Chinese Name:纳西族拟兽舞
English Name: Nishou Dance of Naxi Ethnic Minority
在纳西族地区流传的“拟兽舞”相传系由内地传来。明末清初之时，孔子第六十六代孙孔熙询到丽江建孔庙、兴孔学之时，将此舞蹈整套带至丽江，并“顺携专门艺人操之”，今已成为纳西人民喜闻乐见的民间舞蹈。每逢春节期间，在锣、镲、鼓的伴奏下，都要跳这类舞蹈。它以动物的形状制成大型道具，人们拿着或披挂起来舞动。
在纳西族地区流传的“拟兽舞”相传系由内地传来。明末清初之时，孔子第六十六代孙孔熙询到丽江建孔庙、兴孔学之时，将此舞蹈整套带至丽江，并“顺携专门艺人操之”，今已成为纳西人民喜闻乐见的民间舞蹈。每逢春节期间，在锣、镲、鼓的伴奏下，都要跳这类舞蹈。它以动物的形状制成大型道具，人们拿着或披挂起来舞动。
1.耍龙(龙蹉)：
流传在丽江坝区，除在春节表演外，过去天干地旱时，也作求雨之舞。
龙的全身共十二节，用白布画上龙纹箍在插有木捧的圆木桶上。
跳时由“夜明珠”引路，舞的花样由“夜明珠”灵活掌握。在舞时，用虾、蟹、云等为前导，加上打击乐及大管吹奏，并放出烟火，好似巨龙游动在云波雾海之中，十分壮观。
据说，过去舞龙时众人用水泼之，一是游龙戏水之意，二是检验舞者是否有真功夫。
2.狮子舞(狮子蹉)
这种狮舞分一雌、一雄，在全部狮舞中，以“双狮争绣球”、“白鹤戏双狮”等较为精彩。 其他还有：“狮身直立”、“双狮嘻戏”、“双狮滚体”、“狮上高台”、“鹤戏眠狮”、“双狮动怒”等。
3.麒麟舞(麒麟蹉)：
云南省丽江一带纳西族民间传统节日，每年农历腊月除夕至正月十六日举行，节期约半月。麒麟舞为云南省丽江纳西族大型舞蹈，其布局是以麒麟、凤凰为主，以各种动物为辅。
演出的刀具是用竹子编成。演员也都是很有经验的人。除夕之夜，纳西族围坐在空场周围，空场中央放置一个方桌，四周燃起花灯，在锣鼓和鞭炮声中演出开始。先由“阿普寿星”开场，祝福人寿年丰。第二场，云蒸霞蔚，花马奔腾，祝贺新年。第三场，鹿鹤同春。第四场麟凤呈祥。最后，夫妇放牛，取六畜兴旺之意。在正月十六日晚，举行盛大送麒麟仪式，将演出所用刀具全部焚烧，以示麟凤返回天国，来年新春再度佳节。此节日习俗近年日盛。
它分别以几段舞蹈组成。即“彩云南观”它是由女童们双手拿着用竹编扎，用纸糊染色而成的一对彩云片，在滇锣、镲、鼓等打击乐的节奏中跳出。以“一堵云”、“散云”、“带云”……等，形状舞蹈，最后以“云开”为结束。“寿星祝福”：彩云开处，寿星着面具，手柱拐杖出场。用“扫地”、“漱洗”、“拜天地”、“牧小花马”等舞蹈表演，十分诙谐、可爱。“花马报晓”：在寿星的吆喝声中，在打击乐伴奏声中，小花马上场。小花马由童男扮演，他们身着用竹编、纸糊、画成马状的道具，分前后两截系在胸部、背部。动作有“花马欢跃”、“花马嘻戏”、“花马戏寿星”……等。充分体现出了儿童天真、活泼的性格。“鹿鹤同春”：它由“寿星驯鹿”、“鹿戏寿星”、“寿星饲鹤”、“鹤戏寿星”、“鹿鹤欢舞”等舞蹈动作组成。画面调度较大，情节变化多样。“麒凤呈样”：由“麒眠”、“麒童唤麒”、“麒麟望月”、“凤凰戏麒麟”、“麒凤呈要”……等组成。整个舞蹈显得五彩缤纷，场面宏大。
http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1604227576923635125&wfr=spider&for=pc
Chinese Name:纳西族淡灰节
English Name: Danhui (Beginning of Summer) Festival of Naxi Ethnic Minority
纳西族淡灰节又称“立夏节”，云南省纳西族的传统节日，每年立夏日举行。
纳西族人民认为，立夏一到，躲在洞穴中的蛇虫就陆续出洞了，为了防止毒蛇害虫进屋，举行泼灰活动。传说，远古时代，龙和人类是同父异母的兄弟。兄弟分家时，天父地母把陆地分给了人类，把水域分给了龙，由于陆地生存的水源由龙控制，所以人类必须进行祭祀，祈求龙赐福，大象山里住着一个山主，因为虔诚的祭祀龙，他的牧场风调雨顺。一次，山主向龙精灵变成的彩链蛇撒灶灰、吐唾沫而得罪了龙，结果天地干裂，灾害连年，从此人们知道毒蛇害怕灶灰，于是，每年立夏日就在住地撒上灶灰，避免蛇虫进屋伤害人，后来便成了今天的拨灰节。
节日期间，纳西族白天唱调子，进行社交活动，并举行其他的一些娱乐活动，如摔跤、斗牛等。到了晚上，人们便拿起火把，庆祝节日。青年们拿着火把窜田埂、绕山路，边歌边舞，直到深夜。
Chinese Name:纳西族火把节
English Name: Torch Festival of Naxi Ethnic Minority
纳西族的火把节依照古规从农历六月二十四日起，到农历六月二十七日结束。纳西族的家家户户每天门前都要点一支柱子般又粗又长的大火把。每天晚上寨子里的青年们都拿着又细又长的火把，沿着田埂、山路，边走边唱，直到深夜。
习俗
纳西族的家家户户每天门前都要点一支柱子般又粗又长的大火把。每天晚上寨子里的青年们都拿着又细又长的火把，沿着田埂、山路，边走边唱，直到深夜。
民间传说
相传很久很久以前，天上的玉皇大帝怕地上的晦气冲上来，下令把天门长闭不开。可是不久，十八层天游腻了，仙境看烦了。一天他实在憋不住了，下旨打开天门，想看看人间的景致到底如何。天门一开，春风习习，只见人间绿水青山，百花争奇斗艳，玉皇大帝看得心驰神往，烦恼顿消。
玉皇大帝把人间看了个够，又转身看看天宫，顿时气得吹胡子瞪眼睛：“怎么我的天宫竟然比不上凡间了，这还得了？”边说便下旨，叫红面天神把人间统统烧光。
掌火的红面天神领旨后，腾云驾雾来到凡间。他并没有马上放火，先巡视一番，看到凡间一派欣欣向荣的景象，和天宫的生活没法比。掌火天神爱上了凡间，他不忍心烧毁这美丽的人间，不忍心摧残善良的百姓。虽然，他知道违反玉皇大帝的旨意定有杀身之祸，但他要避恶行善，宁可牺牲自己，也不能执行玉皇大帝的旨意。主意一定，他便返回天庭，向玉皇大帝撒谎道：“人间已经烧成灰烬。”玉皇大帝听了非常高兴：“哈哈，现在我的天宫远胜人间了。”
隔了好久，玉皇大帝又觉得厌烦起来，他想看看被烧毁的人间。他又在仙姬们的陪伴下来到天门前，可是一看，他几乎要发疯了。人间不但没有被烧毁，反而更加繁荣昌盛，幸福美满了。他知道红面天神违背了旨意，一怒之下，叫左右诸神把掌火天神捆了起来，推出去处死他。
掌火天神被杀时，一滴血溅出天门，落到大地上，滴在雪山脚下村寨旁边的一座庙里。有个和尚看见了这滴血，就小心地用红布把它包了起来，搁在殿里。
六月二十四日那天傍晚，人们刚从田里收工回来，突然从庙里跑出一个小娃娃，拦住人们哭诉道：“专横残暴的玉皇大帝嫉妒人间的美好，今晚要派天兵天将下来烧毁凡间。你们赶快在门前点起火把，一连点三个晚上，点得越旺越好。这样用假火瞒过玉皇大帝，他和天兵天将们看见人间已经在烧了，就不会在下凡来捣乱了。”
这个小娃娃就是掌火天神的心血变成的。善良的人们相信了他的话，就按照他的方法，纷纷点起火把，男女老少都舞起火把，一连三天三夜，火光冲天。玉皇大帝看了三个晚上，看到人间一片火海，才放心的回天宫去了。
人们终于躲过了一场劫难。人们为了纪念这件事，表示对掌火天神的敬意，每到六月二十四日就要扎火把，点火把。久而久之，就成了现在的火把节。
http://www.sohu.com/a/108080834_395844
Geographical Location
The Naxi Dragon King Temple Fair (纳西族龙王庙会) is usually held by the Black Dragon Pool (黑龙潭) in Lijiang County, Yunnan Province (云南丽江县城), within the present-day “Yuquan Park” (玉泉公园). Lijiang (丽江) is located in the northwestern part of Yunnan Province (云南省西北部), on the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau (青藏高原东南缘), in the Yunnan-Northwest Plateau (滇西北高原), and in the middle reaches of the Jinsha River (金沙江中游). It is bordered by the Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (迪庆藏族自治州) to the north, the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (大理白族自治州) to the south, the Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture (怒江傈僳族自治州) to the west, and it is adjacent to the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture (四川凉山彝族自治州) and Panzhihua City (攀枝花市) of Sichuan Province to the east. With its superior geographical location and convenient transportation, Lijiang (丽江) is surrounded by magnificent natural landscapes. The majestic Jade Dragon Snow Mountain (玉龙雪山) stands tall, and the Jinsha River (金沙江) winds through the area, adding a unique regional charm to the temple fair. Inside Yuquan Park (玉泉公园), ancient trees tower over the land, the pond water is crystal clear, and pavilions and towers are scattered in an orderly fashion, creating a unique scene that contrasts with the bustling temple fair.
History and Culture
The Naxi Dragon King Temple Fair (纳西族龙王庙会) has a long history and is closely related to the Naxi people’s worship of nature and their belief in the Dragon King (龙王). In Naxi traditional culture, the Dragon King (龙王) is believed to control water sources, which are vital for agricultural irrigation and daily life. According to legends, the Dragon King (龙王) can summon wind and rain and protect the local area from harm. Therefore, around the 15th day of the third lunar month every year, Naxi people gather together to hold a grand temple fair to worship the Dragon King (龙王) and pray for favorable weather and a bountiful harvest. Over time, the temple fair has evolved into a gathering for material exchange among various ethnic groups. It is not only a way for the Naxi people to express their awe and gratitude towards nature but also promotes economic and cultural exchanges between different ethnic groups. During the fair, ancient legends are passed down orally among the crowd, continuing the ancestors’ respect for nature and their aspiration for a better life.
Folklore and Features
Sacrificial Ceremony
During the temple fair, the sacrificial ceremony is solemn and sacred. Naxi men and women, dressed in their colorful traditional costumes, hold flowers and offerings and march towards the sacrificial site in整齐的步伐. The exquisite embroidery patterns on their costumes, such as sun, moon, stars, flowers, birds, fish, and insects, contain the cultural connotations and good wishes of the Naxi people. The chief priest places the offerings on the altar, lights the incense and candles, and worships the Dragon King (龙王) devoutly, murmuring prayers for protection. The crowd then takes turns to offer incense, expressing their respect for the Dragon King (龙王) and their hopes for the future. The entire sacrificial process is full of ritual, reflecting the Naxi people’s adherence to traditional culture.
Folk Performances
Dongba Dance (东巴舞)
As a traditional Naxi dance, Dongba Dance (东巴舞) is wonderfully performed at the temple fair. The dancers have agile postures and movements that combine strength and grace. They hold ritual instruments and dance in rhythm with unique drumbeats and music. The dance movements imitate various aspects of nature, such as birds soaring, horses galloping, and trees swaying, reflecting the Naxi people’s concept of harmonious coexistence with nature. Dongba Dance (东巴舞) is not only entertaining but also a form of religious expression, carrying forward the ancient beliefs of the Naxi people.
Naxi Ancient Music (纳西古乐)
The melodious and mysterious performance of Naxi Ancient Music (纳西古乐) is a highlight of the temple fair. Band members, dressed in traditional costumes, play ancient instruments such as Sigu Duto (苏古笃), curved-neck pipa (曲项琵琶), and Naxi huqin (纳西胡琴). The repertoire includes both the Dongjing music originating from Central Plains and local Naxi folk tunes. The music has an ancient and elegant melody with a long-lasting charm, as if it could penetrate time and space, allowing people to experience the allure of the ancient Naxi civilization. During the performance, the audience is immersed in the music, enjoying this unique artistic experience.
Specialties
Roasted Rushan (烤乳扇)
Roasted Rushan (烤乳扇) is a Naxi specialty snack that can be found everywhere at the temple fair. The Rushan is grilled over charcoal fire until it expands and changes color, then brushed with rose syrup or white sugar, emitting a fragrant aroma. The roasted Rushan has a crispy texture, is sweet but not greasy, and combines the rich flavor of dairy products with the sweetness of rose syrup, leaving a lasting impression.
Lijiang Baba (丽江粑粑)
Lijiang Baba (丽江粑粑) comes in sweet and savory flavors. The sweet Baba is filled with rose syrup, red bean paste, etc., with a crispy outer skin and sweet inner filling; the savory Baba includes ingredients like scallions and ham, with a salty and fragrant taste. Made from high-quality local wheat flour, Lijiang Baba (丽江粑粑) goes through several processes, including kneading, resting, rolling, and filling, before being pan-fried. Its golden color and enticing aroma make it one of the favorite foods of tourists during the temple fair.
Weather and Best Time to Visit
Weather Conditions
Lijiang (丽江) has a low-latitude warm temperate plateau monsoon climate (低纬暖温带高原山地季风气候). In March, it is spring, and the weather is gradually warming up, with an average temperature between 10℃ and 20℃, making it quite comfortable. However, the weather in Lijiang (丽江) is changeable, and there is a significant temperature difference between day and night, so it is necessary to keep warm when going out in the morning and evening. At this time, there is relatively less precipitation, and it is mostly sunny with bright sunshine, suitable for outdoor activities. However, the weather in the mountainous areas can change quickly, and occasional showers may occur, so it is advisable to bring an umbrella just in case.
Best Time to Visit
The temple fair usually lasts for about a week. The days around the 15th day of the third lunar month are the climax of the fair, when activities are the most abundant and the atmosphere is the liveliest. This is the best time to visit. During this period, you can witness the complete sacrificial ceremony, enjoy wonderful folk performances, taste various specialties, and participate in material exchange activities, fully experiencing the charm of the temple fair. If you have more time, you can also arrive in Lijiang (丽江) a few days before or after the fair to visit surrounding attractions and get a feel for the local customs and traditions.
Sightseeing Recommendations
Black Dragon Pool Park (黑龙潭公园)
As the venue for the temple fair, Black Dragon Pool Park (黑龙潭公园) has beautiful scenery. The pond water is crystal clear, reflecting the majestic figure of Jade Dragon Snow Mountain (玉龙雪山), creating the beautiful scene of “snow mountain reflected in the pond.” Ancient trees tower over the pond, and pavilions and towers are scattered in an orderly fashion. Strolling along the paths in the park, you can admire various flowers and plants, with different scenery in each season. During the temple fair, the park is filled with stalls, a wide variety of goods, and a bustling crowd. In addition to participating in the fair activities, you can also take photos in the park to create lasting memories.
Lijiang Ancient Town (丽江古城)
Not far from Black Dragon Pool Park (黑龙潭公园) is the Lijiang Ancient Town (丽江古城), a World Cultural Heritage site (世界文化遗产) with unique Naxi architectural style. The streets in the ancient town are built along the mountains and rivers, paved with red conglomerate, and the houses are mostly made of earth and wood, combining the characteristics of Central Plains architecture and Naxi architecture. Walking through the alleys of the ancient town, you can feel the strong ethnic atmosphere. There are various specialty shops along the streets, selling ethnic handicrafts, clothing, and food. At night, the ancient town is brightly lit, with bustling bars and restaurants, forming a stark contrast to the quiet and simple daytime.
Jade Dragon Snow Mountain (玉龙雪山)
Jade Dragon Snow Mountain (玉龙雪山) is the sacred mountain of the Naxi people and a symbolic scenic spot in Lijiang (丽江). It consists of 13 continuous peaks, resembling a giant dragon soaring and dancing, hence the name. The snow on the mountain never melts throughout the year, and under the sunlight, it shines with a silvery light, creating a magnificent view. Visitors can take a cable car to climb the mountain and enjoy the alpine meadows, primeval forests, glaciers, and other landscapes. At the foot of the mountain, there are also attractions such as Blue Moon Valley (蓝月谷) and Ganhaizi (甘海子). The water in Blue Moon Valley (蓝月谷) is as blue as a gemstone, and under the sunlight, it displays a dreamlike color.
Transportation Guide
External Transportation (外部交通)
By air: Lijiang Sanyi International Airport (丽江三义国际机场) is the main air gateway to Lijiang (丽江), with direct flights to many cities in China, such as Beijing (北京), Shanghai (上海), Guangzhou (广州), Shenzhen (深圳), Chengdu (成都), Kunming (昆明), etc. From the airport to Lijiang city center, you can take the airport shuttle bus, which has several routes available, with fares generally ranging from 20 to 30 yuan. You can also take a taxi, which costs about 80 to 100 yuan.
By train: Lijiang Station (丽江站) has trains to and from Kunming (昆明), Dali (大理), and other places. The train journey from Kunming (昆明) to Lijiang (丽江) takes about 4 to 5 hours. After arriving at Lijiang Station (丽江站), you can take a bus to the city center. There are several bus routes available, with fares generally at 1 to 2 yuan. You can also take a taxi, which costs about 30 to 50 yuan to the city center.
In-City Transportation
By bus: Lijiang’s (丽江) bus network is well-developed, and you can take a bus to Black Dragon Pool Park (黑龙潭公园). You can check the specific bus routes through mobile map navigation apps. The bus fare is generally 1 to 2 yuan. However, during the temple fair, buses may be crowded due to the large number of people.
By taxi/ride-hailing car: Taking a taxi or ride-hailing car is a convenient option for traveling within the city. The starting fare for a taxi is generally 8 to 10 yuan, with subsequent charges based on distance and time. During the temple fair, it may be necessary to wait in line for a taxi due to the high volume of people, so it is recommended to book a ride-hailing car in advance.
By bike/e-bike: If you have a short journey and prefer the freedom to travel at your own pace, bicycles and e-bikes are good choices. There are many bike and e-bike rental points in Lijiang city center, which are easy to use and reasonably priced. However, please pay attention to traffic safety and follow traffic rules while riding.
Food Recommendations
In addition to Roasted Rushan (烤乳扇) and Lijiang Baba (丽江粑粑) at the temple fair, there are many other delicious foods in Lijiang (丽江) worth trying.
Smoked Pork Rib Hot Pot (腊排骨火锅)
Selected from high-quality pork ribs, which are marinated and then dried, and stewed with local ingredients such as potatoes, corms, and carrots. The savory flavor of the smoked ribs combines with the sweetness of the vegetables, creating a rich soup and tender meat. It is a signature dish in Lijiang (丽江) and can be tasted in many restaurants in the city center.
Naxi Grilled Fish (纳西烤鱼)
Using fresh fish as the main ingredient, the fish is first grilled until the skin is golden and crispy, then special sauce and various ingredients such as tofu, konjac, and bean sprouts are added and stewed in an iron pan. The grilled fish is crispy on the outside and tender on the inside, with the aroma of the sauce fully penetrating the fish meat. It has a spicy and fresh taste that is unforgettable.
Chicken Bean Jelly (鸡豆凉粉)
Chicken Bean Jelly (鸡豆凉粉) is one of the special snacks in Lijiang (丽江), made from chicken beans. The jelly is black and has a smooth texture. It can be served cold with soy sauce, vinegar, chili oil, Sichuan pepper oil, and garlic paste, giving it a sour and spicy taste. It can also be pan-fried. The fried jelly has a crispy skin and soft interior, and when eaten with chili powder, it has a unique flavor.
Shopping Recommendations
Dongba Paper Products (东巴纸制品)
Dongba paper (东巴纸) is a traditional handmade paper of the Naxi people, made from the bark of the Daphne plant using ancient techniques. The paper is strong, resistant to insect damage, and can be preserved for a long time. It usually has Dongba characters or patterns printed on it, which have high artistic and collection value. In the specialty shops of Lijiang Ancient Town (丽江古城), you can buy notebooks, bookmarks, postcards, and other items made from Dongba paper.
Naxi Embroidery Crafts (纳西刺绣工艺品)
Naxi embroidery has a long history, with delicate stitches and bright colors. The embroidery themes are extensive, including flowers, birds, figures, and landscapes. You can purchase embroidered handkerchiefs, bags, and accessories, which are not only beautiful but also practical, and allow you to appreciate the exquisite embroidery skills of the Naxi people.
Wood Carving Crafts (木雕工艺品)
Lijiang’s (丽江) wood carving craftsmanship is exquisite. High-quality wood is selected to carve various lifelike patterns and shapes. There are many types of wood carving crafts, including pendants, ornaments, and furniture. Whether for personal collection or as gifts for relatives and friends, they are excellent choices. You can find your favorite wood carving works in the city’s wood carving shops.
Accommodation Suggestions
Lijiang Ancient Town Inns
There are many inns in Lijiang Ancient Town (丽江古城), most of which retain the traditional architectural style of the Naxi people, with interiors decorated in ethnic style. Staying in an ancient town inn allows you to conveniently experience the charm of the ancient town and the life atmosphere of the Naxi people. However, during the temple fair, the inns in the ancient town are very popular, so it is recommended to book in advance. The prices vary according to the class and location of the inn, generally ranging from 200 to 1000 yuan.
City Hotels
If you prefer modern accommodation facilities and convenient transportation, you can choose a hotel in the city center. There are hotels of various classes in the city, from budget hotels to high-end star hotels. City hotels are close to Black Dragon Pool Park (黑龙潭公园) and the temple fair venue, making it easy to travel. The prices are relatively lower than those of the ancient town inns. Economic-type hotels cost about 100 to 300 yuan, while star hotels cost about 500 to 1500 yuan.
Unique Bed and Breakfasts
In addition to ancient town inns and city hotels, Lijiang (丽江) also has many unique bed and breakfasts. For example, the ones located in Shuhe Ancient Town (束河古镇) have a quiet environment and a strong artistic atmosphere. Those at the foot of Jade Dragon Snow Mountain (玉龙雪山) allow you to enjoy the beautiful snow mountain scenery up close. These bed and breakfasts usually provide personalized services, with cozy and comfortable rooms. They are also good choices during the temple fair, but booking in advance is recommended. The prices vary according to the characteristics and locations of the bed and breakfasts, generally ranging from 300 to 1500 yuan.
Geographical Location
The Dongshan Temple Fair (东山庙会) is held in the Lijiang area of Yunnan Province (云南省丽江一带). Lijiang (丽江) is located in the northwestern part of Yunnan Province (云南省西北部), on the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau (青藏高原东南缘), in the Yunnan-Northwest Plateau (滇西北高原), and in the middle reaches of the Jinsha River (金沙江中游). It is connected to the north with the Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (迪庆藏族自治州), to the south with the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (大理白族自治州), to the west with the Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture (怒江傈僳族自治州), and to the east with the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture (四川凉山彝族自治州) and Panzhihua City (攀枝花市). The surrounding natural scenery of Dongshan (东山) is picturesque, with undulating mountains and rich forest vegetation, adding a unique natural atmosphere to the temple fair. It is convenient to travel from Lijiang city center to Dongshan (东山), with various transportation options available.
History and Culture
The Naxi Dongshan Temple Fair, also known as the “Pig Sacrifice Fair” (祭猪会), has a long history and carries the Naxi people’s beautiful wishes for life. In the traditional life of the Naxi people, pigs are important livestock, and their fatness is related to the family’s economic situation and quality of life. Therefore, on the ninth day of the second lunar month every year, the housewives of Naxi families will bring a bowl of fava bean to the Dongshan Temple (东山庙) to worship the wooden pig statue inside the temple, praying for the pigs in their homes to be strong and healthy in the coming year. Over time, the temple fair has not only become a place for worship and blessings but also an excellent opportunity for young men and women to socialize and fall in love, reflecting the integration of life and emotions in Naxi culture.
Folklore and Features
Sacrificial Ceremony
On the day of the temple fair, the housewives of each family will prepare a bowl of fava bean early in the morning, which symbolizes vitality and hope. Then, dressed in traditional costumes, they head to Dongshan Temple (东山庙). Inside the temple, the housewives burn incense and kowtow devoutly in front of the wooden pig statue, offering the fava bean while murmuring their wishes for the pigs to be fat and strong in the coming year. The entire sacrificial process is solemn and full of ritual, with the housewives focusing intently and infusing their hopes for a better family life into the ceremony.
Youth Socialization
For young Naxi men and women, the Dongshan Temple Fair is an important opportunity for socializing and romance. On this day, young people dress in their favorite clothes and go to the temple fair in groups. In front of the temple, young men will use the excuse of asking for food to strike up a conversation with the girls they like. If a girl also has a good impression of the young man, she will happily chat with him. This unique way of socializing provides young people with the opportunity to get to know each other and adds a youthful and romantic atmosphere to the temple fair.
Weather and Best Time to Visit
Weather Conditions
Lijiang (丽江) has a low-latitude warm temperate plateau monsoon climate. The ninth day of the second lunar month usually falls in March. It is spring in Lijiang (丽江) at this time, with rising temperatures and an average temperature of about 8℃ – 18℃. The weather is mild, but there is still a significant temperature difference between day and night, so it is necessary to add appropriate clothing when going out in the morning and evening. Spring precipitation is relatively low, with mostly sunny weather and bright sunshine, which is conducive to participating in the temple fair activities. However, the weather in the mountainous areas can be changeable, and occasional short showers may occur, so it is advisable to bring an umbrella just in case.
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit is on the day of the Dongshan Temple Fair (东山庙会), which falls on the ninth day of the second lunar month. On this day, the sacrificial ceremony, youth socialization, and other activities are all concentrated, and the temple fair site is bustling with activity, allowing visitors to fully experience the unique charm of the Dongshan Temple Fair (东山庙会). If you have more time, you can arrive in Lijiang (丽江) a day earlier or stay a day later to familiarize yourself with the environment or visit surrounding attractions after the temple fair.
Sightseeing Recommendations
Dongshan Temple
Dongshan Temple (东山庙) is the core venue of the Dongshan Temple Fair (东山庙会). The wooden pig statue inside the temple is very unique and an important object for the Naxi people’s worship and blessings. The temple’s architectural style integrates traditional Naxi architectural elements, with upturned eaves and painted beams, exuding an ancient charm. During the temple fair, the temple is filled with incense smoke, and worshippers come and go continuously, allowing visitors to deeply experience the Naxi sacrificial culture.
Lijiang Ancient Town
Not far from Dongshan Temple (东山庙) is the Lijiang Ancient Town (丽江古城), a World Cultural Heritage site (世界文化遗产). The streets in the ancient town are built along the water, paved with red conglomerate, and the earthen and wooden houses blend the architectural styles of Central Plains and Naxi. Here, visitors can wander through the ancient streets and alleys, admire the old buildings, and feel the strong ethnic atmosphere. The streets are lined with specialty shops selling ethnic handicrafts, clothing, and food. At night, the ancient town is brightly lit, with bustling bars and restaurants, forming a stark contrast to the quiet and simple daytime.
Lashi Lake
Lashi Lake (拉市海) is a famous plateau lake in Lijiang (丽江) and a habitat for migratory birds. It takes only a short drive from Dongshan Temple (东山庙) to get there. With its beautiful lake and mountain scenery, visitors can choose to ride horses along the ancient Tea Horse Road (茶马古道) to experience the historical charm or take a boat tour on the lake to enjoy the surrounding natural scenery. There are also many farmhouses around Lashi Lake (拉市海) where you can taste authentic local cuisine.
Transportation Guide
External Transportation
By air: Lijiang Sanyi International Airport (丽江三义国际机场) is the main air gateway to Lijiang (丽江), with direct flights to many cities in China, such as Beijing (北京), Shanghai (上海), Guangzhou (广州), Shenzhen (深圳), Chengdu (成都), Kunming (昆明), etc. From the airport to Lijiang city center, you can take the airport shuttle bus, which has several routes available, with fares generally ranging from 20 to 30 yuan. You can also take a taxi, which costs about 80 to 100 yuan.
By train: Lijiang Station (丽江站) has trains to and from Kunming (昆明), Dali (大理), and other places. The train journey from Kunming (昆明) to Lijiang (丽江) takes about 4 to 5 hours. After arriving at Lijiang Station (丽江站), you can take a bus to the city center. There are several bus routes available, with fares generally at 1 to 2 yuan. You can also take a taxi, which costs about 30 to 50 yuan to the city center.
In-City Transportation
By bus: Lijiang’s (丽江) bus network is well-developed, and you can take a bus to the area near Dongshan Temple (东山庙). However, during the temple fair, buses may be crowded due to the large number of passengers, and routes may be temporarily adjusted according to the fair’s situation. It is recommended to check in advance and allow enough time for travel. The bus fare is generally 1 to 2 yuan.
By taxi/ride-hailing car: Taking a taxi or ride-hailing car is a convenient option for traveling within the city. The starting fare for a taxi is generally 8 to 10 yuan, with subsequent charges based on distance and time. During the temple fair, it may be necessary to wait in line for a taxi, so it is recommended to book a ride-hailing car in advance.
By car rental: If you want more freedom to arrange your itinerary, you can choose to rent a car in Lijiang city center to drive to Dongshan Temple (东山庙) yourself. There are many rental companies with a variety of car models, and prices vary according to the type of car and rental duration. You can enjoy the scenery along the way while driving, but you need to pay attention to the road conditions in the mountainous areas and drive carefully.
Food Recommendations
Naxi Smoked Pork Rib Hot Pot (纳西腊排骨火锅): Selected from high-quality pork ribs, which are marinated and air-dried, then stewed with local ingredients such as potatoes, corms, and carrots. The smoked ribs are savory and rich, the soup is thick, and the vegetables are sweet and delicious. It is a signature dish in Lijiang (丽江) and can be tasted in many restaurants in the city center.
Chicken Bean Jelly (鸡豆凉粉): Made from the unique chicken beans of Lijiang (丽江), the jelly is black and has a smooth texture. It can be served cold with soy sauce, vinegar, chili oil, Sichuan pepper oil, garlic paste, and other seasonings for a sour and spicy taste. It can also be pan-fried, with a crispy skin and soft interior, and is best eaten with chili powder. You can taste it at the snack stalls around the temple fair.
Lijiang Baba (丽江粑粑): Available in sweet and savory flavors. Sweet Baba is filled with rose sugar, red bean paste, etc., with a crispy outer skin and sweet inner filling. Savory Baba includes ingredients like scallions and ham, with a salty and fragrant taste. Made from high-quality local wheat flour and through several processes, it has a golden color and a fragrant aroma.
Shopping Recommendations
Dongba Paper Products (东巴纸制品): Dongba paper is a traditional handmade paper of the Naxi people, made from the bark of the Daphne plant using ancient techniques. The paper is strong, resistant to insect damage, and can be preserved for a long time. It usually has Dongba characters or patterns printed on it, which have high artistic and collection value. In the specialty shops of Lijiang Ancient Town (丽江古城), you can buy notebooks, bookmarks, postcards, and other items made from Dongba paper.
Naxi Embroidery Crafts (纳西刺绣工艺品): Naxi embroidery has a long history, with delicate stitches and bright colors. The embroidery themes are extensive, including flowers, birds, figures, and landscapes. You can purchase embroidered handkerchiefs, bags, and accessories, which are not only beautiful but also practical, and allow you to appreciate the exquisite embroidery skills of the Naxi people.
Wood Carving Crafts (木雕工艺品): Lijiang’s (丽江) wood carving craftsmanship is exquisite. High-quality wood is selected to carve various lifelike patterns and shapes. There are many types of wood carving crafts, including pendants, ornaments, and furniture. Whether for personal collection or as gifts for relatives and friends, they are excellent choices. You can find your favorite wood carving works in the city’s wood carving shops.
Accommodation Suggestions
Lijiang Ancient Town Inns (丽江古城客栈): There are many inns in Lijiang Ancient Town (丽江古城), most of which retain the traditional architectural style of the Naxi people, with interiors decorated in ethnic style. Staying in an ancient town inn allows you to conveniently experience the charm of the ancient town and the life atmosphere of the Naxi people. However, during the temple fair, the inns in the ancient town are very popular, so it is recommended to book in advance. The prices vary according to the class and location of the inn, generally ranging from 200 to 1000 yuan.
City Hotels (市区酒店): If you prefer modern accommodation facilities and convenient transportation, you can choose a hotel in the city center. There are hotels of various classes in the city, from budget hotels to high-end star hotels. City hotels are close to Dongshan Temple (东山庙) and other attractions, making it easy to travel. The prices are relatively lower than those of the ancient town inns. Economic-type hotels cost about 100 to 300 yuan, while star hotels cost about 500 to 1500 yuan.
Unique Bed and Breakfasts (特色民宿): Lijiang (丽江) also has many unique bed and breakfasts, such as those in Shuhe Ancient Town (束河古镇), which have a quiet environment and a strong artistic atmosphere. Those at the foot of Jade Dragon Snow Mountain (玉龙雪山) allow you to enjoy the beautiful snow mountain scenery up close. These bed and breakfasts usually provide personalized services, with cozy and comfortable rooms. They are also good choices during the temple fair, but booking in advance is recommended. The prices vary according to the characteristics and locations of the bed and breakfasts, generally ranging from 300 to 1500 yuan.
One-Day Tour Itinerary
Morning
Depart from your accommodation and take the appropriate transportation to Dongshan Temple (东山庙). If you choose to drive yourself, plan your route in advance to enjoy the scenery along the way. Upon arrival at Dongshan Temple (东山庙), first visit the temple architecture to learn about its history and cultural background.
Participate in the sacrificial ceremony and observe the process of Naxi housewives worshipping the wooden pig statue. If interested, you may also experience a simple part of the ceremony with permission.
Browse the market around Dongshan Temple (东山庙), where there are various specialty goods and snack stalls.
Noon
Enjoy local cuisine at a restaurant or snack stall near Dongshan Temple (东山庙), such as Chicken Bean Jelly (鸡豆凉粉) and Lijiang Baba (丽江粑粑), to experience the local flavor.
Afternoon
Watch the social interactions of young men and women in front of the temple and feel the unique youthful atmosphere. If you are outgoing, you can also communicate with the local youth to learn about their lives and culture.
Head to the Lashi Lake (拉市海) scenic area to experience horse riding along the ancient Tea Horse Road (茶马古道) or take a boat tour on the lake to enjoy the beautiful lake and mountain scenery.
Return to Lijiang city center or the ancient town after the tour.
Evening
Enjoy dinner in Lijiang Ancient Town (丽江古城), choose a characteristic restaurant to taste Naxi Smoked Pork Rib Hot Pot (纳西腊排骨火锅) and other delicacies. After dinner, take a walk through the ancient town’s streets and alleys to admire the night scenery and experience the hustle and bustle and tranquility of the ancient town.
When attending the Naxi Dongshan Temple Fair (纳西族东山庙会), respect the customs of the Naxi people, protect the environment, and travel civilly. I hope this guide helps you have an unforgettable time during the temple fair and fully appreciate the unique charm of the Naxi people.
For Chinese version please go to:
https://www.lijiangtv.com/article/62946-p-1.html
Overview
Also known as Eryueba Festival (二月八) or February 8th Festival, this traditional celebration occurs on the 8th, 18th and 28th days of the second lunar month among Naxi communities in Lijiang Basin (丽江坝区), with the 8th being most significant.
Historical Significance
Originating as a Herdsmen’s Festival (牧童节) to honor shepherds, the festival features:
- Elder villagers tending flocks in place of shepherds
- Communal outdoor feasts for shepherds
- Rituals worshiping Sanduo God (三朵神), the patron deity of herdsmen
Officially recognized as a Naxi traditional holiday in 1986 with city-wide celebrations.
Traditional Customs
Original Form:
- Shepherds’ day off with masters’ food gifts
- Mountain picnics with gathered delicacies
Modern Evolution:
- Expanded participation across generations
- Known as Youth Gathering (青年会) in Dayan Town (大研镇)
- Age-group based celebrations in scenic spots
Festival Activities:
- Morning gatherings in nature (parks, forests, temples)
Gender-divided preparations:
- Men: fishing, hunting
- Women: cooking
Communal feasting with songs praising:
- Togetherness
- Good food
- Joyful drinking
Cultural Significance
- Showcases Naxi women’s culinary skills
- Strengthens community bonds
- Embodies Naxi zest for life
Contemporary Celebrations
Modern elements include:
- Music systems for entertainment
- Photography/videography
- Musical performances
- Group dancing
Reflecting Naxi people’s celebration of modern prosperity while preserving traditions.
Festival Song Lyrics:
“Together we come in joy,
Together we share this meal,
Together we drink with cheer,
Together we feast so dear.”
This song captures the joyful spirit of the festival, reflecting the communal and celebratory nature of the Jiandan Festival among the Naxi people.
Overview
Also known as Baishuitai Song Contest Festival (白水台赛歌会) or February 8th Festival (二月八节), this traditional celebration occurs annually on the 8th day of the second lunar month at Baishuitai (白水台) in Sanba Township (三坝乡), Shangri-La City (香格里拉市).
Historical Significance
- Originated centuries ago as worship of Sanduo God (三朵神)
- Celebrates Naxi cultural identity
- Recognized as intangible cultural heritage
- Combines religious rituals with festive gatherings
Festival Highlights
Sacred Site:
Baishuitai (白水台): The “Growing Flower” in Naxi language
Terraced travertine formations resembling:
- Moonlight cascades
- Silver ornaments
- Frozen waterfalls
Sacred spring believed to be:
- Celestial maiden’s dressing area
- Fertility worship site
Ritual Activities:
- Dawn processions in traditional attire
- Animal sacrifices at altars
- Grain offerings for harvest blessings
- Family-based worship at hundreds of fire pits
Cultural Celebrations:
- Epic song competitions
- Horse racing events
- Circle dances led by Wushuwan Village (吾树湾村)
- Communal feasting around fire pits
Contemporary Significance
Promotes interethnic unity
Preserves Naxi cultural traditions
Showcases:
- Dongba culture (东巴文化)
- Traditional crafts
- Folk music heritage
Symbolic Customs:
- Chestnut branches for good fortune
- Ritual water collection
- Mountain view of Haba Snow Mountain (哈巴雪山)
Travel Significance
This authentic celebration offers unparalleled opportunities to:
- Witness living Naxi traditions
- Experience sacred landscapes
- Participate in joyful festivities
- Understand Dongba religious practices
The festival’s meticulous preservation demonstrates Naxi people’s cultural confidence and commitment to transmitting their heritage to future generations.
Chinese Name: 纳西族棒棒会/弥老会/米拉会
English Name: Bangbanghui Festival of Naxi Ethnic Minority
每年农历正月十五,是丽江纳西族的“棒棒会”。届时，丽江城内人流如潮，街道上摆满了交易的竹、木农具和果树、花卉等。棒棒会标志着春节活动的结束和春耕生产的开始。该会由“弥老会”演变而来,原是在寺院举行的庙会，清初改土归流后,赶会地点移到丽江古城内，并逐步发展成为准备春耕的竹木农具交易会，近年又增加了果树苗术、花卉盆景交易内容,赶会地点也从古城内移到新城区。除了正月十五县城的棒棒会外，还有正月二十的白沙农具交流会，纳西语叫白沙当美空普，意为“白沙大宝积宫开门”。这是明代以来延续下来的白沙大宝积宫、琉璃殿、大定阁等庙堂年一度开门，让人们烧香拜佛，后来演变为以农具交易为主的传统节日。交流会上，不仅农具种类齐全，而且小孩玩具及日用杂货应有尽有，所以俗话称”除了鸡鲁头之外，什么都能买到。
起源传说
关于棒棒会的起源：
一说起源与佛教有关。这天，木土司在玉皇阁请喇嘛念经，超度祖先亡灵。清朝雍正元年丽江一带改上归流后，农民、手工业者于此日在木土司官衙门前的街道上摆摊售货，以后又演变成以交流竹木农具为内容的集贸市场。
二说源于对木土司的反抗行动。传说古时纳西族地区木土司残暴统治，民不聊生，引起群众的不满，人们在正月十五操起棒棒在狮子山脚下古城四方街对木氏家族表示示威和抗议，形成棒棒会的习俗。节日这天，人们扛着马笼头、鸡笼、犁、耙、桶、锄等各种木制农具涌向丽江纳西族自治县大研镇进行交易。其中尤以用作斧把、锄把、镰把、锤把等的棒棒最多，故称棒棒会.棒棒会之后，春耕大忙即将开始。因此，棒棒会实际上是为春耕作准备的一次农具交易的盛会。每年农历正月十五，是丽江纳西族的“棒棒会”。
主要活动
每年农历正月十五于丽江玉皇阁举行。这天，当地喇嘛教徒朝庙念经，村民进香祭弥勒佛。清朝以后逐渐演变为农具及竹、木器交易会，因所交易的商品多锄把之类的棒状木器，帮称“棒棒会”。 届时，丽江城内人流如潮，街道上摆满了交易的竹、木、铁农具以及果树苗木、花卉等。棒棒会标志着着一年的春节活动的结束和春耕生产的开始。该会由“弥老会”演变而来，原是在寺院举行的庙会。
举办地点
每年农历正月十五的丽江棒棒会在丽江大研古城举行，届时，云南著名景点丽江大研古城区的昭庆花鸟市场、象山市场和香江花园市场等地人流如潮，街道上除了会摆满了交易的竹、木、铁农具以及果树苗木、花卉等琳琅满目的商品外，还有令人垂涎欲滴的各式各样的丽江小吃。
Chinese Name:佤族新水节/迎新水/接新水
English Name: Spring Festival (Xinshuijie) of Wa Ethnic Minority
春节在佤语中叫“卧”，是佤族一年中最欢乐、最高兴的日子。在节日祝辞中，佤族老人常常念到：“把牙公艾，斋公尼，卧公桑”。“把牙”类似其他民族的火把节，“斋”是中秋节，“卧”是春节。祝辞的意思是把牙节老大，中秋节老二，春节老三。佤族全年有三大传统节日，春节是第三个节日。
在春节前几个月，家家户户就开始准备好吃的食品，酿制水酒，大人小孩准备节日服装，修缮房屋，备足柴禾。临近节日了，妇女割草准备马料。
佤族过年又叫“新水节”、“迎新水”、“接新水”，佤族春节最有意思的也是“接新水”。春节前几天，人们准备迎接新水。全村召开会议，杀鸡占卜，确定一户为接待户，每人凑出一碗谷子或一碗米、一只鸡、一筒水酒、一棵竹子，作好准备。第二天清晨，巫师带上祭品到水源地祭祀水神。巫师回到寨子后，全村男人立即出来参加修水沟，每家至少要有一人参加。除特殊情况经村寨会议批准外，无故不参加者要受到出双份物资的处罚。人们在高处挖水沟，低凹地方用竹子搭水槽，当天一定要把水引到寨子旁的大门外，但不能引入寨内。不参加引水的人则全部投入大扫除，打扫村寨，清除垃圾，铲除杂草，铺平道路，房前屋后、里里外外都要打扫得干干净净。
第三天清晨，太阳刚刚升上山头，全寨无论男女老少都换上节日盛装，从寨外到寨子中，排起长长队伍，将新水引入寨内。人们喜笑颜开，高声欢呼新水到来。早等在涧槽边的巫师，一手拿一个小小的竹筒，一手拿芭蕉叶，作好迎新水的准备。新水一到，他念颂道：“日日盼，夜夜盼，男女老少盼来你，终于把你盼到寨子里。望你长流不息，给全寨人带来福气，……”同时用芭蕉叶在水面不停地划来划去，表示对水的热爱和尊重。人们在水流两边栽上四棵木杈，插上鲜花。巫师接上一竹筒新水送到接待户家，倒入原先已经盛水的铁锅，再把各家拿来的肉、米倒入锅里，煮大锅烂饭，准备招待全寨子的人。
巫师离开涧槽后，大家欢呼着涌向新水，先喝一口尝新水，然后洗手、洗脸、洗发、洗澡，用竹筒接水回家。除了接新水外，大年初一这天是佤族“戒忌日”，不能干活，不能出寨门，外人夜不宜入户。初二清晨开始，亲友互相拜访，新姑爷拜老岳父，同时开始叫做“考敖窝”的打歌，拉开春节狂欢的序幕。
Chinese Name:佤族剽牛舞
English Name: Cattle-butchering Dance of Wa Ethnic Minority
剽牛舞
综述
“剽牛祭天”一般进行三天，如果属于集体共献数头牛的祭祀仪式，则可达七至九天。在节日里，维持数天的始终是剽牛舞的活动。
过去，剽牛舞必须在祭祀活动(特别是剽牛)中跳，其他如结婚和娱乐场合、喜庆场合都不能跳。因为独龙族心目中剽牛舞属于宗教祭拜项目，如果不举行“剽牛祭天”跳剽牛舞会遭到神灵的惩罚。如今个别地方的年轻人在娱乐场上，也大胆地跳起了剽牛舞。这一举动，使剽牛舞从祭祀舞蹈演变为自娱性民俗舞蹈。
套路
剽牛舞共有五十多个套路，大多数在剽牛舞场内进行。剽牛舞内容极为丰富，其中有反映劳动、生活的“搓小米舞”、“洗衣舞”、“刀舞”；有反映对自然界崇拜的“望星星舞”；有反映喜悦欢乐心情的“欢跳舞”、“蹦蹦跳舞”、“铓锣舞”等；有反映狩猎劳动生产和模拟动物的“乌鸦舞”……这些具有特色的舞蹈艺术，如一幅幅通俗画卷，向人们展示着独龙族先民劳动、生活的历史情景。
基本动律
剽牛舞的基本动律主要体现在腿和脚部，下肢部位的动作变化无穷。有时，一个舞蹈套路，只使用一个基本动作，有时则由几个基本动作组成，在下肢部位舞动时，上身也常常配入一些相关动势，如前俯后仰，上下起伏，或是左右摆动、左右扭动等。这些配合动作虽然幅度不太大，也不太明显，但对形成独龙族舞蹈艺术的特点、风格、韵律、动势等，都起到了极其重要的作用。
地区性的差异
各地剽牛舞的韵律、风格基本相似，但也有地区性的差异。独龙江下游的马库、巴坡一带，舞蹈者因多为女性，舞蹈的风格显得轻柔优美和抒情、细腻，节拍复杂，动作多样化。中游以上的孔当、献九当、龙元、迪政当等村，舞蹈简练，风格显得古朴、粗犷、动作幅度较马库、巴坡一带的大些。马库、巴坡一带的舞蹈内容较为丰富，搓小米舞、望星星舞等只有该地才有，这些舞蹈与他们的劳动有关，小米是这一带的主粮，而其他村就少有或没有。
在马库、巴坡一带所有的舞蹈全由女性承担，男性只参加跳刀舞和在护送木桩以及牛时才跳来回走步舞、边走边跳舞。大圆圈的狂欢舞蹈基本没有男性参加，这也许与当地母系社会的历史有关。其他寨子的舞蹈都是男女混合而跳，但有些舞又属男性专跳，如献九当、迪政当的刀舞就是男性舞，是男人祭山、猎神时跳的。
有部分套路，是某一仪式中必须跳的，如马库、巴坡刀舞是在“开门仪”时必须跳的，意义在于“驱邪求福”；献九当的刀舞，在剽牛舞狂欢前男性成员到祭坛时必须跳，意义在于为祭祀翮狂欢“开路”，撵除作恶的魔怪，使来年人丁庄稼兴旺。迪政当的刀舞也是剽牛狂欢前必须跳的，而意义则在于“除旧迎新”和传播氏族家谱以及迁徙时所经历的路线。
剽牛舞的内容、形式和动作等，有相同的，也有不同的，有的名称相同而动作不同，有的则是动作相同而名称不同。同样的刀舞、铓锣舞，各地在名称上相同，但在舞蹈动作上就不同。
基本队形
剽牛舞有三种基本队形：一是逆时针方向围圈而舞，这类队形中还有舞蹈者自转或与舞伴相转而同时又要往大圆圈方向转的跳法。逆时针方向行进是传统的规定，艺人说如果顺时针方向进行便是对神灵和祖先的亵渎和不忠，只有死去的人在阴间才往相反方向进行。第二种是舞蹈者站两排并相互来回交叉进行舞蹈，在这种形式中，有时也有双方舞蹈者相遇后相互转小圈的形式。第三种是舞者在无固定的队形中，朝着一个固定的方向跳去，这种形式多在众人从自家向剽牛场聚集或走在祭把、猎场的山间小路上和在寨中游走时，边走边舞。
伴奏
剽牛舞自始至终每拍敲击一下中、小铓锣为舞蹈伴奏。在马库、巴坡一带除有铓锣敲击外，还有合掌击节而舞的特点。铓锣在剽牛舞中的地位十分重要，艺人们都说：没有铓锣不能举行“剽牛祭天”活动，没有铓锣不能跳剽牛舞。在举行“剽牛祭天”仪式之前，众人就是在铓锣声的招呼中集中到剽牛场地，而后又随铓锣声的节奏翩翩起舞。它既是乐器，又是道具。铓锣除了为全部舞蹈伴奏外，同时还有属于自己的舞蹈，如“大铓锣舞”和“铓锣舞”等。在跳铓锣舞或大使锣舞时，往往有比赛个人铓锣质量、音量和重量的意思。
Chinese Name:佤族剽牛节
English Name: Cattle-butchering Ceremony of Wa Ethnic Minority
生活在滇西南西盟深山密林中的佤族人依旧传承着一些古老的信仰和风俗。佤族自称“阿佤”，意为“住在山上的人”。于是，西盟有了另外一个名字——佤山。最率真、直白的情感孕育了最粗犷豪放，或者说最原生态的行为方式，譬如被佤族人叫做“棱特莫艾”的剽牛——用血淋淋的剽牛献祭表示对神的虔诚，也寄托着佤族人对牛的感恩和祭奠。
https://baike.baidu.com/item/剽牛/6600297?fr=aladdin
Chinese Name:耿马县班老乡佤族贡象节
English Name: Gongxiang (Elephant Worship) Festival of Wa Ethnic Minority
The Gongxiang (Elephant Worship) Festival(贡象节) of Wa Ethnic Minority group is held every year at Banlao Town(班老乡) in Cangyuan Wa Autonomous County. Through a series of activities such as “ Elephant ceremony” and “ Worship the Elephant with thousand prayers”, the unique charm of the Wa people’s festival is demonstrated to the world with the theme of protecting animals and our eco system to persuit the sustainable development of coexistence of human and nature.
According to Wa culture, elephant is the symbol of wellbeing,as the earth presents the heart of the elephant , and river as its blood. The complete celebration follows 4 sessions,including invite, greet, worship the elephant and finally farewell to the elephant. The “elephants” displayed are made from bamboos and paper works.
On the day of the event, accompanied with loud and merrily drumming, “elephants” are invited to the Banlao Culture Square(班老乡文化广场) by thousands of Wa people from different local villages. They are dancing and singing together, spraying holy water to each other as blessings for a healthy and abandon year to come.
To the record, “Elephant Worship” is celebrated only by Wa people and it is the only festival concerning the the protection of Asian elephants among the 56 ethnic groups in China. It is listed as the intangible cultural heritage protection of Lincang City in 2005.
You Might Like
- 2 Days Luxi Alu Cave and Chengzi Ancient Village Tour from Kunming
- 12 Days Yunnan Three Parallel Rivers Overland Tour with Biluo and Meili Snow Mountains from Lijiang to Tengchong
- 5 Days of Wild Flavors: Yunnan’s Ultimate Mushroom Adventure
- 1 Day North XishuangBanna Tour to Wild Elephant Valley and Jinuo Ethnic Village
- 1 Day Shangri La Tianshengqiao Hot Spring Tour
- 1 Day Dali Easy Hiking Tour to Cangshan Mountain
- 2 Days Mile Honghe Valley Hot Spring Tour from Kunming by Speed Train
- 1 Day Dali Eryuan Geothermal Paradise Hot Spring Tour
Nishou Dance of Naxi Ethnic Minority
Chinese Name:纳西族拟兽舞 English Name: Nishou Dance of Naxi Ethnic Minority 在纳西族地区流传的“拟兽舞”相传系由内地传来。明末清初之时，孔子第六十六代孙孔熙询到丽江建孔庙、兴孔学之时，将此舞蹈整套带至丽江，并“顺携专门艺人操之”，今已成为纳西人民喜闻乐见的民间舞蹈。每逢春节期间，在锣、镲、鼓的伴奏下，都要跳这类舞蹈。它以动物的形状制成大型道具，人们拿着或披挂起来舞动。 在纳西族地区流传的“拟兽舞 ...
Danhui (Beginning of Summer) Festival of Naxi Ethnic Minority
Chinese Name:纳西族淡灰节 English Name: Danhui (Beginning of Summer) Festival of Naxi Ethnic Minority 纳西族淡灰节又称“立夏节”，云南省纳西族的传统节日，每年立夏日举行。 纳西族人民认为，立夏一到，躲在洞穴中的蛇虫就陆续出洞了，为了防止毒蛇害虫进屋，举行泼灰活动。传说，远古时代，龙和人类是同父异母的兄弟。兄弟分家时，天父地母把陆地分给了人类，把水域分给了龙，由于陆地生存的水源由龙控 ...
Torch Festival of Naxi Ethnic Minority
Chinese Name:纳西族火把节 English Name: Torch Festival of Naxi Ethnic Minority 纳西族的火把节依照古规从农历六月二十四日起，到农历六月二十七日结束。纳西族的家家户户每天门前都要点一支柱子般又粗又长的大火把。每天晚上寨子里的青年们都拿着又细又长的火把，沿着田埂、山路，边走边唱，直到深夜。 习俗 纳西族的家家户户每天门前都要点一支柱子般又粗又长的大火把。每天晚上寨子里的青年们都拿着又细又长的火把，沿着田埂、山路， ...
March Fair or Dragon King Temple Fair of Naxi Ethnic Minority in Lijiang
Geographical Location The Naxi Dragon King Temple Fair (纳西族龙王庙会) is usually held by the Black Dragon Pool (黑龙潭) in Lijiang County, Yunnan Province (云南丽江县城), within the present-day “Yuquan Park”...
Dongshan Temple Fair of Naxi Ethnic Minority in Lijiang
Geographical Location The Dongshan Temple Fair (东山庙会) is held in the Lijiang area of Yunnan Province (云南省丽江一带). Lijiang (丽江) is located in the northwestern part of Yunnan Province (云南省西北部),...
Jiandan (February 8th) Festival of Naxi Ethnic Minority
Overview Also known as Eryueba Festival (二月八) or February 8th Festival, this traditional celebration occurs on the 8th, 18th and 28th days of the second lunar month among Naxi communities in Lijiang Basin...
Eryueba (February 8th) Festival of Naxi Ethnic Minority in Baishuitai
Overview Also known as Baishuitai Song Contest Festival (白水台赛歌会) or February 8th Festival (二月八节), this traditional celebration occurs annually on the 8th day of the second lunar month at Baishuitai (白水台) in Sanba Township (三坝乡), Shangri-La...
Bangbanghui Festival of Naxi Ethnic Minority
Chinese Name: 纳西族棒棒会/弥老会/米拉会 English Name: Bangbanghui Festival of Naxi Ethnic Minority 每年农历正月十五,是丽江纳西族的“棒棒会”。届时，丽江城内人流如潮，街道上摆满了交易的竹、木农具和果树、花卉等。棒棒会标志着春节活动的结束和春耕生产的开始。该会由“弥老会”演变而来,原是在寺院举行的庙会，清初改土归流后,赶会地点移到丽江古城内，并逐步发展成为准备春耕的竹木农具交易会，近年又增加了果树苗术 ...
Spring Festival (Xinshuijie) of Wa Ethnic Minority
Chinese Name:佤族新水节/迎新水/接新水 English Name: Spring Festival (Xinshuijie) of Wa Ethnic Minority 春节在佤语中叫“卧”，是佤族一年中最欢乐、最高兴的日子。在节日祝辞中，佤族老人常常念到：“把牙公艾，斋公尼，卧公桑”。“把牙”类似其他民族的火把节，“斋”是中秋节，“卧”是春节。祝辞的意思是把牙节老大，中秋节老二，春节老三。佤族全年有三大传统节日，春节是第三个节日。 在春节前几个月，家家户户就 ...
Cattle-butchering Dance of Wa Ethnic Minority
Chinese Name:佤族剽牛舞 English Name: Cattle-butchering Dance of Wa Ethnic Minority 剽牛舞 综述 “剽牛祭天”一般进行三天，如果属于集体共献数头牛的祭祀仪式，则可达七至九天。在节日里，维持数天的始终是剽牛舞的活动。 过去，剽牛舞必须在祭祀活动(特别是剽牛)中跳，其他如结婚和娱乐场合、喜庆场合都不能跳。因为独龙族心目中剽牛舞属于宗教祭拜项目，如果不举行“剽牛祭天”跳剽牛舞会遭到神灵的惩罚。如今个别地方的 ...
Cattle-butchering Ceremony of Wa Ethnic Minority
Chinese Name:佤族剽牛节 English Name: Cattle-butchering Ceremony of Wa Ethnic Minority 生活在滇西南西盟深山密林中的佤族人依旧传承着一些古老的信仰和风俗。佤族自称“阿佤”，意为“住在山上的人”。于是，西盟有了另外一个名字——佤山。最率真、直白的情感孕育了最粗犷豪放，或者说最原生态的行为方式，譬如被佤族人叫做“棱特莫艾”的剽牛——用血淋淋的剽牛献祭表示对神的虔诚，也寄托着佤族人对牛的感恩和祭奠。 htt ...
Gongxiang (Elephant Worship) Festival of Wa Ethnic Minority
Chinese Name:耿马县班老乡佤族贡象节 English Name: Gongxiang (Elephant Worship) Festival of Wa Ethnic Minority The Gongxiang (Elephant Worship) Festival(贡象节) of Wa Ethnic Minority group is held every year at Banlao Town(班老乡)...
Tips Before Travel
Bring copies of your passport
Don't assume you're restricted to the main hubs of Beijing and Shanghai, our tours can start from any city.
Register with your embassy
For your safety, please register with the Embassy.
Always have local cash
Exchange some local currency for your trip
Our Team
Fenggu Yingshan Tea House and Tea Culture Learning Lijiang
Charlie Lee-General Manager of Yaso Travel and Xilinshan Tea Company
Leon Liu-Network Engineer of Trans Asia Discovery
Vincent Zhao-French Market and the Founder of VoyagesYunnan.com
Gary Elliot-Shareholder of Trans Asia Discovery
Michael Huang-Excellent French and English-speaking Tour Guide in Yunnan
Stephane-Volunteer of Yaso Travel
David Yao-Lijiang Tour Operator of Yunnan Exploration
Cindy Cao-Yunnan Tour Operator
Xilinshan Tea House (Kunming, Yunnan)
Rachel Nan-China Tour Operator
Lydia Li-The Founder of Yunnan Exploration
Anna Chen-Yunnan Tour Operator
Kelly Yu-Yunnan Travel Consultant
Cloudy Fu-Website Editor of Yunnan Exploration
Cuiyuan Yang
Skye Zhang-website editor of Yunnan Exploration
Customize a Trip
Start planning your tailor-made holiday to China by contacting one of our specialists. Once enquired, you’ll get a response within 0.5~23.5 hours.
Latest Articles
Contact Info
