Introduction of the Festival
- Chinese Name:普米族尝新节
- English Name: Changxin Festival of Pumi Ethnic Minority
Every harvest season, the people hold a ceremony where each household opens a new jar of wine, using new rice (or making buckwheat cakes) as well as newly harvested fruits to make offerings to the gods and ancestors. Then they begin to slaughter pigs and sheep, invite relatives and friends, share the new grain, and celebrate the harvest. During the tasting of new food festival (Changxin Festival), and at the New Year, the Pumi people likewise feed rice balls to their dogs.
The Pumi people’s tasting of new food festival does not have a fixed date; it depends on the local crop harvest situation, mostly centered around villages. Each village may have different dates, but they typically differ by no more than 5 to 10 days. The tasting of new food festival is generally celebrated twice; sometimes just once, occurring within a few days after the harvest of the minor spring crop and the major spring crop. During the festival, people visit relatives and hold cultural and recreational activities, singing and narrating the history and traditional customs of their ethnic group, praying for an abundant harvest.
The Pumi people’s tasting of new food festival is generally celebrated within four or five days, selecting a lucky day in the lunar calendar, usually in mid-July. Before the arrival of the tasting of new food festival, each household must brew a jar of white wine and prepare a jar of rice using the newly harvested grains. On the day of the festival, they first burn three sticks of incense at the village altar, with a designated elder or the head of the family acting as the main officiant. After reciting the prayer, each household offers their newly brewed rice wine and freshly cooked rice (or buckwheat cakes) to the spirits. After the offerings, the first bowl of freshly cooked rice should be given to the dog, and the first bowl of newly brewed rice wine should be offered to the elders. Then, the entire family sits together to drink the newly brewed rice wine and eat the freshly cooked rice to celebrate the harvest.
During the harvest season,the Pumi Ethnic Minority(普米族) will hold the Changxin Festival(尝新节), and every family will open a new jar of wine with the new rice(or make the buckwheat baba) and fresh fruits to sacrifice to“zongbala”(宗巴拉) god and ancestors.They began to slaughter pigs and sheep,invite friends and relatives to share new grain and celebrate the harvest with them. The Pumi Ethnic Minority also feed rice balls to the dogs on the day of Changxin Festival same as the Spring Festival.There is no fixed date for the Changxin Festival of Pumi Ethnic Minority,it depends on the local harvest of crops,Most villages are different from each other,but the difference is about 5-10days at most.The Changxin Festival is generally held twice or once,in the days after the harvest. During the festival,people used to visit some of their relatives,and held recreational activities,telling and singing the history,traditional custom of their nation,and pray for the good harvest in the coming year.
The Changxin Festival of Pumi Ethnic Minority is usually no more than four or five days apart,and it always celebrated on an auspicious day in the July 15th of the lunar calendar.Before the festival,every family would brew a jar of white wine and a Sulima wine(苏里玛酒), brewed form the fresh grain .When it come to the festival, they would burn three sticks of incense on the altar of “mani heap”(嘛尼堆) in the village.In the words of the chief mourner of Hanggui or an elder.After the prayers,families offered “Zangbala”(藏巴拉) freshly brewed rice wine and freshly cooked rice or stuffed bun one by one.After completed the sacrifice,the first bowl of fresh rice was for the dogs,and the first bowl of freshly brewed rice wine was for the elderly.Then, the whole family gathered together to drink the young wine and eat the new rice to celebrate the harvest.
Local activities
1. Harvest Preparations
- Prior to the festival, families prepare by harvesting crops. The festival typically coincides with the harvest of the minor spring and major spring crops, and the completion of these harvests lays the foundation for the celebrations.
2. Brewing Traditional Wine
- One of the central activities involves brewing a special type of rice wine using the newly harvested grains. This wine plays a significant role in the festival’s rituals and celebrations.
3. Cooking Traditional Dishes
- Families prepare traditional foods, including freshly cooked rice and possibly buckwheat cakes (known as “ba” in Pumi language). The preparation of these dishes often involves using ingredients harvested from their fields.
4. Ritual Offerings
- On the day of the festival, families set up an altar in their homes or in the village where they present offerings to ancestors and local deities. This typically includes the newly brewed wine and rice, symbolizing gratitude and respect for the blessings received during the harvest.
5. Ceremonial Prayers
- An elder, typically an experienced community member, leads the prayer rituals at the altar. This involves reciting prayers for a bountiful harvest and blessings for the community.
6. Feeding Dogs and Elders
- A meaningful gesture in the festivities includes giving the first bowl of freshly cooked rice to the family dog as a sign of respect. Similarly, the first bowl of rice wine is offered to the elders, acknowledging their wisdom and role within the community.
7. Community Gathering
- Families come together to celebrate, with gatherings often involving storytelling, singing, and dancing that highlight Pumi culture. This is a time for social bonding and celebrating community spirit.
8. Cultural Performances
- During the festival, local music and dance performances showcase Pumi traditions, including folk songs and dances that tell stories from their history and culture, reinforcing their identity and heritage.
9. Visiting Relatives and Neighbors
- The festival encourages people to visit relatives and neighbors, sharing food, drinks, and well-wishes. This practice strengthens community ties and enhances social relationships.
10. Games and Competitions
- Various traditional games and competitions may be organized, fostering a spirit of fun and camaraderie among community members, especially the younger generations.
11. Prayers for Future Harvests
- Alongside celebrations, many rituals involve prayers for future prosperity and good harvests. This reflects the agricultural basis of Pumi culture, emphasizing the importance of the earth and nature in their livelihoods.
Chinese Name:普米族成年礼
English Name: Coming-of-Age Ceremony of Pumi Ethnic Minority
The girls’ coming-of-age ceremony is called “The Ceremony of Wearing Skirts”(“穿裙子礼”) and is hosted by their mothers. The little girl walked to the “Female Column” (女柱) on the right front of the Chinese fireplace. Her feet step on the grain sack and pig fat respectively. In her right hand, she was holding earrings, beads, bracelets and other ornaments, and in her left hand, she was holding cambric, linen and other daily necessities. The objects on her hands symbolize that women will have the rights to enjoy and the responsibilities of the family. Then the sorcerer or sorceress will pray to her ancestors and to the Kitchen God, and the mother takes off the linen gown for the girl, and put on a short linen jacket, a pleated skirt, and an embroidered sash. The girl who puts on new clothes kowtows her thanks to the Kitchen God, relatives and friends. Finally friends and relatives will give her gifts to express their blessings.
The boys’ coming-of-age ceremony is called “The Ceremony of Wearing Trousers ”(穿裤子礼) and is hosted by their uncles. Pumi people retain many matriarchal social customs, and the uncle has the highest status in one family. The ceremony of boys are very similar to girls’, the boy walks to the “Male Column”(男柱) in front of the left side of the Chinese fireplace. His feet step on the pig fat and grain bag respectively. In his right hand, he holds a sharp knife that symbolizes bravery, while in his left hand, he holds a silver coin, symbolizing wealth. After the sorcerer or sorceress has prayed, the uncle took off the boy’s linen gown and put on short linen gown, linen trousers and sash. The boy who changes his new clothes should also kowtow to the Kitchen God and his relatives and friends, then toasts them with ox horn cup. And friends and relatives usually send him a sheep to bless him with a peaceful and auspicious future and herds of cattle and sheep.
When the coming-of-age ceremony is held, the parents of these girls and boys have a big feast to entertain their friends and relatives. The hosts will serve guests bone soup, meat , some pig hearts and liver to show their close relationship. The ceremony is not complete until the banquet is over. After the ceremony, the girls and boys become adults, so they can participate in productive labor and social activities, and become full members of their families.
Translated by Dianna Zhou/周晓畋
Introduction of the Festival
- Chinese Name:普米族转山节
- English Name: Mountain Pilgrimage Festival of Pumi Ethnic Minority
Mountain Pilgrimage Festival(转山节) is an activity of offering sacrifices to the mountain god on July 15th of the lunar calendar. Each and everyone of Pumi in groups to the village as a unit, to participate in various activities on the designated mountain.Mountain Pilgrimage Festival is a festival of Pumi and Mosuo people in Yongning Town(永宁乡) of Ninglang County(宁蒗县). Mountain Pilgrimage Festival comes from a legend.It is said that the Pumi Ethnic Minority was in charge of different mountain gods long ago.On July 15th of the lunar calendar,the mountain gods would go to a place to compete.One of the sports is to determine the territory by betting on winning or losing.If the bet is lost,the people there will suffer a disaster.
Once,the mountain god of the Pumi region lost the bet,all of the people ,animals and crops were seriously affected.Since then ,on this day,Punmi ancestors will bring sacrificial articles to the top of the mountain to pray,wish mountain god victory and return,bring good luck and health for the people.During the festival,people bring abundant food,wear gorgeous costumes,ride horses or walk to the nearby mountains to race horses,have a picnic,and burn incense to worship the mountain gods.
Local Activities of the Festival
1. Pilgrimage to Sacred Sites
- The festival involves a communal pilgrimage to nearby sacred mountains or revered natural sites. Participants walk to these locations, often carrying offerings such as food, incense, and symbolic items meant for ritual purposes.
2. Ritual Offerings
- Upon reaching the sacred site, rituals are performed that include offering food, rice wine, incense, and other items to local deities or ancestral spirits. This act is meant to show respect, seek blessings, and express gratitude for past harvests and protection for the future.
3. Prayer Ceremonies
- Ritual prayers are conducted, usually led by village elders or spiritual leaders, who invoke blessings for health, prosperity, and peace. These ceremonies involve chanting and may include the use of traditional musical instruments.
4. Cultural Performances
- The festival showcases Pumi culture through music and dance. Folk songs and traditional dances are performed, often reflecting the mythology, history, and daily life of the Pumi people. This is a time for cultural expression and celebration of their heritage.
5. Community Feasting
- After the rituals, participants gather for communal meals, where traditional Pumi foods are shared. This fosters a sense of community and solidarity as families come together to break bread and enjoy one another’s company.
6. Games and Competitions
- Various traditional games and competitions are organized for participants of all ages. Activities may include races, tug-of-war, and other local games designed to promote camaraderie and enjoyment within the community.
7. Nature Appreciation and Activities
- As part of the festival, there may be hiking or nature walks to appreciate the beauty of the mountains. This fosters a connection to the environment and encourages a spirit of conservation among participants.
8. Arts and Crafts Fair
- Some festivals include a display of local handicrafts and artistic works, allowing artisans to showcase their skills. This not only promotes local culture but also provides opportunities for economic exchange.
9. Veneration of Ancestors
- Special moments are dedicated to remember and honor ancestors. Stories about past generations are shared, reinforcing family ties and cultural continuity.
10. Educational Activities
- In some cases, workshops or discussions related to traditional practices, environmental stewardship, or folklore may be organized, promoting cultural education and awareness among younger generations.
Overview of the Festival
- Chinese Name:普米族小过年
- English Name: Xiaoguonian Festival of Pumi Ethnic Minority
The Xiaoguonian Festival, also known as the “Little New Year” or “Minor New Year,” is an important celebration for the Pumi ethnic minority, primarily observed in Yunnan Province. This festival typically occurs before the Lunar New Year and serves as a preparatory time for the upcoming celebrations. It is rich in cultural significance and features a variety of local activities that highlight the Pumi people’s traditions, values, and communal spirit.
Significance of Xiaoguonian Festival
- Culmination of Harvest: The Xiaoguonian Festival symbolizes the end of the harvest season, marking a time of gratitude for the year’s bounty. It is a moment to give thanks to the gods and ancestors for their blessings.
- Cleansing and Renewal: The festival is associated with the idea of cleansing and preparing for the new year. This includes both physical cleaning of homes and spiritual purification through rituals.
- Cultural Identity: The Xiaoguonian Festival is a vital expression of Pumi culture, showcasing their unique beliefs, customs, and social values. It reinforces community ties and highlights the importance of traditional practices.
- Transition to the New Year: It serves as a transitional period where families prepare their homes, themselves, and their spirits for the upcoming Lunar New Year celebrations.
Local Activities During the Xiaoguonian Festival
- Ritual Cleaning: In the days leading up to the festival, families thoroughly clean their homes. This practice symbolizes the removal of bad luck and negativity, making way for the new year.
- Offerings to Ancestors: Families prepare offerings, such as food and incense, to honor their ancestors. This involves creating altars with fruits, cakes, and other symbolic items, allowing family members to pay respects and seek blessings.
- Cooking Traditional Dishes: Special foods are prepared for the festival, including traditional Pumi dishes that may feature locally sourced ingredients. Common items include dumplings, rice cakes, and stews, which are often emblematic of prosperity and unity.
- Community Gatherings and Feasting: The festival encourages communal gatherings, where families and friends come together to share meals and celebrate. This fosters a sense of community and reaffirms social bonds.
- Cultural Performances: Traditional music, dance, and storytelling may be featured, with performances that often convey moral lessons, historical stories, or Pumi folklore. This adds a festive spirit to the celebrations.
- Rituals to Drive Away Evil Spirits: Various rituals are performed to ward off evil spirits, including the use of firecrackers, chanting, and offerings. This is believed to help ensure a safe and prosperous year ahead.
- Making New Year Decorations: Families may engage in crafting traditional decorations, such as paper cuttings and other artworks, to beautify their homes and prepare for the New Year.
- Gift Exchanges: In some communities, it is customary to exchange gifts or small amounts of money, symbolizing wishes for prosperity and good fortune in the new year.
- Public Celebrations: Depending on the locality, there may be public events featuring parades and community activities, which allow families to participate in larger festive activities.
Want to travel in the fragrance of tea? Yiwu,the hometown of Puer Tea, which has “seven villages and eight Zhaizi”, along the line there are Huangtian(荒田), Manxiu(曼秀), Sanqiutian(三丘田), Luoshuidong(落水洞) , Mahei(麻黑), Daqishu(大漆树) and other villages. Guafengzhai Village (刮风寨) is a village inhabited by Yao ethnic group. It is 32 kilometers away from Yiwu Township (易武乡) Government and only 2 kilometers away from Laos(老挝) border. In seven villages of Yiwu, the tea mountain of Guafengzhai Village has the highest altitude, about 1700 meters, which is the village with the most intact old tea trees. Almost all the old tea trees growing here are hundreds of years old, and the tall ones are 5 or 6 meters high.
Chinese Name:西双版纳易武茶山刮风寨普洱茶
English Name: Guafengzhai Puer Tea Plantation of Yiwu Mountain, XishuangBanna
The ancient tea trees in the Guafengzhai Village grow quietly on the border between China and Laos. The primeval forest of 50 square kilometers is the best protection forest for ancient tea trees. Close to the border with Laos, Chapingdi(茶坪地) is largely uninhabited and a forgotten gathering place of ancient tea trees. Only in recent years have people discovered the ancient tea trees here. Like its famous name, the reputation of the Guafengzhai Village began to blow a whirlwind in the minds of the people.
If you want to feel the charms of Puer tea culture, the Guafengzhai Village is a good place to go.
Translated by Dianna Zhou/周晓畋
Introductioon of The Festival
- Chinese Name:普米族大过年/吾昔节
- English Name: Wuxi Festival or Daguonian Festival of Pumi Ethnic Minority
The “Big New Year,” also known as “Wuxi Festival,” is one of the most grandiose festivals for the Pumi ethnic minority. It generally lasts for about seven or eight days, starting from the 29th day of the twelfth lunar month, when ancestors are honored and the New Year’s meal is eaten, until the 7th day of the first lunar month, which is celebrated as people’s birthdays.
On the morning of the first day of the New Year, elders must incense the “Zongbala” (the altar for spirits) and pray to pay respects to their ancestors. For both boys and girls who turn thirteen, a coming-of-age ceremony called “putting on pants” for boys and “putting on skirts” for girls is held. Additionally, there are activities such as hunting in the mountains, herding around the mountains, playing “Moqiu” (a traditional game), worshiping mountain gods, and dancing “Guozhuang” (a traditional dance).
After finishing the reunion dinner on New Year’s Eve, boys and girls who are thirteen years old gather separately by gender and celebrate all night long. When dawn breaks, they return to their homes, where their family members hold the “putting on pants” or “putting on skirts” coming-of-age ceremony for them. For girls living by the Lancang River, they walk to the “female pillar” in front of the fire pit, standing with each foot on a piece of pig fat and a bag of grain; the pig fat symbolizes wealth, while the grain bag symbolizes a good harvest. In their right hand, they hold earrings or beads, and in their left hand, they hold hemp yarn or hemp cloth, symbolizing women’s rights to material enjoyment and their obligations to undertake family labor.
Then, the mother removes the girl’s long hemp shirt and changes it for a short shirt, putting on a pleated skirt and tying an embroidered belt. If it is a boy, he walks to the “male pillar” in front of the fire pit, standing with each foot on a piece of pig fat and a bag of grain; in his right hand, he holds a pointed knife, and in his left hand, he holds a silver dollar, which symbolizes wealth, while the knife symbolizes bravery. After that, the uncle removes the boy’s long hemp shirt and changes it for a short shirt, puts on long pants, and ties a belt around his waist. After the ceremony, these boys and girls are considered to have grown up and are qualified to participate in formal social activities.
The Local Activities of The Festival
1. Ancestral Offerings
Families honor their ancestors by preparing offerings of food and incense. This is an important ritual for expressing gratitude and seeking blessings for the new year.
2. New Year’s Eve Reunion Dinner
Like many cultures, families gather for a reunion dinner on New Year’s Eve. This meal is an essential part of the celebration, where family members share traditional dishes and enjoy each other’s company.
3. The Coming-of-Age Ceremony
One of the most significant aspects of the Wuxi Festival is the coming-of-age ceremony for boys and girls who turn thirteen.
- For Girls: They participate in a ritual near the “female pillar” involving stepping on pig fat (symbolizing wealth) and grain (symbolizing harvest), while holding jewelry and household items that represent rights and responsibilities. They then change into a short shirt and pleated skirt.
- For Boys: Boys perform a similar ritual at the “male pillar,” stepping on pig fat and grain, while holding a pointed knife (symbolizing bravery) and a silver dollar (symbolizing wealth), followed by changing into a short shirt and long pants.
4. Singing and Dancing
Traditional songs and dances, including the Guozhuang dance, are performed during the festival. These cultural expressions are a way to celebrate and preserve Pumi heritage.
5. Hunting and Gathering Activities
Group activities such as hunting in the mountains and gathering resources reflect the community’s connection to nature and its reliance on local resources. These activities often serve as both leisure and practical necessity.
6. Playing Traditional Games
Various traditional games, such as “Moqiu” (a game similar to tug-of-war), are played among community members. This promotes interaction and camaraderie.
7. Worshiping Mountain Gods
Special rituals are held to honor mountain deities, recognizing their importance in agricultural and pastoral life. This may involve offerings or processions to sacred sites.
8. Community Feasts
Throughout the festival, the community may organize large feasts where people come together to share food, celebrate, and strengthen social bonds.
9. Firecracker Celebrations
Like many other Chinese festivals, using firecrackers is common during the Wuxi Festival. This is believed to ward off evil spirits and bring good luck for the new year.
10. Decorating Homes
Homes are often decorated with traditional ornaments, such as paper cuttings and colorful banners, to celebrate the arrival of the new year and to attract prosperity and good fortune.
Conclusion
The Wuxi Festival is not just a time of celebration; it is a profound expression of the Pumi people’s values, community spirit, and cultural heritage. Through these local activities, the festival serves as an important link between past traditions and contemporary life, allowing the Pumi ethnic minority to maintain and celebrate their unique identity.
Overview
- Chinese Name: 西藏雪顿节
- English Name: Shoton Festival of Tibetan Ethnic Minority
The Shoton Festival, also known as the Yogurt Festival, is a significant cultural and religious ceremony celebrated by the Tibetan ethnic minority, primarily in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China and surrounding areas. It typically takes place in late summer, around late August to early September, depending on the lunar calendar. The festival lasts for about a week and is one of the most important Tibetan festivals.
Historical Background
Historically, the Shoton Festival has its roots in the Tibetan tradition of offering yogurt (known as “shoton”) to monks who have completed their summer meditation retreats. It is said to have begun during the 11th century with the arrival of Tibetan Buddhism. Monks would return from their retreats in secluded areas, and local people would prepare yogurt as a way to welcome and honor them.
Celebrations and Activities
The Shoton Festival is characterized by several vibrant and diverse activities:
- Yogurt Offerings: People in towns and villages prepare large quantities of yogurt to offer to monks, who often partake in it as a symbol of reuniting after a period of spiritual practice.
- Cultural Performances: The festival features traditional Tibetan music, dance, and theatrical performances, often including famous Tibetan operas. These performances are highly regarded and are an essential part of the celebration.
- Thangka Unfurling: One of the most breathtaking spectacles of the Shoton Festival is the unfurling of large thangka paintings (traditional Tibetan religious banners) on the hillsides. This usually occurs at the Drepung Monastery, where the vast tapestry is displayed for the public to view and pay respects.
- Public Gatherings: The festival also involves picnicking, social gatherings, and celebrations where families and friends come together, share food, dress in traditional attire, and enjoy the festive atmosphere.
- Religious Ceremonies: Various religious ceremonies, prayers, and rituals are conducted throughout the festival, emphasizing the spiritual significance of the event.
Cultural Significance
The Shoton Festival serves as a vital expression of Tibetan culture and Buddhist heritage. It fosters community spirit, reinforces social bonds, and showcases the unique traditions and customs of the Tibetan people. Additionally, it attracts both domestic and international tourists, helping to promote Tibetan culture and foster understanding of its rich history.
In summary, the Shoton Festival is a vibrant and deeply meaningful celebration that reflects the spiritual, cultural, and communal life of the Tibetan people, making it a key event in the Tibetan annual calendar.
Overview
- Chinese Name: 回族肉孜节/开斋节
- English Name: the Festival of Fast-Breaking or Eid al-fitr of Hui Ethnic Minority
Eid al-Fitr, known as the Festival of Fast-Breaking, is one of the most important religious holidays celebrated by the Hui ethnic minority in China, who are predominantly Muslim. This festival marks the end of Ramadan, the Islamic holy month of fasting, and is a time of joy, gratitude, and community.
Historical Background
The Hui ethnic minority is known for its unique blend of Chinese and Islamic cultures. They primarily follow the teachings of Islam, which was brought to China via trade routes many centuries ago. As a result, their festivals, including Eid al-Fitr, carry elements of both their Islamic faith and Chinese cultural practices.
Timing
Eid al-Fitr is celebrated on the first day of Shawwal, the month that follows Ramadan in the Islamic lunar calendar. The date varies each year based on lunar sightings.
Celebrations and Activities
The festivities of Eid al-Fitr among the Hui typically involve several key components:
- Prayer: On the morning of Eid, Muslims gather in mosques or open spaces to perform a special prayer known as the “Eid prayer.” This prayer is an essential part of the celebration and is usually attended by large groups of people, reinforcing community bonds.
- Zakat al-Fitr: Before the Eid prayer, it is customary to give a form of almsgiving called “zakat al-fitr.” This involves donating food or money to the less fortunate, ensuring that everyone can partake in the celebrations and enjoy a festive meal.
- Feasting: After the prayers, families and friends gather to share large meals. Traditional dishes vary by region but often include lamb, beef, and various types of bread, reflecting Hui culinary practices. Sweets and pastries are also prepared, symbolizing joy and festivity.
- Visiting Friends and Family: Eid al-Fitr is a time for strengthening family ties and social bonds. Hui people often visit each other’s homes, exchanging greetings and gifts.
- Community Celebrations: In many cities, larger community celebrations are organized, including cultural performances, fairs, and public gatherings, where individuals can socialize and enjoy traditional music and entertainment.
- Traditional Clothing: Many Hui people dress in traditional attire for the occasion, often incorporating elements that reflect their Islamic faith, such as white caps for men and modest dresses for women.
Cultural Significance
Eid al-Fitr is not only a religious observance but also a significant cultural event for the Hui minority. It promotes values such as charity, community support, and gratitude. Moreover, the festival serves as an opportunity for Hui Muslims to express their faith openly and connect with their cultural identity while living within a predominantly non-Muslim society.
In summary, Eid al-Fitr (the Festival of Fast-Breaking) is a vibrant and meaningful celebration for the Hui ethnic minority in China, marked by prayers, feasting, and community interaction. It embodies both their Islamic faith and their unique cultural traditions, making it a vital part of their identity.
Overview
- Chinese Name:回族古尔邦节/宰牲节、献牲节、忠孝节、尔德节
- English Name: Corban (Zaisheng) Festival of Hui Ethnic Minority
The Corban Festival, also known as the Eid al-Adha or Zaisheng Festival, is one of the most important religious celebrations for the Hui ethnic minority in China, who are predominantly Muslim. This festival honors the Islamic tradition of sacrifice and commemorates the willingness of the Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) to sacrifice his son in obedience to God’s command.
Historical Background
Eid al-Adha is celebrated in various Muslim-majority countries around the world, but the Hui people incorporate their own traditions and customs into the festivities. The Hui are known for their unique integration of Islamic beliefs with Chinese cultural practices, creating a distinctive expression of their faith.
Timing
The Corban Festival takes place on the 10th day of Dhu al-Hijjah, the 12th month of the Islamic lunar calendar. It coincides with the Hajj pilgrimage in Mecca, making it a particularly significant time for Muslims worldwide.
Celebrations and Activities
The Corban Festival involves several key components, reflecting both religious devotion and cultural traditions:
- Prayer: The festival begins with a special congregational prayer at mosques or in open spaces. Hui Muslims gather to perform the Eid prayer, which is an important communal aspect of the celebration.
- Animal Sacrifice: One of the central rituals of Eid al-Adha is the sacrifice of an animal, usually a sheep, goat, cow, or camel. This act of Qurbani (sacrifice) symbolizes the story of Ibrahim’s devotion to God. The meat from the sacrificed animal is distributed among family, friends, and the less fortunate, emphasizing the importance of charity and community support.
- Feasting: After the sacrifice, families gather to enjoy festive meals. Dishes typically include lamb or beef, as well as various traditional Hui foods. The emphasis on sharing food with others reinforces community bonds and highlights the festival’s spirit of generosity.
- Visiting Friends and Family: The Corban Festival is a time for visiting relatives and friends, exchanging greetings, and sharing meals. It is an occasion for strengthening social ties and reaffirming community connections.
- Cultural Activities: In some areas, public celebrations may include cultural performances, fairs, and activities that showcase Hui traditions. These may involve traditional music, dance, and handicrafts, allowing for a rich expression of cultural heritage.
Cultural Significance
The Corban Festival (Zaisheng Festival) is not just a religious observance; it embodies key values important to the Hui culture, such as charity, community solidarity, and expressions of faith. It represents a moment of spiritual reflection, family unity, and cultural identity. The practices surrounding the festival highlight the Hui people’s unique position within Chinese society, allowing them to maintain their Islamic traditions while contributing to the broader cultural mosaic of the nation.
In summary, the Corban Festival (Zaisheng Festival) serves as a profound expression of faith for the Hui ethnic minority in China. It blends religious observance with communal celebration, encapsulating the values of sacrifice, sharing, and togetherness that define this vibrant community.
Chinese Name: 基诺族成人礼(成年节)
English Name: Coming-of-Age Ceremony (Chengnianjie) Festival of Jinuo Ethni Minority
http://www.sohu.com/a/128890596_100279
Chinese Name: 基诺族好希早节(新米节)
English Name: Haoxizao Festival of Jinuo Ethni Minority
Haoxizao Festival of Jinuo Ethnic Minority also called Axizao Festival, people celebrate this festival on Tiger’s Day (every 12 days will be a Tiger Day), on lunar month of August and September, the grain is just becoming ripped during this period, so people celebrate it for great harvest. “Haoxizao” is the transliteration from Jinuo Ethnic Minority’s language, it means “having new delicacy” or “Taste something new”. Before the festival, all the men from every household will gather together with the elder (called “Zhuoba” also called “Old Fire Head”, “Zhuosheng”, Old Buddha”) to discuss the sacrifice offering arrangements. First of all, the elder will offering sacrifice to the barn spirit, then taste the new rice, after that each household will start to celebrate the festival next day.
First step of offering sacrifice(Jiaoguhun/叫谷魂) to barn spirit is: a man carries a basket with a couple of chicken, and walk straight to the field, pick some flowers in the basket. After that, he shaking a delicate bamboo box which with silver bracelet and silver coin in it while singing. But he is not allowed to turn around all the way to the barn. Then he will put a bunch of straw with flowers in the forked road. Slaughter chicken and pig when gets home, then hang up the heads of chicken and pig in the gate of barn. That’s called slaughter offering to barn spirit(Jiguhun/祭谷魂).
After offering sacrifice to barn spirit, will have two persons to select some ripped and plump grain from their own rice filed to pestle new rice. Then cooking the new rice in the house of elder, all the family members are sitting around and observing which direction the steam will be burst up. It’s an original divination. Different directions have different meanings. East: the descendant will be prosperous in the future; South: the great harvest next year; West: hunting gains; North: the descendant will be not very well in health and with bad luck in the future. Offering sacrifice to barn soul, ancestors and ironsmith spirit with cooked chicken and a bowl of rice, the elder who host this sacrifice ceremony will recite the poem to pray for the peace and great harvest every year. Each family shall invite the elder people to have meal on the festival.
The relatives will be invited as well, if not available to come, a pack of new rice and a piece of chicken will be sent to their home. But nowadays, more and more people celebrate Haoxizao festival without the sacrifice but only with best wishes for great harvest.
Overview
- Chinese Name: 瑶族干巴节
- English Name: Ganba Festival of Yao Ethnic Minority
The Ganba Festival, also known as the “Gaoba Festival,” is a significant cultural celebration for the Yao ethnic minority in China. This festival, which typically occurs in late autumn, is a time for expressing gratitude, fostering community ties, and celebrating cultural heritage. The Yao people, with their rich traditions and diverse customs, regard this festival as one of the most important occasions in their calendar.
Historical Background
The Yao ethnic minority, also known as the Yao people, is spread across various provinces in China, including Guangxi, Hunan, Yunnan, and Guangdong. The Ganba Festival has its roots in agricultural practices and is closely associated with the harvest season. Over the years, it has evolved into a broader cultural celebration that encompasses various aspects of Yao identity.
Timing
The Ganba Festival is celebrated on the 8th day of the 10th lunar month, although the exact date may vary by locality due to regional differences in customs and agricultural cycles. It usually coincides with the end of the harvest, making it an apt time to give thanks for the bounty received.
Celebrations and Activities
The Ganba Festival features a variety of cultural and traditional activities, including:
- Ceremonial Offerings: During the festival, Yao families prepare offerings to their ancestors and deities, expressing gratitude for the year’s harvest. This typically includes food, rice wine, and various agricultural products.
- Feasting: The festival is marked by communal feasting, as families and neighbors come together to share a traditional meal. Dishes often include locally sourced ingredients and reflect the agricultural bounty of the Yao people.
- Cultural Performances: Music and dance play a central role in the Ganba Festival. Traditional songs, dances, and performances showcase Yao culture and history. The participants often wear vibrant traditional attire, adding color and vibrancy to the celebrations.
- Games and Competitions: Various sports and games are organized during the festival, promoting friendly competition and community bonding. Activities may include tug-of-war, rice-planting races, and traditional archery, which serve to strengthen social ties among community members.
- Rituals and Prayers: Rituals to honor ancestors and local deities are integral to the celebration. These activities encapsulate the spiritual aspects of the festival, as the Yao people seek blessings for the coming year.
Cultural Significance
The Ganba Festival is more than just an agricultural celebration; it is a profound expression of Yao cultural identity and community solidarity. Through the festival, the Yao people reaffirm their connection to their heritage, celebrate their agricultural practices, and strengthen social bonds. It serves as a time of reflection, gratitude, and unity, highlighting the communal nature of Yao life.
Overall, the Ganba Festival of the Yao ethnic minority is a vibrant and meaningful event, rich in tradition and cultural significance. It emphasizes the values of gratitude, community, and cultural pride, creating a unique space for the Yao people to celebrate their identity and heritage.
You Might Like
- 13 Days Yunnan Muslim Tour (Kunming-Jianshui-Yuanyang-Kunming-Dali-Lijiang-Shangri La)
- 10 Days Lijiang to Lugu Lake Bike Ride: In Kublai Khan’s Footsteps
- 1 Day XishuangBanna Nannuo Tea Mountain and Aini Ethnic Village Hiking Tour
- 4 Days Lijiang Muslim Tour with Jade Dragon Snow Mountain and Tiger Leaping Gorge
- 1 Day The Upper Tiger Leaping Gorge Tour (Shangri-La Part Without Hiking)
- 2 Days Tiger Leaping Gorge Hiking Group Tour
- 12 Days Yunnan-Sichuan Trekking Tour from Lugu Lake to Daocheng and Yading
- 2 Days Meili Snow Mountain and Yubeng Village Hiking Tour from Shangri-La
Changxin Festival of Pumi Ethnic Minority
Introduction of the Festival Chinese Name:普米族尝新节 English Name: Changxin Festival of Pumi Ethnic Minority Every harvest season, the people hold a ceremony where each household opens a new jar of wine,...
Coming-of-Age Ceremony of Pumi Ethnic Minority
Chinese Name:普米族成年礼 English Name: Coming-of-Age Ceremony of Pumi Ethnic Minority The girls’ coming-of-age ceremony is called “The Ceremony of Wearing Skirts”(“穿裙子礼”) and is hosted by their mothers. The little...
Mountain Pilgrimage Festival of Pumi Ethnic Minority
Introduction of the Festival Chinese Name:普米族转山节 English Name: Mountain Pilgrimage Festival of Pumi Ethnic Minority Mountain Pilgrimage Festival(转山节) is an activity of offering sacrifices to the mountain god on July...
Xiaoguonian Festival of Pumi Ethnic Minority
Overview of the Festival Chinese Name:普米族小过年 English Name: Xiaoguonian Festival of Pumi Ethnic Minority The Xiaoguonian Festival, also known as the “Little New Year” or “Minor New Year,” is...
Guafengzhai Puer Tea Plantation of Yiwu Mountain, Xishuangbanna
Want to travel in the fragrance of tea? Yiwu,the hometown of Puer Tea, which has “seven villages and eight Zhaizi”, along the line there are Huangtian(荒田), Manxiu(曼秀), Sanqiutian(三丘田), Luoshuidong(落水洞) ,...
Wuxi Festival of Pumi Ethnic Minority
Introductioon of The Festival Chinese Name:普米族大过年/吾昔节 English Name: Wuxi Festival or Daguonian Festival of Pumi Ethnic Minority The “Big New Year,” also known as “Wuxi Festival,” is one of...
Shoton Festival of Tibetan Ethnic Minority
Overview Chinese Name: 西藏雪顿节 English Name: Shoton Festival of Tibetan Ethnic Minority The Shoton Festival, also known as the Yogurt Festival, is a significant cultural and religious ceremony celebrated...
Festival of Fast-Breaking or Eid al-fitr of Hui Ethnic Minority
Overview Chinese Name: 回族肉孜节/开斋节 English Name: the Festival of Fast-Breaking or Eid al-fitr of Hui Ethnic Minority Eid al-Fitr, known as the Festival of Fast-Breaking, is one of the most...
Corban (Zaisheng) Festival of Hui Ethnic Minority
Overview Chinese Name:回族古尔邦节/宰牲节、献牲节、忠孝节、尔德节 English Name: Corban (Zaisheng) Festival of Hui Ethnic Minority The Corban Festival, also known as the Eid al-Adha or Zaisheng Festival, is one of the most...
Coming-of-Age Ceremony of Jinuo Ethni Minority
Chinese Name: 基诺族成人礼(成年节) English Name: Coming-of-Age Ceremony (Chengnianjie) Festival of Jinuo Ethni Minority http://www.sohu.com/a/128890596_100279...
Haoxizao Festival of Jinuo Ethni Minority
Chinese Name: 基诺族好希早节(新米节) English Name: Haoxizao Festival of Jinuo Ethni Minority Haoxizao Festival of Jinuo Ethnic Minority also called Axizao Festival, people celebrate this festival on Tiger’s Day (every...
Ganba Festival of Yao Ethnic Minority
Overview Chinese Name: 瑶族干巴节 English Name: Ganba Festival of Yao Ethnic Minority The Ganba Festival, also known as the “Gaoba Festival,” is a significant cultural celebration for the Yao...
Tips Before Travel
Bring copies of your passport
Don't assume you're restricted to the main hubs of Beijing and Shanghai, our tours can start from any city.
Register with your embassy
For your safety, please register with the Embassy.
Always have local cash
Exchange some local currency for your trip
Our Team
Fenggu Yingshan Tea House and Tea Culture Learning Lijiang
Charlie Lee-General Manager of Yaso Travel and Xilinshan Tea Company
Leon Liu-Network Engineer of Trans Asia Discovery
Vincent Zhao-French Market and the Founder of VoyagesYunnan.com
Gary Elliot-Shareholder of Trans Asia Discovery
Michael Huang-Excellent French and English-speaking Tour Guide in Yunnan
Stephane-Volunteer of Yaso Travel
David Yao-Lijiang Tour Operator of Yunnan Exploration
Cindy Cao-Yunnan Tour Operator
Xilinshan Tea House (Kunming, Yunnan)
Rachel Nan-China Tour Operator
Lydia Li-The Founder of Yunnan Exploration
Anna Chen-Yunnan Tour Operator
Kelly Yu-Yunnan Travel Consultant
Cloudy Fu-Website Editor of Yunnan Exploration
Cuiyuan Yang
Skye Zhang-website editor of Yunnan Exploration
Customize a Trip
Start planning your tailor-made holiday to China by contacting one of our specialists. Once enquired, you’ll get a response within 0.5~23.5 hours.
Latest Articles
Contact Info
