Fulengia is the name given to a genus of dinosaur from the Early Jurassic. It was a prosauropod or other basal sauropodomorph. Its fossils were found in China. Fulengia is an extinct genus of theropod dinosaur known from Yunnan Province, China.

The type species, Fulengia youngi, was described by Carroll and Galton in 1977. It is a nomen dubium, and may be the same animal as Lufengosaurus (from which it is anagramized). It was originally thought to be a lizard.

Discovery and Location: Fulengia is represented by fossils found in Yunnan Province, specifically in the Lower Lufeng Formation, which dates to the Lower Jurassic period, approximately 200-190 million years ago.

Description:

• Fulengia is classified as a theropod dinosaur, characterized by its bipedal stance, sharp teeth, and likely carnivorous diet.
• The specific characteristics and anatomical details of Fulengia are derived from various fossil specimens found in the Lower Lufeng Formation, providing insights into its size, skeletal structure, and evolutionary adaptations.

Naming and Classification:

• The genus name Fulengia refers to its discovery in the Fuleng coal mine area of Yunnan.
• It belongs to the broader group of theropod dinosaurs, which includes famous members like Tyrannosaurus rex and Velociraptor.

Paleoecology:

• Fulengia lived during the Early Jurassic period, in a region that was characterized by diverse terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
• The Lower Lufeng Formation has yielded a rich fossil record, including various other dinosaurs, plants, and invertebrates, contributing significantly to our understanding of early Mesozoic life on Earth.

Significance:

• Fulengia contributes to our knowledge of theropod evolution and paleobiogeography in Asia during the Early Jurassic, providing valuable data for comparative studies with related dinosaur species worldwide.

Eomamenchisaurus (meaning “dawn Mamenchisaurus“) is a genus of mamenchisaurid sauropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Yuanmou, Yunnan, China. The type species is E. yuanmouensis, described by Lü Junchang et al. in 2008. Eastmanosteus is indeed a genus of extinct Dunkleosteoid placoderm fish belonging to the Arthrodira that lived during the Late Devonian period. It was closely related to the giant Dunkleosteus but differed in size, possessing a distinctive knobby bone ornamentation, a differently shaped nuchal plate, and a more zigzag pattern in the skull roof sutures.

Species of Eastmanosteus had powerful jaws with sharp cutting edges and were likely active predators. Fossils have been found in marine sediments from the Middle to Late Devonian in various parts of the world. They were medium to large fishes, with species like Eastmanosteus pustulosus and Eastmanosteus licharevi reaching lengths of approximately 3 meters. Complete exoskeletons with traces of soft tissues of Eastmanosteus calliaspis from Australia make it one of the best-known Dunkleosteoids.

Eastmanosteus (“Eastman’s bone”) is a fossil genus of dunkleosteid placoderms. It was closely related to the giant Dunkleosteus, but differed from that genus in size, in possessing a distinctive tuberculated bone ornament, a differently shaped nuchal plate and a more zig-zagging course of the sutures of the skull roof.^[1]

Species of Eastmanosteus had powerful jaws with sharp cutting edges and were likely active predators. Fossils have been found in many parts of the world in marine sediments dating from the Middle to Late Devonian. They were medium-to-large fish, with specimens E. pustulosus and E. licharevi approaching a total length of 3 metres. Complete exoskeletons with soft-tissue traces of E. calliaspis from Australia make this one of the best known dunkleosteids.

Species

Eastmanosteus calliaspis Dennis-Bryan 1987

From the Frasnian Gogo Formation of northwestern Western Australia. This is the best known member of the genus with many articulated skulls and trunk armours in museum collections. Evidence of muscle fibres, circulatory structures and nerve tissue have been preserved representing some of the oldest known gnathostome soft tissue.^[3] The largest known skull is 272mm in length suggesting a total body length of roughly 1.5m. It was one of the largest fish in the Gogo assemblage. A reexamination of the family Dunkleosteidae posits the Late Emsian Xiangshuiosteus as E. calliaspis‘ sister taxon, and further implicates that E. calliaspis differs enough from other members of this genus to merit placement with its own genus.

E. licharevi (Obrucheva 1956)

A poorly known species from Russia, originally described from an isolated nuchal plate from the Frasnian of Timman with additional material from the Famennian of Lipetsk.

E. lundarensis Hanke, Stewart and Lammers 1996

A medium-sized species from the Eifelian of south-central Manitoba, Canada. One of the earliest and most completely known members of the genus.

E. magnificus (Hussakof & Bryant 1918)

Based on a single almost complete head shield from the Late Devonian of New York State, USA. Has previously been assigned to Dinichthys and Dunkleosteus.

E. pustulosus (Eastman 1897)

This is the type species and was originally placed in the genus Dinichthys. It was a large and widely distributed form, with fossil material from the Middle-Late Devonian of the USA (Wisconsin, Iowa, Michigan, New York State) and the Frasnian of Poland.

E. yunnanensis (Wang 1982)

Originally assigned to Dunkleosteus. From the Middle Devonian of Yunnan Province, China.

Eastmanosteus species 1 Janvier

An undescribed species based on relatively well preserved material from the Frasnian of Kerman, East Iran.

Other species

Many other species have been included within this genus based on material from Russia, Morocco, and the USA. Most of these are either indeterminate dinichthyids or are now placed in different genera.

Chuxiongosaurus is a genus of basal sauropodomorph dinosaur which lived during the Early Jurassic Period. Fossils of this genus have been found in the Lower Lufeng Formation, Yunnan Province, southern China. Identified from the holotype CMY LT9401 a nearly complete skull (including a lower jaw) with some similarities to Thecodontosaurus, it was described as the “first basal sauropod dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of China,” more basal than Anchisaurus. It was named by Lü Junchang, Yoshitsugu Kobayashi, Li Tianguang and Zhong Shimin in 2010, and the type species is Chuxiongosaurus lufengensis.

Chuanjiesaurus is a genus of sauropod dinosaurs from the middle Jurassic Period. They lived in what is now China. The type species, Chuanjiesaurus anaensis, was first described by Fang, Pang, Lü, Zhang, Pan, Wang, Li and Cheng in 2000. Fossils of the species were found in the village of Chuanjie, Lufeng County, Yunnan Province, (in Chuanjie Formation deposits) and are named after the location where the fossils were discovered.

Chuanjiesaurus is a genus of sauropod dinosaurs from the middle Jurassic Period. They lived in what is now China. The type species, Chuanjiesaurus anaensis, was first described by Fang, Pang, Lü, Zhang, Pan, Wang, Li and Cheng in 2000. Fossils of the species were found in the village of Chuanjie, Lufeng County, Yunnan Province, (in Chuanjie Formation deposits) and are named after the location where the fossils were discovered. Holtz gave a length of 25 meters (82 ft).

Discovery and Naming

• Discovery: Fossils of Chuanjiesaurus were discovered in Yunnan Province, specifically in the Lower Jurassic rock formations.
• Naming: The genus Chuanjiesaurus was named after Chuanjie Township in Yunnan, where the fossils were found.

Physical Characteristics

• Classification: Chuanjiesaurus is classified as a genus of sauropod dinosaur, specifically belonging to the family Mamenchisauridae.
• Size: It was a medium-sized sauropod, estimated to have reached lengths of around 15 meters (49 feet).

Habitat and Paleoenvironment

• Habitat: During the Early Jurassic period, Yunnan Province had a warm and humid climate, with dense forests and abundant vegetation. This provided an ideal habitat for herbivorous dinosaurs like Chuanjiesaurus.
• Fossil Sites: Fossils of Chuanjiesaurus have been found in various locations within Yunnan, contributing to our understanding of the dinosaur fauna in this region during that time.

Significance

• Contribution to Paleontology: Chuanjiesaurus fossils have provided valuable insights into the diversity and evolution of sauropod dinosaurs in Asia during the Early Jurassic period.
• Research and Study: Study of Chuanjiesaurus helps paleontologists understand the anatomical features and adaptations of sauropod dinosaurs, as well as their ecological roles in ancient ecosystems.

Fossil Sites in Yunnan

• Yunnan Province is known for several fossil sites, including those where Chuanjiesaurus fossils have been unearthed. These sites are important for studying the paleobiology and evolutionary history of dinosaurs in Asia.

Chuanjiesaurus remains an important genus for paleontological research, offering a window into the ancient world of sauropod dinosaurs in Yunnan Province and their place in the global ecosystem during the Early Jurassic.

Chinshakiangosaurus (JIN-shah-jiahng-uh-SOR-us, meaning “Chinshakiang lizard”) is a genus of dinosaur and probably one of the most basal sauropods known. The only species, Chinshakiangosaurus chunghoensis, is known from a fragmentary skeleton found in Lower Jurassic rocks in China. Chinshakiangosaurus is one of the few basal sauropods with preserved skull bones and therefore important for the understanding of the early evolution of this group. It shows that early sauropods may have possessed fleshy cheeks.

Description and feeding

Like all sauropods, it was a large, quadrupedal herbivore with long neck and tail. The body length of the only specimen is estimated at 12 to 13 meters. The remains consists of the dentary (the tooth bearing bone of the mandible) including teeth as well as several parts of the postcranium. By now, only the dentary and the teeth were studied extensively; the remaining skeleton still awaits a proper description.

The dentary was curved in dorsal view, so that the mandibles formed a U-shaped, broad snout. This feature is typical for sauropods – in Prosauropods, on the contrary, the dentary was straight, forming a V-shaped, tapered snout. Paul Upchurch and colleagues (2007) suppose that this differences can give hints about feeding habits: The prosauropods with their tapered snouts possibly where selective feeders, who ate only certain plant parts, whereas sauropods with their broad snouts where bulk feeders, adapted to consume large amounts of foliage.

The tooth size increased towards the tip of the snout, like in sauropods. Another derived, sauropod like feature was a bony plate that lined the tooth row laterally and became thicker towards the tip of the snout. This plate may have hindered the teeth to be displaced while defoliating plants.

The dentary was deep. However, as in prosauropods, it became lower towards the tip of the snout, while in sauropods the dentary became deeper, forming a very deep symphysis.In lateral view, the dentary shows a prominent ridge running diagonally across the bone. Apart from Chinshakiangosaurus, this feature is only known from prosauropods, where it is interpreted as the insertion point of a fleshy cheek.^[1][4] Such cheeks would have prohibited food falling out of the mouth and may be a hint that the food underwent some degree of oral processing before it was swallowed. If Chinshakiangosaurus indeed was a basal sauropod, this would be the first evidence of cheeks in this group. In all other sauropods known from congruous remains this feature had been reduced already.

On each side of the mandible there were 19 teeth – more than in all known sauropods, but fewer than in the prosauropod Plateosaurus. The teeth were lanceolate and furnished with coarse denticles; therewith they resemble those of prosauropods more than those of sauropods. However, the lingual side of the teeth already was slightly concave, possibly an initial state towards the strongly concave, spoon shaped teeth that were typical for sauropods.

Classification

Initially, Dong Zhiming classified Chinshakiangosaurus as a member of the Melanorosauridae, which he thought to be a group of prosauropods. However, he already noted certain resemblances with sauropods.More recent studies classify this genus as a very basal sauropod.The exact relationships are not clear, though.

Discovery

The fossils were found in 1970 by Zhao Xijin and colleagues in Yongren County in central Yunnan. They come from the Fengjiahe Formation, which is made up of mudstones, siltstones and sandstones that were deposited fluvolacustrine (inside rivers and lakes). Fossils of Invertebrates like ostracodes and bivalves were used to determine these sediments as Upper Jurassic in age. A more precise dating could not be made.

The holotype specimen (IVPP V14474) consists of a left dentary, one cervical and several dorsal and caudal vertebrae, both scapulae, some pelvic bones and the hind limbs. C. H. Ye mentioned this specimen in 1975 under the name Chinshakiangosaurus chunghoensis (after the Yangtze River and the village Zhonghe). However, because he did not provide a description of the fossils, the name was a Nomen nudum (nacked name) until Dong Zhiming published a short description in 1992. Since then, the authorship is correctly cited as “Chinshakiangosaurus chunghoensis Ye vide Dong, 1992″.

After Dongs description, this genus, though potentially valid, remained unnoticed by most paleontologists. It was mentioned by Upchurch and colleagues (2004), who classified it as a nomen dubium inside Sauropoda. In 2007, Upchurch and colleagues published a comprehensive description of the dentary and the teeth and declared Chinshakiangosaurus as a valid taxon.

Discovery and Naming

• Discovery: Fossils of Chinshakiangosaurus were discovered in Yunnan Province, specifically in the Lower Jurassic rock formations.
• Naming: The genus Chinshakiangosaurus is named after the Chinshakian Stage, a subdivision of the Early Jurassic in China, and “saurus,” meaning lizard or reptile.

Physical Characteristics

• Classification: Chinshakiangosaurus is classified as a genus of sauropodomorph dinosaur, specifically belonging to the group of prosauropods.
• Size: It was a medium-sized dinosaur, with an estimated length of around 5-7 meters (16-23 feet).

Habitat and Paleoenvironment

• Habitat: During the Early Jurassic period, Yunnan Province had a warm and humid climate, with lush vegetation. This provided a suitable habitat for herbivorous dinosaurs like Chinshakiangosaurus.
• Fossil Sites: Fossils of Chinshakiangosaurus have been found in various locations within Yunnan, contributing to our understanding of the dinosaur fauna in this region during that time.

Significance

• Contribution to Paleontology: Chinshakiangosaurus fossils have provided insights into the diversity and evolutionary relationships of early sauropodomorph dinosaurs in Asia during the Early Jurassic.
• Research and Study: Study of Chinshakiangosaurus helps paleontologists understand the anatomical features, locomotion, and feeding habits of early herbivorous dinosaurs.

Fossil Sites in Yunnan

• Yunnan Province is renowned for its fossil sites, including those where Chinshakiangosaurus fossils have been discovered. These sites are crucial for studying the paleobiology and evolutionary history of dinosaurs in Asia.

Chinshakiangosaurus represents an important part of Yunnan’s paleontological heritage, offering valuable insights into the ancient ecosystems and the early evolution of dinosaurs in this region.

Bienosaurus (meaning “Bien’s lizard”) is a genus of thyreophoran dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic (probably Sinemurian) Lower Lufeng Formation in Yunnan Province in China. Bienosaurus is a genus of thyreophoran dinosaur that may have lived in the Lower Jurassic Lufeng Formation of Yunnan Province, China. The name means “Bien’s lizard”. In 1938, Bian Meinian discovered a partial dinosaur skull in the area, and in 2001, Dong Zhiming named and described it as Bienosaurus lufengensis, honoring Bian with the generic name and the Lufeng Formation with the specific name. However, some authors have reassessed the dinosaur’s classification due to the fragmentary nature of the remains and the lack of autapomorphies. For example, one article notes that the wide distribution of cortical remodeling of the skull roof, a synapomorphy of thyreophorans, makes it difficult to identify as an autapomorphy for Bienosaurus.

Discovery and species

In 1938, Bian Meinian, known in the West as Mei Nien Bien, discovered a fragmentary dinosaur skull. In 2001, Dong Zhiming named and described the specimen as the type species Bienosaurus lufengensis. The generic name honours Bian. The specific name refers to the Lufeng formation.

Bienosaurus is based on holotype IVPP V15311 (in 2001 incorrectly given the inventory number IVPP V 9612). It consists of a partial right lower jaw with teeth and several cranial fragments.

Phylogeny

Dong in 2001 placed Bienosaurus in the Scelidosauridae, considering these to be part of the Ankylosauria. Later publications suggested a general position basal in the Thyreophora. In 2019 a study confirmed this, concluding Bienosaurus was a nomen dubium, possibly identical to Tatisaurusfrom the same formation.

Discovery and Naming

• Discovery: Bienosaurus fossils were first discovered in Yunnan Province, China, specifically in the Lower Jurassic rock formations.
• Naming: The genus name “Bienosaurus” means “Bie’s lizard,” named after Bie Zuyao, a renowned Chinese paleontologist who made significant contributions to the study of Chinese dinosaurs.

Physical Characteristics

• Classification: Bienosaurus is classified as a prosauropod dinosaur, a group of herbivorous dinosaurs that were early relatives of the giant sauropods.
• Size: It was a medium-sized dinosaur, with an estimated length of around 5-6 meters (16-20 feet).

Habitat and Paleoenvironment

• Habitat: During the Early Jurassic period, Yunnan Province had a warm and humid climate, characterized by lush vegetation. This provided a suitable habitat for herbivorous dinosaurs like Bienosaurus.
• Fossil Sites: Fossils of Bienosaurus have been found in various locations within Yunnan, contributing to our understanding of the dinosaur fauna in this region during that time.

Significance

• Contribution to Paleontology: Bienosaurus fossils have provided important insights into the diversity and evolutionary relationships of early sauropodomorph dinosaurs in Asia during the Early Jurassic.
• Research and Study: Study of Bienosaurus helps paleontologists understand the anatomical features, locomotion, and feeding habits of early herbivorous dinosaurs.

Fossil Sites in Yunnan

• Yunnan Province is known for its rich fossil sites, including those where Bienosaurus fossils have been discovered. These sites are critical for studying the paleobiology and evolutionary history of dinosaurs in Asia.

Bienosaurus represents an integral part of Yunnan’s paleontological heritage, offering valuable clues about ancient ecosystems and the early evolution of dinosaurs in this region.

Atopodentatus is an extinct genus of marine reptile, possibly basal sauropterygian, known from the early Middle Triassic(Pelsonian substage, Anisian stage) of Luoping County, Yunnan Province, southwestern China. It contains a single species, Atopodentatus unicus. It is thought to have lived between 247 and 240 million years ago, during the Middle Triassic period, about six million years after the Permian extinction. Atopodentatus was an herbivorous marine reptile, although marine reptiles are usually omnivores or carnivores.

A near complete skeleton along with a left lateral portion of the skull were discovered near Daaozi village, Yunnan, China. The scientific name derives from the peculiar zipper-shaped morphology of the holotype specimen’s jaws and unique dentition.^[2]However, two fossil skulls discovered in 2016 indicate that the holotype skull was badly damaged, and that the living animal actually had a hammer-shaped head with shovel-like jaws.

Description

Atopodentatus is 3 metres (9.8 ft) long. The geological strata in which the fossil was found, the elongated body, reduced neck, robust appendages and hips of Atopodentatus all suggest that the reptile was probably semi-aquatic in nature.

Originally, the upper mandible of Atopodentatus was believed to have small teeth running along the jawline, and then up along a vertical split in the middle of the upper jaw. This gave the upper jaw the appearance of a “zipper smile of little teeth”. The upper jaw was believed to have hooked downwards. Discoveries in 2016, however, overthrew these findings, and revealed that Atopodentatus actually had a hammer-shaped head, with a bank of chisel-shaped teeth, that was useful in rooting the seabed for food.

Discovery and naming

The genus name Atopodentatus is derived from the Ancient Greek atopos (άτοπος), meaning “unplaceable, strange, extravagant, absurd, eccentric, disturbing”,^{[note 1]} combined with Latin dentatus, “toothed”, referring to the unusual form of arrangement and shape of the teeth. The specific name “unicus” reinforces the uniqueness of the reptile’s morphology.

Paleoecology

Due to its bizarre dentition, Atopodentatus was formerly considered to be a filter feeder which fed on invertebrates along the sea-bottom. It was suggested that the morphology made Atopodentatus “capable of walking on land or tidal flats and sandy islands in the intertidal zone”. However, the 2016 findings reveal that Atopodentatus actually ate algae from the seabed, making it the second known Mesozoic herbivorous marine reptile after the sphenodontian Ankylosphenodon.Atopodentatus is the earliest known herbivorous marine reptile by about 8 million years.

Discovery and Naming

• Discovery: Atopodentatus fossils were first discovered in Yunnan Province, China, specifically in the Middle Triassic marine deposits.
• Naming: The genus name “Atopodentatus” means “strange teeth,” referring to its unusual and distinctive dental structure.

Physical Characteristics

• Appearance: Atopodentatus had a long, slender body with a unique skull adaptation.
• Skull: Its most notable feature was its downturned rostrum (snout) lined with two rows of chisel-like teeth, which initially puzzled paleontologists about its feeding habits.

Feeding Adaptation

• Feeding Mechanism: Atopodentatus is believed to have been a filter-feeder, using its specialized rostrum to scrape algae or other small organisms from surfaces such as rocks or plants in marine environments.
• Unique Discovery: The discovery of Atopodentatus provided insights into unique feeding adaptations among marine reptiles during the Triassic period.

Significance

• Paleontological Insight: Atopodentatus represents an example of convergent evolution, where unrelated species develop similar adaptations due to similar environmental pressures.
• Ecosystem Role: Understanding Atopodentatus helps in reconstructing marine ecosystems and food webs during the Middle Triassic in Asia.

Fossil Sites in Yunnan

• Yunnan Province has yielded important fossil sites that contribute to our understanding of marine reptiles like Atopodentatus during the Triassic period.
• These fossils are crucial for studying the evolution and diversity of marine life in ancient seas.

Atopodentatus remains a fascinating example of evolutionary adaptation in marine reptiles, showcasing the diversity of life during the Triassic period and its ecological interactions in ancient seas.

The news was updated on June 20, 2019.

A grey-headed lovebird returns to its natural habitat.

More than one hundred wild birds were released in Menghai county, the Xishuangbanna autonomous prefecture of Dai minority, Yunnan province, on June 16. 

These birds were rescued by the local forestry police of Menghai in one of their actions against wild animal trafficking in March.

After a period of care and nursery, the 122 birds are healthy enough to fly back to their natural habitat, including 110 grey-headed lovebirds, 2 Alexandrine parrots, as well as 10 thrushes and mynas.

All of them are all listed as the wild species under special state protection in China. 

The Nabanhe nature reserve in Xishuangbanna has become their new home now. 

Source from Yunnan Gateway

Yunnan Baiyao Group has diversified its product portfolio under several well-recognized brands. Each brand targets different segments of the market, from traditional Chinese medicine to modern consumer goods.

1. Yunnan Baiyao

• Core Product: This is the flagship brand, known for its traditional herbal medicine. Yunnan Baiyao powder and capsules are the most prominent products under this brand, used for their purported wound healing and pain relief properties.

2. Yunnan Baiyao Toothpaste

• Product Line: This brand includes various toothpaste formulations incorporating Yunnan Baiyao’s herbal ingredients. The toothpaste is marketed for its oral health benefits, including promoting gum health and reducing sensitivity.
• Market Performance: By 2008, Yunnan Baiyao toothpaste achieved significant success, generating 500 million yuan in sales and becoming the fifth most popular toothpaste in China.

3. Yunnan Baiyao Adhesive Bandages

• Product Line: Adhesive bandages infused with Yunnan Baiyao powder, promoted with the slogan “It heals faster with Baiyao.” These bandages leverage the brand’s reputation for healing to address minor cuts and injuries effectively.

4. Yunnan Baiyao Patches

• Product Line: These patches are designed for pain relief and healing, using the same principles of traditional Chinese medicine found in other Yunnan Baiyao products. They are suitable for various aches and pains, including muscular and joint discomfort.

5. Yunnan Baiyao Shampoos

• Product Line: Expanding into personal care, Yunnan Baiyao shampoos incorporate herbal ingredients aimed at promoting scalp health and hair strength.

Strategic Diversification and Market Expansion

The strategic diversification of Yunnan Baiyao into different brands and product lines has enabled the company to capture a broad market segment, ranging from traditional medicine enthusiasts to modern consumers looking for effective healthcare and personal care products. This diversified approach has also contributed significantly to the company’s financial growth and market capitalization over recent years.

Fields of Operation

Yunnan Baiyao focuses primarily on diversifying its product offerings in the higher-end market segment for pharmaceuticals. The company has successfully ventured beyond its traditional medicine roots into various consumer goods.

Key Product Lines:

1. Pharmaceuticals:
   • Yunnan Baiyao’s flagship products include traditional herbal medicines known for their purported healing properties.
2. Adhesive Bandages:
   • Building on the success of its medicinal products, Yunnan Baiyao introduced adhesive bandages containing Yunnan Baiyao powder, marketed with the slogan “It heals faster with Baiyao.”
3. Toothpaste:
   • In a significant diversification move, Yunnan Baiyao added toothpaste to its product lineup. By 2008, the toothpaste generated 500 million yuan in sales, ranking as the fifth most popular toothpaste in China based on sales revenue.
4. Consumer Products:
   • Since around 2005, Yunnan Baiyao expanded into additional consumer products, including patches and shampoos.

Product Research and Financial Growth

Yunnan Baiyao Group has demonstrated substantial financial growth and successful product diversification over recent years:

• Revenue Growth:
  • From 2011 to 2016, the company’s revenue doubled, reaching $3.4 billion in 2016.
• Profit Increase:
  • During the same period, net profits increased by 140%, totaling $440 million in 2016.
• Market Capitalization:
  • The company’s market capitalization surged by over 250% since the end of 2011, exceeding $13 billion by 2016.

These figures reflect the effectiveness of Yunnan Baiyao’s strategic expansion into new product lines and the company’s ability to maintain robust performance in its established markets.

Regulatory Classification

• United States (FDA): Yunnan Baiyao products are classified as dietary supplements or new drugs. They are not generally recognized as safe and effective for the prevention, mitigation, or treatment of conditions such as wounds, pain, and hemorrhage.
• European Union (EMA): The European Medicines Agency has not assessed the safety or efficacy of Yunnan Baiyao as a hemostatic agent.
• Australia (ARTG): Yunnan Baiyao is not listed on the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods, meaning its quality, safety, or efficacy has not been established by the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration.

Scientific Studies and Findings

• Oral Administration: Laboratory tests have shown that oral administration of Yunnan Baiyao produces negligible results.
• Rheumatoid Arthritis: In vitro studies have suggested a theoretical benefit in treating rheumatoid arthritis, although high-quality evidence is lacking.
• Heavy Metals: Some studies have found heavy metal levels in Yunnan Baiyao below oral tolerance levels, but the significance of this finding is unclear.
• Topical Administration: Topical use of Yunnan Baiyao has shown some efficacy, possibly due to ultrastructural changes in platelets and the release of platelet constituents. The exact effect on the coagulation system is not fully understood, but it may involve the expression of glycoproteins on platelets.

Specific Studies

1. Hemangiosarcoma: An in vitro study found that Yunnan Baiyao causes dose and time-dependent hemangiosarcoma cell death through the initiation of caspase-mediated cell apoptosis in a canine cancer cell line. However, this did not suggest usefulness in patients.
2. Bleeding Time and Clotting Parameters: Another study found no significant difference from placebo regarding buccal mucosal bleeding time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and clotting parameters in canines.

Conclusion

As of 2019, there is no high-quality evidence supporting the use of Yunnan Baiyao for rheumatoid arthritis or hemangiosarcoma available in publicly reported scientific literature. Despite its historical and anecdotal reputation as a miracle remedy, modern scientific evaluation has not confirmed its efficacy for these conditions.

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Fulengia in Yunnan

Fulengia is the name given to a genus of dinosaur from the Early Jurassic. It was a prosauropod or other basal sauropodomorph. Its fossils were found in China. Fulengia is an extinct genus of theropod dinosaur known from Yunnan Province,...

Yunnan Paleontology    Veiw

Eomamenchisaurus in Yunnan

Eomamenchisaurus (meaning “dawn Mamenchisaurus“) is a genus of mamenchisaurid sauropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Yuanmou, Yunnan, China. The type species is E. yuanmouensis, described by Lü Junchang et al. in 2008....

Yunnan Paleontology    Veiw

• Yuanmou County

Eastmanosteus in Yunnan

Eastmanosteus (“Eastman’s bone”) is a fossil genus of dunkleosteid placoderms. It was closely related to the giant Dunkleosteus, but differed from that genus in size, in possessing a distinctive tuberculated bone ornament, ...

Yunnan Paleontology    Veiw

Chuxiongosaurus in Yunnan

Chuxiongosaurus is a genus of basal sauropodomorph dinosaur which lived during the Early Jurassic Period. Fossils of this genus have been found in the Lower Lufeng Formation, Yunnan Province, southern China. Identified from the holotype CMY ...

Yunnan Paleontology    Veiw

• Lufeng County

Chuanjiesaurus in Yunnan

Chuanjiesaurus is a genus of sauropod dinosaurs from the middle Jurassic Period. They lived in what is now China. The type species, Chuanjiesaurus anaensis, was first described by Fang, Pang, Lü, Zhang, Pan, Wang, Li and Cheng in 2000. Foss...

Yunnan Paleontology    Veiw

• Lufeng County

Chinshakiangosaurus in Yunnan

Chinshakiangosaurus (JIN-shah-jiahng-uh-SOR-us, meaning “Chinshakiang lizard”) is a genus of dinosaur and probably one of the most basal sauropods known. The only species, Chinshakiangosaurus chunghoensis, is known from a fragme ...

Yunnan Paleontology    Veiw

• Yongren County

Bienosaurus in Yunnan

Bienosaurus (meaning “Bien’s lizard”) is a genus of thyreophoran dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic (probably Sinemurian) Lower Lufeng Formation in Yunnan Province in China. Bienosaurus is a genus of...

Yunnan Paleontology    Veiw

• Lufeng County

Atopodentatus in Yunnan

Atopodentatus is an extinct genus of marine reptile, possibly basal sauropterygian, known from the early Middle Triassic(Pelsonian substage, Anisian stage) of Luoping County, Yunnan Province, southwestern China. It contains a single species ...

Yunnan Paleontology    Veiw

• Luoping County

122 wild birds set free in Xishuangbanna

The news was updated on June 20, 2019. A grey-headed lovebird returns to its natural habitat. More than one hundred wild birds were released in Menghai county, the Xishuangbanna...

Yunnan Travel News    Veiw

• Menghai County
• XishuangBanna
• Yunnan

Brands of Yunnan Baiyao

Yunnan Baiyao Group has diversified its product portfolio under several well-recognized brands. Each brand targets different segments of the market, from traditional Chinese medicine to modern consumer goods. 1....

Yunnan Baiyao    Veiw

• Yunnan Baiyao

Market of Yunnan Baiyao

Fields of Operation Yunnan Baiyao focuses primarily on diversifying its product offerings in the higher-end market segment for pharmaceuticals. The company has successfully ventured beyond its traditional medicine roots...

Yunnan Baiyao    Veiw

• Yunnan Baiyao

Efficacy of Yunnan Baiyao

Regulatory Classification United States (FDA): Yunnan Baiyao products are classified as dietary supplements or new drugs. They are not generally recognized as safe and effective for the prevention, mitigation,...

Yunnan Baiyao    Veiw

• Yunnan Baiyao