Overview

• Chinese Name: 迪庆州藏族默朗钦波节
• English Name: Molang Qinbo Festival of Tibetan Ethnic Minority in Deqin County, Diqing
• Location: Deqin County, Diqing

The Molang Qinbo Festival is a vibrant celebration held by the Tibetan ethnic minority in Deqin County of Diqing Prefecture. This festival is a reflection of the unique cultural identity and traditions of the Tibetan people in the region. Here’s an overview of the festival, including its origin, significance, and local activities. The Molang Qinbo Festival is a joyous and meaningful occasion for the Tibetan ethnic minority in Deqin County. It celebrates cultural heritage, fosters community spirit, and strengthens social ties among the Tibetan people. Through its rich array of activities, the festival not only honors tradition but also helps preserve and promote the unique identity of the Tibetan community in a rapidly changing world.

Origin

The Molang Qinbo Festival has its roots in the agricultural practices and spiritual beliefs of the Tibetan people. Traditionally celebrated to give thanks for a successful harvest and to pray for good fortune in the coming year, the festival is linked to the ancient reverence for nature and the deities that govern agricultural abundance. It is also an occasion to honor ancestors and seek their blessings. Over the years, it has evolved into a major community event that captures the essence of Tibetan culture, uniting locals in celebration and fostering a sense of identity and continuity.

Significance

The Molang Qinbo Festival holds significant cultural and social importance for the Tibetan community in Deqin. It serves several important purposes:

• Cultural Heritage: It is a means of preserving and promoting Tibetan cultural traditions, music, dance, and rituals, ensuring that younger generations understand and appreciate their heritage.
• Community Bonding: It strengthens social bonds within the community by bringing people together for shared celebrations, fostering unity, cooperation, and mutual support.
• Spiritual Connection: The festival provides an opportunity to express gratitude toward nature and deities, reinforcing the spiritual connection the Tibetans have with their environment.
• Tourism Promotion: In recent years, the festival has also become a point of attraction for tourists, promoting cultural exchange and generating economic benefits for the community.

Local Activities

The Molang Qinbo Festival is filled with various activities that showcase the richness of Tibetan culture. Here are some common activities associated with the festival:

1. Ritual Offerings: The festival typically begins with rituals honoring deities and ancestors, where offerings of food, barley, and other items are made to express gratitude and seek blessings for the community.
2. Traditional Music and Dance: Folk songs and traditional dances are performed throughout the festival. Participants often engage in collective dancing such as the Guozhuang dance, which involves lively movements and is a way for the community to come together in joy.
3. Archery Competitions: Reflecting the region’s rich archery tradition, competitions may be held, inviting skilled archers to demonstrate their talents. This is both a competitive and communal activity, fostering camaraderie.
4. Cultural Performances: Local artists and performers come together to showcase Tibetan opera, storytelling, and other cultural presentations that highlight historical stories, folklore, and moral lessons.
5. Horse Racing: In some celebrations, horse racing may take place, providing excitement and engagement. It is often a highlight for spectators and participants alike, showcasing horsemanship skills.
6. Community Feast: A communal meal is typically shared among attendees, featuring traditional Tibetan foods such as yak meat, butter tea, and tsampa. This feast emphasizes the importance of sharing and togetherness.
7. Games and Competitions: Various traditional games are organized, including tug-of-war and traditional sports, encouraging participation from all age groups and further enhancing the festive spirit.
8. Bonfire Celebrations: As the day winds down, bonfires are lit, and people gather around to enjoy music, dance, and storytelling, fostering a sense of community and celebration that lasts deep into the night.
9. Blessing Rituals: Women often perform rituals to bless the festival and its participants, reflecting the community’s values and spiritual beliefs.

Overview

• Chinese Name: 德钦县神山节
• English Name: Holy Mountain Festival in Deqin County, Diqing
• Location: Deqin County, Diqing

The Holy Mountain Festival in Deqin County, located in the Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province, China, is a deeply significant cultural and religious celebration for the local Tibetan community. This vibrant festival centers around the revered Meili Snow Mountain, known as Kawagebo in Tibetan, which is considered sacred and holds great spiritual importance.

The Holy Mountain Festival in Deqin County is a remarkable event that celebrates the spiritual, cultural, and social aspects of Tibetan life. Rooted in reverence for the Meili Snow Mountain, it unites the community in a shared expression of faith, gratitude, and cultural heritage. The festival not only honors the traditions of the past but also ensures their preservation for future generations, while simultaneously promoting cultural awareness among visitors and tourists.

Origin and Background

The Holy Mountain Festival has its origins rooted in the indigenous Tibetan Buddhist beliefs and the reverence that the local population has for the Meili Snow Mountain range. The mountain, which rises to 6,740 meters (22,114 feet), is not only an aesthetic wonder but is often viewed as a home to deities and a site of pilgrimage.

Traditionally, the festival marks an occasion to welcome the changing seasons, express gratitude for the previous year’s harvest, and pray for blessings in the year ahead. These beliefs were shaped by historical practice, where communities would journey to the mountain to pay respects and connect spiritually. Over time, the festival has incorporated various cultural elements, demonstrating the enduring traditions and lifestyles of the Tibetan people.

Significance

The Holy Mountain Festival serves several vital roles within the community:

• Spiritual Belief: As a celebration centered around a sacred site, the festival emphasizes the deep spiritual connection that the Tibetan people have with their natural environment, particularly the mountains, which are viewed as manifestations of divine power.
• Cultural Heritage: The festival plays an essential role in preserving and promoting Tibetan culture, including language, music, dance, and rituals. It provides an opportunity for the community to pass down traditions to younger generations.
• Community Cohesion: The festival fosters a sense of unity and belonging among participants. It brings together individuals and families from different areas, encouraging social interaction and strengthening bonds within the community.
• Tourism and Cultural Exchange: Over the years, the festival has attracted tourists, fostering cultural exchange and contributing to the local economy. It allows visitors to experience the rich traditions of the Tibetan culture firsthand.

Local Activities

The Holy Mountain Festival is characterized by a variety of activities that highlight the vibrant culture of the Tibetan people. Some of the notable activities include:

1. Pilgrimage to Meili Snow Mountain: A key feature of the festival is the pilgrimage undertaken by locals and visitors alike to the foot of the Meili Snow Mountain. This journey is imbued with spiritual significance, often involving prayers and rituals along the way.
2. Ritual Offerings: Participants prepare and present offerings to the mountain deities, which may include food, barley, and other symbolic items. These offerings signify respect and gratitude for the blessings received.
3. Traditional Music and Dance: Folk dances and songs play a central role in the festivities. Traditional dances, such as the Guozhuang, are performed, often inviting participation from both locals and visitors, creating a joyful atmosphere.
4. Religious Ceremonies: Monks and lamas conduct rituals and prayer ceremonies, providing blessings for participants. These ceremonies are a way to connect spiritually and invoke protection and prosperity for the community.
5. Cultural Performances: The festival features various performances, including Tibetan opera, storytelling, and demonstrations of traditional folklore, showcasing the artistic heritage of the Tibetan people.
6. Tibetan Culinary Delights: Traditional foods are prominently featured during the festival. Community feasts allow participants to share hearty dishes such as yak meat, butter tea, and tsampa (roasted barley flour), reinforcing the spirit of sharing.
7. Community Games and Competitions: Traditional games and competitions, such as archery and tug-of-war, may be organized, encouraging teamwork and fostering a spirit of friendly competition.
8. Arts and Crafts Exhibition: Local artisans may display their craftsmanship, including intricate jewelry, textiles, and thangka (Buddhist paintings), offering visitors an insight into Tibetan art and opportunities to purchase handcrafted goods.
9. Bonfire Gatherings: Evenings are typically marked by bonfires, where communities gather to sing, dance, and share stories, forging connections and celebrating togetherness.
10. Prayer Flags and Khata Exchanges: Colorful prayer flags are often raised during the festival, symbolizing the sending of prayers and positive energy into the wind. Khata, a traditional white scarf, is exchanged as a gesture of goodwill and respect among participants.

The Red-throated Thrush (Turdus ruficollis), known as 赤颈鸫 (Chì jǐng dōng) in Chinese, is a striking member of the Turdidae family. This thrush is distinguished by its vivid red throat, a feature that makes it particularly appealing to birdwatchers.

Physical Features:

• Size: Approximately 23-26 cm (9-10 inches) in length.
• Plumage: The male Red-throated Thrush is notable for its reddish-orange throat and upper chest, which contrast with its grayish-brown upperparts and white underparts. Females and juveniles are generally paler, with a less prominent throat coloration.
• Voice: Its song consists of melodious, fluting notes and trills, while its call is a sharp “tuck.”

Habits:

• Behavior: The Red-throated Thrush is a migratory bird, breeding in the taiga forests of Siberia and northeastern Asia. During winter, it migrates to southern regions, including parts of China. It prefers open forests, woodland edges, and scrublands during migration and wintering periods.
• Diet: The thrush feeds on a variety of insects, worms, and other invertebrates, as well as fruits and berries. It forages primarily on the ground.
• Breeding: The bird nests in trees or shrubs, constructing a cup-shaped nest where it lays several eggs. The breeding season typically occurs in spring and early summer.

Where to Watch in China and Yunnan:

1. China:
   • Northeastern China: Regions such as Heilongjiang and Jilin during migration and winter.
   • Central China: Areas such as Sichuan and Shaanxi are suitable during migration.
   • Southern China: Provinces like Guangdong and Guangxi during the winter months.
2. Yunnan (16 Cities and Prefectures):
   • Kunming: Forested parks and surrounding areas are good locations during migration and winter.
   • Dali: Open forests and scrublands offer suitable habitats during migration and winter.
   • Lijiang: The bird can be seen in various forested areas and parks during its migratory and wintering periods.
   • Diqing: The mountainous regions and valleys provide excellent birdwatching opportunities.
   • Nujiang: This area offers diverse habitats for the Red-throated Thrush.
   • Baoshan (Baihualing and Gaoli Gongshan Mountain): Known for their rich biodiversity, these areas are great for spotting migratory thrushes.
   • Dehong (Yingjiang County): The diverse habitats here make it a good spot for birdwatching.
   • Chuxiong: Forested areas and nature reserves in Chuxiong are suitable during migration and winter.
   • Yuxi: Offers good birdwatching spots during the winter months.
   • Qujing: Suitable habitats for the Red-throated Thrush during migration and winter.
   • Puer: The subtropical forests in this region are ideal for wintering thrushes.
   • Xishuangbanna: Subtropical forests are a prime location for observing the thrush during winter.
   • Lincang: Forested areas and nature reserves are suitable for birdwatching during migration and winter.
   • Wenshan: Offers good habitats for the thrush during the winter months.
   • Zhaotong: Suitable areas for birdwatching during migration and winter.
   • Honghe: Diverse habitats in Honghe are ideal for spotting the thrush during its migratory journey and wintering period.

Best Time for Birding Tours:

• Autumn (September to November): Optimal for observing the Red-throated Thrush as it migrates to its wintering grounds.
• Winter (December to February): The best period to see the Red-throated Thrush in Yunnan and other parts of southern China.
• Spring (March to May): Another excellent time for birdwatching as the thrush prepares to migrate back to its breeding grounds.

Birding Trips and Recommendations:

• Guided Birdwatching Tours: Joining guided tours can increase your chances of spotting the Red-throated Thrush. Local guides can provide valuable insights and assistance.
• Local Birdwatching Organizations: Contact birding clubs or organizations in Kunming, Dali, Lijiang, Diqing, Nujiang, Baoshan, Dehong, Chuxiong, Yuxi, Qujing, Puer, Xishuangbanna, Lincang, Wenshan, Zhaotong, and Honghe for up-to-date information on birdwatching trips and the best locations to find the Red-throated Thrush.
• Self-Guided Birdwatching: Utilize field guides and birding apps to help identify and locate the Red-throated Thrush. Research local birding spots and plan visits during the optimal times for this species.

Additional Tips:

• Equipment: Bring high-quality binoculars and a camera with a telephoto lens to capture images of the Red-throated Thrush. A field guide specific to the region will also be helpful.
• Local Expertise: Engaging with local birdwatching groups or experts can enhance your birdwatching experience and provide deeper insights into the behavior and habitat of the Red-throated Thrush.

The Black-throated Thrush (Turdus atrogularis), known as 黑颈鸫 (Hēi jǐng dōng) in Chinese, is a member of the Turdidae family. This thrush is noted for its striking black throat and overall appearance, making it a favorite among birdwatchers.

Physical Features:

• Size: Approximately 24-27 cm (9.4-10.6 inches) in length.
• Plumage: The male Black-throated Thrush is distinguished by its black throat and upper chest, which contrasts sharply with its grayish-brown upperparts and white underparts. The female is generally more subdued in coloration, with a grayish-brown throat and upper chest.
• Voice: Its song is a series of melodious and clear whistles, often repeated. The call is a distinctive “chack” sound.

Habits:

• Behavior: The Black-throated Thrush is migratory, breeding in the taiga and forest regions of Siberia and Central Asia. During winter, it migrates to South Asia and East Asia. It prefers open forests, woodland edges, and scrublands during migration and wintering.
• Diet: This thrush feeds on a diet of insects, worms, and other invertebrates, supplemented with fruits and berries. It forages on the ground or in low vegetation.
• Breeding: Nests are typically built in trees or shrubs, where the female lays several eggs. The breeding season occurs in spring and early summer.

Where to Watch in China and Yunnan:

1. China:
   • Northeastern China: The Black-throated Thrush is found in regions like Heilongjiang and Jilin during migration and winter.
   • Central China: In provinces such as Sichuan and Shaanxi, the bird can be seen during migration.
   • Eastern China: Areas like Jiangsu and Zhejiang provide suitable habitats during winter.
2. Yunnan:
   • Kunming: The bird can be observed in forested parks and surrounding areas of Kunming during migration and winter.
   • Xishuangbanna: The subtropical forests of Xishuangbanna offer a good habitat for the Black-throated Thrush, especially in winter.
   • Dali and Lijiang: These regions are also suitable for spotting the Black-throated Thrush during its migratory journey and winter stay.

Best Time for Birding Tours:

• Autumn (September to November): This period is ideal for observing the Black-throated Thrush as it migrates to its wintering grounds.
• Winter (December to February): In Yunnan and other parts of southern China, the bird is present in suitable habitats during the winter months.
• Spring (March to May): Spring is another excellent time for birdwatching, as the thrush prepares to migrate back to its breeding areas.

Birding Trips and Recommendations:

• Guided Birdwatching Tours: Participating in guided birdwatching tours can increase your chances of spotting the Black-throated Thrush. Guides with local knowledge can provide valuable assistance.
• Local Birdwatching Organizations: Contact local birding clubs or organizations in Kunming, Xishuangbanna, Dali, and Lijiang for up-to-date information on birdwatching trips and the best locations to find the Black-throated Thrush.
• Self-Guided Birdwatching: Use field guides and birding apps to help identify and locate the Black-throated Thrush. Plan your visits based on the best times to observe this species.

Additional Tips:

• Equipment: Bring high-quality binoculars and a camera with a telephoto lens to capture images of the Black-throated Thrush. A field guide specific to the region is also useful.
• Local Expertise: Engaging with local birdwatching groups or experts can enhance your birdwatching experience and provide deeper insights into the behavior and habitat of the Black-throated Thrush.

The Dusky Thrush (Turdus eunomus), known as 斑鸫 (Bān dōng) in Chinese, is a member of the Turdidae family. It is renowned for its distinct markings and migratory behavior, making it a fascinating species for birdwatchers.

Physical Features:

• Size: Approximately 22-24 cm (8.7-9.4 inches) in length.
• Plumage: The Dusky Thrush has a mix of brown and white feathers. The upper parts are generally dark brown with a distinctive white supercilium (eyebrow) and throat. The underparts are pale with heavy dark streaks and spots, especially on the breast and flanks. The rump and upper tail coverts are also brown.
• Voice: Its call includes a series of harsh “chuck” sounds and a melodious song composed of fluty notes and trills.

Habits:

• Behavior: This species is primarily migratory, breeding in Siberia and northeastern Asia and wintering in East Asia, including China and Japan. The Dusky Thrush prefers open forests, woodland edges, scrublands, and sometimes urban parks during migration and wintering periods.
• Diet: The Dusky Thrush feeds on insects, worms, and other invertebrates, as well as fruits and berries. It forages both on the ground and in low vegetation.
• Breeding: It nests in trees or shrubs, building a cup-shaped nest. The breeding season typically occurs in the spring and early summer.

Where to Watch in China and Yunnan:

1. China:
   • Northeastern China: The Dusky Thrush is found in regions such as Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning, particularly during migration and wintering periods.
   • Eastern China: During winter, it can be spotted in areas like Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai.
   • Southern China: It can also be found in provinces such as Guangdong and Guangxi during the winter months.
2. Yunnan:
   • Kunming: The bird can be observed in forested parks and surrounding areas of Kunming during migration and winter.
   • Xishuangbanna: The subtropical forests provide a suitable habitat for the Dusky Thrush, especially during its wintering period.
   • Dali and Lijiang: These regions offer varied habitats where the Dusky Thrush can be seen during its migratory journey and winter stay.

Best Time for Birding Tours:

• Autumn (September to November): This is a prime time to observe the Dusky Thrush as it migrates to its wintering grounds.
• Winter (December to February): In Yunnan and other parts of southern China, the Dusky Thrush can be seen wintering in suitable habitats.
• Spring (March to May): Spring is another good period for birdwatching as the Dusky Thrush prepares to migrate back to its breeding grounds.

Birding Trips and Recommendations:

• Guided Birdwatching Tours: Participating in guided birdwatching tours can enhance your chances of spotting the Dusky Thrush. Experienced guides can provide valuable insights and help locate the bird more effectively.
• Local Birdwatching Organizations: Contact local birding clubs or organizations in Kunming, Xishuangbanna, Dali, and Lijiang for updated information on birdwatching trips and the best locations to find the Dusky Thrush.
• Self-Guided Birdwatching: Use field guides and birding apps to assist in identifying and locating the Dusky Thrush. Research local birding spots and plan your visits according to the optimal times for this species.

Additional Tips:

• Equipment: Bring high-quality binoculars and a camera with a telephoto lens to capture images of the Dusky Thrush. A field guide specific to the region will also be helpful.
• Local Expertise: Engaging with local birdwatching groups or experts can improve your chances of seeing the Dusky Thrush and provide valuable insights into its behavior and habitat.

Naumann’s Thrush (Turdus naumanni), known as 斑鸫 in Chinese, is a notable thrush species recognized for its distinctive plumage and migratory behavior. It belongs to the Turdidae family and is known for its striking appearance and specific habitat preferences.

Physical Features:

• Size: Approximately 22-24 cm (8.7-9.4 inches) in length.
• Plumage: The Naumann’s Thrush is characterized by its brownish-gray back and wings, with a pale underbelly. The most distinctive feature is its spotted chest, with dark spots against a lighter background. The bird has a somewhat streaked appearance and a relatively plain head with a subtle eye ring.
• Voice: Its call is a soft and melodious song composed of clear and repetitive phrases. The vocalizations can be described as musical and often include variations of trills and whistles.

Habits:

• Behavior: The Naumann’s Thrush is a migratory bird that breeds in eastern Asia and migrates to warmer regions for the winter. It is typically found in forested and shrubby habitats, and it is known for its elusive and somewhat secretive nature. During migration, it can often be seen in a variety of wooded and open areas.
• Diet: Its diet consists mainly of insects, worms, and other invertebrates, as well as fruits and berries. The bird forages on the ground or in low vegetation.
• Breeding: The Naumann’s Thrush nests in trees or shrubs, constructing a cup-shaped nest. The breeding season occurs in the spring and early summer, and it lays several eggs in its nest.

Where to Watch in China and Yunnan:

1. China:
   • Northeastern China: The Naumann’s Thrush can be observed in northeastern regions such as Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning during its breeding season.
   • Central China: It can also be found in forested and mountainous areas of central China, including parts of Sichuan and Shaanxi, especially during migration periods.
2. Yunnan:
   • Kunming: In Kunming, the Naumann’s Thrush can be spotted in forested parks and surrounding areas. It is more likely to be seen during migration periods.
   • Xishuangbanna: The subtropical forests of Xishuangbanna provide suitable habitat for the Naumann’s Thrush, particularly during its migratory journey.
   • Dali and Lijiang: These regions offer varied habitats that can be suitable for spotting the Naumann’s Thrush, especially during migration.

Best Time for Birding Tours:

• Spring (March to May): Spring is a good time for birdwatching, as it coincides with the migration period of the Naumann’s Thrush. The bird is active and more visible during this time as it travels to its breeding grounds.
• Autumn (September to November): Autumn is another excellent period for observing the Naumann’s Thrush, as it migrates south to its wintering grounds. This is the peak migration season, making it an ideal time for birdwatching.
• Winter (December to February): In Yunnan, where winters are relatively mild, birdwatching can still be productive. The Naumann’s Thrush may be present in suitable habitats during the winter months.

Birding Trips and Recommendations:

• Guided Birdwatching Tours: Joining guided birdwatching tours can significantly improve your chances of spotting the Naumann’s Thrush. Guides have the expertise and knowledge to help locate the bird more efficiently.
• Local Birdwatching Organizations: Contact local birding clubs or organizations in Kunming, Xishuangbanna, Dali, and Lijiang for up-to-date information on birdwatching trips and the best locations to find the Naumann’s Thrush.
• Self-Guided Birdwatching: If you prefer a self-guided approach, use field guides and birding apps to assist in identifying and locating the Naumann’s Thrush. Research local birding spots and plan your visits according to the best times for this species.

Additional Tips:

• Equipment: Bring high-quality binoculars and a camera with a telephoto lens for capturing images of the Naumann’s Thrush. A field guide specific to the region will also be helpful.
• Local Expertise: Engaging with local birdwatching groups or experts can enhance your birdwatching experience and provide valuable insights into the behavior and habitat of the Naumann’s Thrush.

The Chestnut Thrush (Turdus rubrocanus), known as 灰头鸫 in Chinese, is a striking bird recognized for its distinctive plumage and behavior. It belongs to the Turdidae family and is notable for its rich coloration and habitat preferences.

Physical Features:

• Size: Approximately 25-27 cm (9.8-10.6 inches) in length.
• Plumage: The Chestnut Thrush has a distinctive appearance with a chestnut-colored back and wings, contrasting with a pale or white underbelly. Its head is typically gray, giving it its common name. The chestnut coloration on the back is particularly vivid during the breeding season.
• Voice: The call of the Chestnut Thrush is a series of melodious whistles and trills. Its song is complex and pleasant, often characterized by a rhythmic pattern.

Habits:

• Behavior: The Chestnut Thrush is usually found in forested and shrubby areas. It is an agile bird and can often be seen foraging on the ground or in low vegetation. It is somewhat shy and may be challenging to spot due to its cryptic coloration and preference for dense cover.
• Diet: Its diet includes insects, worms, and other invertebrates, as well as fruits and berries. It forages actively in leaf litter and among shrubs.
• Breeding: The Chestnut Thrush builds a cup-shaped nest in shrubs or trees. It lays several eggs and the breeding season typically occurs in the spring and early summer.

Where to Watch in China and Yunnan:

1. China:
   • Northeastern China: The Chestnut Thrush can be observed in northeastern regions such as Heilongjiang and Jilin, where it inhabits forested and hilly areas.
   • Central China: It is also found in central China, including parts of Sichuan and Shaanxi, particularly in mountainous regions.
2. Yunnan:
   • Kunming: The bird can be found in the forested areas and parks around Kunming, especially in the cooler months.
   • Xishuangbanna: The subtropical forests of Xishuangbanna are suitable habitats for the Chestnut Thrush, making it a good location for birdwatching.
   • Dali and Lijiang: These regions offer diverse habitats, including forests and open woodlands, where the Chestnut Thrush can be observed.

Best Time for Birding Tours:

• Spring (March to May): Spring is an excellent time for birdwatching, as many birds, including the Chestnut Thrush, are active during their breeding season. The weather is generally mild and conducive to outdoor activities.
• Autumn (September to November): Autumn is another favorable period for observing migratory birds, including the Chestnut Thrush, as they travel through their migratory routes.
• Winter (December to February): In Yunnan, where winters are relatively mild, birdwatching can still be productive. The Chestnut Thrush may remain in suitable habitats throughout the winter.

Birding Trips and Recommendations:

• Guided Birdwatching Tours: Participating in guided birdwatching tours can enhance your chances of spotting the Chestnut Thrush. Experienced guides can provide valuable insights and help locate the bird more effectively.
• Local Birdwatching Organizations: Contact local birding clubs or organizations in Kunming, Xishuangbanna, Dali, and Lijiang for updated information on birdwatching trips and the best locations to find the Chestnut Thrush.
• Self-Guided Birdwatching: If you prefer a self-guided approach, use field guides and birding apps to assist in identifying and locating the Chestnut Thrush. Research local birding spots and plan your visits according to the optimal times for this species.

Additional Tips:

• Equipment: Bring high-quality binoculars and a camera with a telephoto lens to capture images of the Chestnut Thrush. A field guide specific to the region will also be helpful.
• Local Expertise: Engaging with local birdwatching groups or experts can improve your chances of seeing the Chestnut Thrush and provide valuable insights into its behavior and habitat.

The White-collared Blackbird (Turdus albocinctus), known as 白颈鸫 in Chinese, is a striking bird distinguished by its distinctive plumage and unique markings. It belongs to the Turdidae family and is known for its elegant appearance and specific habitat preferences.

Physical Features:

• Size: Approximately 25-28 cm (9.8-11 inches) in length.
• Plumage: The White-collared Blackbird is notable for its black body with a contrasting white or pale collar around its neck, giving it a distinctive and elegant look. The belly and underparts are generally lighter, often white or pale gray. The bird’s legs and beak are typically yellowish or orange.
• Voice: The call of the White-collared Blackbird is a melodious and varied series of whistles and trills. It has a pleasant, somewhat musical song that can be heard in its habitat.

Habits:

• Behavior: The White-collared Blackbird is usually found in forested and shrubby areas. It is a relatively shy bird and prefers dense vegetation where it can forage and hide. It is often seen foraging on the ground or in low shrubs.
• Diet: Its diet includes insects, worms, and other invertebrates, as well as fruits and berries.
• Breeding: The White-collared Blackbird nests in trees or shrubs, constructing a cup-shaped nest where it lays several eggs. The breeding season typically occurs in the spring and early summer.

Where to Watch in China and Yunnan:

1. China:
   • Southwestern China: The White-collared Blackbird can be found in the southwestern regions of China, including parts of Sichuan and Chongqing, where it inhabits mountainous and forested areas.
   • Central China: It is also observed in forested regions of central China, including parts of Hubei and Hunan.
2. Yunnan:
   • Kunming: The bird can be observed in the forested areas and parks around Kunming. It is more likely to be seen in the cooler months when it is more active.
   • Xishuangbanna: The subtropical forests of Xishuangbanna provide suitable habitat for the White-collared Blackbird. It is a good location for birdwatching, especially in the dense forested areas.
   • Dali and Lijiang: These regions, with their varied forest habitats, are also suitable for spotting the White-collared Blackbird. Look for it in the higher elevations and forested areas.

Best Time for Birding Tours:

• Spring (March to May): Spring is an excellent time for birdwatching, as many birds, including the White-collared Blackbird, are active during their breeding season. The weather is generally mild and favorable for outdoor activities.
• Autumn (September to November): Autumn is another good time for birdwatching, as the bird is still active and visible during its migratory movements.
• Winter (December to February): In Yunnan, where winters are relatively mild, birdwatching can still be productive. The White-collared Blackbird may remain in suitable habitats throughout the winter.

Birding Trips and Recommendations:

• Guided Birdwatching Tours: Participating in guided tours can enhance your chances of spotting the White-collared Blackbird. Expert guides can provide valuable insights and help locate the bird more effectively.
• Local Birdwatching Organizations: Contact local birding clubs or organizations in Kunming, Xishuangbanna, Dali, and Lijiang for up-to-date information on birdwatching trips and the best locations to find the White-collared Blackbird.
• Self-Guided Birdwatching: If you prefer a self-guided approach, use field guides and birding apps to aid in identifying and locating the White-collared Blackbird. Research local birding spots and plan your visits based on the best times for this species.

Additional Tips:

• Equipment: Bring high-quality binoculars and a camera with a telephoto lens to capture images of the White-collared Blackbird. A field guide specific to the region will also be useful.
• Local Expertise: Engaging with local birdwatching groups or experts can improve your chances of seeing the White-collared Blackbird and provide valuable insights into its behavior and habitat.

The Kessler’s Thrush (Turdus kessleri), known as 棕背鸫 in Chinese, is a medium-sized thrush with distinctive features and a somewhat elusive nature. It is part of the Turdidae family, known for its preference for forested habitats.

Physical Features:

• Size: Approximately 23-26 cm (9-10.2 inches) in length.
• Plumage: This thrush has a warm brown back and wings, with a pale underbelly. The chest and sides are marked with darker brown spots or streaks. Its face features a pale or whitish throat with a slightly darker crown and a noticeable white or pale “eyebrow.”
• Voice: The Kessler’s Thrush emits a soft, melodious call consisting of repetitive trills or phrases. Its vocalizations are less pronounced compared to some other thrush species but can be identified by their gentle, melodious quality.

Habits:

• Behavior: The Kessler’s Thrush is typically found in forested and shrubby areas. It prefers dense undergrowth and is often seen foraging on the ground or in low vegetation. It can be somewhat shy and elusive, making it a challenging bird to spot.
• Diet: Its diet primarily consists of insects, worms, and other invertebrates. During the winter or when in fruiting areas, it also feeds on berries and fruits.
• Breeding: The Kessler’s Thrush nests in shrubs or low trees, building a cup-shaped nest where it lays several eggs. The breeding season is generally in the spring and early summer.

Where to Watch in China and Yunnan:

1. China:
   • Northern and Northeastern China: The Kessler’s Thrush is commonly found in forested and hilly regions such as Heilongjiang, Jilin, and parts of Inner Mongolia.
   • Central China: It can also be observed in mountainous areas of central China, including regions of Sichuan and Shaanxi.
2. Yunnan:
   • Kunming: The bird can be found in forested areas and parks around Kunming. The cooler months are more favorable for sightings.
   • Xishuangbanna: This region’s tropical and subtropical forests provide a suitable habitat for the Kessler’s Thrush, making it a good spot for birdwatching.
   • Dali and Lijiang: These areas offer diverse habitats, including forests and open woodlands, where the Kessler’s Thrush may be observed.

Best Time for Birding Tours:

• Spring (March to May): Spring is an ideal time for birdwatching, as many birds, including the Kessler’s Thrush, are active in their breeding behaviors. The weather is generally mild and favorable for outdoor activities.
• Autumn (September to November): Autumn is another excellent period for observing migratory birds, including the Kessler’s Thrush, as they travel through their migratory routes.
• Winter (December to February): In Yunnan, where winters are relatively mild, birdwatching can still be productive. The Kessler’s Thrush may remain in suitable habitats throughout the winter.

Birding Trips and Recommendations:

• Guided Birdwatching Tours: Joining guided birdwatching tours can increase your chances of spotting the Kessler’s Thrush. Guides can provide expert knowledge and help locate the bird more efficiently.
• Local Birdwatching Organizations: Contact local birding clubs or organizations in Kunming, Xishuangbanna, Dali, and Lijiang for tailored birding experiences and current information on where to find the Kessler’s Thrush.
• Self-Guided Birdwatching: If you prefer to explore on your own, use field guides and birding apps to assist in identifying and locating the Kessler’s Thrush. Research local birding sites and plan visits according to the optimal times for this species.

Additional Tips:

• Equipment: Bring high-quality binoculars and a camera with a telephoto lens to enhance your birdwatching experience. A field guide specific to the region will also be useful.
• Local Expertise: Engaging with local birdwatching groups or experts can significantly improve your chances of seeing the Kessler’s Thrush and provide valuable insights into its behavior and habitat.

The Pale Thrush (Turdus pallidus), known as 白腹鸫 in Chinese, is a medium-sized thrush distinguished by its pale, subtle coloration. It is a member of the Turdidae family and is known for its unique appearance and relatively shy behavior.

Physical Features:

• Size: Measures about 23-25 cm (9-9.8 inches) in length.
• Plumage: The Pale Thrush has a distinctive pale brown or greyish-brown upperparts and a whitish or pale yellow underbelly. The underparts may have a subtle tinge of pink or buff. It has a noticeable pale eyebrow and a slightly darker crown.
• Voice: Its call is a soft, melodious whistle or a series of trills. The song is usually a clear, repetitive sequence of notes that can be heard in its habitat.

Habits:

• Behavior: The Pale Thrush is often seen foraging on the ground or in low shrubs. It is relatively shy and may be difficult to spot due to its cryptic plumage. It tends to be solitary or found in small groups.
• Diet: It primarily feeds on insects, worms, and other invertebrates, but it may also consume berries and fruits, especially in winter.
• Breeding: The Pale Thrush nests in trees or shrubs, constructing a cup-shaped nest where it lays several eggs. The breeding season is typically in the spring and early summer.

Where to Watch in China and Yunnan:

1. China:
   • Northern and Central China: The Pale Thrush is commonly found in areas such as Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi, and other forested and hilly regions.
   • Southern China: During migration, it can be seen in southern provinces like Jiangxi and Zhejiang.
2. Yunnan:
   • Kunming: The Pale Thrush can be observed in forested areas and parks around Kunming.
   • Xishuangbanna: The tropical and subtropical forests provide a suitable habitat for the Pale Thrush, making it a good location to spot the bird.
   • Dali and Lijiang: These regions offer diverse habitats, including forested areas and open woodlands, where the Pale Thrush can be found.

Best Time for Birding Tours:

• Spring (March to May): Spring is an excellent time for birdwatching, as many species, including the Pale Thrush, are active during their breeding season. The weather is mild and favorable for outdoor activities.
• Autumn (September to November): This season is ideal for observing migratory birds, including the Pale Thrush, as they pass through their migratory routes.
• Winter (December to February): In Yunnan, where winters are milder, birdwatching can still be productive. The Pale Thrush may be present throughout the winter in suitable habitats.

Birding Trips and Recommendations:

• Guided Birdwatching Tours: Join guided birding tours to increase your chances of spotting the Pale Thrush. Expert guides can provide valuable insights into the bird’s behavior and help locate it more efficiently.
• Local Birdwatching Organizations: Contact birdwatching clubs or organizations in Kunming, Xishuangbanna, Dali, and Lijiang for tailored birding experiences and information on where to find the Pale Thrush.
• Self-Guided Birdwatching: If you prefer a self-guided approach, use field guides and birding apps to aid in spotting the Pale Thrush. Research local birding spots and plan visits based on the best times for observing this species.

Additional Tips:

• Equipment: Bring binoculars with good magnification and a camera with a telephoto lens to capture images of the Pale Thrush. A field guide specific to the region can also be helpful.
• Local Expertise: Engaging with local guides or birdwatching groups can enhance your birding experience and improve your chances of seeing the Pale Thrush.

The Eyebrowed Thrush (Turdus obscurus), known as 白眉鸫 in Chinese, is a medium-sized passerine bird belonging to the Turdidae family. It is distinguished by its unique plumage and striking facial features.

Physical Features:

• Size: About 22-25 cm (8.7-9.8 inches) in length.
• Plumage: The Eyebrowed Thrush has a somewhat plain appearance with a brownish or olive-brown back and a pale underbelly. One of its most distinguishing features is the prominent white “eyebrow” or supercilium that runs above its eye, contrasting with its darker face and throat.
• Voice: The bird’s call is a series of melodious, somewhat repetitive notes or trills. It can be a bit subdued compared to other thrush species but is often heard in its habitat.

Habits:

• Behavior: The Eyebrowed Thrush is generally solitary or seen in small groups. It is often found foraging on the ground or in low shrubs, feeding on insects, worms, and berries.
• Diet: It primarily consumes invertebrates such as insects and worms, but also eats fruits and berries, especially during the winter months.
• Breeding: It builds a cup-shaped nest in a tree or bush, where it lays several eggs. The breeding season typically occurs during the warmer months, with the bird displaying territorial behavior.

Where to Watch in China and Yunnan:

1. China:
   • Northern and Central China: The Eyebrowed Thrush is commonly found in areas like Beijing, Hebei, and Shanxi, particularly in forested and hilly regions.
   • Southern China: During migration periods, it can be spotted in southern provinces such as Jiangxi and Zhejiang, though it is less common in these areas.
2. Yunnan:
   • Kunming: The Eyebrowed Thrush can be observed in the forests and parklands around Kunming, particularly during migration seasons.
   • Xishuangbanna: This region’s tropical and subtropical environments offer suitable habitats for the Eyebrowed Thrush, especially in higher altitudes.
   • Dali and Lijiang: These areas provide good birdwatching opportunities with their diverse habitats, including forests and open woodlands.

Best Time for Birding Tours:

• Spring (March to May): Spring is a prime time for birdwatching as many birds, including the Eyebrowed Thrush, are active in their breeding behaviors and migration. The weather is also favorable for birdwatching.
• Autumn (September to November): This season is ideal for observing migratory birds, including the Eyebrowed Thrush, as they move through their migratory routes.
• Winter (December to February): In Yunnan, winters are relatively mild, making it a good time to spot the Eyebrowed Thrush, especially as it may stay in the region during colder months.

Birding Trips and Recommendations:

• Guided Birdwatching Tours: Participating in guided tours can enhance your chances of spotting the Eyebrowed Thrush. These tours are often led by experts familiar with local bird species and their habitats.
• Local Birdwatching Organizations: Contact local birding clubs or organizations in Kunming, Xishuangbanna, Dali, and Lijiang for tailored birdwatching experiences and updated information on where to find the Eyebrowed Thrush.
• Self-Guided Birdwatching: If you prefer a self-guided approach, equip yourself with a field guide and use birding apps to aid in spotting the Eyebrowed Thrush. Research local birding spots and plan your visits according to the best times for observing this species.

Additional Tips:

• Equipment: Bring binoculars with good magnification and a camera with a telephoto lens to capture images of the Eyebrowed Thrush. A field guide specific to the region can also be helpful.
• Local Expertise: Engaging with local guides or birdwatching groups can significantly improve your birding experience and increase your chances of observing the Eyebrowed Thrush.

Chinese Name: 灰背鸫
English Name: Grey-backed Thrush
Latin Name: Turdus hortulorum

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2018 年

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Kessler’s Thrush

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