve is one of the main wintering grounds for Chinese Black-necked Cranes, with over 500 individuals typically wintering here. Their wintering habitats mainly consist of marsh wetlands (over 60%), grasslands (20-38%), and agricultural fields and shallow water wetlands (less than 10%).

(2) Common Crane (Grus grus)

A national second-class protected wild animal. According to a 2002 survey organized by the Provincial Forestry Department, there were over 740 Common Cranes in the reserve, with 690 in Daqiao and over 40 in Changhaizi. However, a comprehensive scientific survey in February 2009 showed a decrease to just over 400 individuals.

(3) Scaly-sided Merganser (Mergus squamatus)

A national first-class protected wild animal, rarely seen. On January 13, 2004, a pair was found foraging in shallow water areas of Daqiao Reservoir amidst a mixed group including Common Mergansers. On February 4th and 5th, 2009, two individuals were observed at the head and tail of Daqiao Reservoir, respectively, mingling with Common Mergansers.

(4) Black Stork (Ciconia nigra)

A national first-class protected animal listed in CITES Appendix II, occasionally seen as a winter migratory bird. One was found in the Daqiao area in the winter of 2003, and two were found in Changhaiwei on December 13, 2008.

(5) Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) and other Raptors

The Golden Eagle is a national first-class protected animal, a rare resident bird. It is occasionally seen circling above wetlands, but in very small numbers. Other raptors such as the Black Kite, Eurasian Sparrowhawk, Eurasian Kestrel, Northern Goshawk, and Peregrine Falcon are frequently observed hovering over wetlands, waiting to hunt. A few species of owls are also reported locally, but their types have not been confirmed.

(6) Eurasian Spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia)

A national second-class protected animal, occasionally seen as a migratory or wintering bird. Two were found in winter 2008.

(7) Mandarin Duck (Aix galericulata)

A national second-class protected wild animal. Previously unrecorded in the reserve, one was found dead from predation by raptors on February 8, 2007, by Yang Hua, a villager of Daqiao Township.

(8) Bar-headed Goose (Anser indicus)

A Yunnan provincial protected wild animal. On February 5, 2009, over 500 Bar-headed Geese were found gathering at the water’s edge of Haizitou in Daqiao to roost overnight. According to scientific expedition reports, the Huize Black-necked Crane Nature Reserve is the largest wintering ground for Bar-headed Geese in the province, accounting for more than half of the total population.

(9) Ruddy Shelduck (Tadorna ferruginea)

A Yunnan provincial protected wild animal. According to a 2002 survey of major wetlands in the province, there were about 6,000 individuals, with over 2,300 in both Daqiao and Changhai, accounting for about 38% of the total. A station survey in 2004 found 3,880 individuals, and a scientific expedition in 2008 estimated around 2,500, averaging about 3,000 individuals, representing 50% of the total Ruddy Shelduck population in major wetlands of the province. During the scientific survey, the largest aggregation observed was 123 individuals. However, during a survey from February 3-8, 2009, the number had significantly decreased to just over 1,000 individuals.

(10) Swan Goose (Anser cygnoides)

Occasionally seen as a migratory bird and wintering bird. Previously unrecorded in Yunnan Province, two were captured by farmers in Jinzhong Town, Huize County in December 1999. On February 4, 2009, one was found in a flock of Bar-headed Geese at Daqiao.

The conservation measures undertaken since the Huize Black-necked Crane National Nature Reserve

Since becoming a national-level protected area, the reserve has implemented the following resource management and conservation efforts:

1. Patrol and Monitoring: Employed local patrol personnel, combining professional staff with local community members. Seasonal patrols focus primarily on monitoring and guarding protected species within the reserve, with a primary focus on Black-necked Cranes and Common Cranes, as well as other large waterfowl wintering in the area.
2. Supplementary Feeding: During heavy snowfalls or periods of food scarcity, caretakers provide supplementary feeding to Black-necked Cranes. This intervention ensures a food source for the cranes during difficult foraging periods, thereby safeguarding their wintering safety.
3. Wetland Habitat Enhancement: Recognizing that marshlands are crucial to the survival of Black-necked Cranes, efforts were made to improve their habitat. From August 10 to August 18, 2008, a dam was constructed 100 meters long, located 1000 meters south of the reservoir tail in the Changhaizi area. This dam effectively increased the area of functional marsh wetlands by 2000 square meters, providing better nesting and foraging grounds for Black-necked Cranes.
4. Grassland Restoration: Black-necked Cranes require open grassland (meadows) for their survival. To enhance their habitat and expand their foraging areas, a grassland restoration project was initiated around the water bodies of the Changhaizi area from August 1 to August 15, 2008. The project focused on restoring approximately 1000 mu (about 66.67 hectares) of grassland. The main grass species used included ryegrass, clover, and mountain fescue, chosen for their cold and drought resistance. The seeding was conducted using furrow and strip sowing methods, successfully restoring the grassland area.

These conservation efforts aim to protect and enhance the ecological environment of the Huize Black-necked Crane National Nature Reserve, ensuring the sustainable habitat for the Black-necked Cranes and other wildlife species within the reserve.

Wangtianshu Scenic Spot

Wangtianshu Scenic Attraction is the only oasis at 21 degrees north latitude, and has been recognized internationally as China’s unique tropical rainforest. What is the most impressive in the park are the towering Shorea chinensis (Sky Trees) that are the rainforest iconic images in South and Southeast Asia. An Air Corridor (Kong Zhong Zou Lang), 2500 meters long and 36 meters high, has been built on the high canopies. It remains a challenge to both visitors and scientists. The well-protected tropical rainforest that was discovered by the Chinese reputed botanist Mr. Cai Xitao (1911-1981) and witnessed by Prince Philip of the UK, surprised many people when it was unveiled to the outside world.  With hotels and air corridor, you can travel and lodge here.

Where is Wangtianshu Scenic Spot?

Wangtianshu Scenic Attraction is located in Mengla County of Xishuangbanna Prefecture. It is 130 kilometers away from Jinghong and 370 kilometers from Luang Prabang-a world cultural heritage site of Laos.

How to Get to Wangtianshu Scenic Spot?

Take bus from Jinghong Banna Bus Station to Mengla County, run every 30 minutes, the ticket price is CNY 50. Then change a car to Wangtianshu Scenic Spot, CNY 9 for this bus.

Main Attractions

◊Wangtianshu (Sky Trees)

Wangtianshu, one of peculiar tree species in Xishuangbanna State, is distributed in Buwa and Jingpiao in Mengla County, meaning “tree that gazes upon the sky”. These trees reach 70 or 80 meters high in the air. This park north of Mengla has a rickety walkway through the canopy, running from Wangtianshu to Wangtianshu. You must first go to the Air Corridor to experience the thrilling feeling. Then you can appreciate the wonders of the nature in the tropical rainforest. Strolling in the forest, there are so many liana, epiphyte and fern, especially the cruel garrotte phenomena.

◊Air Corridor

The “Air Corridor” in Wangtianshu Scenic Spot is 2.5 kilometers long and 36 meters high. Connected by the bulky iron chains between Wangtianshu, the wooden road surface is laid on the corridor, with ropes protection around. It is breathtaking walking on the corridor. From the corridor, you can enjoy a bird view of the whole rainforest.

◊Cai Xitao Path

Cai Xitao came to Bubeng Village of Mengla County for study on the rainforest and find the Parashorea Cathayensis, improving the existence of rainforest in China. This path is named for the great scientist Cai Xitao.

◊Tropical rainforest

The rainforest exhibits a high bio-diversity beyond one’s imagination. Only the arboreal layer can be further classified into three to four detailed sub-layers. The forest is full of adnascent plants and entwining rattans which can totally extend miles if flattened. Aged stems incredibly bear clusters of blossoms and fruits. In order to get more sun light, lots of herbal plants have grown huge leaves that can shelter several people from the rain.

◊Five Spectacular Sights

There are 5 spectacular sights in the forest park: (1)-Buttressed base roots(板根); (2)-Plants strangling(绞杀); (3)-Old stem bearing blossoms and fruits(老茎怀春); (4)-Parasitic and adnascent plants(寄生附生); (5)-Drip-dip leaves(滴水叶尖).Nanla River

There is a Nanla River in the spot, legendary a place for Shakyamuni Buddha to chant sutras and pour tea. You can take a boat strolling the river, to explore the wonder of rainforest. It is unique from other scenic spots. Usually need 40RMB for one-way boating.

Recommended Tours

3 Days XishuangBanna Hiking Tour to Yao Ethnic Village and The Air Corridor

7 Days Yunnan Family Tour and Student Education with Xishuangbanna Tropical Forest Adventure and Minorities Discovery

Best Time to Visit

Belonging to tropical rainforest climate, Xishuangbanna’s dry season is from November to April the next year and rainy season is from May to October. With annual average temperature of 21c, it has long summer and no winter. With cool and pleasant four seasons, the best time for traveling Xishuangbanna is from October to April the next year. 

• The Water-Splashing Festival, the most important festival for the Dai People to celebrate New Year, is usually celebrated in the middle of April.
• Try to avoid Chinese public holidays, such as Labor Day (May 1st to 3rd) and National Day (October 1st to 7th). It is recommended that you start your day early so as to avoid crowds.

Nearby Attraction 

Menglun Tropical Botanical Garden

Useful Travel Tips

●It is better to prepare some mosquito products and sun block in case of insects and sunlight.

●Respect the local customs of Dai and other minorities.

●The Alianya Water-Splashing Show

The Water-Splashing Festival, New Years Day by Dai calendar, will be celebrated in the Jinghong City Proper between April 12 and 18. The grandest festival of the Dai is usually held along with activities such as dragon-boat racing, sending off skyrockets, and throwing love pouches. It is believed that everyone being splashed at will have good luck. There is a Water-Splashing show in the spot every day. Tourist will have a happy experience to join them.

●Wifi covering

The most convenient of the spot is 80% of the spot covered with WIFI, and the internet speed is very good. You can use the internet without considering PB per month.  This is very rare in the domestic scenic spots.

Overview

The Songhuaba Dam Nature Reserve (松花坝自然保护区) is located in the northeastern part of Kunming (昆明), within the counties (districts) of Songming (嵩明) and Guandu (官渡) in Yunnan Province (云南省). The geographical coordinates are between 102°45′ to 102°59′ East and 25°08′ to 25°27′ North, covering a total area of 62,980 hectares. The reserve serves as a vital ecological zone, contributing significantly to the local environment and biodiversity.

Geographic Environment

The Songhuaba Dam Nature Reserve is situated in the northeastern area of Kunming, specifically in Songming and Guandu. The reserve encompasses a total area of 62,980 hectares. The Songhuaba Reservoir has a dam height of 47 meters and a total storage capacity of 6.8 million cubic meters. The annual regional runoff is approximately 210 million cubic meters in normal years. This area is recognized as the source of the Panlong River (盘龙江) and is part of the watershed for Dianchi Lake (滇池). The water source from Songhuaba is crucial for both agricultural and industrial production in Kunming, as well as for the daily lives of its residents. The reserve was established in 1981 as a provincial-level nature reserve.

Historical Background

The governance of Dianchi Lake saw significant contributions from Ertai (鄂尔泰), who served as the administrative head of Yunnan and Guizhou during the Yongzheng era of the Qing Dynasty (清朝). Between the seventh and tenth years of Yongzheng (1729–1732), the water system of Dianchi Lake underwent comprehensive management efforts. These included dredging six rivers that flow into Dianchi and constructing flood control gates. Huang Shijie (黄士杰), an official in charge of water conservancy, also authored “A Discussion of the Six Rivers in Yunnan Province” (《云南省六河图说》), summarizing the experiences and lessons learned from the management of the Dianchi water system.

The water conservancy project at Songhuaba has seen development throughout the Yuan (元), Ming (明), and Qing (清) dynasties, with multiple stages of construction of water diversion tunnels and irrigation systems along the banks of the Panlong and Jinzi Rivers (金汁河). The Songhuaba canal system connects with other river systems, such as Yinji (银汁), Baoxiang (宝象), Maliiao (马料), and Haiyuan (海源), collectively forming the water conservancy project system in the Dianchi region, referred to as the Six Rivers of Kunming (昆明六河水利).

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the floodgates were repaired and expanded, increasing the irrigated area significantly.

Location:

Overview

Meishucun Nature Reserve (梅树村自然保护区) was established in 1989 and is located 7 kilometers northwest of Jinning District (晋宁县), Kunming City (昆明市), Yunnan Province (云南省). It is recognized as a provincial-level nature reserve in Yunnan, covering a linear area of 12 kilometers. The primary objective of the reserve is to protect the Cambrian geological profile from the Precambrian period, featuring diverse geological landscapes such as karst mountains, glacial caves, and volcanic terrain. The reserve lies on the southern edge of the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou carbonate platform and the ancient coastal region of the Yunnan-Guizhou plateau, characterized by its unique paleogeographical environment.

Geographical Location:
7 kilometers northwest of Jinning District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province

Attraction Level:
Provincial-level nature reserve

Established:
1989

Geographic Features

The reserve is situated in the central part of Yunnan Province, 7 kilometers northwest of Jinning District, at the southwestern edge of the Yangtze Platform (扬子地台). The geological profile of Meishucun is located on the southern wing of the Xiangtiaochong Anticline, extending east-west, with a dip direction of 140 to 244 degrees and a dip angle of 15 to 17 degrees.

Protected Features

The reserve encompasses various geological features, including karst mountains, glacial caves, and volcanic landforms. It is located at the southern edge of the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou carbonate platform, providing a specific paleogeographical environment. The Cambrian and Precambrian strata in this region exhibit the following characteristics:

1. Sediments are primarily composed of endogenous carbonates and phosphates.
2. Coastal structures are well-developed, with common features such as ripple marks, cross-laminations, and erosion structures. Shallow water structures are prominent, with coeval granule, sand, and oolitic bioclastic structures as well as phosphatic stromatolites.
3. Abundant biological fossils are present, characterized by microfossils and trace fossils.

The geological profile includes sections from Tuan Mountain (团山), Xiaowaitou Mountain (小歪头山), and Badawan (八道湾). This profile is a standard type section for the Lower Cambrian Meishucun Stage (梅树村阶) in China, known for its rare fossils and typical mineral deposits. The vertical evolution of the strata in this profile is consistent with the overall development in eastern Yunnan. The sedimentary area has experienced a gradual deepening of seawater and a transition in paleoclimate from hot and dry to warm and humid. The continuous changes in sedimentary facies, the evolution of biota, and the transitions in material composition highlight the integrative contact relationships among the various groups and sections of the Meishucun profile. Particularly notable is the rich biota and continuous evolution, establishing this profile as a benchmark for the Yangtze platform in eastern Yunnan. The continuous and complete sequence of strata, along with the abundant microfossils and trace fossils, provides significant geological insights for stratigraphic correlation and boundary delineation, as well as favorable conditions for isotopic geological dating of the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary.

In 1984, the reserve was designated by the International Union of Geological Sciences as one of the global candidate sections, and a “golden nail” was embedded here as a permanent cultural artifact.

Climate

Kunming is known as the “Spring City” (春城) and features a temperate plateau humid monsoon climate. With long sunshine hours and mild weather year-round, it is suitable for tourism in all seasons. The average annual temperature in the urban area of Kunming is around 15°C, with the hottest months averaging between 19°C and 22°C, while the coldest months see average temperatures of 6°C to 8°C. The best time for visiting is from March to October, when the scenery is most beautiful, and it coincides with numerous ethnic festivals, as well as the peak season for fruits and flowers. Early spring in March also offers views of snow-capped mountains.

Chinese Name: 绿春黄连山保护区
English Name: Huanglianshan Mountain in Luchun County, Honghe

Basic Information

Ecosystem

Rare Species

Plants

Animals

Geographic Significance

Management Authority

Location:

Overview

The Qinghua Green Peafowl Nature Reserve (巍山青华绿孔雀自然保护区) is located in Weishan County (巍山县), Yunnan Province (云南省), specifically in Qinghua Township (青华乡) around Beiyin Qing (背阴箐), Huangjiafen (黄家坟), and Baoziwo (豹子窝). This reserve primarily aims to protect the green peafowl (绿孔雀, Pavo muticus), a nationally protected first-class species, as well as second-class protected species such as the white pheasant (白鹇, Lophura nycthemera), white-bellied golden pheasant (白腹锦鸡, Chrysolophus amherstiae), the Sumatran serow (苏门羚, Capricornis sumatraensis), and the pangolin (穿山甲, Manis pentadactyla), along with their habitats.

In 2022, staff from the Dali Weishan Qinghua Green Peafowl Provincial Nature Reserve Administration discovered the giant ibis (巨䴓) for the first time in the reserve during routine patrols. On November 30, 2023, the National Forestry and Grassland Administration announced that the Qinghua area of Weishan was included in the “Directory of Important Terrestrial Wildlife Habitats (First Batch).”

Key Information

• Chinese Name: 云南巍山青华绿孔雀自然保护区
• Location: Yunnan Weishan County Qinghua Township
• Climate: Subtropical monsoon climate
• Opening Hours: 9:00 AM – 5:00 PM
• Attraction Level: Provincial Nature Reserve
• Area: 1,000 hectares
• Protected Species:
  • Forest musk deer (林麝)
  • Black-necked long-tailed pheasant (黑颈长尾雉)
  • White pheasant (白鹇)
  • White-bellied golden pheasant (白腹锦鸡)
  • Wedge-tailed green pigeon (楔尾绿鸠)

Historical Background

The Qinghua Green Peafowl Nature Reserve was established in 1988 and upgraded to a provincial nature reserve in 1997. On November 30, 2023, the reserve’s importance was further highlighted by its inclusion in the National Directory of Important Terrestrial Wildlife Habitats.

Geographic Environment

Location

The reserve is situated in the Beiyin Qing, Huangjiafen, and Baoziwo areas of Qinghua Township, approximately 47 kilometers from Weishan County (巍山县) city center. It encompasses the village committees of Zhongyao, Xiyao, Yangjiang, and Yinchang, located between longitudes 100°11′35″ to 100°14′50″ and latitudes 24°49′45″ to 25°10′0″.

Geological Features

The reserve spans an area of 1,000 hectares, with the highest elevation reaching 2,010.2 meters and the lowest at 1,146 meters near Yangjiang. Major habitats for the green peafowl include Baoziwo, Huangjiafen, and Beiyin Qing.

Climate Conditions

The reserve features significant elevation variations, creating a distinct vertical climate. The average annual temperature ranges from 16 to 20°C, with annual precipitation between 600 to 800 millimeters and an aridity index of 1.44 to 1.83, indicating a dry to semi-dry climate.

Hydrology

The reserve is enriched with water resources, featuring the Longfeng River (龙凤河) and Zhongyao River (中窑河) flowing through it.

Soil Composition

The geology mainly consists of Mesozoic and Paleozoic strata, with significant areas of Mesozoic Jurassic and Paleozoic Triassic formations. The soil types include red soil and purple soil, with some areas having deep humus. Valley soils near the mountains are mostly yellow clay and black soil.

Conservation Objectives

The primary conservation targets of the reserve include:

• First-Class Protected Species:
  • Green Peafowl (Pavo muticus)
• Second-Class Protected Species:
  • White Pheasant (Lophura nycthemera)
  • White-bellied Golden Pheasant (Chrysolophus amherstiae)
  • Sumatran Serow (Capricornis sumatraensis)
  • Pangolin (Manis pentadactyla)

Management Regulations

To effectively manage the reserve, the following regulations have been established based on relevant laws such as the Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Nature Reserve Regulations, and Yunnan’s Nature Reserve Regulations:

1. Hunting activities (including traps and nets) are strictly prohibited within the reserve.
2. Deforestation, land reclamation, charcoal burning, and lime production are not allowed, and grazing in green peafowl feeding areas is prohibited.
3. Violators of these regulations will face confiscation of hunting tools, fines, and possible escalation to higher authorities for severe cases.
4. Units and individuals contributing significantly to the protection of the green peafowl will receive government recognition and rewards.

These regulations have been in effect since October 2008.

Ecological Significance

The green peafowl is a highly precious large bird and is classified as a first-class protected species in China. Yunnan is the only province where green peafowls are found, primarily in the southwestern part of the province. Due to ecological changes and human hunting, the green peafowl population has dwindled, making it exceedingly rare in places like Xishuangbanna (西双版纳), which is known as the homeland of peacocks. Therefore, the existence of the Qinghua Green Peafowl Nature Reserve provides a crucial sanctuary for the green peafowl, holding significant importance for research and ecological balance.

How to Get There

• By Car: From Weishan County, head towards Qinghua Township, following the signs to the nature reserve. It is approximately a 47-kilometer drive.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The ideal time for birdwatching is during the spring and autumn months when migratory birds are present.
• Bring Binoculars: For optimal viewing of wildlife, binoculars are highly recommended.
• Respect the Environment: Follow all guidelines to preserve the natural habitat and protect wildlife.
• Dress Comfortably: Wear comfortable clothing and sturdy footwear suitable for walking in natural terrain.

Overview

Xilongshan Nature Reserve (西隆山自然保护区) is located in Jinping Miao, Yao, and Dai Autonomous County (金平苗族瑶族傣族自治县) in Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州), Yunnan Province. The reserve spans an area of 12 square kilometers with an elevation reaching 3,074 meters. It is a national-level nature reserve, renowned for its well-preserved forest ecosystems and rich biodiversity.

Location

• Chinese Name: 西隆山自然保护区
• English Name: Xilongshan Nature Reserve
• Location: Jinping Miao, Yao, and Dai Autonomous County, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province
• Area: 12 square kilometers
• Elevation: 3,074 meters
• Type: Nature Reserve

Geography and Climate

Xilongshan Nature Reserve is located in the southern part of Zhemi Township (者米乡), Jinping County, near the northwestern border of Vietnam’s Lai Chau Province (越南莱州). This cross-border forest area is marked by its rugged mountain ridges, making it a unique ecological zone. The region boasts an average annual temperature of approximately 15°C, providing an ideal environment for the preservation of its rich flora and fauna. The landscape of Xilongshan is characterized by towering peaks, lush forests, and deep valleys, forming a scenic and ecologically significant part of southern Yunnan.

Biodiversity

Flora

Xilongshan Nature Reserve is home to over 1,000 species of plants, including many rare and valuable species:

• Qingfeng Tree (青枫树)
• Shuangshan Fern (双扇蕨)
• Huangxin Tree (黄心树)
• Teng Tiao (藤条)
• Hui Bamboo (灰竹)

These species contribute to the rich ecological diversity and are crucial for both conservation efforts and scientific research in the region.

Fauna

The reserve is a sanctuary for a variety of rare and endangered animal species, making it a critical part of China’s genetic bank of wildlife. Some notable species include:

• Golden Snub-Nosed Monkey (金丝猴)
• Slow Loris (懒猴)
• Gibbons (长臂猿)
• Brown Bear (棕熊)
• Black Bear (黑熊)
• Pangolin (穿山甲)
• Python (蟒蛇)
• Wild Elephants (野象) (although they last roamed the area more than 50 years ago)

In addition to these animals, the reserve also hosts a wide array of medicinal plants and other natural products, such as:

• Sanqi (野三七)
• Eucommia (杜仲)
• Chonglou (重楼)
• Cardamom (砂仁)
• Turtles (山乌龟)
• Shiitake Mushrooms (香菌)
• Black Fungus (木耳)

These plants and products are not only important for local economies but also contribute to traditional Chinese medicine practices.

Historical and Cultural Significance

Before the establishment of the nature reserve, the Kucong people (苦聪人), a subgroup of the Lahu ethnic group (拉祜族), lived for generations in the vast expanse of Xilongshan’s virgin forests. They maintained a simple, sustainable lifestyle in harmony with nature. Their deep connection to the land adds cultural and historical depth to the area’s natural beauty.

Establishment of the Nature Reserve

In 1958, Xilongshan was officially declared a provincial-level nature reserve in Yunnan. This marked the beginning of formal conservation efforts to protect its ecological treasures, making it one of the earliest designated natural conservation areas in the region. Today, the reserve plays a key role in protecting the unique ecosystems of southern Yunnan.

How to Get There

By Car

From Jinping County Town (金平县城), it takes about 1-2 hours to drive to the Xilongshan Nature Reserve. The route passes through scenic countryside and mountainous terrain, offering picturesque views along the way.

By Public Transport

Visitors can take a bus from the Jinping County Bus Station (金平客运站) to Zhemi Township (者米乡), where local transport options are available to reach the nature reserve. However, it is recommended to hire a guide or driver as public transport may not cover the last leg of the journey to the reserve.

Travel Tips

1. Best Time to Visit: The ideal time to visit Xilongshan is from March to May and September to November, when the weather is pleasant, and the forest is at its most beautiful. Summers can be hot and humid, while winters are cold but manageable.
2. Guides: Hiring a local guide is highly recommended for exploring the reserve. They are knowledgeable about the flora and fauna, as well as the best trails and scenic spots.
3. What to Bring: Be sure to pack essentials like water, snacks, sturdy shoes, and rain gear as the weather can change quickly in the mountains. Insect repellent is also advisable due to the dense forest areas.
4. Conservation Rules: As Xilongshan is a protected nature reserve, it is important to follow conservation guidelines. Do not disturb wildlife, pick plants, or leave behind any litter.

Xilongshan Nature Reserve offers a rare opportunity to immerse oneself in the untouched wilderness of southern Yunnan. Its rich biodiversity and stunning landscapes make it a perfect destination for nature lovers, eco-tourists, and adventure seekers alike.

Overview

Chinese Name: 阿姆山省级自然保护区 (Amushan Shengji Ziran Baohuqu)
Location: Honghe County (红河县), Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省), China
Geographic Coordinates: 102°02′23″E to 102°26′7″E, 23°10′20″N to 23°17′15″N
Establishment Year: 1995
Total Area: 15,988.6 hectares
Climate: Subtropical mountain monsoon climate
Protection Type: Forest ecosystem protection
Attraction Level: Provincial level

Amushan Mountain Nature Reserve (阿姆山省级自然保护区) is a significant ecological zone located in the central-southern part of Honghe County (红河县). It was established in April 1995 and spans an area of approximately 15,988.6 hectares. The reserve primarily focuses on the conservation of diverse vegetation types such as monsoon evergreen broadleaf forests (季风常绿阔叶林), mid-mountain humid evergreen broadleaf forests (中山湿性常绿阔叶林), mountain moss evergreen broadleaf forests (山地苔藓常绿阔叶林), and summit moss shrub forests (山顶苔藓矮林).

Historical Background

The Amushan Mountain Nature Reserve (阿姆山省级自然保护区) was officially approved by the Yunnan Provincial Government (云南省人民政府) in April 1995, marking its establishment as a provincial-level nature reserve.

Geographic Environment

Location

The reserve is situated in the southern part of Honghe County (红河县) within the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, characterized by its rich biodiversity and varying topography.

Geological Features

The geological strata exposed in the reserve predominantly consist of the Mesozoic Triassic (三叠纪) and Cretaceous (白垩纪) periods, with the Ailao Mountain Group (哀牢山) from the lower Precambrian period appearing as well. The formations generally trend northwest-southeast, influenced by significant geological faults.

Topography

The reserve lies in the “Ailao Mountain Mid-Mountain Canyon Zone” (哀牢山中山峡谷区) of Yunnan’s geomorphological classification. Its lowest point is near the tributary valley of the Bai Luon River (白洛恩河) at an elevation of 1,610 meters, while the highest peak reaches 2,534 meters at the junction of Jiachao (架车), Luoen (洛恩), and Baohua (宝华) townships. The mountainous landscape is characterized by deep-cut valleys and high relief.

Climate

Amushan Mountain Nature Reserve (阿姆山省级自然保护区) features a subtropical mountain monsoon climate with distinct dry and wet seasons. The annual average temperature ranges from 11.6°C to 16.7°C, with the coldest month being January (1月) (average temperature of 5.4°C to 10.2°C) and the hottest month being June (6月) (average temperature of 15.2°C to 20.8°C). The region receives annual rainfall between 1,424 mm and 2,258 mm, with the rainy season from May (5月) to October (10月).

Area Coverage

In 2013, the reserve recorded an area of 15,988.6 hectares, extending across nine townships and 27 administrative villages. It stretches 41.7 km from east to west and varies in width, with its narrowest point measuring just 1.0 km.

Conservation Goals

Main Conservation Objectives

The primary aim of the Amushan Mountain Nature Reserve (阿姆山省级自然保护区) is to protect its mountain forest ecosystem and biodiversity, focusing on various types of vegetation.

Flora and Fauna

As of 2013, the reserve recorded 1,243 species of vascular plants (维管束植物) from 190 families (科) and 638 genera (属), including 32 families of ferns (蕨类植物) and 153 families of flowering plants (被子植物). Additionally, it hosts 32 species of amphibians (两栖动物) and reptiles (爬行动物) from 11 families and 24 genera.

Protection Measures

The reserve has established patrol routes based on human activity, fire hazards, and resource damage. There are two primary patrol lines: the first includes five main routes with frequent human activity, while the second includes less populated areas.

Patrol Content and Requirements

Regular monitoring for any resource damage, wildlife incidents, and pest outbreaks is conducted, with detailed records kept for reference.

Ecological Value

Amushan Mountain (阿姆山) is located at the intersection of wet and dry subtropical forests, acting as a crucial watershed for the Yuanjiang (元江) and Tengtiao (藤条江) rivers. It serves as a vital ecological barrier for the local population, sustaining agriculture and providing water resources.

Attractions Within the Reserve

1. Scenic Hiking Trails: Numerous trails offer stunning views of the diverse landscape and rich biodiversity.
2. Wildlife Observation: Opportunities to observe rare species, including various birds and mammals native to the region.
3. Cultural Heritage Sites: Interaction with local communities, showcasing the Hani (哈尼族) and Yi (彝族) cultures.
4. Photography Spots: Capture breathtaking landscapes, especially during sunrise and sunset.

How to Get There

Transportation Options:

• By Bus: Buses from major cities in Yunnan, including Kunming (昆明), frequently connect to Honghe County (红河县).
• By Car: Take G320 National Highway (G320国道) to reach Honghe County and follow signs to Amushan Mountain Nature Reserve (阿姆山省级自然保护区).

Local Transportation: Within Honghe County (红河县), local taxis and ride-sharing services are available for transportation to the reserve.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Plan your trip during the mild months from March (3月) to April (4月) or September (9月) to November (11月) for the most pleasant weather.
• What to Bring: Wear comfortable shoes for walking, carry a camera for capturing the stunning landscapes, and have cash for local snacks and souvenirs.
• Respect Local Customs: Be mindful of the local culture and environment, maintaining a respectful demeanor while visiting.
• Stay Hydrated: Bring water, especially in warmer months, as you may spend considerable time exploring the reserve.
• Explore Nearby Attractions: Consider visiting other natural and cultural sites in the area to enhance your travel experience.

Yunnan Travel Guide

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• Yunnan Overview
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Travel Information

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• XishuangBanna

Songhuaba Dam Nature Reserve in Kunming

Overview The Songhuaba Dam Nature Reserve (松花坝自然保护区) is located in the northeastern part of Kunming (昆明), within the counties (districts) of Songming (嵩明) and Guandu (官渡) in Yunnan Province...

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• Kunming
• Lakes and Ponds in Kunming
• Lakes in Yunnan
• Nature Reserves
• Panlong District
• Pools and Reservoirs

Meishucun Nature Reserve in Jinning District, Kunming

Overview Meishucun Nature Reserve (梅树村自然保护区) was established in 1989 and is located 7 kilometers northwest of Jinning District (晋宁县), Kunming City (昆明市), Yunnan Province (云南省). It is recognized as...

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• Jinning District
• Kunming
• Nature Reserves

Huanglianshan Mountain Nature Reserve in Luchun County, Honghe

Chinese Name: 绿春黄连山保护区 English Name: Huanglianshan Mountain in Luchun County, Honghe Basic Information The Yunnan Huanglianshan National Nature Reserve is located in the southern part of Lüchun County, Honghe Hani and...

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• Honghe
• Lvchun County
• Nature Reserves

Qinghua Green Peafowl Nature Reserve in Weishan County, Dali

Overview The Qinghua Green Peafowl Nature Reserve (巍山青华绿孔雀自然保护区) is located in Weishan County (巍山县), Yunnan Province (云南省), specifically in Qinghua Township (青华乡) around Beiyin Qing (背阴箐), Huangjiafen (黄家坟), and...

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• Dali
• Nature Reserves
• Weishan County

Xilongshan Nature Reserve in Jinping County, Honghe

Overview Xilongshan Nature Reserve (西隆山自然保护区) is located in Jinping Miao, Yao, and Dai Autonomous County (金平苗族瑶族傣族自治县) in Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州), Yunnan Province. The reserve spans...

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• Honghe
• Jinping County
• Nature Reserves

Amushan Mountain Nature Reserve in Honghe County, Honghe

Overview Chinese Name: 阿姆山省级自然保护区 (Amushan Shengji Ziran Baohuqu) Location: Honghe County (红河县), Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省), China Geographic Coordinates: 102°02′23″E to 102°26′7″E, 23°10′20...

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• Honghe
• Honghe County
• Nature Reserves