Jiacuo Dance(甲搓舞) is the traditional dance of the Mosuo Ethnic Minority, who live in the mountains of Lugu Lake of Yunnan province. It is one of the Intangible Cultural Heritage in Yunnan, it is about Mosuo people’s daily life and ethnic cultural.

Jiacuo

Jiacuo Dance(甲搓舞) is the traditional dance of the Mosuo Ethnic Minority, who live in the mountains of Lugu Lake of Yunnan province. So-called Jiacuo(甲搓), Jia(甲)means good and beautiful; and Cuo(搓) means dance, so the complete meaning of Jiacuo is dance for good times.

Origin

The origin of Jiacuo Dance is related to war. It is said that when Mosuo people was attacked by foreign nationalities, the tribal leader, together with Mosuo people, set a fire on the square of the village entrance. People surrounded the fire, shouting and dancing, to encourage soldiers and defeated the enemy. After the victory, they sang around the fire and danced happily. As a result, Jiacuo Dance became a group entertainment square dance, a dance for people to celebrate harvest, festivals and pray for gods. It also provides convenience for young men and women to find the soul mate.

The Dance

The rhythm of Jiacuo Dance is strong, the step is vigorous and bold, cheerful and warm, the dance leader was accompanied by bamboo flute(竹笛) or Lusheng(芦笙), the dancing people were arm in arm, with fingers crossed with each other, facing the campfire, dance with counterclockwise direction. Their steps change with the speed of the music rhythm, sometimes someone will shout “Aruo, ruo(阿若、若)” with the rhythm of the steps. From time to time, the dance leader start to sing the Jiacuo Song(甲搓歌), then people followed him. While dancing, the girls’ white skirt floating with the step , silver chain in front of their chest shining, their black silk hair drifting, pearl string reflected the fire in front of their forehead. They are the graceful Mosuo girls.

No matter it is an ancient war dance, or a harvest dance, or a new year dance, the dance is always with cheerful and warm melody, vigorously and changeable steps, sometimes fast and sometimes slow, even there were hundreds or thousands people, the dance is always orderly. When it comes to festival, there were Jiacuo Dance. Mosuo people take the village as a unit, or several villages united, around the campfire, enjoy the dancing, singing, which often lasted all night.

Chinese Version: https://baike.baidu.com/item/甲搓舞/3397301?fr=aladdin
Translated by Emily-Wang/王海玲

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Overview of the Shugu Nisu Festival

• Chinese Name: 德钦县舒古尼苏节
• English Name: Shugu Nisu Festival or Fertilization Festival of Tibetan Ethnic Minority in Deqin County, Diqing
• Location: 迪庆藏族自治州德钦县云岭乡西当村/Xidang Village, Yunling Township, Deqen County, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

The Shugu Nisu Festival, also known as the Fertilization Festival, is a significant cultural celebration for the Tibetan ethnic minority in Deqin County, located within the Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province, China. This festival reflects the unique traditions, beliefs, and social practices of the Tibetan people in the region.

Signification

1. Cultural Significance: The Shugu Nisu Festival is primarily a celebration of fertility and abundance, marking the beginning of the agricultural season. It symbolizes hope for a fruitful harvest and prosperity for the community. The festival also serves as a time for community bonding and reinforcing cultural identity among the Tibetan people.
2. Timing: The festival is traditionally held in the spring, aligning with the planting season, when the community seeks blessings for their crops and livestock. The exact date may vary based on local customs and lunar calendar considerations.
3. Traditional Rituals: The festival begins with various rituals conducted by local spiritual leaders or lamas. These rituals may include prayers, offerings, and ceremonies aimed at appeasing deities and seeking their blessings for fertility in both agriculture and life.
4. Colorful Celebrations: The Shugu Nisu Festival is marked by vibrant celebrations that feature traditional music, dance, and costumes. Community members dressed in traditional Tibetan attire gather to participate in lively performances that often depict local legends, daily life, and the deep connection to nature.
5. Agricultural Practices: During the festival, traditional agricultural practices and games are demonstrated, reflecting the importance of farming in the culture and economy of the Tibetan community. This may include planting demonstrations, animal husbandry showcases, and competitions that highlight skills related to agriculture.
6. Community Engagement: The festival encourages community engagement and social interactions, bringing together families and neighbors. This is a time for connections to be strengthened, marriages to be celebrated, and friendships to be formed. It serves as an opportunity for younger generations to learn about their cultural heritage and connect with elders.
7. Culinary Aspects: Food plays a vital role in the Shugu Nisu Festival, with families preparing traditional dishes to share with neighbors and friends. Foods might include tsampa (barley flour), local dairy products, and other regional delicacies, reflecting the agricultural products of the area.

The Shugu Nisu Festival in Deqin County is more than just an agricultural celebration; it is a profound expression of Tibetan culture, community spirit, and spirituality. It offers a time for reflection on the interconnectedness of the environment, agriculture, and the community’s way of life. By participating in this festival, the Tibetan people of Deqin preserve their rich traditions while also fostering unity and hope for a prosperous future.

Overview of the Festival

• Chinese Name: 傈僳族拖乡批节
• English Name: Tuoxiangpi Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority in Deqin and Weixi, Diqing
• Location: Deqin and Weixi, Diqing

The Deqen Xiaruo Lisu Ethnic Township, the Tuoding Lisu Ethnic Township, and some Lisu people in Weixi hold the Tuo Xiang Pi Festival, a collective worship of mountain gods, every year on the 15th day of the seventh lunar month. The Tuo Xiang Pi Festival is one of the most ethnically distinctive traditional festivals. The entertainment activities during the festival mainly include bullfighting, sheep fighting, and horse racing competitions to select the ‘Bull King,’ ‘Sheep King,’ and ‘Fast Horse’ contestants. This festival is deeply rooted in the traditions and customs of the Lisu people and showcases their connection to their natural environment and spiritual beliefs.

1. Cultural Significance: The Tuoxiangpi Festival is primarily a collective worship event dedicated to mountain gods. It embodies the Lisu people’s reverence for nature and their traditional agricultural lifestyle, reflecting their hopes for a good harvest and protection from natural disasters.
2. Timing: The festival takes place annually on the 15th day of the seventh lunar month, a time when the agricultural season is at a critical juncture. This timing allows the community to come together and seek blessings for the crops and livestock.
3. Rituals and Ceremonies: Central to the Tuoxiangpi Festival are the rituals performed to honor mountain deities. Local shamans or spiritual leaders conduct these ceremonies, which may include offerings of food, incense, and prayers. These rituals not only seek divine favor but also reinforce communal bonds.
4. Traditional Competitions: The festival is famous for its lively and exciting competitions. Among the most popular events are bullfighting, sheep fighting, and horse racing. These competitions serve as both entertainment and a means to display the skills and bravery of the participants.
   • Bullfighting: A highlight where specially selected bulls compete against each other.
   • Sheep Fighting: A culturally significant contest showcasing the strength and agility of specially trained sheep.
   • Horse Racing: Riders compete on fast horses, with the title of ‘Fast Horse’ awarded to the winner.
5. Community Participation: The festival fosters a spirit of unity and cooperation among community members. Families and neighbors gather to celebrate, exchange food, and participate in various activities. It is also an opportunity for the younger generation to learn about their cultural heritage and engage with elders.
6. Culinary Traditions: Food plays an essential role in the festival. Families prepare traditional dishes that are shared among community members, enhancing the festive atmosphere and reinforcing social ties. Dishes often feature local ingredients and showcase the Lisu culinary heritage.
7. Cultural Performances: Alongside competitions, the festival features traditional music and dance performances that highlight Lisu culture. Participants may wear traditional attire, adding color and vibrancy to the celebrations.

Local Activities of the Festival

1. Rituals and Ceremonial Offerings

• Worship of Mountain Gods: The festival begins with rituals conducted by local shamans. These rituals often involve offerings to mountain deities, including food, incense, and symbolic items to seek blessings for prosperity, health, and good harvests.
• Prayers and Songs: Traditional prayers and songs are performed to honor the deities and ancestors, creating a spiritual atmosphere that reinforces the community’s cultural identity.

2. Traditional Competitions

• Bullfighting: One of the main attractions, this contest features bulls that compete head-to-head. Enthusiastic spectators cheer for their favorite bulls, and the event is a display of strength and animal prowess.
• Sheep Fighting: This unique event showcases specially trained sheep as they compete against each other. It is both entertaining and a demonstration of breeding skills.
• Horse Racing: Riders race on horseback, vying for the title of “Fast Horse.” This competition emphasizes the importance of horses in Lisu culture, both as a mode of transport and as valuable livestock.

3. Cultural Performances

• Traditional Music and Dance: Throughout the festival, various performances of folk music and traditional dances take place. Local musicians often play traditional instruments, creating an atmosphere filled with lively rhythms.
• Costumed Performances: Participants may don colorful traditional attire, showcasing Lisu heritage and adding visual spectacle to the celebrations.

4. Culinary Activities

• Shared Feasting: Families prepare traditional Lisu dishes using local ingredients. Food plays a central role in the festivities, and community members often share meals, promoting fellowship and unity.
• Culinary Competitions: There may also be competitions to showcase the best dishes, where local chefs or home cooks present their culinary skills to the community.

5. Community Games and Entertainment

• Sports Activities: In addition to traditional competitions, the festival often features various games and sports, including tug-of-war, races, and other fun contests that engage all ages.
• Craft Exhibitions: Local artisans may showcase their crafts, including traditional weaving, embroidery, and other hand-made goods, allowing visitors to appreciate and purchase Lisu handicrafts.

6. Social Gatherings

• Storytelling and Sharing: Elders often share stories, myths, and legends of the Lisu people, imparting cultural knowledge to younger generations. This oral tradition is vital for preserving the community’s history and values.
• Community Bonding: The festival is a time for families and neighbors to come together, strengthening social ties and reinforcing a sense of belonging.

Overview of the Festival

• Chinese Name:香格里拉格冬节
• English Name: Gedong Festival of Tibetan Ethnic Minority in Shangri-La City, Diqing
• Location:Shangri-La City, Diqing

The “Gedong” Festival is held on the 29th day of the 12th month in the lunar calendar in Zhongdian (with different dates for various temples in Deqin). The term “Gedong” in Tibetan signifies a gathering for a feast with nine different types of food. It is also the most grand and solemn event in the lama temples, known as the mask dance. The temples have dedicated choreography for the entire performance, accompanied by instruments such as the suona (a traditional horn), big cymbals, trombones, human bone horns, and white conch shells. The music is deep and solemn. Dancers hold various props, representing deities, and the performance is visually stunning. Large numbers of Tibetans, sometimes reaching five to six thousand people, gather at the temple for the festival, making it a grand event.

Local Activities During the Gedong Festival

1. Religious Rituals and Ceremonies

• Offering Ceremonies: The festival begins with traditional offerings to deities and ancestors, which may include food, drink, and incense. This is an important aspect that seeks blessings for health, prosperity, and a successful harvest in the coming year.
• Chanting and Prayers: Monks and locals often gather in temples to perform chants and prayers, reinforcing their spiritual connections during this auspicious time.

2. Mask Dances

• Sacred Mask Dance (Cham Dance): One of the highlights of the Gedong Festival is the cham dance, performed by monks in colorful, ornate costumes and masks. This ritual dance symbolizes the triumph of good over evil and is accompanied by traditional music, creating a captivating atmosphere.
• Choreographed Performances: Temples often have specific choreographies passed down through generations, and the dances are both a form of storytelling and a means of spiritual expression.

3. Music and Instrumentation

• Traditional Instruments: Live music is an integral part of the festival, featuring traditional Tibetan instruments such as the suona (similar to a double-reed horn), dahuo (a kind of flute), long trumpet, and drums. The music is generally deep and solemn, setting a reverent tone for the festivities.
• Community Singing: Local folk songs may also be performed, focusing on themes of love, nature, and community.

4. Culinary Feasts

• Gathering for Meals: Families and community members prepare and share traditional dishes, including tsampa (roasted barley flour), butter tea, and other local specialties. The act of sharing food brings people together, reinforcing communal bonds.
• Feasting with Nine Foods: The name “Gedong” refers to a gathering feast that typically includes nine different types of food, symbolizing abundance and sharing.

5. Cultural Exhibitions

• Artisan Markets: Local artisans may set up stalls to sell handmade crafts, traditional clothing, and jewelry. These markets offer a chance for visitors to appreciate Tibetan craftsmanship and acquire unique souvenirs.
• Storytelling and Oral Traditions: Elders often partake in storytelling, sharing myths, legends, and historical anecdotes that are vital to preserving the cultural heritage of the Tibetan community.

6. Community Games and Sports

• Traditional Sports: The festival can include various games and competitions that may involve traditional Tibetan sports, showcasing skills and fostering a spirit of camaraderie among community members.
• Horse Riding and Races: Horse-related activities may also be featured, reflecting the importance of horses in Tibetan culture.

Overview of the Xianzi Festival

• Chinese Name: 德钦县弦子节
• English Name: Xianzi Festival of Tibetan Ethnic Minority in Deqin County, Diqing
• Location: Deqin County, Diqing

The Xianzi Festival is a vibrant and culturally significant event that reflects the rich traditions and communal spirit of the Tibetan people. This festival, typically held in the summer, coincides with the period of growth and abundance in the region, making it an important celebration for local communities. The Xianzi Festival, also known as the “Singing and Dancing Festival,” showcases the deep connection of the Tibetan people to their culture, spirituality, and the natural environment. It usually lasts several days and is a time for reconnecting with traditions, celebrating the community, and paying homage to nature.

Key Activities During the Xianzi Festival

1. Religious Ceremonies

• Ritual Offerings: The festival typically begins with religious ceremonies, where offerings are made at local monasteries and sacred sites. This may include the burning of incense, offerings of tsampa (roasted barley flour), and butter tea, aimed at seeking blessings for health and prosperity.
• Prayers and Chanting: Monks and community members engage in prayers and chants, which are integral to the spiritual atmosphere of the festival.

2. Traditional Music and Dance

• Folk Singing and Dancing: The Xianzi Festival is renowned for its lively musical performances and traditional dance. Locals participate in folk dances that express joy and unity, often performed in groups. The dances are accompanied by traditional Tibetan instruments like the drum, long trumpet, and string instruments, creating a festive and energetic ambiance.
• Dressed in Traditional Attire: Participants often wear traditional Tibetan clothing, enhancing the visual spectacle of the festival and showcasing the unique styles of various local communities.

3. Culinary Celebrations

• Community Feasting: A significant aspect of the Xianzi Festival is the communal sharing of food. Families prepare an array of traditional dishes, which may include yak meat, dairy products, and various vegetable dishes. The act of sharing food strengthens community bonds and reflects the festival’s spirit of togetherness.
• Specialty Foods and Beverages: Special dishes and beverages are served, including butter tea and local wines, which are integral to Tibetan hospitality.

4. Cultural Exhibitions

• Art and Craft Displays: Local artisans often showcase their crafts during the festival, including handmade textiles, jewelry, thangka paintings, and other traditional crafts. These markets provide tourists and attendees with an opportunity to appreciate Tibetan artistry and heritage.
• Storytelling Sessions: Elders may also participate by sharing traditional stories and folklore, passing down cultural knowledge and values to younger generations.

5. Sports and Games

• Traditional Sports Competitions: The festival often features traditional Tibetan sports, such as horse racing, archery, and tug-of-war. These activities are not only entertaining but also foster a sense of competition and camaraderie among participants.
• Dancing Competitions: In addition to traditional dances, competition-style performances may be held, encouraging creative expression and friendly rivalry.

Conclusion

The Xianzi Festival stands as a testament to the rich cultural heritage of the Tibetan ethnic minority in Deqin County. Through a variety of religious, artistic, and social activities, the festival fosters a sense of community and celebrates the unique traditions of the Tibetan people. It serves as a vital opportunity for cultural exchange, community bonding, and the expression of joy and gratitude towards nature and spiritual beliefs, making it a cherished event in the calendar of local festivities.

Kena Village (柯那村) is located in Tacheng Town (塔城镇), Weixi Lisu Autonomous County (维西傈僳族自治县), Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (迪庆藏族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省), situated in the vertical valley zone of the Hengduan Mountains (横断山脉) and the core area of the World Natural Heritage site “Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan” (三江并流).
Tacheng Town is bordered by Wujing Township (五境乡) and Shangjiang Township (上江乡) of Shangri-La City (香格里拉市) to the east across the Jinsha River (金沙江), by Tacheng Township (塔城乡) of Yulong County (玉龙县) to the southeast, Yongchun Township (永春乡) to the south, Kangpu Township (康普乡), Baijixun Township (白济汛乡), and Pantian’ge Township (攀天阁乡) to the west and southwest, and by Tuoding Township (拖顶乡) and Xiaruo Township (霞若乡) of Deqin County (德钦县) to the north.
Kena Village is 7 kilometers from the Tacheng Town government seat.

Cultural and Historical Background

Kena (柯那) is a Tibetan name meaning “large whirlpool pond.” Before the founding of the People’s Republic of China, it was part of the Kena administrative unit under Zhongpu Township (宗普乡).
It was designated as Kena Village in 1950, renamed Kena Township in 1954, became the Kena Management Area of Tacheng Commune in 1958, reverted to Kena Township in 1962, and was renamed Kena Brigade in 1969. In 1984, the name Kena Township was reinstated, later changed to Kena Village Community under Tacheng Township in 1988. In 2001, it was restructured into Kena Villagers’ Committee, which remains in use today.
In September 2020, Kena Village was selected as part of the first batch of provincial-level Forest Villages in Yunnan Province.

Folk Customs

Kena Village and its surrounding areas are inhabited by various ethnic minorities, including Tibetans (藏族), Naxi (纳西族), and Lisu (傈僳族) peoples. These cultures have blended to form unique local folk traditions.
Traditional performances such as the Reba Dance (热巴舞) and the Lisu dance “Achimu Gua” (阿尺木刮) are still practiced.
Cultural heritage sites near the village include the Cave of Master Bodhidharma (达摩祖师洞) and the Tongle Lisu Residential Architecture Complex (同乐傈僳族民居建筑群).

Weather and Best Visiting Time

Tacheng Town lies in a low-latitude plateau and enjoys a subtropical to temperate monsoon mountain climate, characterized by significant altitudinal climate variation.
The annual average temperature is around 15°C, with about 850 mm of annual rainfall.
The best times to visit are during spring and autumn, when the climate is pleasant and the scenery at its most beautiful.

Recommended Attractions

Traditional Houses in Kena Village (柯那村)

Experience the unique architecture and cultural charm of ethnic Tibetan-style homes.

Lapu River (腊普河)

A scenic tributary of the Jinsha River (金沙江) flowing through the heart of Tacheng Town.

Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkey National Park (滇金丝猴国家公园)

Tacheng Town is a crucial habitat for the endangered Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (滇金丝猴), and visitors can observe this rare species up close.

Suggested Duration for Each Destination

• Kena Village (柯那村): 1 day to immerse in local folk culture.
• Lapu River (腊普河): Half a day for scenic exploration.
• Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkey National Park (滇金丝猴国家公园): 1 day to observe rare wildlife.

Transportation

By Car

From Weixi County (维西县), drive via main roads to Tacheng Town (塔城镇), then on to Kena Village (柯那村). The total distance is about 80 kilometers.

By Public Transport

Take a bus from the Weixi County Bus Station to Tacheng Town and transfer to local transport to reach Kena Village.

Local Cuisine

• Weixi Hundred Flowers Honey (维西百花蜜): A local specialty known for its rich and smooth flavor.
• Bise Meat (琵瑟肉): A distinctive Lisu (傈僳族) dish with a unique taste.
• Clear Soup Fish (清汤鱼): Made from fresh fish from the Lancang River (澜沧江), offering a delicious and light flavor.

Shopping

• Ethnic Handicrafts: Such as wooden bowls and tsampa boxes (糌粑盒), full of cultural charm.
• Weixi Walnuts (维西核桃): A high-quality local specialty, perfect as souvenirs.

Accommodation

Tibetan-style guesthouses are available in and around Kena Village, offering comfortable stays and an opportunity to experience authentic Tibetan hospitality.

Travel Tips

• Respect Local Customs: When visiting, please honor the religious beliefs and traditions of local ethnic communities.
• Protect the Environment: Kena Village maintains a pristine ecological environment—please travel responsibly.
• Travel Safety: The roads leading to the village are winding and rugged—caution is advised when driving.

Itinerary Suggestion

• Day 1: Arrive in Kena Village, explore traditional houses, enjoy ethnic culture, and taste local cuisine.
• Day 2: Visit Lapu River in the morning for scenic views, then head to Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkey National Park in the afternoon for wildlife observation.
• Day 3: Return to Weixi County or continue on to other destinations.

Kena Village (柯那村) is a culturally rich and ethnically diverse destination ideal for travelers interested in folk traditions and natural beauty. Here, you’ll experience the warmth of the local people and the unique charm of ancient cultures.
May your journey to Kena Village be filled with unforgettable moments and meaningful experiences.

For Chinese version please go to:
http://www.sohu.com/a/156295348_248772

Haini Village (海尼村) is located in Tacheng Town (塔城镇), Weixi Lisu Autonomous County (维西傈僳族自治县), Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (迪庆藏族自治州), Yunnan Province. It sits in the northwest part of Tacheng Town, about 20 km from the town’s government center and 52 km from Weixi County seat. Haini borders Deqin County (德钦县) to the east, Pantian’ge Township (攀天阁乡) to the south, Yongchun Township (永春乡) to the west, and Kona Village (柯那村) to the north.

History and Culture

The name “Haini” (海尼) originates from the Naxi language. It was originally “Haizi Ni,” meaning “the place where ears are twisted.” Before the founding of the People’s Republic, it belonged to the First Bao of Pantian’ge Township (攀天阁乡). In 1950, it was incorporated into Tacheng District (塔城区); in 1954, Haini Township (海尼乡) was established; in 1958, it became Haini Management Zone of Tacheng Commune (塔城公社海尼管理区); in 1962, it was again called Haini Township; in 1969, it became Haini Brigade (海尼大队); in 1984, it reverted to Haini Township; and in 1987, it became Haini Administrative Village. Since 2001, it has been officially named the Haini Village Committee (海尼村民委员会).

Folk Customs

Haini Village is home to several ethnic minority groups, including Tibetan, Naxi, and Lisu peoples. Their interwoven cultures form a unique tapestry of local customs. Traditional performances such as the Reba Dance (热巴舞) and the Lisu A-Chi-Mu-Gua (阿尺木刮) are still practiced, and the village also boasts a vibrant heritage of ethnic costumes.

Weather and Best Time to Visit

Located in the vertical valley region of the Hengduan Mountains (横断山脉), Haini Village experiences a subtropical to temperate monsoon highland climate, with distinct vertical climatic zones. The average annual temperature is about 13.1°C, and annual rainfall averages 1000.7 mm. The best times to visit are spring and autumn when the weather is pleasant and the scenery at its most beautiful.

Recommended Attractions

Traditional Residences of Haini Village (海尼村传统民居): Explore the unique architectural styles of local ethnic communities.
Lapu River (腊普河): A picturesque tributary of the Jinsha River (金沙江) that flows through the heart of Tacheng Town.
Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkey National Park (滇金丝猴国家公园): Tacheng Town is a critical habitat for the endangered Yunnan snub-nosed monkey, where visitors can observe them up close.

Suggested Duration for Each Destination

• Haini Village Exploration: 1 day to experience local customs and culture.
• Lapu River Excursion: Half a day to enjoy the natural beauty.
• Snub-nosed Monkey National Park Visit: 1 day to observe rare wildlife.

Transportation

By Car: Drive from Weixi County (维西县) to Tacheng Town, then onward to Haini Village. The total distance is approximately 52 km.
By Public Transport: Take a bus from Weixi County Passenger Terminal to Tacheng Town, then transfer to local transportation to reach the village.

Local Cuisine

• Weixi Multiflora Honey (维西百花蜜): A rich and fragrant local specialty.
• Pise Meat (琵瑟肉): A signature Lisu dish with a unique flavor.
• Clear Soup Fish (清汤鱼): Made with fresh fish from the Lancang River (澜沧江), known for its delicate taste.

Shopping

• Ethnic Handicrafts: Items like wooden bowls and tsampa boxes (糌粑盒) embody strong ethnic characteristics.
• Weixi Walnuts (维西核桃): A well-known local product of high quality.

Accommodation

There are Tibetan-style homestays available in and around Haini Village. These offer good amenities and the opportunity to experience Tibetan hospitality and traditions.

Visitor Tips

• Respect Local Customs: Be mindful of local religious beliefs and cultural practices when visiting.
• Protect the Environment: Help preserve the pristine ecology of Haini Village.
• Travel Safely: Roads to Haini can be rugged; drive carefully if self-driving.

Itinerary Suggestions

Day 1: Arrive at Haini Village, visit traditional homes, experience folk culture, and sample local cuisine.
Day 2: Tour Lapu River in the morning, then head to the Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkey National Park in the afternoon.
Day 3: Return to Weixi County or continue your journey to other attractions.

Haini Village (海尼村) is a culturally rich and ethnically diverse destination ideal for travelers who appreciate folk traditions and natural beauty. Here, visitors are warmly welcomed by locals and can discover the enchanting charm of ancient cultures. May your journey to Haini Village be rewarding and filled with unforgettable memories.

Waqiqi(瓦器器) is the folk dance of  Lisu Ethnic Minority. It is the crystallization of Lisu culture, and  one of the National Intangible Cultural Heritage in Yunnan. It offers the cultural, daiylife and production process of Lisu people.

Brief Introduction

In Lisu language, Waqiqi(瓦器器) means dancing. The Lisu Ethnic Minority’s dance Waqiqi is about the Lisu people’s production process, labor, and harvest and so on. The music is pleasant and strong, reflects the lisu people’s respect for nature, love for life, hard working, courage and their optimistic spirit.You can find Waqiqi Dance at Weixi County(维西县).

Music and Instruments

The dance music of Waqiqi  is accompanied by three traditional Lisu instruments, namely, Julv(菊律), Jizi (吉资) and Qiben (起本), which are self-made by Lisu people. While playing, all kinds of instruments followed their own fixed chords to form a complete song. The combination of all kinds of instruments organically forms a piece of harmonious music.

Lisu Legend

As for Waqiqi, there is an old legend among the Lisu people. Long long ago, there was no human being in the world. A beautiful bird came and laid three golden eggs. After three years, three months and three days of incubation, two of them hatched two boys, and the other one was broken. After the careful feeding of bird, the boys grew up to be two strong young men. In order to survive, the older brother went upstream to the source of the Dajiang River(大江), and later married a bird girl. They formed the Nianzanshi Village(念咱氏村落)，which means birds village. And the younger brother went down the stream and reached the end of the river, and later married a fish girl, they formed the  Wazanshi Village (哇咱氏村落), which means the fish village. Twenty-four dances of Waqiqi represent the content of this legend. Each dance has a certain meaning.

Chinese Version: http://www.xgll.com.cn/wh/2015-05/22/content_176441.htm
Translated by Emily-Wang/王海玲

Chinese Name:维西县傈僳族阿尺木刮歌舞
English Name: Achi Mugua Dance of Lisu Ethnic Minority in Weixi County, Diqing

Li Biqing (center) is dancing Achimugua with other villagers to welcome visiting reporters. Photo: Chunmei

Holding a wine pot, Li Biqing performed Achimugua with other villagers from Tongle village for visiting reporters on June 16, one of the grandest ceremonies Lisu people hold for guests.

Born in 1968, Li is now one of the best, but few, performers of Achimugua in China, a traditional dance created by the Lisu minority group from south China’s Yunnan province thousands of years ago. Yet, not all Chinese people have heard about the name of Li, neither have they seen this traditional Chinese art which is being protected by the Chinese government.

Achimugua (阿尺目刮) is the transliteration of the dance’s Lisu name in which “achi” means “goat” and “mugua” means “song” or “melody”, which is why Achimugua is also called “Goat Dance.”

While Achimugua is most popular in Kangpu, Badi, and Yezhi towns in Weixi county, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, the only below-provincial level Tibetan autonomous region in south China’s Yunnan province, so far there is no written record of when this performance came into being.

The current stories about Achimugua are mostly inherited from older generations of Lisu minority group whose ancestors used to live in the mountains as hunters and nomads. Being isolated from the outside world, the ancient Lisu people established close relations with the goat they were raising, which made them very acquainted with the voice, movement and habit of the goats. To better communicate with the goats, the Lisu people began to imitate their goats’ sounds and body movement, through which Lisu people gradually created a kind of performance which imitated the movement of a goat. As the goat played an important role in ancient Lisu people’s life, it was also regarded as the totem by the Lisu people.

Lisu people from Tongle village are performing Achimugua at Tongle Lisu village. Photo: Chunmei

Besides important guests, Achimugua is also performed during wedding ceremonies, important festivals and other significant events of the Lisu people.

Tall, dark-skinned, and strong, Li talked to reporters in a sonorous voice accompanied by apt body movement, which is likely shaped by the way Achimugua is performed.

Without any instrumental accompaniment (except flutes occasionally), Achimugua performers sing from the beginning to the end while they stamp their feet in accordance with the rhythm of the song. The performers basically consist of two teams – a female team and a male team, with each team led by one person. When the leader of a team leads the performance, the other members walk behind him clockwise in a circle.  

The transition of the lead team from the male to female team, or from the female to the male team, comes as a chorus with linking words begins to be sung by the lead team, and after another two circles of dance with performers stamping their feet in accordance with the original rhythm, the other team begins to lead the performance.

This process can be repeated many times as performers quicken the stamping of their feet. Although Achimugua now has over 10 different variations, the very spirit of this traditional art of Lisu people remains throughout history – imitating the sound and movement of a goat and inspiring audiences’ fascination of mountain, river, meadow and other elements of nature.

The view of Tongle village seen from a mountain on the west bank of Lantsang River. Photo: Chunmei

Coming from Tongle village of Yezhi town, one of the three towns which are now preserving the Achimugua dance, Li is obliged to teach young people in Tongle and other villages how to dance Achimugua as he is one of the best performers of Achimugua in the village which has over 600 Lisu people. Although Li said over 90% of the people in the village can dance Achimugua, he still thinks he has a duty to pass this traditional art to the younger generation as more and more young men today are leaving the village and working in big cities all year long to make money.

According to Li, there are now around 40 professional performers of Achimugua in the village and each week he has one class at a local primary school to teach the dance.  

In May 2006, Achimugua was listed as a national intangible heritage by the State Council, a move by the Chinese central government to protect, rescue, inherit and develop endangered intangible heritage in a scientific way.

Founded in the Tang Dynasty in 794, Tongle village is located in the Yunling river valley of Hengduan Mountains on the east bank of the Lantsang River. Its remote location makes it harder to popularize the art of Achimugua to outside world.

Li was happy to see the reporters who visited the village on June 16, because it was an opportunity to bring Achimugua to other parts of the world.

“Very few people of my age in the village like to dance Achimugua because it is sometimes too tiring, and more and more young people are living outside to work. I really hope the story of Achimugua can be told to more and more people from outside China,” he said.

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Shenchuan Reba Dance(神川热巴舞) is the rutial dance of Lisu Ethnic Minority. It reflects the Lisu people’s cultural and religion. It is one of the Intangible Cultural Heritage in Yunnan.  

Brief Introduction

In Tacheng Town (塔城镇)of Lisu Autonomous County of Weixi(维西傈僳族自治县), there is an ancient ritual song and dance , Reba(热巴). Tacheng town is famous for its song and dance. In ancient times, Tacheng Town was called Lapu(喇普), which means Shenchuan(神川) in Tibetan language. Therefore, someone are also called Tacheng Reba(塔城热巴) as Shengchuan Reba(神川热巴). Tacheng Shenchuan Reba(塔城神川热巴) is a classical dance type, with unique style and long history. It is a large-scale collective dance composed of song, dance, monologue, etc. accompanied by drum beating. It belongs to the orthodox classical Reba and is unique in the China.

The Unique Dance

Unlike other folk songs and dances that can be sung and danced at any time, Shengchuan Reba is to worship god and pray for the purpose of the performance. Before the performance, there should be a period of time to prepare for all aspects of the dance, and the date of the performance must be chosen. What’s more, there are some sacrificial rites before the performance, which formed a traditional set of performance customs. Before the performance, a sacrificial ceremony to greet the gods will be held. During the performance, under the command of the leading dancer, the performers beating drums at the same tame, while the female dancers are beating the sun and moon drums(日月彩鼓), gently moving, their steps are graceful, dignified, sacred and solemn; while the male dancers are waving rattle-drums(拨浪鼓), yak tails(牦牛尾), and dancing vigorously and steadily.

Legend

In ancient times, the temples built by gods were destroyed by demons and ghosts at night. After a long time of reconstruction, they could not be built. Finally, a god was asked to create Reba, and several handsome men and beautiful women were asked to jump all night on the construction site to stop the destruction of ghosts. Finally, the temple was built. So, Reba became a folk dance of sacrifice, worship and pray.

Chinese Version: http://www.sohu.com/a/202966726_100007546
Translated by Emily -Wang/王海玲 

Brief Introduction

The Sinong Reba Dance(斯农热巴舞) in Yunling Town(云岭乡) of Deqin County(德钦县), Diqing is a comprehensive performing art that integrates bell and drum dance(铃鼓舞), poetic drama(杂剧), mime(哑剧), fable singing and dancing(寓言歌舞), rap(说唱), acrobatics(杂技), mini-opera(小戏) and string dance(弦子舞).

It is spread among Tibetan ethnic people in two major types. One is the Hobo Reba(流浪热巴), which is equivalent to the professional team now. This kind of Hobo Reba is mainly composed of family members, and neighbors and distant relatives. The other is self-entertainment Reba(自娱性热巴), which is composed of villages. This kind of Reba is influenced by regional culture. Its artistic style is different. It is characterized by non-mobility and non-exchange of performance for remuneration. It mainly performs at festivals and when houses are built. Nowadays, Sinong Reba belongs to another category of Reba art which combines self-entertainment Reba with vagrant Reba and religious Reba.

Performing Sequence

• Scene One :Bell and drum praise (铃鼓赞)
• Scene Two : Zuomugangtuo/佐姆岗错 (Yak Dance)
• Scene Three: Wapiti Dance(马鹿舞)
• Scene Four : Reba Strings(热巴弦子)

The Tools of Sinong Reba

Ya’an /哑安(Yak’s tail), Kuasong/夸松 (bell), A/阿 (drum with handle), Ajia/阿嘉 (drum stick), Xiama/吓吗 (wapiti mask), Zuomuma /佐姆吗(yak mask), Gang Zheng岗正 (foot bell),and  Biyang/比央 (horsetail string)

Chinese Version:https://baike.baidu.com/item/斯农热巴舞/8433440?fr=aladdin                                              Translated by Olive Zhang/张银芳

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