Lushui City is inhabited by minorities of Lisu, Nu, Pumi, Dulong, Bai, Tibetan, Yi, Naxi, Dai, Hui, Jingpo and so on… Lisu as the dominant ethnic group accounts for about 55% of the total population, resulting in a large inhabited by ethnic minorities. The seat of Lushui county is Liuku town which is closed to Biluo Snow Mountain in the east, Myanmar in the west, Shangjiang town and Laowo town of Lushui County in the south, Daxingdi town and Luzhang town in the north. Multiple minorities promote the colorful and long-standing culture of Lushui county.
Hill Tribe Culture
Music and dancing are an important part of Hill tribe culture.The Lisu do a round dance and people of all ages, male and female partake in the dance, especially at the Lisu (Chinese) New Year which occurs around the first full moon in February and lasts five days. Couples and singles dance in what appears to be a repetitious step. However on close observation one will notice slight variations are introduced by the leader of the dance who dances in the center of the circle and plays the music, either with flute or banjo. The instruments are hand made and unique to the Lisu culture. The dancers join hands and sing a lively song in unison. It’s a gay affair and an opportunity to flirt and find a potential marriage partner for the young single folks. They all where their finest most colorful clothing with the ladies adorned with lavish silver bodices.
Regional Geography Culture
The seat of Lushui county—Liuku town spans the eastern side of Gaoligongshan mountain and the western side of Biluo snow mountain. Biluo Snow Mountain is located at Lanping churchyard which I continuous 145KM. There are 15 snow mountains, which stand 4000 meter above sea level. The Laowo Mountain is the most beautiful a highest mountain than the others, which is 4500 meters above sea level. It is 3200 meters higher compared with the Lantsang. Gaoligongshan is an equally dynamic crossroads of culture and history. The valleys of the major north-south flowing rivers, the Nujiang and Longchuanjiang, have been farmed since ancient times. The Southern Silk Road, which crosses the southern portion of the mountain range, has connected India, Afghanistan, and Pakistan with central China since the 4th century B.C., serving as a conduit for commerce, trade, and culture.
Gongshan Derung and Nu Autonomous County is a small county in northwest Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China. It has an area of 4,506 square kilometres and a population of 35,910 as 2012 census. The isolated, special environment and rainy, humid climate of Gongshan makes it a good grain-producing area, as well as a place where various ethnic groups and religions live with and influence each other.
The History of Dulong People
Few historical records were found regarding the origin of this ethnic group till today. But relative references show that they were once under the rule of court-appointed Naxi headmen through the Yuan Dynasty (1271 – 1368) to the end of the Qing Dynasty (1644 – 1911). They had no uniform name and were called ‘Qiao’ in the Yuan Dynasty and ‘Qiu’ or ‘Qu’ people after the Qing Dynasty. With the founding of the PRC in 1949, following consultation with the ethnic group it was decided to agree upon the official name of Dulong ethnic group.
A Peaceful Buddhist Village
There is a unique township in Gongshan county—Bingzhongluo. As multiple ethnic groups have settled and thrived in the area, they have also come to learn to respect the different beliefs and religions.
Lama village, a multi-ethnic village located in the central area of the tableland, was so named because of its lamasery, the “Puhua Temple.”Compared to Chongding village, not far away, houses in Lama village were more concentrated, but a little simple and crude. Living standards in this village are not very high, and the environment rather isolated.
Although small, Lama village is home to a variety of ethnic groups. Nowadays, however, it is very difficult to distinguish the ethnicity of villagers in Bingzhongluo from their appearance and customs.
Puhua Temple is located on a tableland called Changputong and its white enclosure and gate have been newly renovated. Its abbot, 72-year-old Ganma Yuanzhai, said the temple belongs to the karma bka’ brgyud pa sect, and dates back over 200 years.The abbot is a Nu and joined the temple as a boy aged 12. The abbot said the temple gets very crowded during the Tibetan New Year, according to the Tibetan lunar calendar, and on the Fairy Festival of the Nu people which falls on the 15th of the third lunar month.
The lamasery, explained the old abbot, was not only influential in the area, but was the only lamasery in the whole prefecture. That was why among the 5,700 population of the township, about 2,000 were followers of Tibetan Buddhism.
There are so many entertainment activities in Gongshan county. As for nightlife activities, Gongshan does not differ a lot from other cities in China. Bars, KTV and other clubs can easily be found around the city. In Gongshan, you could also have the chance to experience the lively atmosphere.When the night falls, you can choose some pubs or bars to kill your time, listening to some original singers singing their original songs.Visitors come to Gongshan, they can enjoy their time happily here.
Clubs & Bars & KTVs
Worker’s Club(工人俱乐部)
Address: No. 2 of Jingmao Road, Dulong and Nu Nationality Autonomous County(贡山独龙族怒族自治县经贸路2号)
Lanke KTV(蓝客KTV)
Address: Jingmao Road, Dulong and Nu Nationality Autonomous County, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture(怒江傈僳族自治州贡山独龙族怒族自治县经贸路)
Tel: 0886-3513416
Nushuige(怒水阁KTV)
Address: Northern Cikai Road, Dulong and Nu Nationality Autonomous County, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture(怒江傈僳族自治州贡山独龙族怒族自治县茨开北路)
Tel: 0886-3512393
Xingyuemingzhu KTV(星月明珠KTV)
Address: Northern Cikai Road, Dulong and Nu Nationality Autonomous County, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture(怒江傈僳族自治州贡山独龙族怒族自治县茨开北路)
Tel: 0886-3511983
Coffee & Tea & Ice Cream
Home-like Amusement Bar(如家休闲吧)
Address: Northern Cikai Road, Dulong and Nu Nationality Autonomous County, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture(怒江傈僳族自治州贡山独龙族怒族自治县茨开北路)
Tel: 18708865366
Wodede Tea House(哦得得茶楼)
Address: Northern Cikai Road, Dulong and Nu Nationality Autonomous County, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture(怒江傈僳族自治州贡山独龙族怒族自治县茨开路)
Highland Mingzhu Tea House(高原明珠茶室)
Address: No.73, Bingzhongluo Street, Gongshan Dulong and Nu Autonomous County Nujiang LisuAutonomous Prefecture(怒江傈僳族自治州贡山独龙族怒族自治县丙中洛街73)
Tel: 0886-6680838
Mingzhu Tea House(明珠茶馆)
Address: No.59, Bingzhongluo Street, Gongshan Dulong and Nu Autonomous County Nujiang LisuAutonomous Prefecture(怒江傈僳族自治州贡山独龙族怒族自治县丙中洛街59号)
Kaquewa Festival
Kaquewa Festival of Dulong Ethnic Group, spreading in all the villages and stockaded villages in the Dulongjiang River Watershed of Gongshan Derung-Nu Autonomous County of the Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province, is the New Year of Dulong people in this area. The Kaquewa Festival is not on a fixed day, and it is an auspicious day selected by the elders in villages in the last month of a year. Usually this festival is held in the end of the twelfth month of the lunar year or the beginning of the first month of the next lunar year, and it lasts at least 3 days, and even lasts 9 days at most.
Gongshan is a mysterious place in Yunnan, even many people in Yunnan did go there. It’s a remote and closed county for its Mighty mountains and gorges. The Biluo Snow Mountain, the Gaoligongshan Mountain and the Dandanglika Mountain make far away from the madding crowd. The author of the National Geographic Magazine—Joseph F. Rock came in this county during 1920s and early 1930s and he wrote several articles in National Geographic magazine. He described this place as the virgin land for no white man had ever came here before and it’s the paradise for explorer, photographer and botanist. Gongshan is the most shining pearl in the Three Parallel Rivers Region. The scenery here is like a painting, the people here as celestial being. Gongshan has rich products, numerous nationalities, colorful view and harmonious religions. China National Geography commended that every step, every gully, every mountain in Nujiang was a view.
Water Mill in Gongshan
A watermill or water mill is a mill that uses moving water as its power source. It is thus a structure that uses a water wheelor water turbine to drive a mechanical process such as milling (grinding), rolling, or hammering. Such processes are needed in the production of many material goods,including flour, lumber,paper, textiles, and many metal products. Thus watermills may begristmills, sawmills, paper mills, textile mills, hammermills,trip hammering mills, rolling mills, wire drawing mills, and so on.One major way to classify watermills is by wheel orientation (vertical or horizontal), one powered by a vertical waterwheel through a gearing mechanism, and the other equipped with a horizontal waterwheel without such a mechanism.
Kaquewa Festival
Calendar and lasted 3 to 9 days. Each family was free to choose a fine day to hold the celebration, and the celebrations in the whole area lasted about one month. In 1991, the 10th day of the 1st month of the Gregorian calendar was decided as the official date for the Kaquewa Festival.
The ceremonies for the Drung festivals in each village are somewhat similar, and the programs of the festival are arranged in a special order. The Drungs never forget to worship the Mountain God for happy events. They offer offerings such as various animal figures made of buckwheat to pray for more grain in the next year. In the year of abundant foodstuff and clothing, they will double their efforts to slaughter cows for the god, for in their minds it is only with the god’s blessing that the Drungs can have a better life.
The Kaquewa Festival has great value in terms of research on cultural development, calendric origin, and the history of the Drung ethnic group. Carved messages on wood are rare and important materials for research on the social organizations of minorities with no written language.The festival also reflects the Drungs’ reverence of nature.
Mapingguan Village
Mapingguan (马坪关)(literally “Horse Pasture Pass”) is located about 15km southwest of Shaxi Valley at the site of a covered bridge, on the road to three major western Yunnan salt wells, further along in Misha. The village was a key checkpoint where the government collected tax on the salt trade. In fact, this was the first of four toll gates to be constructed in the area. This one takes the form of Wenfeng Bridge, a rare covered span, that once provided shelter for the caravans as they waited to make their way past the sentries. Despite boasting wonderful examples of ancient architecture, including a a Confucian Temple, a shrine to the Guanyin Buddha and a traditional theater devoted to the God of Culture and Learning, this tiny hamlet of less than 100 households, is so peaceful, that even Shaxi Old Town seems positively metropolitan in comparison.
How to get to Mapingguan Village?
There are no direct bus to Shaxi from Lijiang or Dali. To reach Shaxi, first take a long distance bus to Jianchuan (剑川) from either Lijiang or Dali (Xiaguan).There are mini-bus services just outside of Jianchuan bus station that take about 45 minutes to reach Shaxi.
More Information
If you start from Fushouchang village about 2 km south of Shaxi, the hike takes anywhere between two and four hours, depending on how much time you spend savoring the magnificent old growth stands, and pausing to slake your thirst from fresh mountain streams on the way. Mapingguan is nearly another 1000 meters higher than Shaxi, so you might find yourself glued into the saddle on much of the ascent. The village offers a number of basic home stays, and there is the opportunity to continue your journey into the wilds even further with a trek up to the hot springs at Misha.
History
Mapingguan Village enjoys the lond and profound history. When the caravans were in the prosperous period, Shaxi was the important station for the collecting and distributing of cargo. Mapingguan was one of the level. The last name of most villagers is Duan. They are the descendants of the soldiers who were sent to protect the place in Ming Dynasty.
Historic Relics
With the flying time and backward economy, there are not many ancient architectures. We lost the connection with the traditional culture currently. The left old architectures are Stage of Opera, Guangong Temple, Patron God Temple and Fengyu Bridge etc. This village needs the protection.
Useful Travel Tips
Try not to arrive in Jianchuan too late in the evening or else there may not be enough passengers to fill up a bus to Shaxi.
Mapingguan is closed and does not develop well. There is no high-quality hotels and restaurants for the travelers, but you can eat and stay in the villagers’ home to experience the local culture and get more local stories.
Mangshi City History
Dehong was called “Ancient Mengmao Kingdom” in the recording of The Pattra Sutra; it was named as the “Dianyue Elephant Riding Kingdom” (滇越乘象国)under the pen of Sima Qian; it was the Jinchi Kingdom in the book of “Marcopolo and His Travels”. Dehong is not only the outlet of the ancient “The Southwest Silk Road of China”, but also the outlet of the Yunnan-Myanmar Road. At present，it is still the golden port leading to South Asia and Southeast Asia.
Dehong is the important place for the southwestern Silk Road. In 122 BC, Zhang Qian went to the Western Region to find out the “Dianyue Kingdom of Elephant”, which refers to the present Dehong and parts of Myanmar. In 109 BC, Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty opened the southwestern Yi, and Dehong was Yizhou County. As a capital, Mangshi has an important position. Mangshi enjoys the long history. Archaeologists have discovered Neolithic sites in Wuchalu Township and Zhongshan Township. The people of all ethnic groups lived on this land and wrote their long and glorious history.
Mangshi City Culture
Mangshi is a classic national minority border city, so it has very thick and authentic national customs, plus its pretty landscape, it has nicknames, such as “the Hometown of Peacock” and “the City of Dawn”. Local people also call Mangshi “Luxi”. The original inhabitants of Mangshi plain are mainly Dai ethnic minority, an ethnic minority with a long history and civilization. The men are gentle and kind, and the women are elegant and hardworking. The mountainous residents are mainly Jingpo people. This is a minority that migrated from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in ancient times. They are brave and unrestrained. In the pure land, diverse ethnic minorities live in peace and happiness.
Otherwise，Mangshi enjoys the thick Buddhist flavor represented by the pagodas and temples of Dai. Most people in Mangshi believe in Hinayana Buddhism.
Yunnan is a kingdom of ethnic minorities, Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture proves it. There are 5 original ethnic groups in Dehong, Dai, Jingpo, De’ang, Lisu and Achang, who live together generation by generation. These ethnic minority live cross border. They keep the trade contacts and cultural exchanges. The original inhabitants of this plain are mainly Dai ethnic minority, an ethnic minority with a long history and civilization. The men are gentle and kind, and the women are elegant and hardworking. The mountainous residents are mainly Jingpo people. This is a minority that migrated from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in ancient times. They are brave and unrestrained. Here, travelers can dance with the elegant ethnic girls and play the drum with the strong boys. Dancing peacocks and beautiful songs will gain your attentions. The representative festivals covers Water-splashing Festival of Dai, Munaozongge of Jingpo, Kuoshi Festival of Lisu and Aluwoluo Festival of Achang. Otherwise, Hinayana Buddhism is the major religion in Dehong. Dai and De’ang ethnic minorities believe in it. The pagodas and Zhuangfang (temple in Dai villages) are built in every Dai villages, which are the typical architectures in Dehong. The representative architectures is the Menghuan Grand Golden Pagoda. Most of villages will pray in Zhuangfang and pagodas in certain time. Jingpo people worship nature and their ancestors, which can be seen in their sacrifice ceremony. In general, ethnic culture is the essential part of Dehong.
Handicrafts
Dehong has the geographical advantage of being located along the ancient Silk Road. Dai brocade is influenced by Shu brocade in its weaving techniques.
In 2008, the Dai brocade technique was approved by the State Council and included in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage. Dai brocade has a vivid color and evokes a strong visual impact with its bright colors, high purity and high saturation. Its red, yellow and green colors form a sharp contrast with the black and dark red bottom.
Dai brocade industry produces many traditional and modern products, such as Tongpa (bag), skirts and tablecloths.
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Ruili City History
Ruili is the cradle of the ancient culture of Dai nationality. Ruili River Valley is one of the places inhabited by ancient human beings. The cultural relics include Pattra Leaves Scripture and ruins of ancient city. The ancient city wall of Mengmao is the oldest wall of Dai nationality discovered up to now. Ruili is called the hometown of songs and dances and has been entitled the “hometown of farmers’ painting in China” by the State Cultural Ministry.
Dehong was called “Ancient Mengmao Kingdom” in the recording of The Pattra Sutra; it was named as the “Dianyue Elephant Riding Kingdom” under the pen of Simaqian; it was the Jinchi Kingdom in the book of “Marcopolo and His Travels”. Dehong is not only the outlet of the ancient “The Southwest Silk Road of China”, but also the outlet of the Yunnan-Myanmar Road. At present，it is still the golden port leading to South Asia and Southeast Asia.
Ruili, with a long history, is the birthplace of Ancient Mengmao. The plain open terrain, convenient transportation, flourishing business activities and completed city faculties have made Ruili a gate opened for Southeast Asia and South Asia. Ruili owns two national coasts (Ruili and Wanding) and two economic cooperation zones (Ruili border economic cooperation zone and Wanding border economic cooperation zone) approved by the State Council.
Ruili City Culture
Ruili is a unique frontier city which stand on the west land of Yunnan province. It is the integration of minority and exotic culture. Ruili residences enjoy the festivals with Burma when they live in the subtropical rainforest with local ethnic minority. There are peace and harmony, without conflict. Otherwise, Ruili is the important town of Hinayana Buddhism, with a great number of pagodas and temples. Local people pay reverence to to local monk. In addition, as a Jewellery City, Ruili offers divers activities on jade and jewellery. Stone gamble is a representative one. In a word, Ruili is a fantastic and inviting city.
Frontier culture: as a state border, Ruili offers the unique exotic culture. On the street in Ruili, there are many Burmese coming Ruili for business. Sino-Burmese Baobo Carnival in Ruili City(中缅胞波狂欢节) is a representative events indicating the close relationship between Chinese and Burmese. “Baobo” literally means “brother” in Burmese. China and Myanmar have been backing on each other by mountains and rivers, and inked with villages from ancient times.Sino-Myanmar Carnival of Ruili has continuously extended, being developed into a major international festival for harmonious gathering of Chinese and Burmese.
Ethnic culture: Yunnan is a kingdom of ethnic minorities, Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture proves it. There are 5 original ethnic groups in Dehong, Dai, Jingpo, De’ang, Lisu and Achang, who live together generation by generation. These ethnic minority live cross border. They keep the trade contacts and cultural exchanges. The original inhabitants of this plain are mainly Dai ethnic minority, an ethnic minority with a long history and civilization. The men are gentle and kind, and the women are elegant and hardworking. The mountainous residents are mainly Jingpo people. This is a minority that migrated from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in ancient times. They are brave and unrestrained. Here, travelers can dance with the elegant ethnic girls and play the drum with the strong boys. Dancing peacocks and beautiful songs will gain your attentions. The representative festivals covers Water-splashing Festival of Dai, Munaozongge of Jingpo, Kuoshi Festival of Lisu and Aluwoluo Festival of Achang. Otherwise, Hinayana Buddhism is the major religion in Dehong. Dai and De’ang ethnic minorities believe in it. The pagodas and Zhuangfang (temple in Dai villages) are built in every Dai villages, which are the typical architectures in Dehong. The representative architectures is the Jiele Golden Pagoda. Most of villages will pray in Zhuangfang and pagodas in certain time. Jingpo people worship nature and their ancestors, which can be seen in their sacrifice ceremony. In general, ethnic culture is the essential part of Dehong.
Art: Ruili City enjoys the booming folk art, including the Peacock Dance, Gayang Dance, Folk Songs and Xiangjiao Drum Dance. All these forms come from the labor work and daily life.
Jade and Stone
Dehong is located at the intersection of the world’s two biggest gem mineralized tectonic belts and is close to the gem-rich country of Burma. Yunnan also has a long tradition of jewelry trade and cultural exchanges with Burma, resulting in a prominent advantage in raw materials imports. Yunnan currently sits at the frontier of the jewelry industry.
In recent years, Dehong jewelry culture industry has formed a complete industrial chain including the import of raw materials, production, research and design. More than 8,000 jewelers from different places have gathered in Yunnan province. Some local brands such as Wang Chaoyang and Dong Yuchun have become well-known brands in jewelry industry. Ruili is the most important jewelry market in Dehong.
Shalatuo Township (沙拉托乡) is located in the western part of Yuanyang County (元阳县), Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省), between longitude 102°31′–102°38′E and latitude 23°03′–23°09′N. It borders Niujiaozhai Township (牛角寨乡) to the east, Ezhaxiang Township (俄扎乡) to the south, Gekui Township (戈奎乡) of Lüchun County (绿春县) to the west, and Azhe River Township (阿扎河乡) of Honghe County (红河县) to the north. It is about 68 kilometers from Nansha Town (南沙镇), the county seat.
History and Culture
Shalatuo Township (沙拉托乡) has a long and rich history. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was under the jurisdiction of the Naluo Chadian Native Officialdom (纳楼茶甸长官司) of Lin’an Prefecture (临安府). In the Qing Dynasty, after 1794 (Qianlong 59th year), it belonged to Taiheli and Yongshanli under the Naluodian Native Officialdom. From 1922 to 1949, it was under Taihe Township (太和乡) and Mengnong Township (勐弄乡) of Jianshui County (建水县), including Caoguodong (草果洞) and other areas. In 1951, it belonged to Xinmin County (新民县). In 1970, five villages—Potou (坡头), Manjianghe (漫江河), Fuzhai (富寨), Aga (阿嘎), and Caoguodong (草果洞)—were separated from Niujiaozhai District to form Shuguang Commune (曙光公社), which was renamed Shalatuo Commune (沙拉托公社) in 1972. In April 1984, it became Shalatuo District (沙拉托区), and in January 1988, it was officially named Shalatuo Township (沙拉托乡).
Local Customs
Shalatuo Township (沙拉托乡) is home to various ethnic groups, mainly the Hani (哈尼族) and Yi (彝族) people. It boasts vibrant cultural traditions and a variety of festivals such as the Long Table Banquet (长龙宴), Tenth Month New Year (十月年), Yi Torch Festival (彝族火把节), New Rice Festival (吃新米节), and Dragon Worship Festival (祭龙). The Long Table Banquet of the Hani people is one of the most distinctive local events, offering visitors a chance to enjoy authentic traditional cuisine.
Weather and Best Time to Visit
Shalatuo Township (沙拉托乡) enjoys a mild subtropical mountain monsoon climate with distinct mountainous features. The annual average temperature is 16.5°C, and annual rainfall ranges from 1,200 to 2,000 mm. The best time to visit is from November to March, when the weather is cool and ideal for outdoor activities.
Recommended Attractions and Visiting Time
Shalatuo Rice Terraces
These magnificent terraced fields are a testament to the ingenuity of the Hani people.
Recommended visiting time: 2–3 hours.
Caoguodong Village
A village that preserves traditional Hani architecture and folk customs—perfect for cultural exploration.
Recommended visiting time: 1–2 hours.
Niuluo Tea Plantation
A great place to enjoy scenic tea gardens and learn about local tea culture.
Recommended visiting time: 1 hour.
Transportation
Public Transport:
From Nansha Town (南沙镇), take a bus to Shalatuo Township (沙拉托乡). The journey takes about 1.5 hours.
Self-Drive:
Drive from Nansha Town (南沙镇) along well-maintained roads for about 68 kilometers.
Local Cuisine
Hani-style Grilled Meat:
Made with local ingredients and grilled to aromatic perfection.
Yi-style Specialties:
Including dishes like “Tuotuo Meat” (坨坨肉), a traditional Yi delicacy known for its rich flavor.
Shopping
The region offers a variety of local handicrafts and agricultural products. Recommended souvenirs include Hani embroidery (哈尼族刺绣) and locally produced tea (茶叶).
Accommodation
Shalatuo Township (沙拉托乡) provides a range of lodging options, including ethnic-style guesthouses and farmhouse stays at affordable prices.
Travel Tips
- Respect local ethnic customs, especially during visits to villages and participation in traditional festivals.
- Help protect the environment—do not litter.
- Some paths in the rice terrace areas are steep; wear comfortable walking shoes.
Suggested Itinerary
Day 1:
Arrive at Nansha Town (南沙镇), check into a hotel, travel to Shalatuo Township (沙拉托乡), and visit Caoguodong Village (草果洞村) to experience Hani culture.
Day 2:
Explore the Shalatuo Rice Terraces (沙拉托梯田), then visit Niuluo Tea Plantation (牛倮茶场) to learn about tea production.
Day 3:
Return to Nansha Town (南沙镇) and conclude your journey.
Shalatuo Township (沙拉托乡) is a land full of ethnic charm and natural beauty. Whether you’re discovering the traditional culture of the Hani and Yi people or admiring the breathtaking terraced landscapes, this place offers unforgettable experiences. We hope you enjoy your journey here．
Where is Haba Snow Mountain – Location
Haba Snow Mountain or Haba Xueshan is located in 120 kilometers southeast Shangri-La city, Yunnan province. Mountain raises 5396m above the sea level, and is one of the tallest peaks in Yunnan province. Its lowest slopes are crossed by the popular Tiger Leaping Gorge trail.
Why is Haba Snow Mountain So Special
Haba Snow Mountain is a mountain rising above the northwest side of Tiger Leaping Gorge in Yunnan, China. It rises opposite the higher Jade Dragon Snow Mountain, and towers 3,500 metres above the upper reaches of the Yangtze River(Jinsha River). There are numerous alpine glacial lakes located in the reserve, most of which are more than 3,500 meters above sea level. Among them, the sceneries of Heihai Lake, Yuanhai Lake, Huanghai Lake and Shuanghai Lake are most enchanting.
How is the Huanghai Lake Formed
Alpine moraine lakes is a glacier relic formed by ancient cirque hydrops which is the only glacial relic distribution area of “Dali glacial period” in the area of “three parallel rivers”.
Features
Huanghai Lake is located on the northwest side of the Heihai Lake of Haba snow mountain, 4,300 meters above sea level. The water inside is clear and free of debris, about 2 meters deep. The bottom of the lake is all yellow sand, reflected yellow in the water. Around the lake is a piece of low rhododendrons, mostly purple and red. Not far from the lake on the hillside, there are large patches of Rhododendron wardii.
History of Yingjiang County
Four Strategic Passes of the Ming Dynasty
In 22nd year during the reign of Wangli in the Ming Dynasty (1594), Chen Yongbin, governor of Yunnan applied with the central government to set up eight defending passes in the frontier areas of Yunnan, and four of them were within the territory of Yingjiang.
Ma Jiali Event
In 1875 during the reign of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty, Ma Jiali, a grade-two interpreter with the English Consulate led English army to invade into Mangyun of Yingjiang and aroused so intense anger among local people that they killed him later. This was the world-shocking “Ma Jiali Event”. Later, the government of the Qing Dynasty was forced to sign with the British Government the Sino-Britain Yantai Treaty, which humiliated the Chinese Nation and forfeited its sovereignty.
The Ancient Zhina Blockhouse was one of the six stone blockhouses built along the important lines for frontier defense sake by Hu Qirong(in 1823 during the reign of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty), an official of Tengyue District after his application with the central government.
The Mother Rubber Tree of China grows on the hillside of the Phoenix Mountain of Xincheng City. It was introduced from Malaysia in 1904 by Dao Anren, a Dai forerunner of democratic revolution. It was the earliest rubber tree to be implanted in China.
Dao Anren (1872-1913), 23rd Magistrate Ganya of the 21st generation, once studied in Japan and joined the China Democratic League as a follower of Mr. Sun Yat-sen. He was one of the major leaders of the Tengyue Uprising. The Bill of the Xincheng Bank was printed by Dao Anren in 33rd year during the reign of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1907) when he studied in Japan in preparation for the establishment of agricultural and industrial entity in China.
Yingjiang county became part of Chinese territory for the first time in the Western Han dynasty. It was under control of Yizhou Prefecture (益州郡) (Yìzhōu jùn) in the Western Han dynasty. During the Eastern Han, the Shu Han, the Western Jin, and the Eastern Jin, it was governed by Ailao county (哀牢縣) (Āiláo xiàn), Yongchang Prefecture (永昌郡) (Yŏngchāng jùn), and then by Xicheng county (西城縣) (Xīchéng xiàn) from the Southern Qi dynasty in 479.
Actually, from 320s on, the Cuan (爨) (Cuàn) family began to control Yunnan. China was very unstable during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and the central governments had no force to control Yunnan. The Cuan family took the strategy by which they recognized the nominal sovereignty of the central governments while remaining themselves as the real local rulers. In this way, the Cuan family had controlled Yunnan for more than 400 years until it was conquered by Nanzhao in 769.
Yingjiang was ruled by Nanzhao and later by Dali from the 8th to the 13th century and hence was not governed by China during the Tang dynasty and the Song dynasty. It was conquered by the Mongols and again became part of the Chinese territory. During the Ming dynasty and the Qing dynasty, Yingjiang was governed by local chiefs under the “Tusi system” (土司制度) (Tŭsī Zhìdù), i.e. the Native Chieftain system, in which the central government had the nominal sovereignty.
In early 1990s, Yingjiang was approved to be a provincial-level port (grade two at the national level) by the People’s Government of Yunnan Province.
For centuries, people of Han, Dai, Jingpo, Lisu, De’ang and Achang have lived in this piece of rich land prosperously. They nourished a special and colorful national culture of them. Here, visitors can witness the thousand-year-old but still unfailing Dai Opera, the breathtaking “Guangbang” Drum Dance, the lyrical “Wenbeng” Greeting Melody, and the boisterous Three-string Dance. In addition, there are several national festivals such as the Water-splashing Festival, Munao Zongge Festival and Kuoshi Festival that are like many bunches of blooming flowers and cups of intoxicating wine.
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