White Water Terrace|(Baishuitai)
Baishuitai or Baishui Tableland, also named the White Water Terraces, is located in the foothills of the Haba Snow Mountains, 101 kilometers (about 62 miles) southeast of the Shangri-la County. It is known as one of the most attractive destinations in mysterious Shangri-La and is an ancient Chinese landform with a history of 200,000 to 300,000 years.
The variegated landform of the tableland is a continual deposition of calcium carbonate that is contained in the spring water. Every year, the surface of the land is covered by the deposition and finally transformed into the terraced structure you see today. Today, the Baishui Tableland covers an area of three square kilometers (about 741 acres).
The spring water runs down along the slope of the mountain, leaving an impression of a large white jade carving among the green mountain. The tableland lies layer by layer giving the appearance of a terraced field, so the local people call it ‘a field left by fairies’. To the left of the tableland, there is a pool and a moon-shaped platform that is said to be the dresser of the fairies. During the autumn, the mountains around the Baishui Tableland will be covered by various bright-colored flowers and leaves. Amid the mountains, the Baishui Tableland will form a spectacular white contrast.
Besides being a beautifully scenic spot, the Baishui Tableland is also the birthplace of Dongba culture of the Naxi Minority Group. According to legend, the first saint of the Dongba Religion was attracted by the fascinating scenery of this place on his way back from Tibet. He then stopped to missionize here. Later, the Baishui Tableland became known as the Holy Land of the Dongba Religion. When the second saint of the Dongba Religion came here, he created the Dongba pictograph. Each year, on the eighth day of the second lunar month, the Naxi people will gather here to celebrate their traditional festival by singing and dancing all day and night.
More about Baishuitai
It is a stunning, largely uphill ride, through dense forests and undulating meadows, crossed by rushing rivers. On our way we pass the occasional nomads’ tent and several small, Minority and Tibetan villages.
The first of them is a rickety, wooden Yi settlement that is virtually deserted. According to our driver, a taciturn Tibetan, the Yi are probably out gathering mushrooms. Curiously, the subject of the Yi is the very first to loosen his tongue: he claims that the Tibetans dislike the Yi because they practise slash and burn agriculture and are responsible for the cutting down of the forests…. Moreover, in general, they are not to be trusted (his words, not ours). His outburst leaves us a bit baffled because, as far as we know, not all Tibetans are equally ecologically-minded. What to think e.g. of the extended use many Tibetans make of rare furs? Fortunately, our driver is much more positive about the Hui village we pass later. The Hui people living there have adopted the Tibetan language and way of dressing, to the point where they have become almost indistinguishable from the Tibetan majority. Apparently, their ancestors fled to the area when the Muslim Kingdom of Dali was overthrown by the Qing troops, around 1850 or 60.
After three hours of leisurely driving, we get to Sanba, the village at the foot of the limestone terraces, where there is food and accommodation. Fortified by a tasty lunch, we buy a ticket and start climbing, along a well-built path, with whole stretches of timbered walkway and wooden staircases.
Just as we are approaching the first terraces, an old Tibetan guy with a cowboy hat and lots of beads appears from out of nowhere and beckons us onto the shiny surface which, we are surprised to find, isn’t slippery at all! He lures us to his small shrine, lights incense and ‘prays’ over us and, of course, expects a donation.. Never mind, we rather like the chap and the photos are great.
We walk up higher and come to a plateau, where the terraces end, though it looks as if the shallow, water-filled circles that are forming here may well develop into new terraces in the distant future. Up here, a profusion of wildflowers add colour and charm to the already photogenic terraces. Another old man, popping up unexpectedly, indicates that we should go a bit further, that there is more… There is, in fact, a beautiful crystal-clear pool where the water for the terraces originates. And in front of the pool there is another shrine, guarded by an ancient Dongba, or Naxi shaman, a shrivelled little man in robes with a pointy goatee and thick round glasses, holding a book of Naxi pictograms who, as you can guess, also wants to ‘pray’ for us and receive a donation. According to the Forbidden Kingdom (Peter Goullart’s book, mentioned in the Lijiang section), it is advisable to stay on the right side of these Dongbas, as they can be tricky when in a bad mood. So, we cheerfully undergo another mini ceremony, fork out the cash and take some good shots of the old guy.
After a short walk around the plateau, we return to the car and head back towards Zhongdian. We only manage to get our driver going one more time, on the subject of change in Zhongdian, Lijiang, Lhasa… and how he disapproves of it all! Close to town, we drive past a ‘Tibetan Cultural Tour Village’, or some such title, and ask him what kind of place it is. He just shrugs and says dryly, a rip-off joint. We do like this guy’s sense of humour!
Nestled on the northern slopes of Haba Snow Mountain (哈巴雪山) in Shangri-La (香格里拉), Baishuitai (白水台) is a breathtakingly beautiful destination. Beyond its stunning natural landscapes, it serves as the cradle of Dongba culture, hosting spectacular cultural festivities that attract countless visitors eager to explore its wonders.
“Chaobaishui” Dongba Culture Tourism Festival
Every March, Baishuitai becomes the vibrant stage for the grand “Chaobaishui” （朝白水）Dongba Culture Tourism Festival.
Folk Art Invitational Competition: A Global Gathering of Talent
On March 6, the Folk Art Invitational Competition kicks off. Artistic groups and individuals from around the world flock to this cultural rendezvous, showcasing their talents centered around Dongba culture. The stage comes alive with dazzling ethnic costumes, mesmerizing ancient Dongba music, and diverse performances, including dance, instrumental music, and drama. It feels like an impromptu artistic battle, where performers vividly interpret the essence of Dongba culture. The competition awards first, second, and third prizes, with the winning performances showcased on March 7. Exceptional works will also be featured on various platforms, potentially leading to commercial collaborations.
As night falls, the bustling long-table banquet begins, where visitors savor local delicacies while soaking in the rich ethnic ambiance. Post-dinner, storytelling sessions around the fire set the mood for the grand bonfire party, where people join hands, dance, and sing around the flames, leaving behind all worries.
Cultural and Creative Design Competition: Unleash Creativity and Win Big
From March to September, the Shangri-La Cultural and Creative Product Design Competition is in full swing. With a theme centered on Shangri-La culture, the competition spans multiple categories. The launch event takes place at Baishuitai, where designers infuse inspiration from technology, intangible cultural heritage, and Tibetan aesthetics. Exquisite creations such as Meili Snow Mountain (梅里雪山)-themed silver jewelry, unique Nixi black pottery (尼西黑陶) coffee cups, and specialty gifts made from matsutake mushroom paste and highland roses captivate visitors. The competition adopts a combination of online voting and expert evaluation to determine the gold, silver, and bronze prizes. The winners are honored in September at the Cultural Tourism Festival, gaining significant recognition and exposure.
Immersive Intangible Cultural Heritage Experiences: A Journey Through Time
Intangible Heritage Workshop: Crafting Dongba-Inspired Artifacts
At 10:00 AM, the Intangible Heritage Workshop begins! Here, visitors can participate in block printing of Dongba scriptures, experiencing the mystical power of ancient writing. Veteran Dongba masters guide participants in painting sacred totems on leather drums, and some even receive handwritten blessings from the master himself. Witnessing the century-old technique of Dongba paper-making is another highlight. Visitors can try their hand at crafting a sheet of Dongba paper to take home as a memorable souvenir. Writing pictographs on Dongba paper transports one through time, forging a connection with the ancient Naxi (纳西族) ancestors.
Chaobaishui Blessing Ritual: Making Heartfelt Wishes
From 11:00 AM to 11:30 AM, the Chaobaishui Blessing Ritual takes place. Led by Dongba priests, participants light juniper incense, sending wisps of fragrant smoke skyward as prayers echo through the valley, creating a mystical ambiance. With deep reverence, people gather by the sacred spring to make wishes. It is said that prayers made here are particularly effective, bringing peace and fortune to oneself and loved ones. This ritual profoundly conveys the Dongba culture’s respect for nature and spirituality.
Agricultural Heritage Experience: Journey Through the “Fields of the Immortals”
At 2:00 PM, under the guidance of Naxi elders, visitors embark on a journey through the “Fields of the Immortals.” Baishuitai’s unique geological formations create a cascade of terraces resembling a sacred farming landscape. Here, one can use ancient farming tools to experience plowing, sowing, and other traditional agricultural activities, embracing the simplicity and charm of rural life. Surrounding exhibits showcase local farming customs and agricultural products, providing a deeper understanding of the region’s rich heritage.
Cultural and Creative Market: Discover Unique Treasures
After an immersive heritage experience, take a stroll through the cultural and creative market, a true treasure trove. Handcrafted Tibetan goods and highland specialty products fill the stalls. Whether choosing a unique souvenir for a friend or a keepsake for oneself, there’s something for everyone. The market’s setup exudes an Instagram-worthy aesthetic, making every snapshot a masterpiece. Bring ample storage space because every corner is worth capturing. Some stalls even allow bargaining—who knows, you might snag a fantastic deal on your favorite items!
The Grand Dongba Cultural Performance: A Spectacular Audio-Visual Feast
On the afternoon of March 7, an unmissable grand performance awaits. The “Chaobaishui” cultural performance takes center stage, electrifying the atmosphere. Following opening speeches, the official unveiling of Baishuitai as a 4A Scenic Area marks a significant milestone in its development. The micro-film production launch ceremony introduces mystery guests, heightening anticipation.
The highlight is the mesmerizing ethnic dance and music showcase, vividly portraying Dongba culture. The reenactment of “The Sacred Path of Dongba” (东巴神路图) by the dance troupe is particularly breathtaking, transporting the audience into the ancient Dongba world. The winners of the competition also get their moment in the spotlight, with performances rivaling professional productions like “Dynamic Yunnan” (云南映象). The skill and passion of the performers earn waves of applause from the audience.
Travel Tips
- Clothing Preparation: Baishuitai experiences significant temperature fluctuations between day and night. Be sure to bring a down vest or warm clothing to stay comfortable, especially during chilly mornings and evenings.
- Payment Methods: While most market stalls accept electronic payments, carrying some cash is advisable. Certain areas may have weak network signals, making cash transactions more convenient.
- Footwear Selection: The calcium-rich pools at Baishuitai can be slippery, so wear non-slip shoes to ensure safe exploration.
- Transportation Guide: If driving, plan your route in advance. Alternatively, take a direct bus from Lijiang, which takes approximately three hours. Since no public transportation reaches Baishuitai directly, these two options are the most convenient. If time permits, consider exploring nearby attractions, such as the world-renowned hiking destination, Tiger Leaping Gorge (虎跳峡), to witness nature’s awe-inspiring power.
As the prayer flags flutter in the spring breeze and the sacred drums awaken the sleeping snow mountains, this March, embark on a journey to Baishuitai in Shangri-La. Immerse yourself in a cultural adventure spanning centuries, find peace and inspiration in Dongba traditions and intangible heritage, and create unforgettable travel memories.
The breathtaking Baishuitai terraces represent both natural wonder and spiritual birthplace. Situated in Baidi Village (白地村), Shangri-La County (香格里拉县), this three-square-kilometer sinter terrace formation – China’s largest – was created by calcium carbonate deposits from mountain springs. The Naxi (纳西族) call it “growing flower,” where crystal waters cascade down Haba Snow Mountain (哈巴雪山), forming what locals reverently call “a field left by fairies.”
Birthplace of Dongba Religion (东巴教)
This sacred site witnessed the dawn of Naxi civilization:
- First Saint Dingbashiluo (丁巴什罗): The religion’s founder abandoned his Tibetan return journey upon seeing Baishuitai’s beauty, establishing his missionary base here
- Second Saint Ahmingshiluo (阿明什罗): Systematized Dongba pictographs and scriptures at this holy ground
- Doctrinal Significance: White sinter symbolizes purity in Dongba theology, making pilgrimage essential for true believers
Living Cultural Traditions
Each lunar February 8th, Naxi people celebrate their most vibrant festival:
- Wearing ceremonial attire, they circle the terraces singing and dancing
- Perform sacred rituals honoring the land’s divine creation myth
- Commemorate their transition from nomadic to agricultural life
Geological Marvel
The terraces demonstrate nature’s artistry:
- Spring water from Haba Snow Mountain deposits crystallized sodium carbonate
- Forms intricate marble-like formations across three terraced levels
- Creates stunning white mineral contrasts against emerald mountains
Spiritual Legacy
Baishuitai remains central to Naxi identity as:
- The holy land where Dongba scriptures were perfected
- A living model of the Creator’s agricultural design
- The physical manifestation of their spiritual connection to nature
This UNESCO-recognized site continues to inspire awe as both geological phenomenon and cultural touchstone, where every ripple in the sinter tells the story of a civilization’s dawn.
Yubeng Village, with its serene and remote setting, is not a place that offers typical tourist entertainment such as nightclubs, cinemas, or shopping malls. However, its charm lies in its natural beauty, traditional Tibetan culture, and the opportunity to immerse oneself in outdoor activities and spiritual experiences. Here’s a look at the unique types of entertainment and activities that you can enjoy while visiting Yubeng Village:
1. Trekking and Nature Exploration
Yubeng Village is primarily a destination for nature lovers and adventure enthusiasts, and the surrounding landscape offers ample opportunities for trekking, exploration, and photography.
Popular Hikes:
- Sacred Waterfall Trek: A hike to the Sacred Waterfall, which is an important spiritual site for the local Tibetan community. The falls are majestic and surrounded by lush wilderness, creating a tranquil atmosphere.
- Glacier Lake Hike: A challenging yet rewarding trek to the stunning Glacier Lake, offering pristine views of snow-capped peaks and a serene alpine lake.
- Yubeng Village Trails: There are numerous trails around the village, perfect for short hikes to explore the local flora, fauna, and beautiful landscapes.
Activities:
- Photography: With its dramatic mountain views, cascading waterfalls, and traditional Tibetan villages, Yubeng is a photographer’s paradise. Capture the essence of the Himalayas and the Tibetan way of life.
- Birdwatching: The area is rich in biodiversity, and birdwatchers can enjoy spotting a variety of bird species that inhabit the forests and alpine meadows.
2. Cultural Immersion
A significant part of the “entertainment” in Yubeng Village comes from immersing yourself in the local Tibetan culture, which is rich in tradition, spirituality, and community. You’ll find that the villagers’ way of life is closely tied to nature, and participating in cultural activities can be an enriching experience.
Cultural Experiences:
- Tibetan Buddhism: Visit local monasteries or Tibetan shrines where you can learn about Tibetan Buddhism and even participate in traditional prayers or rituals. Many visitors enjoy receiving blessings from the monks.
- Tibetan Music and Dance: While not a frequent event, if you’re lucky, you might get the chance to enjoy traditional Tibetan music or dance in the evenings when locals gather to celebrate or during special festivals.
- Interaction with Locals: The warm and welcoming villagers offer a glimpse into their way of life. You can engage with the locals to learn about their traditions, such as the making of Tibetan handicrafts, including thangkas (Tibetan religious paintings), prayer flags, and woven items.
3. Spiritual Experiences
Yubeng is a deeply spiritual place, with its Tibetan Buddhist roots running through every aspect of village life. Many travelers come to Yubeng for its peaceful ambiance and spiritual rejuvenation.
Spiritual Activities:
- Meditation: Yubeng’s peaceful and secluded environment is perfect for self-reflection and meditation. Whether you choose to meditate by the Sacred Waterfall or beside the serene Glacier Lake, the calm surroundings encourage mindfulness and inner peace.
- Pilgrimage Trails: Yubeng is a destination for Tibetan Buddhist pilgrims. Many come here to visit sacred sites like the Sacred Waterfall, Glacier Lake, and the surrounding mountains, believing them to hold spiritual significance. You can join pilgrims in their journey and gain insights into their practices.
- Prayer Flags and Rituals: The prayer flags that flutter in the wind throughout the village and along the trekking routes are central to Tibetan culture. You can participate in the ritual of hanging prayer flags or making offerings at shrines for blessings of health, peace, and prosperity.
4. Stargazing
Due to its remote location and the absence of light pollution, Yubeng offers excellent opportunities for stargazing. On clear nights, you can gaze at the stars, observe constellations, and witness the Milky Way stretching across the sky. The Meili Snow Mountains, with their snowy peaks, create a stunning backdrop for the night sky, making it a memorable experience for nature lovers and astronomy enthusiasts alike.
5. Traditional Tibetan Cuisine
While in Yubeng, you can enjoy the rich flavors of Tibetan cuisine. Sharing a meal with the locals or in guesthouses is an important cultural experience.
Food Experiences:
- Momos: Tibetan dumplings filled with meat or vegetables, often served with spicy dipping sauce.
- Thukpa: A hearty noodle soup, often made with yak meat or vegetables.
- Tsampa: A traditional Tibetan dish made from roasted barley flour, commonly served with yak butter tea.
- Yak Butter Tea: A traditional Tibetan drink made with butter, tea, and salt. It’s an important part of Tibetan culture and is a great way to warm up in the cold mountain air.
6. Festivals and Celebrations
If you visit during a local festival or religious celebration, you might be treated to traditional dances, music, and rituals that are not commonly seen in other parts of China. Tibetan festivals, such as Losar (Tibetan New Year), Saga Dawa (celebrating Buddha’s life), and Chhewa (a harvest festival), offer a unique opportunity to witness the rich cultural heritage of the Tibetan people.
During these events, locals gather to perform traditional dances and rituals. Visitors who are present during these times can join in the celebrations or observe the vibrant performances that reflect Tibetan spiritual and cultural practices.
7. Horseback Riding
As Yubeng is only accessible by foot or horseback, horseback riding is an essential part of the local way of life. If you prefer a less strenuous way to explore the area, you can take a horseback ride around the village or to nearby scenic spots. It’s also a great way to experience the Tibetan nomadic lifestyle and interact with the local herders.
While Yubeng Village does not offer typical entertainment like cities or tourist resorts, the village provides an immersive experience in nature, culture, and spirituality. The remote setting, breathtaking landscapes, and welcoming local community make Yubeng a haven for those seeking adventure, peace, and a deeper connection with Tibetan traditions. Whether you’re trekking, stargazing, experiencing Tibetan culture, or simply relaxing in the tranquil environment, Yubeng Village offers entertainment in the form of unique and enriching experiences.
Deqin is a Tibetan community in northwestern Yunnan known for its Tibetan language education. In 2005, PCD began supporting the Kawagebo Cultural Society in organising a Tibetan literacy class for villagers in Hongpo and Jiangpo villages. In addition to Tibetan literacy, Tibetan traditional folktales, songs and classic scripts are also taught. Many feel inspired and enlightened now that they are able to master their own language.
“I come every day. I know how to write my own name in Tibetan now. And I understand the world more when I read Tibetan,” said Ersong Quzhu. Her fellow villager Zaxi echoed, “Our tradition is getting weaker and weaker. Before we only watched the television. Now we study our tradition. We talk and everyone in the family is very happy.” Many said that they were awakened when they studied the teachings of Buddhism written in Tibetan. Participants appreciated the Tibetan class because it enabled them to document words of the Xianzi, the traditional chants and lyrics of folksongs for future generations.
Wisdom from the Xianzi
The Kawagebo Cultural Society has been very active in promoting traditional Xianzi chants. Through the Xianzi, people connect to Tibetan history, culture and ethics, and particularly the value of respecting nature. For fear that this traditional genre will disappear, some young members of the Kawagebo Cultural Society organised Xianzi training workshops and competitions among villages in Deqin County. The activities were very well received by Tibetan communities in all the villages. It is now one of the best and the most popular activities in Deqin. In 2007, the first Xianzi festival was held in Hongpo Village. People came in their beautiful new costumes from different villages to dance and chant Xianzi.
Aside from the Tibetan language and Xianzi, Tibetan architecture is another treasure of traditional Tibetan culture. Each Tibetan house is a small world that co-exists in harmony with the snow-capped holy Kawagebo Mountain. But in the wake of economic development, many houses in Deqin have departed from the traditional design and principles that are in harmony with nature. In 2006, PCD supported the training of construction carpenters from Mingyong and Jiabi villages in modern as well as traditional architecture. We also supported their initiatives to put ideas into action, to enhance appreciation of Tibetan architectural traditions and community culture. Results have been mixed as issues of investment, techniques and economic impacts were considered. The plan for the next endeavour is to concentrate efforts on nurturing the capacity of local architects in traditional and ecologically friendly construction.
Deqin County Entertainment
Hongwu years (1372), to Masanori three years (1508), Mill Division Zhaotao Deqin as several survey (Markham) and million house (Batang) jurisdictions. Ming Zheng began four years (1509), Deqin of Lijiang Naxi soil prefect given occupation, was called Adelaide Emirates.
Chong twelve years (1639) and the Mongolian Ministry of Khoshut leader Gushi Khan sent troops to the south, defeated wood’s soil prefect, Deqin Mongolia Khoshut portion control.
Shunzhi fifty-eight years (1648) to the reign of Emperor Kangxi (1665), Deqin Tibet subordination home range.
Fifty-eight years of Emperor Kangxi (1719), the Qing Dynasty control jurisdiction Batang Batang located deputy chieftain, Deqin return Batang jurisdiction.
Qing Emperor Yongzheng five years (1727) demarcated Ching Chuan, Yunnan-Tibet border. Deqin by the Sichuan (Batang jurisdiction) under the Yunnan Province.
Thirty-three years Guangxu (1906) Let A baidunzi urging members (committee summer butterfly), owned Weixi pass sentence restraint, after the county failed test.
Republic of China four years (1915), to set up A baidunzi Administrative Commission. Chief Commission officials who have a total of 12 people. Republic of China 21 years (1932), to set up A baidunzi administrative bureau. Republic of China 24 years to “Deqin Lin” (1 Cor: Tibetan, meaning monastery) of the sound, renamed Deqin Governing Council, administer Yan door, Yunling, Foshan and Shengping town.
May 20, 1950, at Shengping Town Deqin peaceful liberation celebration meeting was held. Lijiang prefectural Party sent the army to take over the Deqin county council on behalf of the Governing Council and the establishment of the county people’s government institutions – Deqin County Administrative Bureau, under the Lijiang area commissioner.
May 1952, the General Assembly convened representatives of the people of all circles in Deqin County inaugural first meeting, the Conference decided to set up Deqin Tibetan Autonomous Region and the regional government. In December 1955, at the sixth meeting of the Conference on behalf of the people of all circles in Deqin County First, it was decided to Dechen Tibetan Autonomous Region to Deqin County, the county people’s government renamed the People’s Committee of the county.
September 1957, the establishment of Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Deqin County, Lijiang area classified by the Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture build.
History of Shangri-La City
Diqing has long history. Wexi Lisu Autonomous County’s Gordon Neolithic sites proves that as early as six or seven thousand years ago, there was human lives and breeds in Diqing.
About two or three thousands years ago, Tubo ancestors had been here and created distinctive aboriginal culture.
In Qin Dynasty, Tibetan Empire’s ruling power had extended to Diqing already.
In Han Dynasty, Shangri-la was the land of Yark Qiang.
In the Three Kingdoms Period, it belonged to Yunnan.
In South and North Dynasties, it belonged to Dangxian Tribe.
During Sui Dynasty, it was under the administration of Nanningzhou Main Office.
In Tang Dynasty China, it was the land of Shenzhou of Tibetan Empire.
In Song Dynasty, it was in Dali Kingdom.
In Yuan Dynasty, it was name “Da Dan Dang”, and in 1293, it belonged to Luxuanweisi Government.
After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, it belonged to Lijiang Military and Civilian Government.
During Qing Dynasty, Shangri-la was gave to Dalai Lama by Wu Sangui, and In 1726, it was put under LIjiang Government.
In Apirl, 1913, Zhongdiang Ting was renamed to Zhongdian County
On May 10, 1950, Zhongdian was liberated and put under Lijiang Prefecture.
On Sep. 13, 1957, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture was officially established.
On Dec. 17, 2001, Zhongdian County renamed as Shangri-la County.
History of The Name “Shangri-La” City
At first it seemed like a typically overstated tourist campaign: ‘Shangri-la Found’. Only they weren’t kidding. In November 1997 ‘experts’ had established with ‘certainty’ that the fabled ‘Shangri-la’ of James Hilton’s 1933 bestseller Lost Horizon was, indeed, in Déqīn County.
Hilton’s novel (later filmed by Frank Capra and starring Ronald Coleman and Jane Wyatt) tells the story of four travellers who are hijacked and crash-land in a mountain utopia ruled by a 163-year-old holy man. This ‘Shangri-la’ is in the Valley of the Blue Moon, a beautiful fertile valley backed by a perfect pyramid peak, Mt Karakul.
The claim is based primarily on the fact that Déqīn’s Kawa Karpo peak resembles the ‘pyramid-shaped’ landmark of Mt Karakul. Also, the county’s blood-red valleys with three parallel rivers fit a valley from Lost Horizon.
One plausible theory is that Hilton, writing the novel in northwest London, based his descriptions of Shangri-la on articles by Joseph Rock that he had read in National Geographic magazine, detailing Rock’s expeditions to remote parts of Lìjiāng and Déqīn. Hilton’s invented place name ‘Shangri-la’ may have been a corruption of the word Shambhala, a mystical Buddhist paradise.
After Déqīn staked its claim to the name Shangri-la, rival bids popped up around Yúnnán. Cízhōng in Wēxī County pointed out that its Catholic churches and Tibetan monasteries live side by side in the valley. Meanwhile, Dàochéng, just over the border in Sìchuān, had a strong bid based around the pyramid peak of its mountain Channa Dorje and the fact that Rock wrote about the region in several articles.
Cynics have had a field day with this and the resulting hijacking of the concept, part of which was to establish tourism as an industry to replace logging, which had been banned.
Shangri-la is at its heart surely a metaphor. As a skinny-dipping Jane Wyatt says in the film version of the book: ‘I’m sure there’s a wish for Shangri-la in everyone’s heart…’
Intangible Cultural Heritage Experience Center: A Deep Dive into Tibetan Culture
The Intangible Cultural Heritage Experience Center (非遗体验中心) is a must-visit, offering more than you can imagine. Upon entering, you can join a free one-hour guided session covering local history, customs, and the profound aspects of Tibetan culture. Volunteers provide detailed explanations about Tibetan incense, from identifying raw materials to understanding the entire production process.
You also have the chance to make handmade Tibetan incense (藏香) for free—mixing various herbal powders to create your personalized incense, experiencing the tactile connection with tradition. Another highlight is the Thangka (唐卡) painting experience, which is also free! Choose your favorite pattern, pick up a brush, and carefully fill in the colors, fully immersing yourself in the process. If you wish to laminate and take your artwork home, it costs only 10 RMB.
This place is perfect for family activities, where parents and children can paint Thangkas together, creating warm and joyful memories.
Tips:
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Plan your visit wisely—guided explanations are usually unavailable after 9 PM.
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Thangka painting time varies; it typically takes around 45 minutes, but for those less skilled (like me), it might take at least 1.5 hours. Ensure you have enough time.
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The experience center is very popular, so visit in the morning to avoid long waits.
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The shop sells handmade Tibetan incense and bead bracelets (藏香手串)—purchase rationally and avoid impulsive buying.
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If you want to experience everything, allocate at least half a day.
Buno Leather Carving Art Museum: A Fascinating World of Traditional Leather Art
A visit to the Buno Leather Carving Art Museum (布诺皮雕文化艺术馆) is highly recommended. Here, the traditional Tibetan leather carving craft is beautifully displayed. Free guided tours introduce you to the mysteries of leather carving. If you’re lucky, you might see an artist coloring the carvings live—their focused expressions and exquisite skills are truly mesmerizing.
The museum houses lifelike leather carvings of figures, animals, and Tibetan cultural elements, all intricately crafted with incredible detail. The entire visit takes about 30 minutes.
Tibetan Embroidery Art: A Poetic Expression of Tibetan Culture
The Tibetan Embroidery Art Institute (藏绣文化艺术院) is another must-visit spot. It showcases Tibetan embroidered Thangkas (藏绣唐卡), which differ from traditional painted Thangkas as they are entirely stitched by hand. Although there are no live demonstrations, each artwork is accompanied by a detailed description.
If you skim through, you might leave in just two minutes, but if you take the time to read the descriptions and appreciate the craftsmanship, you’ll uncover the deep cultural significance behind each piece.
Thangka Art Studios: Encountering the World of Thangka Paintings
Shangri-La Thangka Academy
The Shangri-La Thangka Academy (香格里拉唐卡画院) is filled with Thangka artworks, accompanied by informative texts. If you want a systematic introduction to Thangka art, this is the place to go. It also offers long-term Thangka painting courses for those genuinely interested in learning.
Dayata Thangka Art Museum
The Dayata Thangka Art Museum (达雅塔唐卡美术馆) has two floors:
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The first floor features a collection of Thangka paintings with detailed descriptions to help you understand the complex figures and cultural stories behind them.
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The second floor offers a paid Thangka painting experience, where you can create your own artwork under professional guidance.
Other Recommended Thangka Studios
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Fanmiao Thangka Academy (凡妙唐卡画院)
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Jiamusa Thangka Academy (甲木萨唐卡画院)
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Moonlight Treasure Box Art Center (月光宝盒艺术中心)
These studios all provide paid Thangka painting experiences. You can select custom canvases and mineral pigments, and instructors will guide you step by step. No prior painting experience is required—anyone can start their Thangka journey here.
Each studio offers different designs and prices, so it’s best to visit a few and choose your favorite pattern before starting. The process takes about half a day, but it’s incredibly therapeutic—allowing you to completely clear your mind and immerse yourself in creation. Your finished piece makes for a unique home decoration or a meaningful gift.
Note:
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Thangkas carry profound Tibetan Buddhist cultural significance and should not be viewed solely as ordinary artworks. When purchasing, make rational decisions.
Embracing the Rich Tibetan Culture of Dukezong Ancient Town
Slow down and truly experience the cultural treasures of Dukezong Ancient Town (独克宗古城). You’ll find that its charm far exceeds expectations, and every encounter becomes a deep conversation with Tibetan culture spanning thousands of years.
Religious Culture
Tibetan Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism is the most significant religious belief in Shangri-La. Songzanlin Monastery (松赞林寺), known as the “Little Potala Palace,” is the most famous Tibetan Buddhist monastery in the region and serves as an important religious and cultural center.
Dongba Culture
Dongba culture is the traditional religious culture of the Naxi people (纳西族), characterized by Dongba pictographs (东巴象形文字), Dongba paintings (东巴绘画), and Dongba rituals (东巴祭祀). Baishuitai (白水台) is the birthplace of Dongba culture and hosts annual Dongba cultural tourism events.
Folk Culture
Traditional Festivals
Tibetan New Year
One of the most grand celebrations, featuring visits among friends and family, reunion feasts, and Guozhuang Dance (锅庄舞) performances.
Horse Racing Festival
Held every May, this is one of the most exciting traditional festivals in Shangri-La, featuring horse racing, bullfighting, and cultural performances.
Dragon Boat Festival Horse Racing Festival
Celebrated during the Dragon Boat Festival (端午节), this event includes horse racing, artistic performances, and bonfire parties.
Ethnic Costumes
Shangri-La’s ethnic groups have unique traditional attire, such as the Tibetan Chuba (藏袍) and the Naxi shoulder cape (披肩), reflecting deep cultural heritage.
Culinary Culture
The local cuisine is primarily Tibetan, featuring Tsampa (糌粑), Butter Tea (酥油茶), and Highland Barley Wine (青稞酒), along with Naxi specialties like Preserved Pork Rib Hotpot (腊排骨火锅).
Traditional Crafts
Tibetan Black Pottery Making
The Nixi Black Pottery (尼西黑陶) is a recognized intangible cultural heritage, and its handmade products are popular souvenirs among visitors.
Dongba Paper Making
Dongba Paper (东巴纸) is a unique handmade craft of the Naxi people, valued for its cultural significance and intricate production process.
Cultural Activities
Guozhuang Dance
A traditional unaccompanied group dance of the Tibetan people, Guozhuang Dance (锅庄舞) in Shangri-La has both Old Guozhuang (旧锅庄) and New Guozhuang (新锅庄) styles, with diverse dance steps.
Cultural Performances
Shangri-La frequently hosts performances showcasing Tibetan and Naxi folk music and dance, offering an artistic glimpse into the region’s diverse culture.
Cultural Experience Activities
Events such as the Dongba Cultural Tourism Festival (东巴文化旅游活动) at Baishuitai (白水台) allow visitors to engage in Dongba Paper Making (东巴纸制作), Dongba Drum Making (东巴鼓制作), and Dongba Pictograph Writing (东巴象形文字书写).
Cultural Heritage
Dukezong Ancient Town
Dukezong Ancient Town (独克宗古城) is China’s best-preserved and largest Tibetan residential town, once a key stop on the Tea Horse Road (茶马古道).
Pudacuo National Park
Pudacuo National Park (普达措国家公园) is a vital part of the Three Parallel Rivers World Heritage Site (三江并流世界自然遗产), offering stunning natural landscapes and rich ecological resources.
Shangri-La Shambhala Wheel Mandala
Shambhala Wheel Mandala (香巴拉时轮坛城) is a cultural landmark integrating heritage research, exhibitions, and Tibetan cultural education.
Traditional Cuisine of Shangri-La
1.Yak Meat
Raised at altitudes above 3,500 meters, Yak Meat (牦牛肉) has a rich texture and is commonly braised, stewed, or air-dried into jerky.
2. Matsutake Mushroom
Known as the “King of Mushrooms,” Matsutake (松茸) is a rare wild edible fungus with a distinctive aroma and tender texture.
3. Pipa Meat
A traditional Tibetan cured meat (琵琶肉) with a glossy, flavorful, and tender texture.
4. Highland Barley Wine
A low-alcohol drink made from highland barley (青稞酒), widely enjoyed by Tibetans during festive occasions.
5. Earth Pot Chicken
Earth Pot Chicken (土锅鸡) is a local specialty, slow-cooked in a unique clay pot for a rich and aromatic taste.
6. Butter Tea
A staple Tibetan drink made from tea leaves, salt, and butter (酥油茶), offering a creamy, aromatic experience.
7. Tibetan Yogurt
Known in Tibetan as “Shuo” (说), Tibetan Yogurt (老酸奶) is a nutritious dairy product traditionally made from milk after butter extraction.
8. Tsampa
A staple food made from roasted barley flour (糌粑), typically mixed with butter tea and shaped into small dough balls.
9. Guoben Hotpot
Guoben (锅奔) is a wild highland vegetable used in this nourishing hotpot (锅奔火锅), which also includes potatoes, tofu, and pork tripe.
10. Braised Spicy Liver
Popular along the Jinsha River (金沙江) and in Weixi Lisu Autonomous County (维西傈僳族自治县), Braised Spicy Liver (卤肝辣子) is known for its bold and numbing spiciness.
Shangri-La’s profound cultural heritage and vibrant traditions attract visitors from all over the world, offering them an immersive experience into the heart of Tibetan and Naxi cultures.
Bingzhongluo, the largest tableland in the Nujiang Canyon, is located at the boundary of Yunnan Province and Tibet Autonomous Region. The isolated, special environment and rainy, humid climate of Bingzhongluo makes it a good grain-producing area, as well as a place where various ethnic groups and religions live with and influence each other.
Earliest Settlers
The Nu people were the earliest settlers of Nujiang Canyon, according to historical records, arriving here more than 1,000 years ago. They call themselves the “Anu,” and officially became the “Nu” ethnic group after the founding of New China.In Bingzhongluo, along both sides of the Nujiang river, crops grow in profusion while the houses of the families who farm them stand nearby in the shade. As you drive uphill, the form of Bingzhongluo, that of a lotus, became apparent.
Structures were comparatively concentrated around the township government building, while other houses and villages were composed in trapezoids on both sides of the river. Together with the golden fields, they constituted a serene and idyllic vista.This is the homeland of the Nu people. Decades ago, Nujiang Canyon was a dream destination for adventurers and travelers, because of its unique landform and almost primitive human living conditions. Now, it is one of the most charming places in the area.
The village called Chongding built on a sloping hillside facing the river. Wooden houses nestle among luxuriant trees and beside limpid brooks. The beautiful scenery and fresh air of this quiet village do indeed make it “a land of peach blossom. Today it is a designated tourist destination. In the households near the entrance of the village, groups of tourists were either sightseeing or drinking tea.Villagers’ houses are open to visitors and when you go into one, the home of the Liu Ji’an family. Typically it was a multi-ethnic household.The head of the family is an 81-year-old Nu, his wife a Tibetan. Their son and our host Liu Ji’an, 61, is married to a woman of similar ethnic mix. Of their three sons and two daughters, two are married to Lisu and Han nationalities, while a third, their eldest daughter’s husband, is a Nu.Broken down, this four-generation household of 17 people comes from four ethnic groups who speak Nu, Tibetan, Lisu, Dulong and Han.
Though the new house was not yet complete, the concrete ground and wood structure indicated that it was not going to be of traditional design.Tourism and working outside are today no longer rare occurrences in this isolated canyon. And remote as it is, it is no longer an inaccessible place. The doors of the mountains have been opened, and that on the inside and outside is today inextricably connected.
A Peaceful Buddhist Village
As multiple ethnic groups have settled and thrived in the area, they have also come to learn to respect the different beliefs and religions.
Lama village, a multi-ethnic village located in the central area of the tableland, was so named because of its lamasery, the “Puhua Temple.”Compared to Chongding village, not far away, houses in Lama village were more concentrated, but a little simple and crude. Living standards in this village are not very high, and the environment rather isolated.
Although small, Lama village is home to a variety of ethnic groups. Nowadays, however, it is very difficult to distinguish the ethnicity of villagers in Bingzhongluo from their appearance and customs.
Puhua Temple is located on a tableland called Changputong and its white enclosure and gate have been newly renovated. Its abbot, 72-year-old Ganma Yuanzhai, said the temple belongs to the karma bka’ brgyud pa sect, and dates back over 200 years.The abbot is a Nu and joined the temple as a boy aged 12. The abbot said the temple gets very crowded during the Tibetan New Year, according to the Tibetan lunar calendar, and on the Fairy Festival of the Nu people which falls on the 15th of the third lunar month.
The lamasery, explained the old abbot, was not only influential in the area, but was the only lamasery in the whole prefecture. That was why among the 5,700 population of the township, about 2,000 were followers of Tibetan Buddhism.
Nuwangjiang Bingzhongluo is a place full of natural beauty and cultural charm. Here are some recommended entertainment activities and tourist attractions:
Natural Scenery
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Nujiang First Bend (怒江第一湾): One of the most beautiful bends of the Nujiang River. Visitors can enjoy the magnificent scenery of the Nujiang River and capture unique landscapes. The golden sunlight at sunrise and sunset reflects on the river, creating a stunning view.
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Shimen Pass (石门关): The Nujiang River suddenly narrows, with vertical cliffs on both sides, creating a spectacular natural landscape.
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Qiunatong (秋那桶): A pristine and beautiful place with stunning mountain views, ideal for hiking.
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Wuli Village (雾里村): A beautiful village nestled in a gorge, known for its unique ethnic culture and scenery, often referred to as the “Little Switzerland” along the Nujiang River.
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Pukawang (普卡旺): A tributary of the Nujiang River with crystal-clear water. The natural beauty here is stunning, making it feel like a paradise on earth.
Cultural Attractions
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Puhua Temple (普化寺): A Tibetan Buddhist monastery of the Kagyu sect, featuring a three-story earthen structure. There is also a much larger and more ornate new prayer hall nearby. The temple is located in Dongfeng Village behind Bingzhongluo and can be reached by a 4-kilometer mountain road or a 40-minute walk.
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Chongding Village Catholic Church (重丁村天主教堂): The village’s main attraction is a Gothic-style Catholic church built in 1935 by French missionary Ren Anshou. The church is usually closed except on Sundays at 10 a.m., when local believers gather for Mass, with hymns in Chinese, Tibetan, and Lisu languages.
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Peach Blossom Island (桃花岛): A peninsula-like bend of the Nujiang River connected by a suspension bridge. There is an observation deck near the Bingzhongluo Tunnel for a panoramic view of the island, and many guesthouses in town offer rooms with views of Peach Blossom Island.
Special Activities
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Hiking: Bingzhongluo is a paradise for hikers, offering trails along the ancient Tea Horse Road through pristine forests, gorges, and villages, allowing visitors to experience the grandeur and tranquility of nature.
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Religious and Cultural Experiences: Bingzhongluo is a place where multiple religions coexist harmoniously. Visitors can explore Tibetan Buddhist monasteries, Catholic churches, and other religious sites to learn about the unique local culture.
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Ethnic Cultural Experiences: Bingzhongluo is home to multiple ethnic groups, providing opportunities to experience the traditions and lifestyles of the Lisu, Tibetan, and other minorities, such as tasting local cuisine and participating in ethnic festivals.
Bingzhongluo is a captivating destination with breathtaking natural landscapes and rich cultural heritage. Whether you’re admiring the natural beauty, exploring religious sites, or experiencing local ethnic traditions, it offers a unique and unforgettable travel experience.
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