According to the historical materials, Huaning has a long history of more than 2000 years. After the warring stage, old China was divided into 9 prefecture, and Huaning county was the territory of Liangzhou prefecture, later, during 279AD to 221AD, Huaning was under the jusidiction of Dian kingdom. In Han dynasty, Wudan county was set in Huaning county now, and was under the jurisdiction of Zanke prefecture, later, it was subordinate to Xinggu prefecture. In Tang dynasty, Xining prefecture was set, and Huaning was the territory of the prefecture. During the Song dynasty, Huaning was subordinate to Xiong tribe, Nanzhao kindom, later in Yuan Dynasty, Ningzhou Ten Thousand Family High Position was set, , in 1273, it was renamed as Ninghai prefecture. In Ming and Qing dynasty, Ningzhou became an institution equal to county. In 1912, Ningzhou prefecture was abolished and Ning county was set, 21 years later, it was renamed as Huaning county. In 1950, Huaning county was liberated.
The entertainment facilities of Huaning county are impeccable. You can find teahouses everywhere, local people always spend their leisure afternoon in these teahouses. KTV is also one of the best choices when you want to spend a pleasant night. Bars and cafe are also nice.
Jingxiang Hotel KTV(景乡酒店KTV)
Address: in the JIngxiang hotel on the HUnacheng South Road
Tel: 0877-5012666
Yunxin Entertainment Club(云馨娱乐城)
Address: around the No.304 provincial Highway in Huaning county
Tel: 0877-5092318
Shiyuan Entertainment Club(诗缘娱乐会所)
Address: around the Jianghua line in Huaning county
Tel: 0877-5027918
Landu Tea Bar(蓝度茶吧)
Address: No.7 on the Dongshi Street
The Dim Light of Night Bar
Address: on the Ningjing Street
Tel: 13987783550
In 2010, Huaning county held different kinds of cultural activities more than 60 times and performances more than 210 times. The total volume of books reserved in libraries and reading rooms reached 119763. At the same time, workers selected 26 folklores, 2 people was appraised as the excellent artists of Yuxi prefecture, 3 people was evaluated as the folk craftsmen of Yuxi prefecture.
Yi People Folk Literature and Art Activities
Tiaoyue(跳乐): Tiaoyue is the traditional folk activities of Huaning Yi people, the dance is complex and can be divided into many types.
Maomaocha(猫猫叉): it is a folk dance mixes attack and defense of hunting together. Maomao is the diminutive of Tiger among Yi people. On every occasion of sacrifice, funeral and important events, Yi people dance.
Torch festival
The torch festival or fire festival (chinese: 火把节; pinyin: huǒbǎ jié) is one of the main holidays of the yi people of southwest china, and is also celebrated by other ethnic groups of the region. It is celebrated on the 24th or 25th day of the sixth month of the yi calendar, corresponding to august in the gregorian calendar. It commemorates the legendary wrestler atilaba, who drove away a plague of locusts using torches made from pine trees.
The original torch festival, according to some scholars, was based on a calendar used by bai and yi people in ancient times. The calendar included 10 months, 36 days in a month, and two star returning festivals in winter and summer respectively. The two star returning festivals were both considered the new year, and the one in summer was called the torch festival as people often lighted a torch on that day. There are also many other legends about the origin of the torch festival, yet all of them have the purpose of offering sacrifice to duties and dispelling ghosts, as a wish for a harvest.
The Torch Festival is a traditional festival, it has a significant culture meaning for Yi people in Malong.
Torch Festival is a grand festival of Yi people, usually held on the June 24th in Chinese lunar calendar. At that time, all families will visit each other, and lit the torch to spread them all over the mountains and countryside, they think that the torch could dispel evil and eliminate pests. At night, they usually have a bonfire party. Young men and women sing and dance together. During the festival, Yi people killed cattle and sheep to sacrifice God.
During the pre-Qin period, Eshan was the territory of the ancient Yunnan Kingdom(古滇国), then, in Han dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Yizhou prefecture.
In three kingdoms period , it was the territory of Yuyuan county, Jianning prefecture. In Sui and Tang dynasty, it was under the administer of Nanning prefecture, later, it was ruled by Jiannan Road, Yaozhou prefecture. In Nanzhao kindom period, it was the territory of Zhee tribe and in Dali kingdom period, it was ruled by Xiushan tribe.
At the beginning of Yuan dynasty, Zhee Thousand Family Department Header was established, 20 years later, it was reset as Zhee prefecture. In Ming and Qing dynasty, it was a county under the jurisdiction of Linan prefecture.
In the 19th year of the Republic of China(1930), it was first called as Eshan county. At last, in May.12, 1951, Eshan Yi Autonomous county was established, in 1998, it became a county under the jurisdiction of Yuxi prefecture.
The entertainment facilities of Eshan county are impeccable. You can find teahouses everywhere, local people always spend their leisure afternoon in these teahouses. KTV is also one of the best choices when you want to spend a pleasant night. Bars and cafe are also nice.
Midnight Sunlight KTV
Address: around the Huanian Farm in Eshan county
Tel: 15087727669
Lexiaoyao KTV(乐逍遥KTV)
Address: in Huanian village, Huanian town, Eshan county
Tel: 15974980750
Hongliang KTV(红两KTV)
Address: besiedes Eshan county industrial and commercial bureau
Tel: 13577737594
Mingyuan Teahouse(茗苑茶庄)
Address: on the Nijiang South Road in Eshan county
Night Talking on the Contryside(夜话田园酒吧)
Address: on the Lianjiang north Road
Tel: 0877-4010521
Eshan is a Yi Autonomous county, no doubt, it has a brilliant Yi culture, the core of Eshan Yi culture is the culture of the first Yi ancestor-Apu Dumu(阿普笃慕), which including flower-drum dance, the culture of fire, language, folk literature, customs, architecture, food, medical science, festivals, technology and so on.
Language
The Chinese government recognizes six mutually unintelligible Yi languages, from various branches of the Loloish family:
Northern Yi (Nuosu 诺苏), Western Yi (Lalo 腊罗), Central Yi (Lolopo 倮倮泼), Southern Yi (Nisu 尼苏), Southeastern Yi (Sani 撒尼), Eastern Yi (Nasu 纳苏).
Northern Yi is the largest with some two million speakers, and is the basis of the literary language. There are also ethnically Yi languages of Vietnam which use the Yi script, such as Mantsi.
Many Yi in Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi know Standard Chinese, and code switching between Yi and Chinese is common.
Religion
Bimoism is the ethnic religion of the Yi. Shaman-priests of this faith are known as bimo, which means “master of scriptures”. Bimo officiate at births, funerals, weddings and holidays. They are often seen along the street consulting ancient scripts. The Yi worship deified ancestors similarly to the Chinese traditional religion practitioners, besides gods of local nature: fire, hills, trees, rocks, water, earth, sky, wind, and forests.
Ritual performances play a major role in daily life through healing, exorcism, asking for rain, cursing enemies, blessing, divination and analysis of one’s relationship with the gods. They believe dragons protect villages against bad spirits, and demons cause diseases. However, the Yi dragon is neither similar to dragon in Western culture nor the same as that in Han culture. After someone dies they sacrifice a pig or sheep at the doorway to maintain relationship with the deceased spirit. The Yi believe that bad spirits cause illness, poor harvests and other misfortunes and inhabit all material things. The Yi also believe in multiple souls. At death, one soul remains to watch the grave while the other is eventually reincarnated into some living form.
The Nosu form of Bimoism (the religion of the Nosu or Nuosu subgroup of the Yi) distinguishes two sorts of shamans: the bimo and the suni, respectively hereditary and ordained priests. One can become bimo by patrilineal descent after a time of apprenticeship or formally acknowledging an old bimo as the teacher, a suni must be elected. Bimo are the most revered, to the point that the Nosu religion is also called “bimo religion”. Bimo can read Yi scripts while suni cannot. Both can perform rituals, but only bimo can perform rituals linked to death. For most cases, suni only perform some exorcism to cure diseases. Generally, suni can only be from humble civil birth while bimo can be of both aristocratic and humble families.
In recent decades the Bimoist faith has undergone a revival, with large temples built in the early 2010s.
Torch Festival
The Torch Festival or Fire Festival (Chinese: 火把节; pinyin: Huǒbǎ Jié) is one of the main holidays of the Yi people of southwest China, and is also celebrated by other ethnic groups of the region. It is celebrated on the 24th or 25th day of the sixth month of the Yi calendar, corresponding to August in the Gregorian calendar. It commemorates the legendary wrestler Atilaba, who drove away a plague of locusts using torches made from pine trees.
The original Torch Festival, according to some scholars, was based on a calendar used by Bai and Yi people in ancient times. The calendar included 10 months, 36 days in a month, and two Star Returning Festivals in winter and summer respectively. The two Star Returning Festivals were both considered the New Year, and the one in summer was called the Torch Festival as people often lighted a torch on that day. There are also many other legends about the origin of the Torch Festival, yet all of them have the purpose of offering sacrifice to duties and dispelling ghosts, as a wish for a harvest.
In Han Dynasty, it is called Tonglai County, under Yizhou Prefecture. In Jin Dynasty, Song and Qi, it is still called Tonglai, but is one of Jianning Prefecture’s counties.
In early Tang Dynasty, it’s name is Tongqi County, under Nanning Prefecture.
At year,18 of the Republic of China, it is called Malong county, and kept the name till now.
In the Han Dynasty and Jin Dynasty, Yuanjiang was called Luopandian(罗盘甸) under the jurisdiction of Xingu Prefecture(兴古郡). In Tang and Song Dynasty, it was name as Butou and under the jurisdiction of Lizhou prefecture(黎州郡). In South Song dynasty, it was the territory of Dali Kingdom, In 1265, Yuanjinag Prefecture was established here, and 20 years later, it was reset as Yuanjiang Road. In the fifteenth year of the Hongwu era of the Ming Dynasty (1382) the administrative body Lu(路) was changed into Prefecture. In the 35th year of the Qianlong era of the Qing Dynasty, Yuanjinag was setagain as a Zhili prefecture. In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), the institution of prefecture was abolished and Yuanjinag County was established. In 1980, Yuanjiang Hani, Yi and Dai Autonomous County was established. It has remained so ever since.
The entertainment facilities of Yuanjiang county are impeccable. You can find teahouses everywhere, local people always spend their leisure afternoon in these teahouses. KTV is also one of the best choices when you want to spend a pleasant night. Bars and cafe are also nice.
Yuanjiang Hotel KTV(元江大酒店KTV)
Address: No.2 on the Hongqi Road in Yuanjiang Hani, Yi and Dai Autonomous County(元江哈尼族彝族傣族自治县红旗路2号)
Tel: 0877-6513888
Furong Business Entertainment Club(芙蓉商务娱乐会所)
Address: on the crossover of Fenghuang Road and Honghe Road in Yuanjiang Hani, Yi and Dai Autonomous County(元江哈尼族彝族傣族自治县凤凰路与红河路交叉口)
Tel: 0877-6017555
Xinhai Yangguang KTV(新海阳光量贩KTV)
Address: No,23 on the Fenghuang Road in Yuanjiang Hani, Yi and Dai Autonomous County(元江哈尼族彝族傣族自治县凤凰路23号)
Tel: 0877-6012777
Xiangchaju Teahouse(香茶居)
Address: on the end of Wenhua Road in Yuanjiang Hani, Yi and Dai Autonomous County(元江哈尼族彝族傣族自治县文化路末端)
Tel: 13988491978
Mandiwei Bar(曼蒂维酒吧)
Address: on the Sun City Square in Yuanjiang Hani, Yi and Dai Autonomous County(元江哈尼族彝族傣族自治县太阳城广场)
Tel: 18608774308
Their language belongs to the Yi branch of the Tibetan-Myanmese language group of the Chinese-Tibetan language family. Having no script of their own before 1949, they kept records by carving notches on sticks. In 1957 the people’s government helped them to create a script based on the Roman alphabet.
The areas inhabited by the Hanis have rich natural resources. Beneath the ground are deposits of tin, copper, iron, nickel and other minerals. Growing on the rolling Ailao Mountains are pine, cypress, palm, tung oil and camphor trees, and the forests abound in animals such as tigers, leopards, bears, monkeys, peacocks, parrots and pheasants. Being subtropical, the land is fertile and the rainfall plentiful – ideal for growing rice, millet, cotton, peanuts, indigo and tea. Xishuangbanna’s Nanru Hills are one of the country’s major producers of the famous Pu’er tea.
The Hanis are monogamous. Before 1949, a man was allowed to have a concubine if the wife had born him no son after some years of marriage. However, he was not supposed to forsake his original wife to remarry. Marriages are mostly arranged by the parents.
A son’s name begins with the last one or two words of his father’s name in order to keep the family line going. This practice has been handed down for as many as 55 generations in some families.
The Hanis prefer clothing made of home-spun dark blue cloth. Men wear front-buttoned jackets and trousers, and black or white cloth turbans. Women have collarless, front-buttoned blouses with the cuffs and trouser legs laced. Hanis in Xishuangbanna wear jackets buttoned on the right side and decorated with silver ornaments. They wear black turbans. Women there, as well as in the Lancang area, wear skirts, round caps, and strings of silver ornaments. Both men and women wear leggings. In Mojiang, Yuanjiang and Jiangcheng, some women wear long, pleated or narrow skirts, while others have knee-length trousers with embroidered girdles. Women in general like to wear earrings, silver rings and necklaces. Married and unmarried women wear different hairstyles.
The Hanis build their two- and three-story houses of bamboo, mud, stone and wood on hill slopes. A village comprises from ten to as many as 400 households. In places like Honghe, Yuanyang and Luchun, houses have mud walls and thatched roofs, supported by wooden pillars placed on stone foundations, while in Xishuangbanna, houses are built of bamboo.
They are polytheists and ancestor worshippers. Rituals are regularly held to worship the Gods of Heaven, Earth, the Dragon Tree and their village, as well as their family patron gods. Believing they are protected by the God of the village gate, the Hanis in Xishuangbanna also hold ceremonies to pay respects to this deity. A shaman presides over the rites, at which sacrifices of cattle are offered.
There are days devoted to animals, such as Sheep Day, on which sacrifices are made. On days when someone dies, a wild animal comes into the village, a dog climbs onto the roof of a house, or a fire breaks out, people would be called to stop working and hold ceremonies to avert misfortune.
The Hani people celebrate their New Year in October, as their lunar calendar begins in that month. During the weeklong festivities, pigs are slaughtered and special glutinous rice balls are prepared. Relatives and friends visit each other, go-betweens are busy making matches, and married women go to see their parents. They also celebrate the June Festival, which falls on the 24th of that month. This is a happy occasion especially for the young people. They sing, dance, play on swings and hold wrestling contests. At night, people in some places light pine torches while beating drums and gongs to expel evil spirits and disease. Like their Han neighbors, the Hanis who live in the Honghe area celebrate the Spring, Dragon Boat and Moon festivals.
Legends, fairy tales, poetry, stories, fables, ballads, proverbs, mythology and riddles form their oral literature. Genesis is a legend describing the origin of all things on earth. An Account of Floods tells how men conquered floods. Labare and Ahjigu are songs sung on solemn occasions such as weddings, funerals, festivals and religious rituals.
The Hanis are good singers and dancers. They use three- and four-stringed instruments, flutes and gourd-shaped wind instruments. Popular are the “Hand Clapping” and “Fan” dances. The “Dongpocuo” dance popular in Xishuangbanna is a typical Hani dance; it is vigorous, graceful and rhythmic.
Dai Ethnic Group
Huayao Dai are Dai ethnic people living on the east of Ailao Mountain and upstream of Red River, mainly in Xingping County and Yuanjiang County. Most Huayao Dai live in Mosha Town, Gasa Town, Yaojie Town and Shuitang Town. Huayao Dai is also called Daisa in Mosha Town which is one of the habitations with the most intensive Huayao Dai in Yunnan.
Damuyu Village in Mosha Town is a very typical Dai village. With the subtropical climate, it is named “natural greenhouse”. Huayao Dai here are local ethnics of the Ancient State of Ailao Areas, and they are said to have blood relationships of the royal imperial families. Sa far, they still keep the old living customs, and the traditional costumes are the biggest attractions in the village.
A dancing trope which has inherited the culture of Huayao Dai stages performances every day here.
Girls from the troupe wear the traditional upper outer garments which include underwear and an outerwear without buttons. The outerwear is short and covers only the chest. Owing to the short outerwear, their waists are exposed. They always wear a colored ribbon which can be used to fasten their skirt or tighten waist. Thus, they are called Huayao Dai
Yuxi was once the core area of Yunnan Province during the Previous Qin Dynasty (period before 221BC). In the Western Han Dynasty (206BC-24AD), it became a county of Yizhou Shire. The following dynasties witnessed the continuous separations and unifications of the area. It was not until 1997 that Yuxi became a prefecture-level city of the Republic of The city was founded in 960 AD, at a time when Yunnan was not yet part of China. Yuxi was once the core area of Yunnan Province during the Previous Qin Dynasty (period before 221BC). In the Western Han Dynasty (206BC-24AD), it became a county of Yizhou Shire. The following dynasties witnessed the continuous separations and unifications of the area. It was not until 1997 that Yuxi became a prefecture-level city of the Republic of China.
Hongta District has a splendid history. Xinxing Zhou was the previous administrative unit and memorable name in Yuxi history. After the founding of New China, Yuxi County was established and then Yuxi City which functioned as a county. In 1998, Yuxi Prefecture was changed into Yuxi Municipality and Yuxi City into Hongta District.
Hongta District now is the political, economic and cultural center and the site of the Party, Army and administrative institutions of Yuxi municipality. It covers an area of 1004km2 with a total population of 382,000. Its favorable ecological conditions benefit people to produce high-quality tobacco, thus “the Home of Yunnan Tobacco”. Being diligent and hard-working, the ethnic groups here have their own splendid cultures, and are good at singing and dancing, thus “the Hometown of Huadeng Opera”. It is also the hometown of Mr. Nie’er, people’s musician who composed the National Anthem of the People’s Republic of China. It offers convenient transportation because it enjoys a geographical vantage. It is located at the hub of the “Three-Lake-One-Mountain” tourist route of Yuxi, on the passageway from Kunming to the scenic spots in Southern Asia.
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Huaning County History
According to the historical materials, Huaning has a long history of more than 2000 years. After the warring stage, old China was divided into 9 prefecture, and Huaning county...
Huaning County Entertainment
The entertainment facilities of Huaning county are impeccable. You can find teahouses everywhere, local people always spend their leisure afternoon in these teahouses. KTV is also one of the...
Huaning County Culture
In 2010, Huaning county held different kinds of cultural activities more than 60 times and performances more than 210 times. The total volume of books reserved in libraries and...
Malong District Culture
The Torch Festival is a traditional festival, it has a significant culture meaning for Yi people in Malong. Torch Festival is a grand festival of Yi people, usually held on...
Eshan County History
During the pre-Qin period, Eshan was the territory of the ancient Yunnan Kingdom(古滇国), then, in Han dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Yizhou prefecture. In three kingdoms period...
Eshan County Entertainment
The entertainment facilities of Eshan county are impeccable. You can find teahouses everywhere, local people always spend their leisure afternoon in these teahouses. KTV is also one of the...
Eshan County Culture
Eshan is a Yi Autonomous county, no doubt, it has a brilliant Yi culture, the core of Eshan Yi culture is the culture of the first Yi ancestor-Apu Dumu(阿普笃慕),...
Malong District History
In Han Dynasty, it is called Tonglai County, under Yizhou Prefecture. In Jin Dynasty, Song and Qi, it is still called Tonglai, but is one of Jianning Prefecture’s counties. ...
Yuanjiang County History
In the Han Dynasty and Jin Dynasty, Yuanjiang was called Luopandian(罗盘甸) under the jurisdiction of Xingu Prefecture(兴古郡). In Tang and Song Dynasty, it was name as Butou and under...
Yuanjiang County Entertainment
The entertainment facilities of Yuanjiang county are impeccable. You can find teahouses everywhere, local people always spend their leisure afternoon in these teahouses. KTV is also one of the...
Yuanjiang County Culture
Their language belongs to the Yi branch of the Tibetan-Myanmese language group of the Chinese-Tibetan language family. Having no script of their own before 1949, they kept records by...
Hongta District History in Yuxi
Yuxi was once the core area of Yunnan Province during the Previous Qin Dynasty (period before 221BC). In the Western Han Dynasty (206BC-24AD), it became a county of Yizhou...
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