Why is Lijiang Ancient Town So Special?
The beauty of the Old City is also due to the integrity of geographical nature and harmony. In 30 km northwest to the Old City lies the unconquerable Yulong Snow Mountain of 5,596 m and the relics of glacier in the Quaternary Period. The spring is divided into three branches to flow into the Old City relatively from east, middle and west. The countless small branches are threading among the stone-paved lanes, just as the poem describes “spring crossing around each household forms a poem while flying willow before every household draws a painting”. Many architects give highly praise for it and it has gained such a beautiful name as “Suzhou in Highland” and “Eastern Venice”. A great number of travelers are attracted by the beauty and charm of the Old City and the Snow Mountain, keeping pouring and lingering on their primitive simplicity and quietness. And, now, the Lijiang Old City is being reported as one of China Historical Cultural Cities in the whole world’s cultural heritages. Thus, as a bright pearl of our country, it will be more splendid.
Where is Lijiang Old Town?
Lijiang Old Town is located on Yungui Plateau, at an altitude of 2400 meters. This ancient town is adjacent to Jade Dragon Snow Mountain. It faces Elephant Hill and Jinghong Hill in the north, Lion Hill in the west and farmer land in the southeast.
Distance from other main attractions in Lijiang
- About 5.9 km from Shuhe Ancient Town
- About 16 km from Baisha Mural Painting in Baisha Village
- About 24 km from Former Residence of Joseph Rock in Yuhu Village
- About 25.8 km from Jade Dragon Snow Mountain
For the location of Lijiang Old Town, it is good to spend half day wandering and exploring in the old town. To get out of Lijiang Old Town, you can use our private service with private guide and car for visiting Shuhe Ancient Town, Baisha Mural Painting and Former Residence of Joseph Rock for half day tour.
How to get to Lijiang Old Town
From Kunming
By Bus:
| Departure Time | Ticket Price | Duration | |
| West Bus Station | 09:30 – 21:00 | CNY 184 / CNY 202 / CNY 217 | 8 hours |
By Train: Kunming Train Schedule
Take fast trains from Kunming Railway Station. It takes around 7 to 10 hours. Then change bus no. 16 to get off at Qixing Street Station, or bus no. 18 to White Dragon Square Station. It costs around CNY 40 by taxi.
By Air: Kunming Flight Schedule
Take plane from Changshui Airport. It takes around 40mins. Upon arrival, visitors can take airport shuttle bus to reach Lantian Hotel in the downtown area. Bus fare is around CNY 20. It takes around 30 minutes. Then they can walk around 1 kilometer (1,100 yards) to reach there. Or they can take bus no. 27 and get off at Zhongyi Guangchang. If taking a taxi from Lijiang Airport, taxi fare should be around CNY 80 to 100.
From Dali
By Bus:
Take bus from Tourist Bus Station near the South Gate of Dali Ancient Town, Dali North Bus Station or Dali Express Bus Station to Lijiang Bus Station in the Lijiang Old Town.
By Train:
Take fast trains from Dali Railway Station. Train ticket prices are CNY 34 for a hard seat, CNY 69.5 for a hard sleeper and CNY 104. 5 for a soft sleeper. It takes around 1.5 to 2.5 hours. After arriving, use local public bus to reach the old town.
History & Culture
The Old City was firstly built at the very beginning of Yuan Dynasty when the first emperor of Yuan Dynasty, Hu Bilei led his army to be on a southern expedition to Dali and reached Lijiang crossing the Jingsha Rive by the leather bags. And the Old City with a long history of eight or night hundred years can be traced back to South Song Dynasty when it had a certain scale. Since Ming Dynasty, the Old City has been named “Da Yan Xiang” because it is located at the center of Lijiang plain, surrounded by green mountains and threaded with the green rivers, just like a jasper ink slab.
Ruled by Mu Ancestors:
In 1254, Mu ancestors in Lijiang area submitted to the leadership of Hu Bilei, the first emperor of Yuan Dynasty. Then it set up San Dan Administrative official under the submission of Cha Han Zhang administrative official. In 1276, it was switched to Lijiang Administrative Prefecture. In 1382, it set up Lijiang Military Prefecture when the former magistrate of the prefecture Ajia Ade was granted the surname as Mu and the rank as the magistrate of the prefecture of Ming Dynasty in hereditary system by the first emperor of Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang. The Old City of Lijiang and the buildings of Military prefecture (The buildings of Mu ancestors) are a symbol of politics, economy and power of the Mu’s family with a distinctive style and imposing manner. The famous traveler in Ming Dynasty, Xu Xiake ever recorded it as “The magnificence of the palace can be compared with the emperor”, and “the people’s residence is scaled closely side by side” when he was passing here, which just truly reflects the prosperity and splendor of the Old City.
What are the features of Lijiang Ancient Town?
An Old Town without Wall:
When visitors walk into Lijiang Old Town, they may find that there is no city wall around it. The reason is related to an interesting story. Lijiang had been ruled by the Hereditary Mu family for more than 500 years. The Chinese character “Mu”(represents the governor of Lijiang) is put into a frame(represents the city wall), “Mu” may change to the character “Kun” that meas “siege” or “predicament”. For a fear that the governor Mu family would be trapped into predicament, the old town never has a city wall.
Architectural Style:
The building history of the Lijiang nationality has experienced from the ancient residence in caves, trees and wood plates houses with courtyard to its own residence model as “three houses with one screen hall facing the gate” and “quadrangle and quin-courtyard with lofts”. The plain of the residence is characterized as the combination of central courtyard and inwards houses. The outer railings (Xia Zi) is also a main part of the residence.
Naxi Nationality & Dongba Culture:
The Naxi nationality keeps absorbing from the outer culture. Lijiang located at the southern Silk Road and the road of tea and horse trade, is the trade distributing center of Yunnan and Xizang province in ancient times. The culture is continuously influenced by the outer factors ranging from inner land culture such as Buddhism, Taoism since the Hu Bilei military forces stationing in 1253 to the later Christianism at the beginning of the 20th century. The culture, while absorbing others, improves itself with its original Dongba Church, Dongba sutra, Dongba pictograph, Dongba paintings and the ancient music known as the heritages from Yuan Dynasty. In the way of incorporating everything of different nature, the Naxi culture really enriches the mystery and connotation of the Lijiang Old City.
Main Attractions in Lijiang Old Town
Ticket: 60 Yuan per person
Open Hours:09:00~17:00
Mu’ Residence is a splendid ancient architecture first built in Yuan Dynasty, which not only reflects ancient architectural style in central plains of Ming Dynasty but also remains the lingering charm of Tang and Song Dynasty. Mu’s Residence was called the miniature Forbidden City. Looked from a far distance, it likes a grand imperial palace and it is famous for the grandness and architectural buildings.
Ticket: 50 Yuan per person
Open Hours: 07:00~20:00
Located on the top of Lion Hill, Wangu Tower is 32.8 meters in height with 123,000 dragon head of Naxi style on the top, which ranks the world’s greatest. Standing on the top of the tower, you can hace panoramic view of the whole Lijiang Old Town and rivers to the east, the Jade Dragon Snow Mountain to the north and Naxi villages to the south, which is magnificent.
Recommended Visiting Route
Travelers can visit Lijiang Old Town through the South Gate, on the way, you’ll pay visit to Mu’s Residence, Lion Hill and Wangu Tower and wander through the old streets and lanes to enjoy leisure feel of the old town. This may take you half day to explore.
Spend another 2 hours to the north of Lijiang Old Town by visiting Black Dragon Pool Park and Dongba Culture Museum. If time permits, you can enter Lijiang Old Town through Black Dragon Pool Park and see the symbol of the town – Large Water Wheels and walk straight to Sifang Square to enjoy the evening performance held by the Naxi people.
1 Day Lashihai Lake Boat Cruise and Horse Riding Tour along the Ancient Tea Horse Road
2 Days Lijiang Jade Dragon Snow Mountain and Baoshan Stone Town Tour
Recommended Accommodation
1.Inter Continental Lijiang Ancient Town Resort(丽江和府洲际度假酒店)
Located in the southern of Lijiang Old Town, the InterContinental Lijiang Ancient Town Resort is the international five-star conference and resort which combines modern luxury, traditional Naxi architectural, and the local representative landscape. Hotel has 274 spacious rooms and suites, 4 restaurants and bars, Spa and Fitness center. It is a 10-minute walk from Sifangjie (Market Square), a 30-minute drive from Lijiang Airport.
2.Hotel Indigo Lijiang Ancient Town(丽江古城英迪格酒店)
Hotel Indigo Lijiang Ancient Town is located in Lijiang Ancient Town. It features a wellness center, an indoor pool and a fitness center. The luxurious rooms offer free wired internet. At Hotel Indigo Lijiang Ancient Town you will find a la carte restaurant and buffet restaurant. Breakfast can be served in the comforts of guests’ rooms.
3.Lijiang Wangfu Hotel(丽江王府饭店)
Lijiang Wangfu Hotel is located in the South Gate Square in Old Town. Featuring colorful traditional Chinese architecture and décor, it offers rooms with flat-screen TVs and free internet. Guest can enjoy Naxi bonfire party every Friday. The hotel provides car rental and concierge services. A tour desk can help with travel and sightseeing arrangements.
4.Manty House(漫庭美宿酒店)
Situated in Lijiang, this inn is within a 15-minute walk of Mu Family Mansion, Dayan and Wang Gu Lou. It features a restaurant, a bar/lounge and coffee/tea in a common area. WiFi in public areas is free. Other amenities include dry cleaning, a 24-hour front desk and tour/ticket assistance.
5.Lijiang International Hotel(丽江国际大酒店)
Lijiang International Hotel is located in Lijiang, 400 m from Wangu Pavilion and 600 m from Square Street Dayan Ancient Town. Guests can enjoy the on-site bar. Every room at this hotel is air conditioned and is fitted with a flat-screen TV with satellite channels. You will find a coffee machine in the room. For your comfort, you will find bathrobes and slippers.
Useful Tips
1. About Maintenance Fee
When visiting some places in Lijiang, travelers should show the staff the Maintenance tickets. Those places include Lijiang Old Town, Wangu Tower, Mu’s Residence, Shuhe Old Town, Baisha Mural Painting, Black Dragon Pool Park, Jade Dragon Snow Mountain, etc. This ticket is valid for a week when you are in Lijiang.
2. Evening Show – “Naxi Ancient Music”
Show Time: 20:00~21:30
Place: Naxi Concert Hall
Naxi Ancient Music is known as a “living fossil of Chinese music”. According to research, this ancient music originated in the 14th century. It originally included three parts, ‘Baisha Fine Music’ (Baisha Xiyue), ‘Dongjing Music’ (Dongjing Yinyue), and ‘Huangjing Music’ (Huangjing Yinyue), however, the last one has long been lost in the river of time. To know more about Naxi, you can spend one night enjoying Naxi ancient music.
3. Naxi Festivals held in Lijiang Old Town
Bangbang Festival: January 15 on lunar calendar
Sanduo Festival: February 8 on lunar calendar
Torch Festival: June 25 to June 27 on lunar calendar
July Festival: middle July on lunar calendar
4. Specialty in Lijiang Old Town
In Lijiang Old Town, travelers can taste the local Naxi snacks, like Salad of Jidou Pea Jelly, Lijiang Baba, Mabu, Preserved Fruit, Buttered Tea, Er Kuai, December Ribs, Naxi Copper Pot, etc.
5. What to Pack
Travel light when strolling in the old town. Bring a camera with you that you can take photos along the way. Sunlight is very strong in Lijiang, wear sun protection such as hats, sunglasses and use sun block, etc.
6. Photography Tips
To shoot some amazing photos of Lijiang Old Town, photographers should not miss Sifang Square, Stone Archway, Five-Phoenix Tower, Naxi architecture and Naxi Ancient Music performance. It is better shoot in the early morning and late afternoon.
The Location Map of Lijiang Old Town
China-Vietnam Expressway, which is the longest in Vietnam, stretches from Hanoi’s Noi Bai through the provinces of Vinh Phuc, Phu Tho, and Yen Bai finally ending in Lao Cai. Now that the road is open to traffic, the travel time between Hanoi and Lao Cai has been cut in half.
The construction on the expressway began in 2009 and required a total investment of US$1.46 billion, including a US$1 billion loan from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) – the project was one of the ADB’s key projects in the Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) program.
China-Laos expressway is co-developed by China Yunnan Construction and Investment Holding Group (YCIH) Co., Ltd. and the Lao Ministry of Planning and Investment. The under-construction Vientiane to Vangvieng section stretches 109.1 kilometers and will save the tour from Vientiane to Vangvieng from 4 hours to 1.5 hours on drive.
Important Stage of China-Laos Expressway
China-Laos expressway framework agreement inked
China Yunnan Construction and Investment Holding Group (YCIH) and the Lao Ministry of Planning and Investment have signed a cooperation framework agreement for the China-Laos expressway in Lao capital Vientiane.
According to the agreement, both parties will adhere to the principles of mutual benefit and win-win, joint development, and commercial operation with governments’ support, to cooperatively develop China-Laos expressway project. Both parties will jointly invest in the project’s construction by stages on basis of “BOT” (Build-Operate-Transfer).
The under-construction Vientiane to Vang Vieng expressway stretches 109.1 km, and will cost around 1.3 billion U.S. dollars. The four-lane highway will save the tour from Vientiane to Vang Vieng for 2.5 hours after completion, with only 1.5 hours drive. China-Laos expressway project will strengthen the bilateral exchange and cooperation in the fields of economy, trade, culture, education and health, promote development of agriculture, industry, commerce, investment, travel sector and increase job opportunities for the Lao people in northern and central regions of the country, thus providing impetus for the country’s green and sustainable development.
The news was updated on September 29, 2019.
Tile cats, known as “wamao” in Mandarin, are traditional clay roof ridge beasts prevailing in northwest Yunnan’s Dali area. The Bai people who dominate the local ethnic population, for long, believe that they are auspicious items which can bring households with enduring safeguard and wealth. Recently, these gargoyle-like statuettes have been made into souvenirs by Su Longxiang, a native-born clay sculptor, and enormous popularity has been gained among tourists ever since.
As a regional variation of many mythical ridge beasts that can be found across China, they – normally crouching on rooftops of those white folk houses typical in Dali – are characterized particularly by their round and staring eyes as well as huge and opening months. Despite of being regarded as a symbol of good luck, tile cats have gradually faded out from the public sight, for the dramatic urban renewal and transformation undergone in recent years. This is why Su determined to turn these seemingly outdated and sometimes even formidable objects into creative cultural products.
Born in Fengyi township of the Dali autonomous prefecture of the Bai minority, Su took over the job of making clay sculptures from his grandpa at a surprising age: 10. And now, he is recognized by the province as an inheritor of intangible cultural heritage.
Tile cat is definitely not a simple artifact to make. To begin with, wet clay has to be blended with some amount of sand to increase its viscosity. This could effectively prevent clay from being cracked in the oven later, and thus is considered an ideal method to make tile cats. Then, Su would take a big lump of clay and press it with palms and fingers until it gets completely flat – as the base for a statuette. Once this is done, the sculptor is able to work carefully on the limbs, eyes, mouth and other details of the cat. A quality and elegant tile cat is marked by the materials being employed, as well as its shape and style created by artist.
Now, Su’s works – all themed elements of tile cat – range from pen containers to tea sets, from incense burners to dolls. These artifacts drew considerable attention on the 2019 Creative Yunnan Culture Industries Expo being held in early August. “My pavilion was always surrounded by crowds during the expo, and I was totally impressed and encouraged by this,” said Su Longxiang. “Tile cats are not simply guardians for the Dai people’s courtyards; they can be accepted and loved by many more.”
Source from http://english.yunnan.cn/html/2019/craft_0929/17844.html
Lijiang（丽江） to Shangri-la（香格里拉） expressway is a planned Expressway in Yunnan Province, which connects Lijiang （丽江）City and Shangri La （香格里拉）County, and it is an important golden tourism line. The total length is 140.305 km, including 124.55 km of the main line and 15.755 km of the connecting line. There are 15 control projects in the whole line, including the Tiger Leaping Gorge(虎跳峡） Jinsha river（金沙江） super large bridge, five continuous steel bridges, eight tunnels and Underground Interchange Project in Tiger Leaping Gorge(虎跳峡）.
- Chinese Name: 丽香高速公路
- English Name:Lijiang-Shangrila Express Way
- Start from: Lingjiang city(丽江市）
- Terminal: Xiangri-la, Diqing prefecture(迪庆州香格里拉）
- Length: Principal line 124.55 kilometers, Connecting line 15.755 kilometers.
- Width: twin four- lane
- Planed running tine: December of 2019
Construction Lijiang to Shangri-la Expressway
About 187 km highway mileage and about 3 hours drive from Lijiang to Shangri-la. Lijiang to Shangri-la expressway including 260m high,766m span Jinshajiang expressway bridge Hutiaoxia,with more than a dozen high beam bridges,two of them higher than 200 meters,one has 180m tall pier.
Since the formal construction in July last year, nearly 8,000 people have been involved in the construction of the whole line, which is scheduled to be completed and opened to traffic in December 2019.
Bus Information from Lijiang to Shangri-la
There are a total of 15 buses every day from 7:00 to 17:00 a day. There is direct bus going to Shangri-la county in Ljiang bus station, and in Lijiang express bus terminal and new passenger station there are many buses to go to Shangri-la, 4 hours’ drive, fares around 72 Yuan. During the off-season you do not need to pre-buying, but during the peak season you need to pre-buy the bus ticket ahead of a day or two days earlier.
Expressway Bus
Shangri-la long-distance bus station is located in the middle of Changzheng roa, there are buses sent to major cities in Yunnan province, Diqing prefecture and other areas. Because distance between Shangri-la and every scenic spot is long, and the bus time will have changed, so before going to the scenic spot, be sure to ask the local station of the traffic conditions, including if there is any bus and is the road in good condition, etc.
It takes about 4 hours from Lijiang to Shangri-la by express bus, and it is safe compared to other bus. And from Shangri-la to Deqin (Meili Snow Mountain) it takes eight hours by bus, and there are three buses a day; or chartering Toyota Suv, six hours in all, which is convenient for parking at any time to take pictures.
Wonderful Scenery along Lijiang – Shangrila Expressway
The First Bend of Yangtze River
Jade Dragon Snow Mountain
Tiger Leaping Gorge
Haba Snow Mountain
Xiaozhongdian Grassland
Napahai Lake
Transportation in Yunnan:
- Airlines in Yunnan
- Flights to Yunnan
- Airport Transfer
- International Flights to Yunnan
- Airports in Yunnan
Shangri-La Railway Station introduces the location, profile, maps, travel tips, normal trains and high speed trains schedule, train tickets booking, transportation, layout, facilities and service, travel guide of Shangri-La Railway Station. Located in Jiantang town of Shangri-La city, Shangri-La Railway Station is the terminus of Lixiang railway(Lijiang-Shangrila Railway) under construction and the intermediate station of Yunnan-Tibet railway under planning. It will be put into use together with Lixiang railway in 2020.
Station Name (EN): Shangri-La Railway Station
Station Name(CN): 香格里拉火车站/Xianggelila Huochezhan
Address(EN): Shini Village, Jiantang Town, Shangri-La City, Diqing, Yunnan
Address(CN): 云南省香格里拉市建塘镇尼史村
The meaning of the construction Shangri La Railway Station
The construction of Li Xiang railway is a great benefit to the railway industry. There are abundant mineral resources and tourism resources along the railway. It is the inhabited area of Tibetan, Naxi, Yi and Lisu nationalities. The minority population accounts for one third of the total population along the railway. After the completion of Li Xiang railway, it will link up with the existing Kunming to Lijiang railway and link Yunnan tourist attractions Dali, Lijiang and Shangri-La to promote the development of tourism economy and society along the line. At the same time, it will be linked to the whole country and even Southeast Asia and South Asia.
- Airlines in Yunnan
- Flights to Yunnan
- Airport Transfer
- International Flights to Yunnan
- Airports in Yunnan
- High-speed Rail in Yunnan
- Railway Stations in Yunnan
- Railways in Yunnan
- Trains to Yunnan
- Trans Asia Railway
- Metro in Yunnan
- Bridges in Yunnan
- Freeways in Yunnan
- Highways in Yunnan
- Roads to Yunnan
- Trans-Asia Roads
- National Roads in Yunnan
The “2022 Yunnan Top 100 Enterprises Press Conference” held in Kunming provided comprehensive insights into the economic landscape of Yunnan Province. Here are some key highlights from the event:
- Top 100 Yunnan Enterprises:
- Criteria: The ranking is based on the operating income of enterprises in 2021, with a minimum threshold of 1.121 billion yuan.
- Dominance of State-Owned Enterprises: Among the top 100 enterprises, 41 are state-owned, reflecting their significant role in the provincial economy.
- Total Operating Income: State-owned enterprises collectively generated 1.21 trillion yuan in revenue, nearly five times that of private enterprises.
- Tax Contributions: State-owned enterprises also contributed significantly to tax payments, totaling 44.393 billion yuan, four times the amount contributed by private enterprises.
- Regional Distribution:
- Kunming’s Dominance: Kunming, as the provincial capital, led with 63 enterprises in the top 100 list.
- Other Prefectures: Qujing had 11 enterprises, Yuxi had 10, Honghe Prefecture had 5, and Chuxiong Prefecture had 4, highlighting the regional economic strengths.
- Industry Representation:
- Diverse Sectors: The top 100 enterprises span various industries including agriculture, industry, and services.
- Manufacturing vs. Service: The list also distinguished between the top 50 manufacturing enterprises and the top 50 service enterprises in Yunnan.
- Research and Development (R&D):
- Investment: Top companies invested a total of 11.79 billion yuan in R&D, representing 41.83% of the province’s R&D funds.
- Patents: 78% of the companies hold patents, with some companies holding more than 1,000 patents.
- Employment Impact:
- Workforce: The top 100 enterprises employ a total of 504,700 people, showcasing their significant role in local employment.
- Size and Scale:
- Revenue Ranges: 27 enterprises reported operating revenues exceeding 10 billion yuan, while others ranged between 1-10 billion yuan.
- Revenue Ranges: 27 enterprises reported operating revenues exceeding 10 billion yuan, while others ranged between 1-10 billion yuan.
This annual release not only highlights the economic contributions of Yunnan’s largest enterprises but also provides insights into regional economic development and industrial structure adjustments.
| 排名 | 企业名称 | English Name | 地区 | 营业收入 | 所属行业 |
| 1 | 中国烟草总公司云南省公司 | 昆明 | 1099.29亿 | ||
| 2 | 红塔烟草（集团）有限责任公司 | 玉溪 | 904.28亿 | ||
| 3 | 红云红河烟草（集团）有限责任公司 | 昆明 | 889.76亿 | ||
| 4 | 云南省建设投资控股集团有限公司 | 昆明 | 820.93亿 | ||
| 5 | 昆明钢铁控股有限公司 | 昆明 | 808.20亿 | ||
| 6 | 云南电网有限责任公司 | 昆明 | 705.95亿 | ||
| 7 | 云南省投资控股集团有限公司 | 昆明 | 698.31亿 | ||
| 8 | 云南铜业（集团）有限公司 | 昆明 | 691.71亿 | ||
| 9 | 云天化集团有限责任公司 | 昆明 | 619.82亿 | ||
| 10 | 云南能投物流有限责任公司 | 昆明 | 478.69亿 | ||
| 11 | 云南锡业集团（控股）有限责任公司 | 红河 | 471.62亿 | ||
| 12 | 中国石化销售有限公司云南石油分公司 | 昆明 | 391.24亿 | ||
| 13 | 云南冶金集团股份有限公司 | 昆明 | 348.53亿 | ||
| 14 | 云南公投建设集团有限公司 | 昆明 | 256.33亿 | ||
| 15 | 中国移动通信集团云南有限公司 | 昆明 | 230.77亿 | ||
| 16 | 俊发地产有限责任公司 | 昆明 | 228.78亿 | ||
| 17 | 云南白药控股有限公司 | 昆明 | 226.14亿 | ||
| 18 | 云南力帆骏马车俩有限公司 | 大理 | 185.17亿 | ||
| 19 | 昆明铁路局 | 昆明 | 158.64亿 | ||
| 20 | 云南农垦集团有限责任公司 | 昆明 | 154.85亿 | ||
| 21 | 云南物流产业集团有限公司 | 昆明 | 134.35亿 | ||
| 22 | 云南公投物资（集团）有限公司 | 昆明 | 128.11亿 | ||
| 23 | 云南黄金矿业集团股份有限公司 | 昆明 | 124.51亿 | ||
| 24 | 云南云岭高速公路建设集团有限公司 | 昆明 | 121.18亿 | ||
| 25 | 华能澜沧江水电股份有限公司 | 昆明 | 115.52亿 | ||
| 26 | 中国电信股份有限公司云南分公司 | 昆明 | 75.90亿 | ||
| 27 | 云南玉溪仙福钢铁（集团）有限公司 | 玉溪 | 70.55亿 | ||
| 28 | 云南省工业投资控股集团有限责任公司 | 昆明 | 65.03亿 | ||
| 29 | 云南玉溪玉昆钢铁集团有限公司 | 玉溪 | 64.44亿 | ||
| 30 | 云南鲲鹏农产品电子商务批发市场有限公司 | 昆明 | 63.25亿 | ||
| 31 | 云南鸿翔一心堂药业（集团）股份有限公司 | 昆明 | 62.49亿 | ||
| 32 | 云南出版集团有限责任公司 | 昆明 | 60.23亿 | ||
| 33 | 云南祥丰实业集团有限公司 | 昆明 | 60.16亿 | ||
| 34 | 云南南磷集团股份有限公司 | 昆明 | 57.07亿 | ||
| 35 | 云南曲靖呈钢钢铁（集团）有限公司 | 曲靖 | 55.02亿 | ||
| 36 | 德宏后谷咖啡有限公司 | 德宏 | 50.78亿 | ||
| 37 | 富滇银行股份有限公司 | 昆明 | 47.66亿 | ||
| 38 | 中国葛洲坝集团第六工程有限公司 | 昆明 | 46.61亿 | ||
| 39 | 云南云内动力集团有限公司 | 昆明 | 46.40亿 | ||
| 40 | 华电云南发电有限公司 | 昆明 | 44.18亿 | ||
| 41 | 云南景成集团有限公司 | 德宏 | 44.09亿 | ||
| 42 | 云南德胜钢铁有限公司 | 楚雄 | 39.57亿 | ||
| 43 | 云南英茂集团有限公司 | 昆明 | 38.87亿 | ||
| 44 | 昆明产业开发投资有限责任公司 | 昆明 | 37.96亿 | ||
| 45 | 中国铁建高新装备股份有限公司 | 昆明 | 36.17亿 | ||
| 46 | 中铁八局集团昆明铁路建设有限公司 | 昆明 | 34.18亿 | ||
| 47 | 云南东骏药业有限公司 | 昆明 | 34.17亿 | ||
| 48 | 云南云铝泽鑫铝业有限公司 | 曲靖 | 32.56亿 | ||
| 49 | 云南英茂糖业（集团）有限公司 | 昆明 | 31.91亿 | ||
| 50 | 贵研铂业股份有限公司 | 昆明 | 31.74亿 | ||
| 51 | 云南三鑫集团有限公司 | 文山 | 31亿 | ||
| 52 | 云南昊龙实业集团有限公司 | 昭通 | 30.40亿 | ||
| 53 | 昆明船舶设备集团有限公司 | 昆明 | 29.07亿 | ||
| 54 | 临沧南华糖业有限公司 | 临沧 | 28亿 | ||
| 55 | 云南富源德鑫集团有限公司 | 曲靖 | 27.35亿 | ||
| 56 | 云南路桥股份有限公司 | 昆明 | 27.24亿 | ||
| 57 | 西双版纳景阳橡胶有限责任公司 | 西双版纳 | 25.40亿 | ||
| 58 | 云南健之佳健康连锁店股份有限公司 | 昆明 | 25亿 | ||
| 59 | 云南世博旅游控股集团有限公司 | 昆明 | 24.09亿 | ||
| 60 | 云南水务投资股份有限公司 | 昆明 | 22.42亿 | ||
| 61 | 云南南天电子信息产业股份有限公司 | 昆明 | 21.58亿 | ||
| 62 | 云南乘风有色金属股份有限公司 | 红河 | 20.83亿 | ||
| 63 | 云南玉溪百信商贸集团有限公司 | 玉溪 | 19.66亿 | ||
| 64 | 云南省凤庆糖业集团有限责任公司 | 临沧 | 19.53亿 | ||
| 65 | 云南大同建筑集团有限公司 | 文山 | 19.33亿 | ||
| 66 | 昆明聚仁兴橡胶有限公司 | 昆明 | 19.13亿 | ||
| 67 | 云南强林石化集团有限公司 | 昆明 | 18.77亿 | ||
| 68 | 西双版纳南博责任有限公司 | 西双版纳 | 18.76亿 | ||
| 69 | 昆明明超电缆有限公司 | 昆明 | 18.65亿 | ||
| 70 | 大理佳利集团 | 大理 | 18.51亿 | ||
| 71 | 蒙自矿冶有限责任公司 | 红河 | 18.39亿 | ||
| 72 | 云南金鼎锌业有限公司 | 怒江 | 18.20亿 | ||
| 73 | 理想科技集团有限公司 | 昆明 | 18.01亿 | ||
| 74 | 云南第二公路桥梁工程有限公司 | 昆明 | 17.73亿 | ||
| 75 | 云南金格百货集团有限公司 | 昆明 | 16.81亿 | ||
| 76 | 云南滇雪粮油有限公司 | 玉溪 | 16.79亿 | ||
| 77 | 云南省活发集团 | 玉溪 | 16.71亿 | ||
| 78 | 云南祥云飞龙再生科技股份有限公司 | 大理 | 16.41亿 | ||
| 79 | 云南建丰建筑工程有限公司 | 昆明 | 16.05亿 | ||
| 80 | 广发银行股份有限公司昆明分行 | 昆明 | 15.73亿 | ||
| 81 | 云南同丰医药有限公司 | 昆明 | 15.51亿 | ||
| 82 | 昆明自来水集团有限公司 | 昆明 | 15.37亿 | ||
| 83 | 金安桥水电站有限公司 | 丽江 | 15.17亿 | ||
| 84 | 云南旅游股份有限公司 | 昆明 | 14.60亿 | ||
| 85 | 红河凯立特科技有限公司 | 红河 | 14.47亿 | ||
| 86 | 云南澜沧江酒业集团有限公司 | 临沧 | 13.82亿 | ||
| 87 | 云南省小龙潭矿务局 | 红河 | 13.46亿 | ||
| 88 | 云南云岭高速公路交通科技有限公司 | 昆明 | 13.42亿 | ||
| 89 | 昆明积大制药股份有限公司 | 昆明 | 12.37 | ||
| 90 | 云南大地创业投资（集团）有限公司 | 普洱 | 12.26亿 | ||
| 91 | 云南龙润茶业集团有限公司 | 临沧 | 12.10亿 | ||
| 92 | 瑞丽航空有限公司 | 昆明 | 12.08亿 | ||
| 93 | 云南金丰汇油脂股份有限公司 | 昆明 | 11.94亿 | ||
| 94 | 云南金孔雀交通运输集团有限公司 | 普洱 | 11.93亿 | ||
| 95 | 云南创新新材料股份有限公司 | 玉溪 | 11.46亿 | ||
| 96 | 云南红塔银行股份有限公司 | 玉溪 | 11.41亿 | ||
| 97 | 昆明电缆集团股份有限公司 | 昆明 | 11.24亿 | ||
| 98 | 云南齐星建工集团有限公司 | 红河 | 11.08亿 | ||
| 99 | 云南振兴实业集团有限责任公司 | 红河 | 10.83亿 | ||
| 100 | 楚雄德胜煤化工有限公司 | 楚雄 | 10.56亿 |
Yunnan Dianhong Black Tea Group is a renowned producer of Dianhong black tea, a distinctive and highly regarded black tea from Yunnan Province, China. The group has established a reputation for quality and innovation, and its qualifications are a testament to its commitment to excellence in tea production. Here are some key qualifications and achievements that highlight the group’s credentials:
- Historical Significance:
- Established Legacy: The Yunnan Dianhong Black Tea Group has a rich history dating back to the 1930s when Dianhong black tea was first developed. The group’s deep-rooted expertise and historical significance in the region contribute to its authoritative status in the tea industry.
- Quality Certifications:
- ISO Certifications: The group holds various ISO certifications, including ISO 9001 for quality management systems and ISO 22000 for food safety management. These certifications ensure that the group’s production processes meet international standards for quality and safety.
- Organic Certification: Many of the tea gardens managed by the group are certified organic, adhering to strict organic farming practices that avoid synthetic chemicals and promote sustainable agriculture.
- National and International Awards:
- Tea Competitions: Yunnan Dianhong Black Tea Group has won numerous awards at national and international tea competitions, reflecting the high quality and exceptional taste of their products. These awards enhance the group’s reputation and credibility in the global market.
- Geographical Indication (GI) Protection: Dianhong black tea has received GI protection, indicating that it possesses qualities and a reputation attributable to its geographical origin. This status helps preserve the unique characteristics and heritage of the tea.
- Research and Development:
- Innovative Practices: The group invests in research and development to continually improve cultivation, processing, and packaging methods. Their focus on innovation helps maintain the high standards of Dianhong black tea and adapt to changing market demands.
- Collaboration with Institutions: Yunnan Dianhong Black Tea Group collaborates with academic and research institutions to study tea cultivation and processing techniques, ensuring they remain at the forefront of scientific advancements in tea production.
- Sustainability and Social Responsibility:
- Sustainable Farming Practices: The group is committed to sustainable agriculture, implementing eco-friendly practices that protect the environment and preserve biodiversity. This includes maintaining soil health, conserving water, and promoting the well-being of tea workers.
- Community Support: Yunnan Dianhong Black Tea Group engages in social responsibility initiatives, supporting local communities through education, healthcare, and infrastructure development. Their efforts contribute to the overall socio-economic development of the region.
- Market Presence:
- Global Reach: The group’s products are exported to many countries around the world, including major markets in Europe, North America, and Asia. Their international presence underscores the global appeal and recognition of Dianhong black tea.
- Brand Recognition: Yunnan Dianhong Black Tea Group has developed a strong brand presence, known for its premium quality teas. The group’s branding efforts emphasize the unique flavor profiles and cultural heritage of Dianhong black tea.
Conclusion
The Yunnan Dianhong Black Tea Group’s qualifications are built on a foundation of historical significance, rigorous quality standards, continuous innovation, sustainability, and social responsibility. These attributes make the group a leader in the production of Dianhong black tea, respected both domestically and internationally. Their commitment to excellence ensures that Dianhong black tea continues to be a cherished and sought-after product worldwide.
The oddity “Automobiles move in the clouds” (汽车跑在云天外) likely refers to the mountainous terrain of Yunnan, where roads often wind through misty and cloud-covered landscapes. This picturesque scene creates an illusion that cars are driving through clouds, especially in areas where fog and mist descend onto the roads. It reflects both the natural beauty and the challenging driving conditions sometimes encountered in Yunnan’s high-altitude regions.
One of the unique cultural traits of Yunnan, often included in the list of the “Eighteen Oddities of Yunnan,” is that “children are raised by men” (娃娃出门男人带). This practice, viewed as a role reversal from the perspective of the Han Chinese majority, actually reflects a deeper cultural understanding of gender equality and the practical necessities of life in Yunnan.
Practical Reasons and Cultural Context
In the mountainous terrain of Yunnan, where the landscape can be steep and treacherous, it is considered safer and more reliable for men to carry children. Yunnan men, though generally not as large as those from northern China, are known for their agility and strength, making them well-suited for navigating difficult paths while ensuring the safety of their children.
Additionally, Yunnan’s women have a long-standing reputation for being hardworking and independent. Many women prefer not to stay at home as full-time housewives but engage in various labor-intensive activities. This division of labor allows men to take on the role of child-rearing, especially in public settings.
Historical and Ethnographic Insights
Yunnan is home to many ethnic minorities, each with its own traditions and customs that might seem unusual to outsiders. The practice of men taking care of children is not just a quirk but a reflection of the region’s gender dynamics and social structure.
For instance, in the Dai ethnic group, the custom of “women marrying men” (女娶男嫁) implies a system where women manage external affairs while men handle domestic responsibilities, including child-rearing. This matrilocal practice naturally leads to men taking on a more prominent role in raising children.
The concept of men raising children is also reinforced by the independence and labor orientation of Yunnan women. This cultural norm emphasizes mutual respect and shared responsibilities between genders.
Traditional Marital Customs
Yunnan’s ethnic minorities often have vibrant and diverse matrimonial traditions. For example:
- The Miao have the “Youfang” custom, where young men and women sing songs to express their feelings and choose partners based on mutual attraction.
- The Yao celebrate “Singing of Romantic Songs” to find potential mates.
- The Lahu, Hani, and Bai engage in singing contests to select spouses.
These customs highlight the freedom and autonomy in romantic and marital choices, contributing to the overall gender dynamics where men are more involved in child-rearing.
Unique Marriages and Family Structures
Ethnic minorities in Yunnan often practice flexible family structures that challenge traditional Han Chinese norms. For example:
- The Hani have a marriage system called “Three Years Come, Three Years Go,” where the living arrangements and surnames of children can be negotiated based on family needs.
- In some cases, men may join the wife’s family and adopt her surname if she lacks brothers, and vice versa.
Such practices illustrate a pragmatic approach to family life, emphasizing cooperation and adaptability over rigid gender roles.
Respect for Elders and Flexible Family Units
In Yunnan, respecting elders and maintaining flexible family units are fundamental values. Unlike the Han Chinese proverb “married daughters are like spilled water,” ethnic minorities in Yunnan often have arrangements where family roles are more fluid, ensuring that both men and women can contribute to child-rearing and household responsibilities.
Overall, the custom of men raising children in Yunnan is deeply rooted in the region’s geography, cultural values, and social practices, reflecting a unique approach to gender equality and family life.
One of the most intriguing cultural traits of Yunnan, as part of the “Eighteen Oddities of Yunnan,” is that “monks can have love affairs” (和尚可以谈恋爱). This seemingly paradoxical practice is influenced by the region’s proximity to Southeast Asian countries, many of which have unique Buddhist traditions.
Cultural Context and Influences
Yunnan borders several Southeast Asian countries that practice Buddhism, such as Thailand, Myanmar, and Laos. In these countries, it is common for men to spend a period in a monastery as monks, similar to how people elsewhere might attend school or serve in the military. This temporary monastic life is part of a cultural and spiritual journey, after which individuals can choose to disrobe, marry, and start families.
This practice has influenced the border regions of Yunnan, where it is not unusual to see men in monk robes engaging in courtship. Unlike the permanent monastic vows in other forms of Buddhism, this practice allows for a more flexible approach to monastic life, reflecting a blend of cultural and religious traditions.
Courtship and Marriage in Dai Ethnic Culture
The Dai ethnic group in Yunnan has unique courtship rituals, particularly evident during the months of the lunar calendar, typically around March and April. This period is known as the time for young Dai men and women to seek partners. One of the traditional practices involves the preparation and offering of special dishes, such as yellow-braised chicken, which serves as a medium for expressing romantic interest.
Traditional Courtship Process
In the Dai villages, young women prepare yellow-braised chicken and place it on the streets, waiting for potential suitors. If a young man is interested, he will compliment the dish and inquire if it has been reserved for someone. If the woman is not interested, she might suggest the dish is already reserved, politely indicating her lack of interest. However, if she is interested, she will offer the dish to the young man, initiating a deeper conversation.
The woman hides a small stool under her long skirt, and if she likes the suitor, she will invite him to sit on it, signifying her acceptance. They might then move to a more private area, like a bamboo grove, to continue their conversation and develop their relationship further.
Impact of Monastic Practices on Courtship
The practice of temporary monastic life allows young men to experience spiritual growth while still maintaining the freedom to return to secular life. This cultural practice blurs the lines between monastic and secular life, allowing monks to participate in traditional courtship and eventually leave the monastic life to marry.
In Yunnan, this flexibility is visible in the lifestyle of the Dai people and other ethnic groups, where the balance between religious duty and personal life is more fluid. This results in a unique cultural oddity where monks can engage in love affairs and eventually return to lay life without social stigma.
Conclusion
The oddity that “monks can have love affairs” in Yunnan is a testament to the region’s rich cultural tapestry, influenced by neighboring Southeast Asian traditions. It highlights the unique blend of religious practices and social norms that define the lives of the people in this diverse province. The practice showcases a harmonious integration of spiritual and personal lives, contributing to the distinct cultural identity of Yunnan.
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