Zhang Yuanwen - Printmaker in Longyang District, Baoshan 

Introduction

Zhang Yuanwen (张元文), born in May 1953, is a renowned folk artist from Wowo Village (卧佛村), Banqiao Town (板桥镇), Longyang District (隆阳区), Baoshan City (保山市), Yunnan Province (云南省). He is celebrated for his mastery of Jiamas woodblock carving—also known as paper horses or ritual woodblock prints. Recognized in 2007 as a provincial-level inheritor of intangible cultural heritage, Zhang’s artistry represents both cultural preservation and personal resilience.

Quick Facts

Artistic Journey and Craft Features

A Life of Resilience

After graduating from primary school in 1967, Zhang worked as a farmer and later as a construction worker. In 1981, tragedy struck when he fell from scaffolding, breaking his spine and leaving his lower body paralyzed. Refusing to surrender to fate, Zhang began studying painting, woodcut, and ritual woodblock carving under the guidance of local master Dai Yangchang (戴杨昌) in 1982. Over the past 40 years, he overcame tremendous hardship to become a true master artisan.

Distinctive Craftsmanship

• Material Selection: He carefully chooses pear wood or toon wood, free of cracks or knots, and polishes the surface until smooth before beginning his work.

• Artistic Precision: Whether carving deities, animals, landscapes, or flowers, his lines flow vividly with lifelike detail. His reverse-carved ritual scripts are considered as precise and elegant as brush calligraphy—an exceptional feat.

• Rich Themes: Zhang has created over 3,000 woodblocks in more than 60 categories, including images of Qinglong (青龙), Baihu (白虎), Xuanwu (玄武), Taisui (太岁), the God of Joy (喜神), Mountain Gods (山神), Wealth Gods (财神), as well as Buddhist, Taoist, and ritual prints used in local ceremonies.

Cultural Value and Contributions

Cultural Heritage

Jiamas prints are a vital carrier of folk beliefs and customs in Longyang (隆阳区) and western Yunnan. They blend elements of Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, and local polytheistic traditions, forming a vast spiritual system. Zhang’s work thus provides invaluable insights into local intellectual and religious history.

Teaching and Transmission

A “Jiamas Print Learning Center” (甲马画传习所) has been established at Zhang’s home, ensuring the continuity of this ancient craft and providing opportunities for apprentices to learn.

Innovation and Modern Use

To safeguard and revitalize the tradition, cultural organizations are experimenting with incorporating Jiamas elements into packaging, cultural products, and tourism souvenirs, allowing this heritage to integrate into modern life.

Conclusion

Zhang Yuanwen is more than an artisan—he is a symbol of resilience and dedication. Rising from personal adversity, he devoted his life to perfecting and preserving Jiamas woodblock carving. Through his artistry and determination, he has ensured that this ancient tradition not only survives but continues to inspire future generations.