In West Han Dynasty, Eastern Yanshan belonged to Zangke prefecture, the west of Yanshan belonged to Yizhou prefecture. Nanzhao period in Tang dynasty Tonghai is the capitania.

Dali period in Song Dynasty Yanshan belonged to Weimo tribe ,Western road of Guangnan and Hami Wanhufu of Zuining  town .

In Qing dynasty Yanshan belonged to Wenshan county, Qiubei county of Guangxi,Baoning county of Guangnan ,Ami zhou of Linan. Daoguang period set Jiangna county.

In  the first year(1912AD) set Jiangna county Zuo belonged to Wenshan conunty, In 1932  set Yabshan shezhi departure .In 1935 set Yanshan county.

Novermber,30,1949 all county liberated ,After the foundation of the People’s  Republic of China Yanshan belonged to Wenshan county.April,1st ,1958 belonged to Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture.1958,canceled the county system and it belonged to Wenshan county.

Celebrity

Mei Guangde(梅光德), Pan Shenghuai(盘圣怀), Xiang Congzhou(项从周) ,Luo Yanbiao(罗廷标)

Bian–Jianianhua Music Bar彼岸·嘉年华音乐酒吧

Address：On Linjiang road of Malipo in Wenshan.文山壮族苗族自治州麻栗坡县临江路

Tel：08766512669

969 Bar–969饮吧

Address：Malipo in Wenshan.文山壮族苗族自治州麻栗坡县XH54

Tel：08766518968

Bala Bala KTV-芭啦芭啦KTV

Address：No,88 on  Chuangye  road of Malipo in Wenshan.：文山壮族苗族自治州麻栗坡县创业路88号附近

Tel：0876-6629068

Gelifang KTV—歌立方KTV

Address： Malipo in Wenshan. 文山壮族苗族自治州麻栗坡县XH54

Tel ：08766626399

99 Tea house –99茶坊 

Address：No,17 on  Linjiang road of  Malipo in Wenshan：文山壮族苗族自治州麻栗坡县临江路17号

Tel：0876-6868578

Malipo Young center  麻栗坡县青少年活动中心

Address： Malipo in Wenshan文山壮族苗族自治州麻栗坡县魁角街附近

Fairgrounds cultural and entertainment centerof Donggan toen董干镇集贸市场文化娱乐中心

Address： Malipo in Wenshan文山壮族苗族自治州麻栗坡县XH4

In 2009, Chengzhai Village was inscribed into the second batch of the intangible cultural heritage list of Yunnan Province.

Chengzhai Village– Bailuo people

Chengzhai Village belongs to the community of Xinzhai of Donggan Town, Malipo County; 134 km from the county seat, it sits at the border of the counties of Malipo, Funing, and Guangnan.Bailuo, a branch of the Yi ethnic group, have called Chengzhai home for several hundred years. Comparing to other Yi ethnic branches, the Bailuo members differ a lot as far as their clothing, dietary habits and dwellings are concerned. Due to their quaint costumes, exotic culture and distinctive Ganlan (stilted houses) architectures, Bailuo people have aroused great attention.

The Ganlan style buildings (stilted houses)
It is the traditional architectural style of the Bailuo people, using 52 (56 or 66) columns in eight rows to support the whole building. Such a house normally has two storeys, plus a stable (ground): the first floor is for people to live at, and the second is used for storage; both sides of the house are designed with flying eves; and the roof is paved with tiles.

As a typical representative of the Bailuo ethnic culture, Chengzhai Village exhibits the historical and cultural remains on a real and integral basis. The rich cultural connotations here have included the Bailuo ethnic language, (oral) literature, music, dance, fine arts, architecture, sacrificial ceremonies, etiquettes, traditional festivals, and many other ethnic customs.

The festival of buckwheat

The buckwheat festival is the grandest festival of the Bailuo people.

A local legend goes that, in the ancient times, a big fire broke out in a Bailuo ethnic village, torching down all the houses and grains. The villagers were in deep sorrow.

All of a sudden, a villager found some grains of buckwheat under a reversed bowl, and grew them in the fields. Several months later, the buckwheat plants brought a harvest, saving the starving village.

In order to express thanks to the buckwheat, the Bailuo ethnic villagers determined to spend the three-day Buckwheat Festival on the first Dragon Day of he lunar calendar. People always carry out religious ceremonies during the festival to pray for abundant rainfall.

The batik craft

Enriched by the ethnic culture, the batik craft highlights the culture of the Bailuo people who are traditionally adept at making quaint, elegant costumes on their own. Carrying modern aesthetic elements, and with delicate workmanship, it has brought great visual impacts one can’t help marveling at. 

Recall the soul
In the old times, the Bailuo people seldom washed clothes because they believed that people’s souls are attached to the clothes they worn. Therefore, every time they washed clothes, they had to slaughter a rooster for recalling the soul. Today, assimilated by other cultures, the Bailuos have barely kept the tradition.

The drum dance
Drum dance is one of the traditional dances of the Bailuo people. As a kind of dance performed when Bailuo people hold sacrificial ceremonies for their ancestors, it reflects the Bailuos’ worship for nature and ancestors.

Usually, only one person beats the drum, and dancers perform to the beats in a counterclockwise way, singing some solemn tones. The drum dance, which includes more than 30 routines, is a massive entertaining activity of the Bailuos; it is performed on the fairground of the village and can be joined by at least 100 villagers.

In 2007, the Bailuo ethnic drum dance was listed as one of China’s intangible cultural heritages. Lu Xiaozong and Lu Youquan were nominated as two inheritors in this regard.

Administrative division of this area in history initiated during the Western Han Dynasty (206BC-24AD), when the emperor launched the exploitation of southwestern border area. Kingdoms set up by local ethnic minorities were conquered and replaced by counties and shires newly established by the court.

Due to a lack of arable land and remoteness, this is area that has never been densely populated. It is generally thought to have been originally inhabited by Miao peoples, who migrated into Wenshanzhou from what is now Guizhou province. During to the Western Han Dynasty (206BC-24AD), kingdoms established by local ethnic groups were dismantled by invading forces and the area was assimilated.

The leaders and people of Wenshan have worked hard for 10 years to change that situation. As a result, the prefecture’s GDP increased from 1.75 billion yuan in 1992 to 8.7 billion yuan in 2002, and the per capita net income of its farmers almost quadrupled. More than 2.4 million people thus emerged from poverty and achieved subsistence level.

Diying club 帝赢娱乐会所 

Address: On Juncheng road of Maguan county inWenshan.文山壮族苗族自治州马关县骏城路附近

Tel：0876-7133333

T8 Bar T8酒吧 

Address：On Zixin road of Maguan county in Wenshan.文山壮族苗族自治州马关县锌锡路

Runyuan KTV 润源KtV

Address：No,194 on Wenhua road of Maguan county in Wenshan.文山壮族苗族自治州马关县文化路194号润源大酒店内

Tel：0876-7134888

Runyuan Hotel Tea house 润源大酒店-茶室

Address： No,194 on Wenhua road of Maguan county in Wenshan

Tel：08767134777

Yanshan  Young center 马关县青少年活动中心

Address:No,167 on Wenhua road of Maguan county inWenshan.文山壮族苗族自治州马关县文化路167

Folk culture center民俗群艺活动中心

Address：Huzhilu road of Maguan county in Wenahan.文山壮族苗族自治州马关县花枝格村

Zhuang ethnic minority

Food and Food Culture:

Their primary products are tropical and subtropical crops such as rice and corn due to the mild climate and abundant rainfall. The people eat all kinds of meat, including beef, mutton, pork and chicken, etc. The vegetables of their daily life are of various kinds. Poached and pickled vegetables are the favored ones.

They are so hospitable that any guests are honored by the whole village. Wine is a must when treating the guests. Guests are shown a unique way of drinking each others wine in the spoon by crossing each other’s arms. The elder person is shown respect by nobody eating before him or her.

Festivals

The Devil Festival, held on July 14th of the lunar month, is regarded as an occasion second to the Spring Festival. The day before the Devil Festival, every family does a thorough house cleaning and makes special preparations of outfits used in the sacrifice. On that day, duck, pork and good wines along with some candies and fruits must be offered in order to show great respect to their ancestors.Besides sharing similar festivals with the Han, they have their unique ones including: the Devil Festival, the Ox Soul Festival, and the Singing Festival.

The Ox Soul Festival held on April 8th of the lunar month is to celebrate the birthday of the king of oxen and to show their love and respect to the ox, therefore, each ox is relieved from their yokes and free from plowing. People give the ox a bath accompanied with beating drums. Parents of a family feed the ox with five-colored glutinous rice, while singing folksongs. It is a festival that represents their great hope for a good harvest.

The Singing Festival is a traditional occasion which was held before 1940 to visit graves of the ancestors. Now it has become a grand sentimental occasion using songs for their expression. On that day, after offering sacrifices to Sanjie Liu (a Zhuang minority girl good at singing), they will sing to each other to challenge each other not only the song itself but also wit. Lyrics are usually improvisational and humorous that makes every one burst into laughter. It is also a perfect day for the young men to express their love to the girls by singing, so it is also reputed as the Valentine’s Day of the Zhuang ethnic minority.

Other Culture:

Other cultures such as frescoes and bronze drums are also of splendid fame.

The Zhuang minority’s frescoes carved on the steep cliffs are of extreme Zhuang characteristics. Figures, beasts and some other patterns carved 2,000 years ago will make everyone appreciate the image of their ancestors and the superb technique.

The bronze drum used both in sacrifice and festivals, delivers a special culture of the Zhuang ethnic minority. On the top and sides of the drums, the sun, frogs, dragon, dancing women and other patterns are decorated. It is a great revelation of their worship to the sun and frog. Nowadays, the bronze drum has become an indispensable musical instrument for the festivals.

Yao ethnic minority

The staple food is rice, corn and potatoes. Most of the meat in their diet comes from their own domestic livestock and from wild animals that the men hunt. Teas and homemade wines are their favorite drinks. As they are very hospitable and polite, they entertain guests with their palatable food and refined wines and insist that seniors be seated in the seat of honor.

Festivals: 

They hold many festivals, with at least one a month. Among the grand festivals, Panwang festival and Danu festival are the ones most worth mentioning. The former is held either every year, or every three to five years to express their reverence for their earliest known ancestor, Panwang. During this festival, everyone dresses themselves in their finest clothing and festively sings and dances to heart’s content. Danu festival is held especially for the Yao people living in Guangxi Province to commemorate their grandmothers. TheZhuang people nearby also celebrate this festival by brewing fragrant wines and sing the melodious songs along with playing a timbal beating game.

Other culture and arts

Other culture and arts are also worth appreciating, such as the ballads and legends with rich content and multiple styles that depict the nation’s history, glorify the hard revolutions, or express their sweet love, with their distinctive music and songs as tambourine dance and timbal dance.

All in all, the moralities of diligence, faithfulness, hospitality, and braveness have been handed down from generation to generation , and have become their representative characteristics.

Yi ethnic minority

Religion
Various beliefs are treasured, such as the belief of the spirit, the worship of their ancestors, and the adoration of nature, along with the cherishing of Catholicism, Christianity, and Buddhism. Amongst all these beliefs, the power of the spirit is regarded as the most magical one. Some heirlooms left to the Yi people by their ancestors are endowed with magic that can bring good will to their owners. Therefore, these highly valued possessions are carefully kept and passed down through generations.

Food and Food Culture
Their diets vary according to different regional conditions. However, because most of them live in mountainous areas, buckwheat, corn, potatoes are suitable for planting and are regarded as their staple food. Some of the ethnic groups do eat rice as their staple food. Pork, mutton, and beef are the main meats consumed. As for their beverages, tea and wines are regarded as the most superior ones to serve to their honoured guests.

Chahua festival is another characteristic festival which is held to commemorate the hero, Mi Yinu, who helped the Yi people overcome the tyrannical ruler. When the Maying flowers blossom, people will wear them on their hairs or present them to each other and sing to their heart’s content to celebrate their happy life.

Festivals: 
Traditional festivals include the Torch and Chahua festivals. Among them, the Torch Festival is the grandest traditional festival, held on the 24th day of the lunar month of June. It is held to celebrate the victory of a rebellion against a tyrannical landlord. It lasts for three days, where families assemble together and hold rich and colourful activities. Wearing the traditional Yi clothes, they enjoy themselves with wrestling, horse racing, bull fighting, tug-of-wars and so on. When night comes, large bonfires are lit, with people sitting around, singing and dancing for the whole night.

Other festivals such as Saichuan festival (a festival during which people dress in beautiful clothes and enter into fashion competitions), and Shiyue Nian (the traditional spring festival for the Yi ethnic group held on October) are also well worth participating in.

The local residents are Han, Zhuang, Miao, Yi, Yao ,Bai,  Hui ,Bo, eight nationalities at all.The population of ethic nationalities are 287 thousands in total who account for 62.5% among the total population. The Qiubei Lodal Government stands in Jinping Town where the altitude is 1452m.Qiubei County is 280km from the capital of Yunnan-Kunming, 114km from the Wenshan Capital. Qiubei locates the hilly land of Karst mountain in the southeast, the terrain is high in the southwest and low in the northeast. The branches of Liuzhao Mountain cut across the whole county.

The population is 459 thousands at the end of 2007.The local residents are Han ,Zhuang, Miao, Yi,Yao,Bai,Hui,Bo, eight nationalities at all. The population of ethic nationalities are 287 thousands in total who account for 62.5% among the total population. The Qiubei Government stands in Jinping Town where the altitude is 1452m.Qiubei County is 280km from the capital of Yunnan-Kunming,114km from the Wenshan Capital. Qiubei locates the hilly land of Karst mountain in the southeast, the terrain is high in the southwest and low in the northeast. The branches of Liuzhao Mountain cut across the whole county .The major rivers are Nanpan,Liulangodong,Huamo,Tuodi,Guanzhai,Budang,Qingshui,Nanqiu,Qingshui,Qingshui,Qingping,Shikui,Panlong.These rivers belong to Zhujiang River and Honghe River. Puzhehei Pool is the larger one among natural pools, the dimension is 108 thousands km, the highest point is 2501.8m,the lowest point is 782m.

Varied eating habits,ceremonies, costumes, folk legends and festivals such as the Sanyuesan Festival of the Zhuang people, the Caihuashan Festival of the Miao people, the Panwang Festival of Yao people, and the Torch Festival of the Bai people, make Wenshan a colorful prefecture. Taoyuan Entertainment City(桃源娱乐城 )-, Datang Entertainment club(大唐盛世娱乐会所)Tianxing Tea House (天香茶楼) are the entertainment activities in Qiubei county.

Datang Entertainment club大唐盛世娱乐会所

Address：On  Puzhehei Street of Qiubei county in Wenshan. 文山壮族苗族自治州丘北县普者黑大街

Tel：08764657888

Xuanya KTV 轩雅KTV 

Address: On Wencui road of Qiubei ciunty in Wenshan.文山壮族苗族自治州丘北县文翠路

Tel：0876-4121113

Lanshanlian Coffee bar 蓝山恋咖啡休闲吧

Address：No,249 Puzhehei street of Qiubei county in Wenshan.文山壮族苗族自治州丘北县普者黑大街249号

Tel：15812299055

Tianxing Tea House 天香茶楼

Address：Near the Jinping Bus Station 锦屏客运站附近

Tel：13577673229

Pinke 品客  

Address：No,141 on Puzhehei Street of Qiubei county in Wenshan文山壮族苗族自治州丘北县普者黑大街141

Tel：0876-8890980

Yuren Docks Bar渔人码头酒吧

Address：No,21on Xinmin Street of Qiubei county in Wenshan.文山壮族苗族自治州丘北县邱北县新民街21号(近文翠路)

Tel：13577603258

Hualian Festival

Time:July

Hualian means to enforce somebody to wear collies. Hualian Festival is special of Yi Minority in Qiubei County, Wenshan Prefecture. Yi is  there also claim themselves to be Sani branch like that in the Stone Forest. Yi ancestors in Qiubei were said to wear black collies on their faces to drive away evil spirits thus Hualian Festival was brought forth, and it has become a golden opportunity for young generation to develop new romances because they could, on that day, “mark the faces” to express love.

The Bridge Worship Festival

The Bridge Worship Festival is a traditional festival of Miao people in Qiubei .People build and worship the bridges, praying for good weather, a flourishing population, and good luck.

All people join the festival will dress up with their best clothes. Women and men go to the bridges, burning paper money and incense, pouring down the rice wine on the ground for the bridges and their ancestors. After they finish burning incense and paper money, they will play lusheng (a Miao music instrument) and dance, while some people will hold bull fight near their villages.

The Yi Torch Festival

This is one of the biggest events of the year for the Yi people from the south-west of China. This festival occurs on the 24th of June every year and is a truly great sight to behold.

During the festival, numerous torches are lit and the celebrations continue for three days. Yi culture is far removed from life in Western countries, the British countryside, pubs, video games, partypoker are very different to the ancient and little-changed traditions of the Yi. The Torch Festival is one of the aspects of the local cultures that is fascinating to outsiders.

It is thought that this tradition originated because the ancestors of the people now living in south-western China used to worship fire. It was their belief that fire repelled insects and evils, as well as protecting the growth of crops. As night falls in the villages, the torches light up the sky and singing and dancing commences. This is a magical time when parties last all night and prayers for a good harvest are made.

There are also many more activities which go on as part of the festival. The Yi people hold horse races with torches as hurdles, as well as arrow-shooting and tug-of-war. In Sichuan, grand torch parades are held by the Lisu people which is a very impressive sight to see.

A prominent thing about this festival is that it provides an opportunity for many young men and women to find their prospective spouses. The women dress up in costume, and there is even a costume contest in the afternoon for both men and women from the respective tribes. All assemble on stage and are judged.

Perhaps the most spectacular sight of the whole event occurs when the fire-worship ritual really begins. Light fills all corners of the field, a ceremony with prayers is undertaken, before celebrations and dancing around bonfires.

Hualian Festival

Hualian means to enforce somebody to wear collies. Hualian Festival is special of Yi Minority in Qiubei County, Wenshan Prefecture. Yis there also claim themselves to be Sani branch like that in the Stone Forest. Yi ancestors in Qiubei were said to wear black collies on their faces to drive away evil spirits thus Hualian Festival was brought forth, and it has become a golden opportunity for young generation to develop new romances because they could, on that day, “mark the faces” to express love.

The Cave of the Immortal

The Cave of the Immortal(仙人洞), a Yi village in Puzhehei Resort, is noted for its Hualian Festival and beautiful landscapes around. The elderly say that Hualian Festival has been celebrated for nearly one thousand years. Legend goes that: Demons once committed invasion to the village and tried to kidnap Yi lasses. Villagers racked their brains and finally figured out a smart idea: dressed up by wearing collies on their faces to make them look ugly and unpleasing; when the demons suddenly saw the “ugly” people of the village, they got scared and “disappointed”, and finally gave up. In order to memorize the great event, Yi people in Puzhehei would spend Hualian Festival to “exorcise” ominous matters and celebrate happiness every year. Other paints have also come with collies.  

1)Ayong Bridge: built on the outstrected branches of trees from the two banks of the river

2)Ayong ancestral home of the Nong clan

3)Guima Bridge: a traditional wind-and-rain bridge that is the center for folk singing and recreation

4)Guima Hall of the Elders

5)Wang Peilun’s Residence: Xiban Village 夕板村, Guangnan

6)The Tinglang (rest kiosks) of Xiban Village 夕板村, Guangnan

7)The ganlan houses of Tuotong Village 拖同村 and Dixian Village 底仙村

Historical villages include:

·         Heye 河野村

·         Tuopai 拖派村

·         Dixian 底仙村: notable for its unique ganlan houses found only there

·         Nabei 那贝村

·         Tuotong 拖同村

·         Gejia 革假村: notable for its thousand-year-old banyan tree, and for its many natives who passed the civil examination to become jinshi 进士 (palace candidates) during the Qing Dynasty

·         Ayong 阿用

·         Guima 贵马

The principle nationalities inhabiting Guangnan county are the Zhuang and the Miao. They have different habit of living: Zhuang used to live at the headwaters region, while Miao like to live at the top of a mountain. The ancestor of Miao was good at hunting. The hunters were often injured and bleeding. They chewed a kind of weed and used the chewed weed to put on the wound to stop the bleeding, the wound was sealed just like by a lacquer. It is now one of the famous medicines in China.

Guangnan county is a place inhabited by eleven ethnic minorities. Therefore, celebrating the festivals altogether with local minorities in the most interesting thing. Danu Festival is the grandest festival of the whole for the Yao ethnic minority. In addition, lotus festival, torch festival and many other local traditional celebrations are undoubtedly temptations for visitors. There are many resources including plants, animals, minerals.

Huajie (Flower Street) Festival is one of the grandest traditional festivals of the Zhuang people living in Guangnan County. As a matter of fact, the Flower Street Festival is the “Valentine’s Day” of the Zhuangs.

Annually held around lunar March 3rd, the festival is mainly spent by the Nong People (a branch of the Zhuang Minority) most of who are found living in Nalun, Zhetu and Zhulin towns of Guangnan County. The festival is said to originate from the efforts of the Zhuang people to smash the feudal marital system for a free romantic world. 

During the festival, lasses and lads in their holiday’s best will head for the street jubilantly. What highlights the festival is that live antiphonally-singing by the young people. Elegant gifts will be presented when Mr. Right or Ms. Right is found.