片马的景颇族茶山人服饰 
2010-03-17 09:45:04| 
今年“德宏.国际目瑙纵歌节”期间，有幸接待来自怒江州片马的景颇族同胞们，第一次见识了怒江片马景颇族服饰，甚是幸运。
片马为云南省省级口岸，是少数民族傈僳族聚居地，也是云南省乃至全国的重点扶持镇。片马镇位于泸水县西部，高黎贡山西坡，恩梅开江支流小江(中缅界河)以东，南北长24公里,东西宽8公里，东与鲁掌镇相连，西、南、北三面与缅甸毗邻，国境线长64.4公里，有10号到25号界桩16棵,国土总面积153平方公里。全镇辖片马、片四河、古浪、岗房4个村民委员会，13个村民小组,总人口1505人，居住有傈僳、茶山(景颇族支系)、白、勒墨(白族支系)、彝、怒、纳西、汉共8个民族。片马境内的景颇族是古老的景颇族发源地之一，有景颇族茶山支和浪速支，茶山支系是片马的世居民族。茶山人勤劳朴实、敦厚善良、能歌善舞、热情好客。他们有自己的民族语言，没有文字，也不使用景颇文，至今仍保留着许多古老的习俗，如独具民族特色的衣着服饰、古朴庄重的婚娶、丧葬习俗及团结互助的建新房仪式等。

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🎵 The Many Faces of Lisu Music: Types and Tunes

1. “摆时” (Bǎi Shí) – The Free-Spirited Anthem
   Known as the “open-air song,” Bǎi Shí is sung outdoors—on mountain paths, in fields, or by riverside—where voices rise freely, blending with the wind and birdcalls. Unrestricted by strict rhythms, it’s a platform for improvisation: young men and women trade verses, flirting through metaphor (“My love is as steady as the Gaoligong’s roots, as clear as the Nujiang’s waters”), while elders chant tales of ancestral migrations. The melody is bold, with wide vocal ranges that leap like mountain streams, often accompanied by the pluck of the “期奔” (qībāen), a Lisu lute.
2. “优叶” (Yōu Yè) – The Love Lament
   Soft, tender, and often sung in duets, Yōu Yè is the language of romance. Imagine a Lisu youth serenading their beloved from across a valley, their voice trembling with longing: “If I were a star, I’d light your path through the night; if I were a tree, I’d shelter you from the storm.” These songs are intimate, sometimes accompanied by the “口弦” (kǒuxián), a tiny bamboo instrument that mimics the sighs of the wind—a perfect soundtrack for moonlit courting.
3. “木刮” (Mù Guā) – The Epic Narrative
   The “grand song” of the Lisu, Mù Guā is a living archive of history and wisdom. Sung during festivals or ceremonies, it recounts creation myths (“How the mountains rose, how the 怒江 found its course”), moral lessons, and communal memories. Elders sing in deep, resonant tones, their voices carrying the weight of centuries: “Listen, children, to the story of our people—how we learned to plant millet on the slopes, to hunt with wisdom, to honor the earth.” These songs can last for hours, a testament to the Lisu belief that music is a vessel for knowledge.
4. “括益” (Kuò Yì) – The Harvest Joy
   When the millet is ripe and the fields golden, Kuò Yì fills the air—upbeat, rhythmic, and filled with laughter. Villagers clap, stamp their feet, and sing of bountiful harvests: “Our baskets overflow with corn, our granaries kiss the sky! Thanks to the sun, the rain, and our hard hands.” These songs often merge with dance, like the “阿尺木刮” (Ā Chǐ Mù Guā), where performers mimic the movements of animals—a joyful tribute to nature’s gifts.

🌿 Why Lisu Folk Songs Captivate the World

• Harmony with Nature: Every melody is shaped by Nujiang’s dramatic landscapes. The rise and fall of voices mirror the mountains’ contours; the rhythm of drums echoes the 怒江’s rushing currents. Lisu people believe music is a gift from nature—even their lutes are carved from forest wood, their flutes from bamboo that grows by the river.
• A Language Without Words: Many songs are wordless “yo-dellings” (“哦得得” Ō Děi Děi), where trills and hums convey emotions too deep for language. Imagine standing in a valley at dawn, hearing a herder’s voice spiral into the mist—a sound that transcends translation, touching the soul directly.
• Living Culture in Action: Lisu folk songs aren’t just performed; they’re lived. At the 阔时节 (Kuò Shí Jié) New Year Festival, entire villages gather around bonfires, singing for days to bless the new year. During weddings, brides and grooms sing “婚俗调” (hūn sú diào), weaving vows into ancient melodies. It’s a culture where music is as essential as rice and fire.

🎶 How to Experience Lisu Folk Music in Nujiang

• Village Homestays: Stay in a Lisu “pula” house in Liuku (六库) or Fugong (福贡). After dinner, your host family might pull out their 口弦 and lute, inviting you to join a Bǎi Shí session. Don’t worry about language—smiles and clapping are universal!
• Festival Immersion: Time your visit for Kuò Shí Jié (December 20–23), where folk songs blend with dance, archery, and communal feasts. Watch as elders lead Mù Guā chants, their faces lit by firelight, or join young people in a Yōu Yè duet—even a simple “la-la-la” can feel like a shared secret.
• Nature Concerts: Hike to a mountain overlook near Gongshan (贡山) and listen for distant herders’ songs. The echo of their voices bouncing off the Gaoligong peaks is a concert more magical than any stadium show.
• Music Workshops: Some cultural centers in Liuku offer lessons in playing the 口弦 or learning basic Bǎi Shí verses. Mastering a simple melody isn’t just a skill—it’s a way to carry a piece of Nujiang’s soul home.

🌟 Let the Music Carry You

https://baike.baidu.com/item/傈僳族民歌/4781799

🌿 The Essence of Baishi: A Melody Woven into Daily Life

• Musical Tapestry: Baishi is characterized by its free-flowing rhythm and rich harmonies, with voices rising and falling like the Nu River’s currents. Performances often begin with a soloist’s call, answered by a chorus of villagers, creating a dialogue between individual emotion and collective spirit.
• Vocal Alchemy: Singers use a distinctive technique—cupping their hands around their ears to amplify resonance and add a haunting tremolo that echoes across the valleys. This “earthbound yodel” is both a practical adaptation to mountain acoustics and a poetic expression of Lisu identity.
• Lyric Mastery: Lyrics are crafted in seven-syllable lines, woven into verses that blend metaphor and everyday wisdom. A common refrain might compare love to a sturdy tree (“My love is as unshakable as the Gaoligong’s roots”) or labor to the river’s relentless flow (“Our hands till the earth like the Nu River tills its banks”).

🎶 Baishi in Context: From Rituals to Festivals

1. Zao Tang Hui (Bathhouse Festival): Held annually in spring, this grand event transforms the banks of the Nu River into a Open-air concert hall. Lisu people bathe in natural hot springs, then gather to sing Baishi for days, competing in duels of wit and melody. The festival’s climax is the “Song of the Valley,” where thousands of voices unite in a crescendo that shakes the mountains.
2. Kuoshi New Year: During this winter celebration, Baishi becomes a vehicle for storytelling. Elders recount creation myths and migration legends, while young people compose playful verses about courtship. The air hums with the pluck of the qībāen (Lisu lute) and the beat of bamboo drums, creating a festive rhythm that lasts into the night.
3. Daily Life: Baishi is sung while herding yaks, weaving cloth, or tilling terraced fields. A farmer might belt out a Baishi to ease the monotony of work, while a young lover could serenade their sweetheart from across a valley, their voice carrying over the river’s roar.

🌍 Why Baishi Captivates the World

• Harmony with Nature: Every note of Baishi is shaped by Nujiang’s dramatic landscapes. The trills of birds, the rush of waterfalls, and the sigh of mountain winds inspire its melodies. As a UNESCO report noted, “Baishi is nature’s own composition, performed by the people who know it best.”
• Cultural Preservation: Despite modern pressures, Baishi remains vital. Programs like the Lisu Folk Song Academy in Liuku City teach children to sing and compose Baishi, ensuring the tradition thrives. In 2006, Baishi was inscribed on China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List，a testament to its global significance.
• Universal Language: Baishi transcends words. Even without understanding the lyrics, listeners are moved by its raw emotion—joy, sorrow, resilience—that mirrors the human experience. A German tourist once described it as “hearing the heartbeat of an ancient civilization.”

🚶♂️ Experience Baishi for Yourself

• Join a Village Homestay: Stay with a Lisu family in villages like Laomudeng or Qiuna Tong. Wake up to the sound of Baishi floating through the mist, then learn to compose your own verses under the guidance of local elders.
• Attend the Zao Tang Hui: Plan your visit for February–March to witness the Bathhouse Festival’s Baishi competitions. Camp by the river, soak in hot springs, and lose yourself in the communal singing.
• Hike and Listen: Trek the Gaoligong Mountain trails near Fugong County. Along the way, you might encounter herders singing Baishi to their flocks—a serenade that feels like a secret shared with the mountains.

🌟 A Song Without End

Overview of the Festival:

• Chinese Name: 片马镇景颇族支系茶山人庆祝丰收的传统节日
• English Name: Harvest Celebration Festival of Chashan Ethnic People in Pianma Town of Lushui City, Nujiang
• Location: Pianma Town of Lushui City, Nujiang
• Time: From the 15th to the 20th day of the 10th month of the lunar calendar every year

The Harvest Celebration Festival of the Chashan Ethnic People, held in Pianma Town of Lushui City in Nujiang Prefecture, Yunnan, is a festive event that showcases the rich cultural heritage and agricultural traditions of the Chashan community. This celebration usually takes place in late autumn, coinciding with the harvest season, and serves as an opportunity for the Chashan people and visitors to come together and give thanks for the year’s harvest.

The festival is marked by colorful activities that reflect the unique customs, music, and traditions of the Chashan ethnic group, which is known for its vibrant culture and close ties to the land. The celebration is not only a time for festivity but also a way to strengthen community bonds and pass on cultural values to younger generations.

Key Activities:

1. Traditional Ceremonies: The festival often begins with rituals and ceremonies to express gratitude to ancestors and deities for the harvest. These may include offerings of food and other gifts, highlighting the importance of agriculture in Chashan culture.
2. Cultural Performances: Visitors can enjoy traditional music and dance performances that showcase the unique artistic expressions of the Chashan people. Folk songs, dances, and storytelling are integral parts of the celebration, often reflecting the community’s history and environment.
3. Food Festivities: The Harvest Celebration is also a gastronomic feast. Traditional dishes made from locally harvested ingredients are served, allowing participants to experience the flavors of Chashan cuisine. Special foods that signify good fortune and prosperity may be prepared as part of the celebrations.
4. Games and Competitions: Various games and contests may be organized to engage both locals and visitors. These activities often involve traditional sports, crafting competitions, and even cooking contests, fostering a spirit of camaraderie and fun.
5. Market Fair: The festival may also feature a market where local artisans and farmers showcase their products, including handicrafts, textiles, and seasonal produce. This not only supports local commerce but also allows visitors to take home a piece of Chashan culture.
6. Outdoor Activities: Given the stunning natural landscape of Nujiang, some festival-goers may engage in outdoor activities such as hiking or exploring the beautiful surroundings, enhancing their experience of the region’s natural beauty.

Cultural Significance:

The Harvest Celebration Festival is an important occasion for the Chashan people to share their traditions with the broader community, promoting cultural awareness and appreciation. It highlights the inseparable relationship between the Chashan people and their agricultural lifestyle, showcasing their resilience, creativity, and communal spirit.

Conclusion:

In summary, the Harvest Celebration Festival of the Chashan Ethnic People in Pianma Town is a vibrant and culturally rich event that encapsulates the essence of the Chashan community. Through its diverse activities, the festival not only celebrates the harvest but also strengthens cultural identity and community ties, making it a must-visit event for those interested in exploring the rich tapestry of ethnic cultures in Yunnan.

Basic Introduction of the Festival

• Chinese Name: 怒江贡山县傈僳族江沙埋情人节
• English Name: Sand Burying Lover Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority in Gongshan County, Nujiang
• Location: Gongshan County, Nujiang

“Burial of the Lover in the River Sand” is a traditional festival entertainment and courtship activity of the Lisu youth in Fugong County, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. It is held around the 4th and 5th day of the lunar New Year each year. During this time, young men and women gather by the banks of the Nu River to sing, dance, and play.

With the help of their companions, they dig a sand pit on the beach and “bury” their chosen partner, pretending to be extremely sad and crying, singing mourning songs and performing mourning dances. After the commotion, they then pull their chosen partner out of the pit. They believe that through this activity, they can express the sincerity and depth of their feelings for each other, and at the same time, “bury” the “death spirit” attached to their loved one, wishing for their health and longevity.

In addition to this activity, the Lisu youth in the Fugong area also hold a “Shooting Eggs on the Head” contest. During the competition, young men carry a quiver of arrows and use crossbows, with their loved one balancing a bowl on their head containing an egg (or a wooden bowl with rice and an egg inside) as the target, standing a few meters away. When the competition starts, the young man, calm and composed, draws the bowstring, nocks the arrow, and releases it with a “pop” sound as the egg bursts, while the loved one remains unharmed, prompting enthusiastic applause from the surrounding crowd.

This is an exhilarating and gripping contest that tests skill, courage, and genuine feelings. Naturally, less skilled young men would prefer to miss the egg rather than risk injuring their loved one.

Key Activities of the Festival

1. Traditional Rituals: The festival often begins with rituals to offer thanks to ancestors and nature spirits for a good harvest and blessings in love. Participants may engage in prayers and offerings, highlighting the connection between their cultural beliefs and daily life.
2. Sand Burying Ceremony: The main event of the festival involves young men and women gathering on the banks of a river or in a designated area, where they dig shallow pits in the sand. Young men will “bury” their beloved in the sand while expressing mock sorrow. This dramatic act symbolizes deep affection and the playful desire to rid their loved ones of any negative spirits or influences.
3. Singing and Dancing: There are many traditional songs and dances performed during the festival. These performances often include folk dances that showcase the Lisu people’s relationship with nature and their community. Participants wear traditional attire, adding color and vibrancy to the festivities.
4. Mourning Songs and Dances: During the burial ceremony, participants may perform mourning songs and dances, which, despite their somber theme, are intended to convey love and emotional connection. These performances highlight the cultural significance of expressing feelings in a communal setting.
5. Community Games and Competitions: In addition to the sand burying activity, various games and competitions are organized, encouraging participation from all community members. This can include traditional contests like archery or marksmanship, with the focus often on demonstrating skill and bravery.
6. Culinary Celebrations: Food plays a crucial role in the festival, as families and groups come together to prepare and share traditional Lisu dishes. The culinary aspects not only enhance the communal spirit but also offer a chance to enjoy the local flavors and celebrate the harvest.
7. Cultural Exchange: The festival serves as an opportunity for other ethnic groups and visitors to engage with the Lisu culture, fostering cultural exchange and understanding. This interaction helps preserve the festival’s significance and allows for the sharing of traditions.

Cultural Significance

The Sand Burying Lover Festival is not only a musical and artistic event but also a profound expression of love, community, and cultural identity for the Lisu people. Through these activities, the youth can engage in courtship rituals, build social connections, and reinforce community ties. The festival is an important way for the Lisu youth to navigate the complexities of love and relationships within the context of their cultural heritage.

Conclusion

In summary, the Sand Burying Lover Festival in Gongshan County is a vibrant celebration rich in cultural practices that reflect the Lisu ethnic group’s values and traditions. Through its various activities, the festival fosters a sense of community, respect for nature, and a deep appreciation for the bonds of love and friendship that underpin Lisu society.

Jiacuo Dance(甲搓舞) is the traditional dance of the Mosuo Ethnic Minority, who live in the mountains of Lugu Lake of Yunnan province. It is one of the Intangible Cultural Heritage in Yunnan, it is about Mosuo people’s daily life and ethnic cultural.

Jiacuo

Jiacuo Dance(甲搓舞) is the traditional dance of the Mosuo Ethnic Minority, who live in the mountains of Lugu Lake of Yunnan province. So-called Jiacuo(甲搓), Jia(甲)means good and beautiful; and Cuo(搓) means dance, so the complete meaning of Jiacuo is dance for good times.

Origin

The origin of Jiacuo Dance is related to war. It is said that when Mosuo people was attacked by foreign nationalities, the tribal leader, together with Mosuo people, set a fire on the square of the village entrance. People surrounded the fire, shouting and dancing, to encourage soldiers and defeated the enemy. After the victory, they sang around the fire and danced happily. As a result, Jiacuo Dance became a group entertainment square dance, a dance for people to celebrate harvest, festivals and pray for gods. It also provides convenience for young men and women to find the soul mate.

The Dance

The rhythm of Jiacuo Dance is strong, the step is vigorous and bold, cheerful and warm, the dance leader was accompanied by bamboo flute(竹笛) or Lusheng(芦笙), the dancing people were arm in arm, with fingers crossed with each other, facing the campfire, dance with counterclockwise direction. Their steps change with the speed of the music rhythm, sometimes someone will shout “Aruo, ruo(阿若、若)” with the rhythm of the steps. From time to time, the dance leader start to sing the Jiacuo Song(甲搓歌), then people followed him. While dancing, the girls’ white skirt floating with the step , silver chain in front of their chest shining, their black silk hair drifting, pearl string reflected the fire in front of their forehead. They are the graceful Mosuo girls.

No matter it is an ancient war dance, or a harvest dance, or a new year dance, the dance is always with cheerful and warm melody, vigorously and changeable steps, sometimes fast and sometimes slow, even there were hundreds or thousands people, the dance is always orderly. When it comes to festival, there were Jiacuo Dance. Mosuo people take the village as a unit, or several villages united, around the campfire, enjoy the dancing, singing, which often lasted all night.

Chinese Version: https://baike.baidu.com/item/甲搓舞/3397301?fr=aladdin
Translated by Emily-Wang/王海玲

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Overview of the Shugu Nisu Festival

• Chinese Name: 德钦县舒古尼苏节
• English Name: Shugu Nisu Festival or Fertilization Festival of Tibetan Ethnic Minority in Deqin County, Diqing
• Location: 迪庆藏族自治州德钦县云岭乡西当村/Xidang Village, Yunling Township, Deqen County, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

The Shugu Nisu Festival, also known as the Fertilization Festival, is a significant cultural celebration for the Tibetan ethnic minority in Deqin County, located within the Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province, China. This festival reflects the unique traditions, beliefs, and social practices of the Tibetan people in the region.

Signification

1. Cultural Significance: The Shugu Nisu Festival is primarily a celebration of fertility and abundance, marking the beginning of the agricultural season. It symbolizes hope for a fruitful harvest and prosperity for the community. The festival also serves as a time for community bonding and reinforcing cultural identity among the Tibetan people.
2. Timing: The festival is traditionally held in the spring, aligning with the planting season, when the community seeks blessings for their crops and livestock. The exact date may vary based on local customs and lunar calendar considerations.
3. Traditional Rituals: The festival begins with various rituals conducted by local spiritual leaders or lamas. These rituals may include prayers, offerings, and ceremonies aimed at appeasing deities and seeking their blessings for fertility in both agriculture and life.
4. Colorful Celebrations: The Shugu Nisu Festival is marked by vibrant celebrations that feature traditional music, dance, and costumes. Community members dressed in traditional Tibetan attire gather to participate in lively performances that often depict local legends, daily life, and the deep connection to nature.
5. Agricultural Practices: During the festival, traditional agricultural practices and games are demonstrated, reflecting the importance of farming in the culture and economy of the Tibetan community. This may include planting demonstrations, animal husbandry showcases, and competitions that highlight skills related to agriculture.
6. Community Engagement: The festival encourages community engagement and social interactions, bringing together families and neighbors. This is a time for connections to be strengthened, marriages to be celebrated, and friendships to be formed. It serves as an opportunity for younger generations to learn about their cultural heritage and connect with elders.
7. Culinary Aspects: Food plays a vital role in the Shugu Nisu Festival, with families preparing traditional dishes to share with neighbors and friends. Foods might include tsampa (barley flour), local dairy products, and other regional delicacies, reflecting the agricultural products of the area.

The Shugu Nisu Festival in Deqin County is more than just an agricultural celebration; it is a profound expression of Tibetan culture, community spirit, and spirituality. It offers a time for reflection on the interconnectedness of the environment, agriculture, and the community’s way of life. By participating in this festival, the Tibetan people of Deqin preserve their rich traditions while also fostering unity and hope for a prosperous future.

Overview of the Festival

• Chinese Name: 傈僳族拖乡批节
• English Name: Tuoxiangpi Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority in Deqin and Weixi, Diqing
• Location: Deqin and Weixi, Diqing

The Deqen Xiaruo Lisu Ethnic Township, the Tuoding Lisu Ethnic Township, and some Lisu people in Weixi hold the Tuo Xiang Pi Festival, a collective worship of mountain gods, every year on the 15th day of the seventh lunar month. The Tuo Xiang Pi Festival is one of the most ethnically distinctive traditional festivals. The entertainment activities during the festival mainly include bullfighting, sheep fighting, and horse racing competitions to select the ‘Bull King,’ ‘Sheep King,’ and ‘Fast Horse’ contestants. This festival is deeply rooted in the traditions and customs of the Lisu people and showcases their connection to their natural environment and spiritual beliefs.

1. Cultural Significance: The Tuoxiangpi Festival is primarily a collective worship event dedicated to mountain gods. It embodies the Lisu people’s reverence for nature and their traditional agricultural lifestyle, reflecting their hopes for a good harvest and protection from natural disasters.
2. Timing: The festival takes place annually on the 15th day of the seventh lunar month, a time when the agricultural season is at a critical juncture. This timing allows the community to come together and seek blessings for the crops and livestock.
3. Rituals and Ceremonies: Central to the Tuoxiangpi Festival are the rituals performed to honor mountain deities. Local shamans or spiritual leaders conduct these ceremonies, which may include offerings of food, incense, and prayers. These rituals not only seek divine favor but also reinforce communal bonds.
4. Traditional Competitions: The festival is famous for its lively and exciting competitions. Among the most popular events are bullfighting, sheep fighting, and horse racing. These competitions serve as both entertainment and a means to display the skills and bravery of the participants.
   • Bullfighting: A highlight where specially selected bulls compete against each other.
   • Sheep Fighting: A culturally significant contest showcasing the strength and agility of specially trained sheep.
   • Horse Racing: Riders compete on fast horses, with the title of ‘Fast Horse’ awarded to the winner.
5. Community Participation: The festival fosters a spirit of unity and cooperation among community members. Families and neighbors gather to celebrate, exchange food, and participate in various activities. It is also an opportunity for the younger generation to learn about their cultural heritage and engage with elders.
6. Culinary Traditions: Food plays an essential role in the festival. Families prepare traditional dishes that are shared among community members, enhancing the festive atmosphere and reinforcing social ties. Dishes often feature local ingredients and showcase the Lisu culinary heritage.
7. Cultural Performances: Alongside competitions, the festival features traditional music and dance performances that highlight Lisu culture. Participants may wear traditional attire, adding color and vibrancy to the celebrations.

Local Activities of the Festival

1. Rituals and Ceremonial Offerings

• Worship of Mountain Gods: The festival begins with rituals conducted by local shamans. These rituals often involve offerings to mountain deities, including food, incense, and symbolic items to seek blessings for prosperity, health, and good harvests.
• Prayers and Songs: Traditional prayers and songs are performed to honor the deities and ancestors, creating a spiritual atmosphere that reinforces the community’s cultural identity.

2. Traditional Competitions

• Bullfighting: One of the main attractions, this contest features bulls that compete head-to-head. Enthusiastic spectators cheer for their favorite bulls, and the event is a display of strength and animal prowess.
• Sheep Fighting: This unique event showcases specially trained sheep as they compete against each other. It is both entertaining and a demonstration of breeding skills.
• Horse Racing: Riders race on horseback, vying for the title of “Fast Horse.” This competition emphasizes the importance of horses in Lisu culture, both as a mode of transport and as valuable livestock.

3. Cultural Performances

• Traditional Music and Dance: Throughout the festival, various performances of folk music and traditional dances take place. Local musicians often play traditional instruments, creating an atmosphere filled with lively rhythms.
• Costumed Performances: Participants may don colorful traditional attire, showcasing Lisu heritage and adding visual spectacle to the celebrations.

4. Culinary Activities

• Shared Feasting: Families prepare traditional Lisu dishes using local ingredients. Food plays a central role in the festivities, and community members often share meals, promoting fellowship and unity.
• Culinary Competitions: There may also be competitions to showcase the best dishes, where local chefs or home cooks present their culinary skills to the community.

5. Community Games and Entertainment

• Sports Activities: In addition to traditional competitions, the festival often features various games and sports, including tug-of-war, races, and other fun contests that engage all ages.
• Craft Exhibitions: Local artisans may showcase their crafts, including traditional weaving, embroidery, and other hand-made goods, allowing visitors to appreciate and purchase Lisu handicrafts.

6. Social Gatherings

• Storytelling and Sharing: Elders often share stories, myths, and legends of the Lisu people, imparting cultural knowledge to younger generations. This oral tradition is vital for preserving the community’s history and values.
• Community Bonding: The festival is a time for families and neighbors to come together, strengthening social ties and reinforcing a sense of belonging.

Overview of the Festival

• Chinese Name:香格里拉格冬节
• English Name: Gedong Festival of Tibetan Ethnic Minority in Shangri-La City, Diqing
• Location:Shangri-La City, Diqing

The “Gedong” Festival is held on the 29th day of the 12th month in the lunar calendar in Zhongdian (with different dates for various temples in Deqin). The term “Gedong” in Tibetan signifies a gathering for a feast with nine different types of food. It is also the most grand and solemn event in the lama temples, known as the mask dance. The temples have dedicated choreography for the entire performance, accompanied by instruments such as the suona (a traditional horn), big cymbals, trombones, human bone horns, and white conch shells. The music is deep and solemn. Dancers hold various props, representing deities, and the performance is visually stunning. Large numbers of Tibetans, sometimes reaching five to six thousand people, gather at the temple for the festival, making it a grand event.

Local Activities During the Gedong Festival

1. Religious Rituals and Ceremonies

• Offering Ceremonies: The festival begins with traditional offerings to deities and ancestors, which may include food, drink, and incense. This is an important aspect that seeks blessings for health, prosperity, and a successful harvest in the coming year.
• Chanting and Prayers: Monks and locals often gather in temples to perform chants and prayers, reinforcing their spiritual connections during this auspicious time.

2. Mask Dances

• Sacred Mask Dance (Cham Dance): One of the highlights of the Gedong Festival is the cham dance, performed by monks in colorful, ornate costumes and masks. This ritual dance symbolizes the triumph of good over evil and is accompanied by traditional music, creating a captivating atmosphere.
• Choreographed Performances: Temples often have specific choreographies passed down through generations, and the dances are both a form of storytelling and a means of spiritual expression.

3. Music and Instrumentation

• Traditional Instruments: Live music is an integral part of the festival, featuring traditional Tibetan instruments such as the suona (similar to a double-reed horn), dahuo (a kind of flute), long trumpet, and drums. The music is generally deep and solemn, setting a reverent tone for the festivities.
• Community Singing: Local folk songs may also be performed, focusing on themes of love, nature, and community.

4. Culinary Feasts

• Gathering for Meals: Families and community members prepare and share traditional dishes, including tsampa (roasted barley flour), butter tea, and other local specialties. The act of sharing food brings people together, reinforcing communal bonds.
• Feasting with Nine Foods: The name “Gedong” refers to a gathering feast that typically includes nine different types of food, symbolizing abundance and sharing.

5. Cultural Exhibitions

• Artisan Markets: Local artisans may set up stalls to sell handmade crafts, traditional clothing, and jewelry. These markets offer a chance for visitors to appreciate Tibetan craftsmanship and acquire unique souvenirs.
• Storytelling and Oral Traditions: Elders often partake in storytelling, sharing myths, legends, and historical anecdotes that are vital to preserving the cultural heritage of the Tibetan community.

6. Community Games and Sports

• Traditional Sports: The festival can include various games and competitions that may involve traditional Tibetan sports, showcasing skills and fostering a spirit of camaraderie among community members.
• Horse Riding and Races: Horse-related activities may also be featured, reflecting the importance of horses in Tibetan culture.

Overview of the Xianzi Festival

• Chinese Name: 德钦县弦子节
• English Name: Xianzi Festival of Tibetan Ethnic Minority in Deqin County, Diqing
• Location: Deqin County, Diqing

The Xianzi Festival is a vibrant and culturally significant event that reflects the rich traditions and communal spirit of the Tibetan people. This festival, typically held in the summer, coincides with the period of growth and abundance in the region, making it an important celebration for local communities. The Xianzi Festival, also known as the “Singing and Dancing Festival,” showcases the deep connection of the Tibetan people to their culture, spirituality, and the natural environment. It usually lasts several days and is a time for reconnecting with traditions, celebrating the community, and paying homage to nature.

Key Activities During the Xianzi Festival

1. Religious Ceremonies

• Ritual Offerings: The festival typically begins with religious ceremonies, where offerings are made at local monasteries and sacred sites. This may include the burning of incense, offerings of tsampa (roasted barley flour), and butter tea, aimed at seeking blessings for health and prosperity.
• Prayers and Chanting: Monks and community members engage in prayers and chants, which are integral to the spiritual atmosphere of the festival.

2. Traditional Music and Dance

• Folk Singing and Dancing: The Xianzi Festival is renowned for its lively musical performances and traditional dance. Locals participate in folk dances that express joy and unity, often performed in groups. The dances are accompanied by traditional Tibetan instruments like the drum, long trumpet, and string instruments, creating a festive and energetic ambiance.
• Dressed in Traditional Attire: Participants often wear traditional Tibetan clothing, enhancing the visual spectacle of the festival and showcasing the unique styles of various local communities.

3. Culinary Celebrations

• Community Feasting: A significant aspect of the Xianzi Festival is the communal sharing of food. Families prepare an array of traditional dishes, which may include yak meat, dairy products, and various vegetable dishes. The act of sharing food strengthens community bonds and reflects the festival’s spirit of togetherness.
• Specialty Foods and Beverages: Special dishes and beverages are served, including butter tea and local wines, which are integral to Tibetan hospitality.

4. Cultural Exhibitions

• Art and Craft Displays: Local artisans often showcase their crafts during the festival, including handmade textiles, jewelry, thangka paintings, and other traditional crafts. These markets provide tourists and attendees with an opportunity to appreciate Tibetan artistry and heritage.
• Storytelling Sessions: Elders may also participate by sharing traditional stories and folklore, passing down cultural knowledge and values to younger generations.

5. Sports and Games

• Traditional Sports Competitions: The festival often features traditional Tibetan sports, such as horse racing, archery, and tug-of-war. These activities are not only entertaining but also foster a sense of competition and camaraderie among participants.
• Dancing Competitions: In addition to traditional dances, competition-style performances may be held, encouraging creative expression and friendly rivalry.

Conclusion

The Xianzi Festival stands as a testament to the rich cultural heritage of the Tibetan ethnic minority in Deqin County. Through a variety of religious, artistic, and social activities, the festival fosters a sense of community and celebrates the unique traditions of the Tibetan people. It serves as a vital opportunity for cultural exchange, community bonding, and the expression of joy and gratitude towards nature and spiritual beliefs, making it a cherished event in the calendar of local festivities.

Kena Village (柯那村) is located in Tacheng Town (塔城镇), Weixi Lisu Autonomous County (维西傈僳族自治县), Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (迪庆藏族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省), situated in the vertical valley zone of the Hengduan Mountains (横断山脉) and the core area of the World Natural Heritage site “Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan” (三江并流).
Tacheng Town is bordered by Wujing Township (五境乡) and Shangjiang Township (上江乡) of Shangri-La City (香格里拉市) to the east across the Jinsha River (金沙江), by Tacheng Township (塔城乡) of Yulong County (玉龙县) to the southeast, Yongchun Township (永春乡) to the south, Kangpu Township (康普乡), Baijixun Township (白济汛乡), and Pantian’ge Township (攀天阁乡) to the west and southwest, and by Tuoding Township (拖顶乡) and Xiaruo Township (霞若乡) of Deqin County (德钦县) to the north.
Kena Village is 7 kilometers from the Tacheng Town government seat.

Cultural and Historical Background

Kena (柯那) is a Tibetan name meaning “large whirlpool pond.” Before the founding of the People’s Republic of China, it was part of the Kena administrative unit under Zhongpu Township (宗普乡).
It was designated as Kena Village in 1950, renamed Kena Township in 1954, became the Kena Management Area of Tacheng Commune in 1958, reverted to Kena Township in 1962, and was renamed Kena Brigade in 1969. In 1984, the name Kena Township was reinstated, later changed to Kena Village Community under Tacheng Township in 1988. In 2001, it was restructured into Kena Villagers’ Committee, which remains in use today.
In September 2020, Kena Village was selected as part of the first batch of provincial-level Forest Villages in Yunnan Province.

Folk Customs

Kena Village and its surrounding areas are inhabited by various ethnic minorities, including Tibetans (藏族), Naxi (纳西族), and Lisu (傈僳族) peoples. These cultures have blended to form unique local folk traditions.
Traditional performances such as the Reba Dance (热巴舞) and the Lisu dance “Achimu Gua” (阿尺木刮) are still practiced.
Cultural heritage sites near the village include the Cave of Master Bodhidharma (达摩祖师洞) and the Tongle Lisu Residential Architecture Complex (同乐傈僳族民居建筑群).

Weather and Best Visiting Time

Tacheng Town lies in a low-latitude plateau and enjoys a subtropical to temperate monsoon mountain climate, characterized by significant altitudinal climate variation.
The annual average temperature is around 15°C, with about 850 mm of annual rainfall.
The best times to visit are during spring and autumn, when the climate is pleasant and the scenery at its most beautiful.

Recommended Attractions

Traditional Houses in Kena Village (柯那村)

Experience the unique architecture and cultural charm of ethnic Tibetan-style homes.

Lapu River (腊普河)

A scenic tributary of the Jinsha River (金沙江) flowing through the heart of Tacheng Town.

Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkey National Park (滇金丝猴国家公园)

Tacheng Town is a crucial habitat for the endangered Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (滇金丝猴), and visitors can observe this rare species up close.

Suggested Duration for Each Destination

• Kena Village (柯那村): 1 day to immerse in local folk culture.
• Lapu River (腊普河): Half a day for scenic exploration.
• Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkey National Park (滇金丝猴国家公园): 1 day to observe rare wildlife.

Transportation

By Car

From Weixi County (维西县), drive via main roads to Tacheng Town (塔城镇), then on to Kena Village (柯那村). The total distance is about 80 kilometers.

By Public Transport

Take a bus from the Weixi County Bus Station to Tacheng Town and transfer to local transport to reach Kena Village.

Local Cuisine

• Weixi Hundred Flowers Honey (维西百花蜜): A local specialty known for its rich and smooth flavor.
• Bise Meat (琵瑟肉): A distinctive Lisu (傈僳族) dish with a unique taste.
• Clear Soup Fish (清汤鱼): Made from fresh fish from the Lancang River (澜沧江), offering a delicious and light flavor.

Shopping

• Ethnic Handicrafts: Such as wooden bowls and tsampa boxes (糌粑盒), full of cultural charm.
• Weixi Walnuts (维西核桃): A high-quality local specialty, perfect as souvenirs.

Accommodation

Tibetan-style guesthouses are available in and around Kena Village, offering comfortable stays and an opportunity to experience authentic Tibetan hospitality.

Travel Tips

• Respect Local Customs: When visiting, please honor the religious beliefs and traditions of local ethnic communities.
• Protect the Environment: Kena Village maintains a pristine ecological environment—please travel responsibly.
• Travel Safety: The roads leading to the village are winding and rugged—caution is advised when driving.

Itinerary Suggestion

• Day 1: Arrive in Kena Village, explore traditional houses, enjoy ethnic culture, and taste local cuisine.
• Day 2: Visit Lapu River in the morning for scenic views, then head to Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkey National Park in the afternoon for wildlife observation.
• Day 3: Return to Weixi County or continue on to other destinations.

Kena Village (柯那村) is a culturally rich and ethnically diverse destination ideal for travelers interested in folk traditions and natural beauty. Here, you’ll experience the warmth of the local people and the unique charm of ancient cultures.
May your journey to Kena Village be filled with unforgettable moments and meaningful experiences.

For Chinese version please go to:
http://www.sohu.com/a/156295348_248772

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