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Amsterdam is the capital city of the Netherlands, located in the northwestern part of the country. It lies at the confluence of the Amstel River and several canals. The city is known for its historic architecture, vibrant culture, and extensive canal system.
Amsterdam is bordered by:
Amsterdam is famous for its art museums, including the Rijksmuseum and Van Gogh Museum, as well as its historic canals, which are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The city offers a blend of cultural experiences, with a rich history reflected in its architecture and vibrant neighborhoods.
Here’s the approximate distance from Amsterdam to major cities in Yunnan:
City | Distance (KM) | Distance (Miles) |
---|---|---|
Kunming | 8,263 | 5,144 |
Dali | 8,274 | 5,150 |
Lijiang | 8,280 | 5,152 |
Shangri-La | 8,294 | 5,157 |
Xishuangbanna | 8,342 | 5,185 |
Baoshan | 8,294 | 5,157 |
Tengchong | 8,365 | 5,196 |
Dehong | 8,321 | 5,171 |
Wenshan | 8,365 | 5,196 |
Chuxiong | 8,294 | 5,157 |
Zhaotong | 8,365 | 5,196 |
Honghe | 8,342 | 5,185 |
Puer | 8,365 | 5,196 |
Lincang | 8,365 | 5,196 |
Qujing | 8,365 | 5,196 |
Yuxi | 8,342 | 5,185 |
Nujiang | 8,365 | 5,196 |
You can connect through the following international airports to reach Yunnan:
Andorra La Vella is the capital of Andorra, a small, landlocked country located in the Eastern Pyrenees mountains between France and Spain. It is the highest capital city in Europe, situated at an elevation of approximately 1,023 meters (3,356 feet).
Andorra La Vella is known for its stunning mountain scenery, tax-free shopping, and vibrant culture. The city features a mix of modern architecture and historic buildings, including the iconic Casa de la Vall, which is a symbol of Andorran heritage. The surrounding area offers numerous outdoor activities, such as skiing in winter and hiking in summer.
Here’s a distance table detailing the approximate distances from Andorra La Vella to major cities in Yunnan:
City (Andorra La Vella) | City (Yunnan) | Distance (KM) | Distance (Miles) |
---|---|---|---|
Andorra La Vella | Kunming | 9,060 | 5,622 |
Andorra La Vella | Dali | 9,160 | 5,695 |
Andorra La Vella | Lijiang | 9,160 | 5,695 |
Andorra La Vella | Shangri-La | 9,210 | 5,730 |
Andorra La Vella | Xishuangbanna | 9,060 | 5,622 |
Andorra La Vella | Baoshan | 9,160 | 5,695 |
Andorra La Vella | Tengchong | 9,210 | 5,730 |
Andorra La Vella | Dehong | 9,060 | 5,622 |
Andorra La Vella | Wenshan | 9,060 | 5,622 |
Andorra La Vella | Chuxiong | 9,160 | 5,695 |
Andorra La Vella | Zhaotong | 9,160 | 5,695 |
Andorra La Vella | Honghe | 9,060 | 5,622 |
Andorra La Vella | Puer | 9,160 | 5,695 |
Andorra La Vella | Lincang | 9,210 | 5,730 |
Andorra La Vella | Qujing | 9,210 | 5,730 |
Andorra La Vella | Yuxi | 9,160 | 5,695 |
Andorra La Vella | Nujiang | 9,210 | 5,730 |
To connect flights from Andorra La Vella to Yunnan, consider these major international airports:
Ankara is the capital city of Turkey, located in the central part of the country. It serves as a significant political and cultural center, bordered by several provinces including Kırıkkale to the east, Aksaray to the south, and Eskişehir to the northwest. Ankara is known for its rich history, modern architecture, and institutions.
Here’s a breakdown of the distances from Ankara to major cities in Yunnan:
City | Distance (KM) | Distance (Miles) |
---|---|---|
Kunming | 6,530 | 4,059 |
Dali | 6,659 | 4,142 |
Lijiang | 6,775 | 4,205 |
Shangri-La | 6,820 | 4,239 |
Xishuangbanna | 6,600 | 4,101 |
Baoshan | 6,703 | 4,166 |
Tengchong | 6,850 | 4,263 |
Dehong | 6,750 | 4,189 |
Wenshan | 6,640 | 4,128 |
Chuxiong | 6,530 | 4,059 |
Zhaotong | 6,680 | 4,146 |
Honghe | 6,590 | 4,098 |
Puer | 6,750 | 4,189 |
Lincang | 6,800 | 4,225 |
Qujing | 6,580 | 4,092 |
Yuxi | 6,540 | 4,067 |
Nujiang | 6,800 | 4,225 |
Currently, there are no direct flights from Ankara to Yunnan. Travelers will likely need to connect through major international airports.
To reach Yunnan, you can connect through the following international airports:
Yunnan is served by several international airports:
Travelers can book guided tours or customize their itineraries through various travel agencies. Here are some popular tour packages:
This guide provides a comprehensive overview of planning your trip from Ankara to Yunnan, including distances, flight connections, travel tips, and popular tours. Enjoy your adventure in this beautiful province!
Antananarivo, the capital city of Madagascar, is situated in the central highlands of the island. It is a vibrant city known for its rich history, unique culture, and beautiful landscapes.
Madagascar is an island nation, bordered by the Indian Ocean. The closest mainland countries are Mozambique to the west and South Africa to the south.
Antananarivo, often referred to as Tana, is characterized by its hilly terrain, historical sites, and bustling markets. The city is a cultural hub, featuring a mix of Malagasy and French influences.
Here’s a distance chart to help you understand how far Antananarivo is from key cities in Yunnan:
City | Distance (KM) | Distance (Miles) |
---|---|---|
Kunming | 8,256 | 5,137 |
Dali | 8,309 | 5,159 |
Lijiang | 8,355 | 5,192 |
Shangri-La | 8,435 | 5,247 |
Xishuangbanna | 8,288 | 5,147 |
Baoshan | 8,357 | 5,197 |
Tengchong | 8,445 | 5,256 |
Dehong | 8,242 | 5,126 |
Wenshan | 8,169 | 5,078 |
Chuxiong | 8,163 | 5,074 |
Zhaotong | 8,319 | 5,175 |
Honghe | 8,080 | 5,018 |
Puer | 8,228 | 5,115 |
Lincang | 8,415 | 5,230 |
Qujing | 8,303 | 5,155 |
Yuxi | 8,300 | 5,152 |
Nujiang | 8,537 | 5,303 |
To travel from Antananarivo to Yunnan, you’ll need to take connecting flights. Below are the possible international airports for your journey:
You can arrive in Yunnan through the following international airports:
Abu Dhabi is the capital of the United Arab Emirates, located on an island in the Persian Gulf. It shares borders with Saudi Arabia to the south and is known for its modern architecture, cultural sites, and vibrant economy.
Here’s a distance chart from Abu Dhabi to key cities in Yunnan:
City | Distance (KM) | Distance (Miles) |
---|---|---|
Kunming | 5,900 | 3,666 |
Dali | 6,000 | 3,728 |
Lijiang | 6,100 | 3,792 |
Shangri-La | 6,300 | 3,913 |
Xishuangbanna | 6,400 | 3,977 |
Baoshan | 6,000 | 3,728 |
Tengchong | 6,200 | 3,850 |
Dehong | 6,300 | 3,913 |
Wenshan | 6,400 | 3,977 |
Chuxiong | 6,300 | 3,913 |
Zhaotong | 6,500 | 4,038 |
Honghe | 6,400 | 3,977 |
Puer | 6,500 | 4,038 |
Lincang | 6,600 | 4,100 |
Qujing | 6,400 | 3,977 |
Yuxi | 6,300 | 3,913 |
Nujiang | 6,500 | 4,038 |
Direct flights from Abu Dhabi to Yunnan cities such as Kunming may require connections through major international airports including Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu, or Hong Kong.
To connect from Abu Dhabi to Yunnan, you can fly through:
Explore various travel packages that include top Yunnan destinations:
The news was updated on March 27, 2019.
More than 30 actors with the Lahu, Hani, Yi and Yi ethnic groups in southwest Yunnan’s Pu’er presented their colorful customs at the China International Fashion Week on March 25.
The China International Fashion Week kicked off with an autumn-winter 2019-2020 International Young Fashion Designers Contest runway in Beijing Hotel, drawing in 16 international fashion brands from Canada, Korea, Denmark, and the Netherlands.
“In designing the costumes, we got inspired by Lahu’s creation epic Mupamipa and their ancient songs passed down from generation to generation,” said Zhang Yujia, designer of the Pu’er costumes. The Lahu is an ethnic group that directly entered socialism from the primitive society.
The news was updated on March 22, 2019.
A Chinese railway engineering company on Thursday drilled through Boten Tunnel, the first major tunnel over 5,000 meters along the China-Laos railway.
This marks an important milestone in the construction of the project. The Boten Tunnel, with a length of 6453.5 meters, is among the 10 major tunnels longer than five km along the China-Laos Railway.
Khamsouk Bounyavong, vice president of Lao People’s Revolutionary Party Central Committee’s Inspection Committee, and Ju Guojiang, chairman of the Laos-China Railway Co., Ltd, the joint venture in charge of the construction and the operation of the railway, attended the drilling-through ceremony in Boten on Thursday.
The tunnel has to pass through unfavorable geology such as karst, bedding rock, fault fracture zone, gypsum, carbon mudstone, and water inrush, and it varies, thus creating lots of difficulties to the Chinese engineering company, China Railway No. 5 Engineering Group (CREC-5).
The Boten Tunnel was selected to be built as a high-quality demonstration model for the railway project. Since March 2017 when the construction started, the Chinese engineers have strictly implemented the managing requirements of mechanization, industrialization, informatization and profession.
The CREC-5 strengthened the on-site safety and quality control and extensively applied tunnel construction kits, vigorously carried out scientific and technological research, actively promoted the application of new technologies, and paid close attention to process management so as to ensure the safe and orderly advancement of tunnel construction, and lay a solid foundation for the Thursday’s victorious breakthrough.
The China-Laos Railway is a strategic docking project between the China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative and Laos’ strategy to convert from a landlocked country to a land-linked hub.
The 414.332-km railway runs from Mohan-Boten border gate in northern Laos to the capital of Vientiane within an operating speed of 160 km per hour.
The electrified passenger and cargo railway is built with the full application of Chinese management standards and technical standards
The project started in December 2016 and is scheduled to be completed and opened to traffic in December 2021.
Hexi Confucius Temple was rebuilt in 1471 and overhauled by Guang Xu in the Qing Dynasty in 1890, covering an area of more than 9000 square meters. The main existing architectures of the temple are the Dacheng Hall大成殿, Wenmingfang文明坊, the Dacheng Gate大成门, the East-West Corridor veranda东西廊庑 and the Minglun Hall明伦堂. Hexi Confucius Temple is grand and spectacular. On April 30, 2001, it was listed as the first batch of municiple key cultural relics protection units, and in 2003 was listed as provincial key cultural relics protection units.
Hexi Village河西村 belongs to the Hexi Village Committee of Hexi Town, Tonghai County. It is a market town area of Hexi Town. In Hexi Village Committee, the road is cement road, and the traffic is convenient. In 2013, Hexi Village was listed in the second batch of traditional Chinese villages with important protective value. Hexi Confucius Temple is located in the southeast of Hexi Town, inside Hexi Village. There are many valuable cultural relics and monuments, among them, “official inscription of the Ministry of Rites礼部批文碑”, “Confucianism Exhort Stele儒学箴碑”, the stone couplet in front of Xianshi Palace先师殿 and the Tang Cypress are the most popular ones. On April 30, 2001, Yuxi City as the first batch of municiple key cultural relics protection units, in 2003 was listed as provincial key cultural relics protection units.
1. Xiushan Mountain Park秀山公园
Xiushan Mountain Park, located in the south of Tonghai county, is one of the important scenic spots in Yuxi and is also the national AAAA level scenic spot. On Xiushan mountain, there are numerous ancient buildings and couplets, with a thick cultural atmosphere.
2. Bailong Temple白龙寺
Bailong temple, located in the deep forest on the west of Yongjin temple, was founded in 1486. In recent years, part of galleries and service facilities have been expanded, leading water up the mountain, digging the pool to cultivate lotus and various flowers and plants, which has become a new tourist attraction of Xiushan mountain park. The new attraction architecture complex, located in front of the Bailong temple, was built in 1988. It contains Bbaiyun dock白云坞, Sizhu pavillion丝竹馆, painting and calligraphy exhibition room, pool gallery, wealth temple, orchid garden and tea garden.
3. Yuanming Temple圆明寺
Located in the northwest of Tonghai County, Puying foothill is 15 kilometers away from the county seat, and only 1 kilometers from the government seat of Hexi Town. Yuanming Temple is there. The temple has been a Buddhist shrine for more than 600 years since it was rebuilt. In the Qing Dynasty, it has become a tourist attraction in central and southern Yunnan. After the founding of the people’s Republic of China, it was one of the most famous scenic spots in the former Hexi County, known as the “Yuanming Temple Park.” It is still one of the tourist attractions in southern Yunnan. In 1964, it was designated as a tourist attraction open to the outside world, and it was listed as a key cultural relic protection unit in November 1988.
Tourists have two ways to get to Hexi Confucius Temple in Tonghai County, long-distance bus and train.
1. By Long-distance Bus
There are long-distance buses from Kunming to Tonghai County. After arriving in Tonghai County, you can take a taxi to Hexi Village. It takes about 30 minutes. Confucius temple is at Hexi Village.
Kunming East Bus Station-Tonghai Bus Terminal
Departure Time: 6:58-18:00
Ticket Price: 42 CNY
Distance: 138 Kilometers
Consume Time: About 2.5 hours
2. By Train
Kunming Station-Tonghai Station
Departure Time: 7:45, 11:02, 12:30, 15:41
Ticket Price: 21.5 CNY
Distance: 139 Kilometers
Consume Time: About 2 hours
Hexi Confucius Temple visit is mainly indoor activities, therefore tour is possible all the year round.
Since Hexi Confucius Temple is not far from Tonghai County, you can stay in Tonghai County for overnight. Of course, there are some hotels around Hexi Confucius Temple. Accommodation is convenient there.
1. Tonghai Landun Hotel通海兰顿酒店
Address: No.72, Liyue West Road, Xiushan Subdistrict, Tonghai County, Yuxi玉溪市通海县秀山街道礼乐西路72号
Tel: 0877-3098888
Starting Price: 114 CNY
2. Tonghai Mingbang Hotel通海名邦大酒店
Address: No.219, Xiushan West Road, Sangyuan Industrial Zone, Tonghai County, Yuxi玉溪市通海县桑园工业区秀山西路219号
Tel: 0877-3058999
Starting Price: 145 CNY
3. Pai Hotel派酒店
Address: No.21, Yixiu Road, Xiushan Subdistrict, Tonghai County, Yuxi玉溪市通海县秀山街道挹秀路21号
Tel: 0877-3010098
Starting Price: 97 CNY
1. Learn something about Confucius in advance;
2. Do not make noise when visiting;
3. You can participate in some cultural activities during festivals.
Chinese Name:景东县御笔山古茶园
English Name:The Ancient Tea Plantations in Yubishan Mountain of Jingdong County, Puer
Puer Ancient Tea Plantations of Yubishan Mountain Travel: Entrance Tickets, Travel Tips, Photos and Maps||Puer Puer Ancient Tea Plantations of Yubishan Mountain in Jingdong County, travel guide introduces the main attractions, entrance tickets booking, The best time to visit, How to Get there, the highlights, facts, history, photos, weather, accommodation, visiting routes, travel tips, tour maps of Ancient Tea Plantations of Yubishan Mountain in Puer(景东县御笔山古茶园).
Located in the southernmost of Jingdong County(景东县), the Imperial Pen Ancient Tea Mountain(御笔古茶山) or Yubishan Mountain covers 279 hectares, and which was distributed in block-shaped. The tea of Wenjing Town(文井镇), Bingbi(丙必村), Qingliang (清凉村), Shanxin Village (山心村) , Zhupeng(竹蓬村) and the ecological tea of Jinping Town(锦屏镇), Shanchong Village (山冲村)are the typical plants in this area.
Geographic Position
The Imperial Pen Ancient Tea Mountain(御笔古茶山) is the epitome of “a blessed place, Jingdong(景东县) in Wuliang Mountain(无量山)with promising future ”. With the continuous investigation and exploration of Yinsheng culture (银生文化), the Imperial Pen Ancient Tea Mountain(御笔古茶山) has gradually received increasingly attention. The Imperial Pen Ancient Tea Mountain’(御笔古茶山) altitude is from 1600 to 2000 meters, yearly average temperature is 13.5℃, annual precipitation is 1300 millimeter, and the soil classifies as red sandy soil. It’s planted tea trees 12600 acres, and about 4800 acres are planted ancient tea trees.
The Imperial Pen Ancient Tea Mountain (御笔古茶山) is one of the ancient tea mountain among 26 mountains in Pu’er City(普洱市,in the southwest of Yunnan Province). It located in the Wuliang Mountain(无量山) in which is a national natural reserve, and the distance between it and Jingdong County is 9 kilometers, and its altitude is from 1700 to 2150 meters. The ancient tea plantation includes Wukezhuang(五棵桩), Caizidi(菜子地), Dengjiagu(邓家古) and Gaolaozhuang(高老庄), etc. The Imperial Pen Ancient Tea Mountain (御笔古茶山) is the mirror of Jingdong with gorgeous scenery, pleasant climate and nomascus nasutus’s singing.
The source and center of world tea
Pu’er was awarded “the source and center of world tea” by the International Tea Committee in 2013, and Pu’er has become the only complete biological chain in tea family’s vertical evolution in the world. The Imperial Pen Ancient Tea Mountain (御笔古茶山) is one of the significant ancient tea mountain recorded by Chuo FAN(樊绰) in <Man Shu>(《蛮书》, a kind of historical book which recorded the events in Nanzhao) who lived in Tang Dynasty.
Quality And Characteristics
The Pu’er Tea made from raw material coming from the Imperial Pen Ancient Tea Mountain (御笔古茶山) has remarkable characteristics. Its samples seem that every tea leaves are bright red in color, compact in shape. And tea liquid is bright yellow in color, obvious bitter and short astringent in taste. Lasting sweet and elegant aroma is the attraction of the tea. You will enlightened by the smell of the tea, just like you are walking in the forest with lingering flavor.
Translated bu Chen Linxiu/陈林秀
Chinese Version:
http://www.puercn.com/puerchanews/news/81604.html
Chinese Name:澜沧县上允镇芒角村芒京寨(傣崩人构皮手工造纸术)
English Name:Mangjing Village and Paper-Making Process of Daibeng Ethnic People in Lancang County, Puer
Link: http://www.pelcxxw.cn/xcgz/5012743188133811036
Puer Mangjing Village and Paper-Making Process of Daibeng Ethnic People in Lancang County travel guide introduces the main attractions, entrance tickets booking, The best time to visit, How to Get there, the highlights, facts, history, photos, weather, accommodation, visiting routes, travel tips, tour maps of Mangjing Village and Paper-Making Process of Daibeng Ethnic People in Puer(澜沧县上允镇芒角村芒京寨/傣崩人构皮手工造纸术).
The papermaking is one of China’s four great inventions, and it has been the treasure and proud of people. However, the way of ancients’ papermaking has been extravagantly strange for us who live at the age of Internet, and what we roughly understand comes from brief introduction in literatures. While folk craftsmen scattered in ethnic minorities insist on unique workmanship spirit and make their living by virtue of their own skills, by which we are enabled to witness real traces of the papermaking technique in remote times. The craftsmen in Shangyun Town have been passing on their skills and hold in their own worships with the papers developed themselves.
Mangjing and Mangna, unique villages where Dai people live and under the jurisdiction of Mangjiao Village Committee, Shangyun Town, Lahu Ethnic Autonomous County, Lancang, located at six kilometers in the west of Shangyun Town, Lahu Ethnic Autonomous County, Lancang, is a Dai inhabit mountains. Dai People living there Claims themselves to be “Beng People”, the difference between Ben People and other Dai national minorities lies in women’s headscarf headscarves, which are made of native clothes woven by women themselves, taking on a unique pattern of yellow-red-black alternate colors.
It was said that “Beng People” emigrated from Baoshan, one tribe of them settled in Mengding Town, Gengma County, and the other visited Shangyun Town, Lancang County. There is no historical data available for review for when “Beng People” started to conduct the papermaking, which has a long history by inferring from related information. The ancestors of Dai people embraced Buddhism, and they would chant the buddhist scriptures while holding sacrifices. And the paper was required to transcribe scriptures, the paper was deemed to be luxurious item under the condition of backward social production at that time, and common people could not afford it. Gradually, diligent and smart ancestors of Beng people found that the barks of broussonetia papyrifera could be used to make the paper, which developed were characterized with tenaciousness, whiteness, tenderness, smoothness, non-obsoleteness under long storage, non-breakage under great force, anticorrosion and mothproof feature and others advantages, and the characters written down on the paper would never fade. So the scriptures transcribed could be saved for forever and handed down from generation to generation. Currently, not only Dai people transcribe scriptures with the paper but also surrounding peoples and folks from temples apply the paper and other sacrificial offerings, and the paper is widely used in folk activities and daily life.
Manual papermaking technique of Beng people from Dai nationality is a technique developed based on traditional papermaking, and it is a “living fossil” of folk papermaking in China. This papermaking process completely remains 5 processes including the “soaking, steaming, paper pouring, paper drying” as well as 11 working procedures including materials purchasing, soaking, mixing, steaming, washing, pulp tamping, paper pouring, paper drying and paper unveiling. Beng people call paper developed “Gei” or “Jie” (spelled in Chinese Pinyin), main raw materials of such paper are made of broussonetia papyrifera (named to be “Maisa” by Beng people) and lobules tree (named to be “Maihai” by Beng people). The broussonetia papyrifera tree is a perennial broadleaf shrub generally grown in Lancang, which is easy to plant and survive, and this species of tree has been planted by many farmers around the house. This plant grows faster, and normally it may be cut approximately on yearly basis. Its branches may be burned as the firewood, its leaves may be used to feed pigs, and its barks may be used to make paper.
It is required to collect raw materials for papermaking, people came and visited around their homes and near stockade villages to cut off trunk of broussonetia papyrifera or cut down large-size branches during July and August annually, carefully stripped the barks, and then washed off the mucus from stripped trunks of broussonetia papyrifera by virtue of the water on the river, scrapped outside layer of black bark entirely with the knife, only retaining white tender bark. The barks will be washed on the river for the first time when they are peeled off, at that time the black barks must be completely cleaned, or otherwise they will impair the quality of the paper. When the barks are cleaned, they will be carried home for the second process, namely the separation of the fiber, the cleaned barks of broussonetia papyrifera will be subjected to the heating, plant ash tapping and plant ash developing to have plant fiber raw materials scattered into fibrous shape, firstly sift the heated pulp with the sieve to remove the charcoal and other sundr[FS:Page]ies, and then put soaked and softened barks of broussonetia papyrifera into it, evenly attach the plant ash onto the barks of broussonetia papyrifera (the quality of the plant ash is related to burned firewood, the better quality of the firewood, the stronger the alkaline of the ash will be), and to fully alkalize the barks of broussonetia papyrifera (the alkaline of the plant ash is also related to the quality of the paper, the stronger the alkaline is, the whiter will the paper be), and then put the paper affixed with the plant ash into the pot with water, cover with sackcloth, and cook with the fire. Only the barks of broussonetia papyrifera is completely boiled regardless the duration.
Reload cooked barks of broussonetia papyrifera to the river and rinse them carefully, repeatedly and cautiously twist, and rub repeatedly and clean up the scum left on the barks. Rinsed barks are white and bright, carry such barks home, put them on clean slab and repeatedly tamp with the mallet hammer until the fibers of broussonetia papyrifera naturally are dispersed in the water.
Additionally, it is required build a small pool as a paper bed for purpose of traditional papermaking, and then develop a wooden frame with the size in 77 cm (length) ×55 cm (width) with native cloth nailed inside wooden frame nails to shape papery blank, which is called to be “He” (Pinyin in Chinese) by Beng people. Put two thirds of clean water into the pool while pouring the paper, and then gently put the ground paper into the pool, put appropriate amount of pulp into the pool in turn, spread such paper continuously with the hands and gently beat back and forth, and then slowly elevate the pulp when it settles onto the cloth, while the paper developed will not be divided evenly and even suffers from the emptiness and become the waste if the pulp used is excessively much or little, unevenly spread out, excessively and fast forced in the process of ground paper and other improper operations. Put the ground paper and expose it under the sunshine when it is put up, and flatly roll the ground paper gently with smooth bowl when it is half dried, wait and take the paper from the ground paper until the color of the paper completely become white. In this case, the paper is finished.
Handmade papermaking of Beng people from Dai ethnicity in Mangjing and Mangna was commonly found in 60-70s of the 20th century, and 70% of women in the village were capable of making paper, and the paper developed by them ever spread to Burma and Ximeng, Lincang and Jinghong in Yunnan.
Presently, since a large number of mechanical paper floods the market, traditional manual paper is influenced, causing that many farmers engaging in paper making have to turn to the development of other industries due to excessively high cost of traditional handmade papermaking, harsh marketing, low price and long duration. Now almost there are not farmers severing the papermaking, traditional manmade papermaking process of Beng people from Dai ethnicity in Mangjing and Mangna are in endangered status. In order to protect cultural treasure of Beng people and to enable successors to completely and authentically taste such ancient homemade manmade papermaking process, the papermaking of Beng people had been enrolled into municipality-level intangible cultural heritage protection list in national and folk traditional folk culture survey of Yunnan in 2005 for the first time.
Tonghai Xiushan Park, located in the south of Tonghai county, Yuxi city, Yunnan province, is one of the important scenic spots in Yuxi. The peak is 2060 meters above sea level, with a vertical height of nearly 200 meters, covering an area of 7.6 square kilometers, a sightseeing area of 1.55 million square meters and a building area of more than 50,000 square meters. Xiushan mountain is a historical and cultural park. Tonghai Xiushan mountain, together with Jinma mountain金马山 and Biji mountain碧鸡山 in Kunming, as well as Cangshan mountain苍山 in Dali, was named as four famous mountains in Yunnan during the Ming dynasty. There are Sanyuan palace三元宫, Puguang temple普光寺, Jade emperor pavilion, Qingliangtai清水台, Wanshou palace万寿宫, Doutian pavilion斗天阁, Yongjin temple涌金寺, Bailong temple白龙寺 and other ancient architectural complex. It is now a national 4A class tourist area.
Xiushan Mountain Park is one of the most important scenic spots in Yuxi, with lush trees, numerous ancient buildings and couplets. The rare Song Cypress宋柏, Yuan Cedar元杉 and Ming Yulan明玉兰 on the mountain are honored as “three unique三绝”. Xiushan Mountain is known as “Baishan Lianhai匾山联海” and “stela forest”, and the retained inscribed tablets and stelas have formed a scenic spot featuring human landscape and rare ancient wood. Climb up to the Xiushan mountain and enjoy the scenery of Qilu lake, Tonghai county and basin. During festivals, many people come to pray.
In the middle of Xiushan mountain, Puguang temple was built in the ninth year of Chunyou(淳佑九年) in the south Song dynasty (AD 1249), namely, the 11th year of Daolong in Dali Kingdom(大理国道隆十一年). Puguang temple architectural complex contains Zhiguang Hall置观堂, Panfu Ancestral Hall畔富祠, Panfu Tower畔富塔 and Xibo Pond洗钵池, etc, which is one of the oldest architecture in Xiushan mountain.
The original name of the Qingliangtai was Qingliang temple, and Qingliangtai was after the Jade Emperor Pavilion. Qingliangtai was built in the late Tang dynasty. In 1478, the monk Jingzong净宗 of Puguang temple reestablished it. Qingliangtai architectures such as Haiyun tower海云楼, Qianfeng Wanhe tower千沟万壑之楼, Penglai pavilion蓬莱阁, Luxian Ancestral temple鲁贤祠, Guixiang hall桂香殿, Wuhou temple武侯祠, and Yaowang hall药王殿 are connected into a whole of four-yard and three-way architecture.
Yongjin temple, located at the top of Xiushan mountain, was founded in the Song dynasty by the emperor Jiaxi嘉兴(AD 1237-1240), and repaired in the Yuan dynasty(AD 1340-1368). Nearly a thousand years, as the temple of central Yunnan, there are more than hundred monks in the temple during Ming and Qing dynasty. Yongjin Temple, also known as Dading Temple大顶寺, is the highest architecture on Xiushan Mountain, covering an area of more than 6000 square meters.
Bailong temple, located in the deep forest on the west of Yongjin temple, was founded in 1486. In recent years, part of galleries and service facilities have been expanded, leading water up the mountain, digging the pool to cultivate lotus and various flowers and plants, which has become a new tourist attraction of Xiushan mountain park. The new attraction architecture complex, located in front of the Bailong temple, was built in 1988. It contains Bbaiyun dock白云坞, Sizhu pavillion丝竹馆, painting and calligraphy exhibition room, pool gallery, wealth temple, orchid garden and tea garden.
5. Tonghai Confucious Temple通海文庙
Tonghai Confucious temple is located at the south of Tonghai county. The Confucious temple consists of Wenmingfang文明坊, Zhonglie Ancestral Temple忠烈祠, Jiexiao Temple节孝祠, Dachegn Gate大城门, Minghuan Temple名宦祠, Dongwu东庑, Xiwu西庑, Dacheng Palace大城殿, Chongsheng Temple崇圣祠 and Zunjing Pavillion尊经阁, covering an area of 12,000 square meters. Tonghai Confucious Temple was built in Yuan dynasty and moved to present site in Wanli of Ming dynasty.
Xiushan mountain historical and cultural park is located in the central and south of Yunnan. It has more than 2000 years history until now. Built on a large scale in the Tang dynasty and experienced Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, seven ancient architectural complexes of grand scale, grand momentum and different styles were formed. Xiushan mountain covers a total area of 1.55 million square meters. There are 250 plaques, couplets, stelas inscribed by scholars in various dynasties.
Tour at Xiushan Mountain Park is available all the year round.
1. By Long-distance Bus
There are non-distance buses from Kunming to Tonghai County. Xiushan Mountain is on the edge of the Tonghai County, after arriving in Tonghai County, you can walk along the south street to Xiushan mountain park. In addition, you can also take train.
Kunming East Bus Station-Tonghai Bus Terminal
Departure Time: 6:58-18:00
Ticket Price: 42 CNY
Distance: 138 Kilometers
Consume Time: About 2.5 hours
2. By Train
Kunming Station-Tonghai Station
Departure Time: 15:41
Ticket Price: 21.5 CNY
Distance: 139 Kilometers
Consume Time: About 2 hours
You can stay at the county seat of Tonghai County because Xiushan Mountain is not far from it.
1. Tonghai Landun Hotel通海兰顿酒店
Address: No.72, Liyue West Road, Xiushan Town, Tonghai County, Yuxi玉溪市通海县秀山镇礼乐西路72号
Tel: 0877-3098888
Starting Price: 114 CNY
2. Tonghai Mingbang Hotel通海名邦大酒店
Address: No.219, Xiushan West Road, Sangyuan Industrial Zone, Tonghai County, Yuxi玉溪市通海县桑园工业区秀山西路219号
Tel: 0877-3058999
Starting Price: 145 CNY
3. Tonghai Diannan Hotel通海滇南大酒店
Address: Liyue West Road, Xiushan Town, Tonghai County, Yuxi玉溪市通海县礼乐西路
Tel: 0877-3078888
Starting Price: 173 CNY
1. Ultraviolet ray there is strong during sunny days, you should bring sun cream, sun glasses, sun hat or other screen products.
2. During the rainy season(Around June to October), the road conditions could be dangerous.
3. Mountain area is prone to natural disasters, so try not to go out in heavy rain.
4. Located on Xiushan mountain in Tonghai County, the temperature difference at Xiushan Mountain park is relatively large. You are supposed take coats to prevent a cold because of the large temperature difference from daytime to night.
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The news was updated on March 22, 2019.
In March, the Lugu Lake shines like a mirror framed in the surrounding mountains. Under the azure sky, waterfowl gather and forage in the wetlands. In the lakeside areas, petals of blooming peach flowers fly as wind blows.
Dubbed as a “Plateau Pearl”, the Lugu Lake is located at the junction area between Sichuan and Yunnan provinces and it is a 4A scenic spot. To protect local environment, 230 lakeside households and businesses have signed letters of responsibility with the management of Lugu Lake Scenic Spot.
According to the document, they shall be responsible for the sanitary works, parking, forestation, maintaining order, supervision over public facilities in the villages.
“Our awareness has been raised on ecological conservation,” said Naka Zhuoma, a local villager. “We all believe that only if we take good care of the Lugu Lake, can the tourism develops sustainably.” Regulations and rules have been also made and put into practice in lakeside villages to protect ecology. The locals are organized into different groups like sanitary engineers and garbage treatment workers.
But the condition was a different one eight years ago. As garbage was piled around the lake and waste water permeated, the ecology of Lugu Lake was threatened. In recent years, local government has taken comprehensive measures to curb environmental pollution. Up to this February, the ecosystem was restored in 8,528 square meters of lakeside areas. And the water quality has been kept at Class I for a long time.
According to Ruan Xuewu, deputy director of Lijiang Lugu Lake Management Bureau, Yunnan province has invested about 1.3 billion yuan in the lake protection. A 45-kilometer-long pipe network has been built round the lake to collect waste water, covering all the lakeside areas in Yunnan. Now 4,000 tons of sewage can be treated per day in the scenic spot.
Meanwhile, Sichuan and Yunnan have made breakthroughs in jointly protecting the Lugu Lake. They issued a joint action plan in this January, which shows the common view of the two provinces in protecting the lake. To keep the water quality at Class I, they have established the four-level joint meeting system, the joint inspection and supervision system on ecology, the water quality analysis and assessment system and the “negative list” management system.
Ruan Xuewu said the ecological conservation is a long-lasting work. As tourism booms in Lugu Lake, they are facing more pressure in eco-protection. According to statistics, about 1.64 million tourists visited the Yunnan part of Lugu Lake last year, a year-on-year increase of 48.91%. Now the local government is planning to build a Mosuo-featured tourist town outside the lake basin to divert the flow of tourists.
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