Jizu Mountain Tour Map in Binchuan County, Dali

Introduction

Mouni Temple (牟尼庵) is located on a small ridge west of Zhusheng Temple (祝圣寺) in Jizu Mountain (鸡足山), Binchuan County (宾川县), Yunnan Province (云南省). Situated at an altitude of under 3,248 meters, it faces the Yulong Waterfall (玉龙瀑布) to the south and a mountain stream to the west. Due to its strategic location, Mouni Temple has historically been a crucial stop for pilgrims heading to the Yulong Waterfall and those ascending the mountain for worship. This significance is reflected in many ancient travel writings about Jizu Mountain, where terms like “teahouse” or “Mouni Temple” are frequently mentioned.

Historical Background

During the Ming Dynasty (明代), specifically in the Jiajing era (嘉靖年间), a monk named Yang Shen (杨慎) resided in the temple and decided to live there permanently to compile the “Jizu Mountain Chronicle” (鸡足山志). Unfortunately, the temple suffered a fire, destroying his manuscript, which led Yang to write a poem on the wall before leaving the mountain.

Other notable temples nearby include Taizi Pavilion (太子阁), Shizhong Temple (石钟寺), Jiguan Temple (寂光寺), Shengfeng Temple (圣峰寺), Huayan Temple (华严寺), Chuan Yi Temple (传衣寺), Dajue Temple (大觉寺), Sitian Temple (悉檀寺), Longhua Temple (龙华寺), Sanmo Temple (三摩寺), Lei Yin Temple (雷音寺), Biyun Temple (碧云寺), Fangguang Temple (放光寺), Nianhua Temple (拈花寺), Mile Courtyard (弥勒院), Zunsheng Pagoda Courtyard (尊胜塔院), Yuanjing Temple (圆净庵), Fayun Courtyard (法云院), Dazhi Temple (大智庵), Bajiao Temple (八角庵), Shuiyue Temple (水月庵), Guanyin Pavilion (观音阁), and Dabeige (大悲阁).

Mouni Temple’s Historical Significance

According to historical records, during the Jiajing era, a monk noticed many pilgrims to the waterfall suffering from thirst. He built a thatched hut on the ridge to provide tea, earning the nickname “teahouse.” After a fire destroyed it, a man named Yang Zhou (杨周) rebuilt it as Mouni Temple and appointed a monk named Zhikong (智空) as the abbot, leading to its current name.

Local legends suggest that the site of Mouni Temple resembled a round seal, marking where Shakyamuni Buddha (释迦牟尼佛) once meditated. As a result, the temple was naturally named Mouni Temple. Two significant Ming Dynasty travelogues reference the “teahouse”: one by the renowned scholar Li Yuanyang (李元阳) titled “Journey to Jizu Mountain” (游鸡足山记) and another by Zhou Fuyun (周复俊), an official from Jiangsu Province (江苏省), also titled “Journey to Jizu Mountain.”

In 1639, renowned traveler Xu Xiake (徐霞客) visited Jizu Mountain and noted Mouni Temple multiple times, solidifying its place in history.

A notable story related to Mouni Temple recounts the unfortunate event when Yang Shen was exiled for offending the Jiajing Emperor. While waiting for a friend at the teahouse, it caught fire, destroying his writings. He lamented this loss in a poem left on the remaining wall:

“方知太古淳然在，自悔文章一画多。漫拨雪中消焰烬，寻思议礼竟如何？”

(May I realize that the essence of ancient times endures, yet regret that my writings were lost. How should I contemplate ritual amidst the ashes of this burnt snow?)

Over the years, Mouni Temple has faced multiple fires but has been rebuilt each time. The government allocated funds for restoration in 1952 and 1963. However, it faced total destruction during the Cultural Revolution (文化大革命). Today, only two simple houses remain, with the main hall yet to be restored.

Despite its challenges, a unique tree known as Mouni Cypress (牟尼柏) has survived. This tree, also known as Sanhui Cypress (三会柏), features three distinct trunks, each sprouting three types of leaves: flat-leaved cypress, round-leaved cypress, and needle-leaved cypress. Despite various attempts to cultivate it, botanists have not succeeded. The age of this remarkable tree remains unknown.

How to Get There

To reach Mouni Temple in Binchuan County, travelers can fly to Dali Airport (大理机场) and then take a bus or taxi to Jizu Mountain. From the base of Jizu Mountain, local transport options or hiking trails can guide you to Mouni Temple.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The ideal seasons for visiting are spring and autumn when the weather is pleasant.
• Preparation: Bring sufficient water, as the temple is a hiking destination, and facilities may be limited.
• Respect Local Customs: As a pilgrimage site, visitors should maintain a respectful demeanor and adhere to local customs.
• Photography: Capture the breathtaking scenery, but be mindful of other visitors and the spiritual atmosphere.

Overview

The Hall of Kasyapa Matanga, also known as the Copper Roof Hall (铜瓦殿) or the Chuan Deng Temple (传灯寺), is located at the foot of Jizushan (鸡足山) in Binchuan County (宾川县). It is the largest temple in Jizushan, historically known as Tianzhi (天咫). Due to its strategic location, it is said that “Kasyapa lights the way to the golden summit.” Revered as the ancestral temple of all temples in the mountains, it plays a significant role in the region’s Buddhist culture.

Jizushan is recognized as a prominent Buddhist site in South Asia and Southeast Asia, one of China’s top ten sacred mountains, and the location of Kasyapa Bodhisattva’s (迦叶菩萨) spiritual activities. It serves as a convergence point for Chinese Han and Tibetan Buddhism and is the birthplace of Zen Buddhism, earning it nicknames such as “The Most Beautiful Mountain in the World,” “The Buddhist Capital of Lingshan,” and “The First Buddha Mountain of Huaxia.”

Historical Significance

Over two thousand years ago, Kasyapa, the disciple of Shakyamuni Buddha, attained enlightenment at Jizushan, establishing its esteemed status in the Buddhist world. During the Yuan (元) and Ming (明) dynasties, the area flourished, developing into a complex of 71 monasteries centered around the Hall of Kasyapa. At its peak, it included 36 temples and 72 hermitages, housing thousands of monks and nuns.

The famous monk Xuanzang (玄奘) recorded in his book, “The Great Tang Records on the Western Regions” (大唐西域记), that Kasyapa foresaw his impending Nirvana and passed on the teachings to Ananda (阿南), carrying the Buddha’s robe to the misty Jizushan. He vowed to use his divine powers to preserve his body and passed on the robe to Maitreya (弥勒) when he would come to visit after 67 billion years.

This vow led to the creation of the Huashou Gate (华首门), a legendary entrance through which a monk is said to visit daily, embodying the spirit of Kasyapa.

Cultural Heritage

In 1889, Master Xuyun (虚云) prayed earnestly at Huashou Gate, and suddenly, three bell chimes echoed from the stone gate, resonating through the valley. He wrote:

“西来福地拥禅观，绝壁悬岩耸翠鬟。洞里天机千万劫，门前月色几重山。”
“In the blessed land from the West, the zen temple embraces the high cliffs and green peaks. Within the cave, the mysteries transcend countless ages; before the gate, the moonlight reveals many mountains.”

The surrounding fog and mist create an ethereal atmosphere, especially during autumn and winter when red leaves blanket the mountains. Jizushan is celebrated for its majestic, perilous, strange, beautiful, and tranquil features. The famous traveler Xu Xiake (徐霞客) praised it, saying, “All sights are gathered within,” while the renowned painter Xu Beihong (徐悲鸿) noted, “The Lingjiu Mountain is a desolate land, incomparable to the majestic Jizushan.”

Attractions

Copper Roof Hall (铜瓦殿)

To the left of the Copper Roof Hall, a large stone rises, resembling a monk’s robe with its blue and white veined patterns.

Huashou Gate (华首门)

Located 100 meters to the right of the Copper Roof Hall, Huashou Gate is known as “The First Gate in the World.” On either side stand two small white pagodas, each about 7 meters tall, known as the “Twin Towers of Drinking Light” (饮光双塔), built during the Ming dynasty (明) and well-preserved.

Pathways

The shortcut to the Copper Roof Hall leads down from Jinding Temple (金顶寺), descending through the Cliffs of Self-Sacrifice (舍身崖). This path offers a breathtaking view as one approaches the Copper Roof Hall.

Scenic Experience

Upon reaching the Copper Roof Hall, the view is stunning, with the roof of the hall made entirely of copper gleaming in the sunlight. The surrounding environment offers a picturesque backdrop for photos, giving the impression of sitting atop a copper roof.

The entrance features ancient trees that catch the eye. With over 85% forest coverage, the climate is mild, supporting diverse vegetation. Visitors can touch moss-covered trunks, breathe in the scent of blooming flowers, or even meditate alongside ancient stones, feeling a sense of tranquility in the air.

Travel Information

How to Get There

• Location: The Hall of Kasyapa Matanga is located in Binchuan County, Dali (大理宾川县鸡足山).
• By Car: From Dali City, take G214 to Binchuan County. Follow local signs to Jizushan. The journey takes approximately 1.5 hours.
• Public Transport: Buses from Dali to Binchuan are available. Once in Binchuan, local transport can take you to Jizushan.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Autumn and winter for beautiful foliage and cooler temperatures.
• Dress Comfortably: Wear sturdy shoes as you may encounter uneven terrain and steps.
• Photography: Capture the stunning views and spiritual ambiance. Early morning or late afternoon light is ideal.
• Respect Local Customs: As a sacred site, be mindful of the practices and beliefs of visitors and locals.

Overview

Jiulian Temple (九莲寺), located in Jizu Mountain (鸡足山) in Binchuan County (宾川县), Dali (大理), Yunnan Province (云南省), China, was founded by Master Wuwei (无为法师) in the 38th year of the Wanli era (万历) during the Ming Dynasty (明朝) (1610). It was rebuilt in 1997 under the supervision of Master Changying (常应法师), with the current abbot being Master Guoqing (果清法师). The temple belongs to the Linji sect (临济宗) of Buddhism. Known for its vegetarian cuisine, it attracts visitors who appreciate its exquisite flavors and presentation.

Temple Introduction

Jiulian Temple (九莲寺) is situated on the western side of Ling Mountain (灵山), with a charming layout that features fragrant flowers and lush greenery, creating an elegant environment. The temple is surrounded by a century-old chestnut orchard, enhancing its picturesque landscape.

Cultural Significance

Yunnan’s (云南) Buddhist culture is deeply rooted, with Dali (大理) historically referred to as the “Pure Land of Wonderful Fragrance” (妙香佛国). Jizu Mountain (鸡足山) is known as the site where Kasyapa (迦叶), the Buddha’s (佛陀) foremost disciple, awaits the future arrival of Maitreya Buddha (弥勒佛).

Historical Development

Jiulian Temple (九莲寺) began construction in the 38th year of the Wanli era (万历) (1610). Over the years, it has undergone various renovations, including significant repairs in 1952, 1963, and a major restoration in 1985 after being damaged during the Cultural Revolution (文化大革命).

Restoration Efforts

In 1997, under Master Changying (常应法师), the temple was restored to include major structures like the Heavenly King Hall (天王殿), Mahaviro Hall (大雄宝殿), Three Saints Hall (三圣殿), and a Scripture Library (藏经楼), among others. The architectural area spans approximately 12,600 square meters.

Unique Features

The temple boasts a rare flower known as “Ziwulian” (子午莲), which blooms only at noon, and an ancient cypress tree (柏树) that symbolizes resilience and renewal, flourishing after years of dormancy following the Cultural Revolution (文化大革命).

Academic Contributions

In 2000, the temple established a Bodhisattva (菩萨) precepts transmission for 868 lay Buddhists (居士). Subsequently, it opened a section of Yunnan Buddhist Academy (云南佛学院) for nuns in 2003, offering various courses in Buddhist studies (佛学), ethics (伦理), and languages (语言).

Daily Life and Practices

The temple is known for its disciplined daily routines, including chanting (诵经), meditation (打坐), and vegetarian meals (素食), contributing to a serene and respectful atmosphere that attracts both laypeople and pilgrims.

Getting There

To reach Jiulian Temple (九莲寺) in Jizu Mountain (鸡足山), visitors can take a bus from Dali (大理) to Binchuan County (宾川县). Local transportation, such as taxis or ride-hailing services, is also available for a more direct route to the temple.

Travel Tips

1. Best Time to Visit: The temple is best visited in spring (春天) and autumn (秋天) when the weather is mild.
2. Accommodation: Consider staying in Binchuan County (宾川县) for easy access to the temple and local attractions.
3. Cultural Etiquette: Dress modestly (得体) and observe temple customs, such as maintaining silence in sacred areas.
4. Vegetarian Meals: Don’t miss the opportunity to try the temple’s renowned vegetarian dishes (素食).

Attractions Nearby

• Jizu Mountain (鸡足山): Known for its stunning landscapes and cultural significance in Buddhism.
• Dali Ancient Town (大理古城): A historic town with rich cultural heritage and beautiful scenery.

Jiulian Temple (九莲寺) is not just a place of worship but also a hub of cultural education and tranquility, making it a must-visit destination in Yunnan Province (云南省).

Overview

Lengyan Tower, located at the peak of Jizu Mountain (鸡足山) over 30 kilometers northwest of Binchuan County (宾川县), Yunnan Province, is a key cultural relic protected at the provincial level by Dali Prefecture (大理州). Jizu Mountain is a famous Buddhist holy site in Southeast Asia, serving as a convergence point for Han and Tibetan Buddhism, and is recognized as the birthplace of Zen Buddhism. It is also the site where the Buddha’s foremost disciple, Kasyapa (迦叶), established a spiritual practice. The mountain, known for its distinctive shape resembling a chicken’s foot, is classified as a national scenic area.

Introduction to the Attraction

Architectural Features

The Lengyan Tower is a thirteen-story, pagoda-style tower standing over 40 meters tall, with seven levels accessible to visitors. The original site of the tower was home to the Guangming Pagoda (光明宝塔), built during the Ming Dynasty (明朝). This earlier structure was described as having a square base with seven levels, each approximately one zhang high, and took seven years to complete. Unfortunately, during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty (清朝), the governor Fan Chengxun (范承勋) fell prey to slander and ordered its demolition.

In 1929, after visiting Jizu Mountain, the then Governor of Yunnan, Long Yun (龙云), approved the construction of the Lengyan Tower on the original site of the Guangming Pagoda. The new tower took over three years to complete and has become a significant cultural landmark of Jizu Mountain. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Lengyan Tower served as a vital navigational beacon for the “Camel Peak Route” in the Dali area, contributing uniquely to the war effort.

Cultural Significance

Lengyan Tower houses several inscriptions, including Yang Mengnan’s (杨萌南) “Inscription of Lengyan Tower” (鸡足山楞严塔碑记), Zhou Zhongyue’s (周钟岳) “Epitaph of Lengyan Tower” (鸡足山楞严塔碑铭), and Long Yun’s (龙云) “Dharma Appearance is Majestic” (法相庄严), which reflect its profound cultural significance. Despite being constructed relatively recently, the tower inherits and advances the traditional styles of Dali’s ancient pagodas, symbolizing a historical continuum that has thrived for over a thousand years.

Scenic Views

The majestic architecture of the Lengyan Tower stands out beautifully against the backdrop of Jizu Mountain, serving as a prominent geographical landmark in the region. The tower’s exterior is gray-white and resembles the Qianxun Pagoda (千寻塔) of Chongsheng Temple (崇圣寺), though it is more slender. Notably, the second tier of the tower is surrounded by iron railings and features a corridor for visitors to enjoy panoramic views, supported by eight inverted triangular structures that give the appearance of a decorative “skirt,” infusing modern architectural elements.

Throughout the seasons, the scenery surrounding the Lengyan Tower transforms dramatically: in spring, it is adorned with blooming azaleas; in summer, it appears as a floating landmark amid the sea of clouds; in autumn, it stands out against the clear blue sky and lush trees; and in winter, it sparkles like crystal in the snow, becoming an indispensable part of Jizu Mountain.

Standing beneath the tower and gazing upward, one feels a sense of awe at the clouds racing across the sky. The tower, standing majestically between heaven and earth, evokes a profound appreciation for the beauty of ancient Chinese architecture. From the tower, one can admire the panoramic views of Cangshan (苍山) and Erhai Lake (洱海), where mountains and lush landscapes converge. Visitors can witness the sunrise to the east, the colorful clouds to the south, the vast Cang and Er lakes to the west, and the majestic Yulong Snow Mountain (玉龙雪山) to the north. This breathtaking scenery captivates the spirit and invites reflections on the wonders of nature.

Historian Xu Xiake (徐霞客), during his exploration of Jizu Mountain, was so enchanted that he spent several days there, famously remarking, “To see the sun in the east, the sea in the west, the clouds in the south, and the snow in the north—this combination is indeed extraordinary, but the pinnacle of Tianzhu Peak captures all these sights, making it not just the premier site of Jizu Mountain, but the foremost in all the realm.”

Conclusion

Today, the interior of the Lengyan Tower is no longer open to visitors, preventing direct access to its heights. However, the grandeur of the tower and the harmonious integration of architecture with nature continue to inspire awe and reflection. This tower, imbued with historical memories and spiritual significance, proudly stands in Dali, in the land of colorful clouds.

How to Get There

To reach Lengyan Tower, visitors can travel to Binchuan County by bus or car from Dali City. From Binchuan, it is a scenic drive or bus ride up to Jizu Mountain. Local transportation options include taxis or private vehicles, which provide flexibility for exploring the area.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn offer the most comfortable weather and vibrant scenery.
• Clothing: Wear comfortable walking shoes and layered clothing as the weather can change quickly.
• Photography: Bring a camera to capture the stunning views and architectural details.
• Respect Local Customs: As a religious site, visitors should dress modestly and maintain a respectful demeanor.

Location:

Hiking Tour Tips for Jizushan Mountain in Bingchuan County of Dali

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