Chinese Name:姚安县福禄广场
English Name: Fulu Square in Yaoan County, Chuxiong
Chuxiong Fulu Square in Yaoan County travel guide introduces the main attractions, entrance tickets booking, The best time to visit, How to Get there, the highlights, facts, history, photos, weather, accommodation, visiting routes, travel tips, tour maps of Fulu Square in Chuxiong.
Chinese Name:姚安县花椒园自然保护区
English Name: Huajiaoyuan Nature Reserve in Yaoan County, Chuxiong
The Huajiaoyuan Nature Reserve is situated in Huajiaoyuan Village, Piela Village Committee, Zuomen Township, Yaoan County, Chuxiong Prefecture. It lies 35 kilometers from the Yaoan County seat.
Altitude:
The reserve’s highest point reaches 2,771.9 meters above sea level.
Climate:
The region enjoys an average annual temperature of 13.2°C, with yearly rainfall averaging 980 mm. It is classified as a cold, high-altitude mountainous area, known for its cool and refreshing climate.
Demographics:
The reserve is home to 20 households, with a population of 74, all of whom belong to the Yi ethnic group.
Area and Coverage:
Spanning a total of 37,061.2 hectares, the reserve has a core protection area of 26,421.8 hectares and an impressive forest coverage rate of 82%.
Biodiversity:
Huajiaoyuan Nature Reserve boasts a rich variety of wildlife and plant species. The landscape is dominated by towering ancient trees, creating a dense canopy that blocks out sunlight in many areas.
Natural Environment:
The reserve is known for its fresh air, cool climate, and vibrant biodiversity. Birds sing and flowers bloom year-round, contributing to the picturesque and unique landscape that draws visitors seeking natural beauty.
Chinese Name:双柏县大庄镇苏家祠堂
English Name: Dazhuang Ancestral Temple of Su Family in Shuangbai County, Chuxiong
The Dazhuang Su Family Ancestral Temple is located in the center of Dazhuang Street, Dazhuang Town, Shuangbai County, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture. It was originally built during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty (1694). When completed, the temple complex included:
The layout features a three-sided horse-track corner building, with the central courtyard planted with golden osmanthus, silver osmanthus, cypress branches, and purple bamboo.
Chinese Name: 禄丰县星宿桥丰裕桥
English Name: Fengyu Bridge in Lufeng County, Chuxiong
Fengyu Bridge, located in Xingxiu Park and spanning the Luoci River in Lufeng County, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, was originally constructed during the Ming Dynasty’s Wanli era (1573-1620). It is a four-pier, five-arch stone bridge oriented north to south, with a length of 92 meters, a width of 8.1 meters, and a height of 9.5 meters. The bridge features arches of varying spans and is adorned with stone railings, lions, and other decorative elements. Fengyu Bridge, along with Xingxiu Bridge, is a notable example of Qing Dynasty bridge architecture in Yunnan and holds significant historical, architectural, and cultural importance. On March 5, 2013, it was listed as a key national cultural heritage site by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China.
Fengyu Bridge, together with Xingxiu Bridge, represents a significant example of mid-to-late Qing Dynasty bridge architecture in Yunnan. It is among the larger ancient stone arch bridges in the region, featuring advanced design, high craftsmanship, and rich inscriptions. These bridges hold substantial historical, architectural, and cultural importance.
On March 5, 2013, Fengyu Bridge and Xingxiu Bridge were designated as key national cultural heritage sites by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China.
Chinese Name: 禄丰县星宿桥(星宿桥和丰裕桥)
English Name: Xingsu Bridge (Xingfu Bridge and Fengyu Bridge) in Lufeng County, Chuxiong
Xingsu Bridge and Fengyu Bridge are located in Xingxu Park and over the Luoci River in Lufeng County, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. They were originally built during the Ming Dynasty’s Wanli period (1573–1620).
Xingsu Bridge comprises three parts: a stone arch bridge, a wooden archway, and a stone archway with a curved top. The main stone arch bridge runs east to west and is constructed using large red sandstone blocks. It features a six-pier, seven-arch pointed stone bridge, measuring 118 meters in length, 10 meters in width, and 10 meters in height, with individual arch spans ranging from 9.8 to 10 meters. Fengyu Bridge is a four-pier, five-arch round stone bridge running north to south. It is 92 meters long, 8.1 meters wide, and 9.5 meters high, with piers measuring 19.6 meters long and 5.6 meters wide. The five arches have varying spans of 8.7 meters, 9.3 meters, 9.8 meters, 9.3 meters, and 8.7 meters from south to north. The bridge has stone railings on both sides, with two stone lions at the northern end and a kneeling figure at the southern end. Originally, there was a pavilion at the southern end, which was demolished in 1958. Xingsu Bridge and Fengyu Bridge are representative of the bridge construction in Yunnan during the late Qing Dynasty. They are among the larger ancient stone arch bridges in Yunnan, with advanced design, high craftsmanship, and rich inscriptions, making them of significant historical, architectural, and cultural importance.
On March 5, 2013, Xingsu Bridge and Fengyu Bridge were listed as the 7th batch of National Key Cultural Relics Protection Units by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China.
In the 40th year of the Ming Wanli era (1612), due to the frequent floods of Xingsu River during spring and summer, which caused danger and loss of life, Lufeng County’s magistrate, Xiang Zhaolin, requested permission to build a bridge 30 zhang long and 4 zhang wide (according to the Qing Kangxi “Yunnan Fu Zhi”).
By the 42nd year of the Ming Wanli era (1614), the Yongfeng Bridge was completed, commonly referred to as Xingsu Bridge due to its location across the Xingsu River.
In the 39th year of the Qing Kangxi era (1700), the 42nd year (1703), and the 46th year (1707), Xingsu Bridge suffered three collapses and was repaired each time.
In the 51st year of the Qing Kangxi era (1712), the bridge was repaired, and a Dragon King Temple was constructed with three iron oxen placed on the bridge.
In the 5th year of the Qing Yongzheng era (1727), the bridge was destroyed by floods, leaving only one arch of the original bridge. For over a hundred years, the bridge was not repaired, and during winter and spring, it was crossed by floating planks, while in summer and autumn, small boats were used, leading to occasional disruptions and accidents.
In the 5th year of the Qing Daoguang era (1825), Yang Anyuan, a former governor of Zhaoqing in Guangdong and a native of Langjing in Lufeng County, was deeply moved by the state of the bridge and donated 3,000 taels of silver (he actually donated 1,000 taels) to fund its repair. The whole community contributed as well, raising a total of 12,000 taels of silver. The bridge was completed after six years of reconstruction.
After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Xingsu Bridge was used as a highway bridge.
In 1986, due to long-term heavy vehicle traffic, the second and third piers slightly sank, and several cracks appeared in the bridge structure.
In 1988, Lufeng County Highway Division repaired the bridge.
In 1998, Xingsu Park was completed, and the bridge was no longer used as a highway bridge. It was transferred to the Lufeng County Park Management Office for maintenance and is now situated within the park.
Fengyu Bridge began construction during the Ming Wanli era (1573–1620).
In the 10th year of the Qing Tongzhi era (1871), the bridge was destroyed by floods. To fund its repair, an additional tax of two-fifths was levied on the salt taxes from He, Yuan, and Yong wells. However, successive officials mismanaged the funds, and repairs were delayed.
In the 17th year of the Qing Guangxu era (1892), Zou Xingde of the Hejing Supervisory Office oversaw the repair. According to the “Lufeng County Annals,” the repair was urgently needed due to its importance in salt transportation. The project commenced in January of the 17th year and was completed by March of the 18th year. The new bridge was 35 zhang long, spanning 20 zhang across the river, with four water stone piers, 12 zhang long, and 1 zhang 4 feet high. The bridge was adorned with pairs of large and small lions and elephants, and the northern end had five stone tablets while the southern end had a pavilion.
After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Fengyu Bridge was used as a highway bridge.
In 1958, the pavilion at the southern end of the bridge was demolished. The temple next to the monument was allocated to villagers and later rebuilt and demolished.
In 2008, a new highway bridge was constructed between Xingsu Bridge and Fengyu Bridge according to the development plan of Lufeng County. After the new bridge was completed, Fengyu Bridge was no longer used for highway traffic.
Xingsu Bridge consists of a stone arch bridge, a wooden archway, and a stone archway with a curved top. The stone arch bridge runs east to west and is built from large red sandstone blocks, featuring a six-pier, seven-arch pointed stone bridge. It measures 118 meters in length, 10 meters in width, and 10 meters in height, with individual arch spans ranging from 9.8 to 10 meters.
The wooden archway is located on the east side of the bridge. It has four columns and three doors, measuring 12 meters wide and 10 meters high. It features four large columns arranged in a straight line, with the central column higher than the adjacent ones, creating a “凸” shape. It supports the beams and complex thirteen-step brackets and is topped with a gabled roof covered with glazed tiles. The central wooden plaque bears the name “Xingsu Bridge,” written in regular script by the then representative of Yunnan and Guizhou, Yili Bu, who later signed the Treaty of Nanking on behalf of the Qing government. The back of the plaque is inscribed with “Xingsu Bridge” by the then governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, the renowned Qing Dynasty scholar Ruan Yuan. The archway’s two central columns stand on large lotus bases, supported by huge drum-shaped stones at the front and back, which feature exquisite dragon, tiger, and qilin carvings.
Stone Archway
The stone archway is located on the west side of Xingsu Bridge. It has ten columns and nine doors, measuring 12.3 meters wide and 9.19 meters high, with a base thickness of 2.56 meters. The archway is designed with a “凸” shape, and the top mimics a nine-ridge roof style. The stone surface is adorned with relief carvings representing a wooden structure’s brackets. It features a central stone tablet inscribed with the characters “Kun Wei Yong Zhen” (维永镇). Below this are ten large square stone columns with recessed spaces between them, forming doorways. The doorways contain large blue stone tablets, with the central tablet measuring 3.3 meters high and 0.95 meters wide, and the side tablets measuring 2.6 meters high and 0.9 meters wide. The entire stone archway stands on a 0.9-meter-high lotus base, flanked by a pair of stone lions.
Stone Arch Bridge
Fengyu Bridge is a four-pier, five-arch round stone bridge, oriented north to south. It measures 92 meters in length, 8.1 meters in width, and 9.5 meters in height. The piers are 19.6 meters long and 5.6 meters wide. The five arches vary in span, measuring 8.7 meters, 9.3 meters, 9.8 meters, 9.3 meters, and 8.7 meters from south to north. The bridge features stone railings on both sides. At the northern end, there are two stone lions, while at the southern end, there is a kneeling figure. The pavilion at the southern end was demolished in 1958.
Significance
Xingsu Bridge and Fengyu Bridge represent significant achievements in ancient bridge construction in Yunnan. They are among the largest ancient stone arch bridges in the region, showcasing advanced design, high craftsmanship, and rich inscriptions. Their preservation reflects the historical, architectural, and cultural importance of bridge construction in Yunnan.
Protection
On March 5, 2013, Xingsu Bridge and Fengyu Bridge were officially listed as the 7th batch of National Key Cultural Relics Protection Units by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China.
Chinese Name:禄丰县星宿桥
English Name: Xingsu Bridge in Lufeng County, Chuxiong
Xingsu Bridge, also known as “Ximen Bridge” (West Gate Bridge), spans the Luyi River (also called Xingsu River) just outside the west gate of Lufeng City, Chuxiong. The name “Xingsu” comes from the river’s deep and mysterious waters, which were said to resemble scattered stars. The bridge was once part of the “Eight Scenic Wonders of Lufeng,” specifically known for the view called “Star Reflection on the Dam Bridge.” The bridge features a large stone archway on the west side, adorned with carvings and inscriptions dating back to 1832. A pair of majestic stone lions guards both ends of the bridge, adding to its grand and powerful appearance. In 1983, Xingsu Bridge was recognized as a provincial-level cultural heritage site.
Xingsu Bridge is a seven-arched stone bridge that stretches 96.5 meters in length and 9.8 meters in width. The bridge is flanked by solid railings on both sides, standing 0.6 meters high and 0.4 meters thick. The boat-shaped platforms at each end are 18 meters long and 4.3 meters wide. The entire structure is constructed from red sandstone blocks, which are tightly bound with a mixture of lime and sticky rice mortar, providing remarkable strength and durability.
On the eastern side of the bridge, there is a glazed, dragon-spined wooden archway with four pillars and three gates. This archway features elaborately carved eaves and brackets, with stone drums placed on either side. Intricate carvings of dragons and tigers further enhance the structure’s beauty. The inscription “Xingsu Bridge” was written by Ruan Yuan, Grand Minister of Yunnan and Guizhou, in 1830. The western side of the bridge also features a large stone archway and stone inscriptions detailing the bridge’s restoration in 1832.
Xingsu Bridge played a vital role as a gateway connecting Kunming to western Yunnan, serving as a critical point along the Sichuan-Yunnan postal route. This strategic significance is reflected in many of the stone carvings and couplets found on the bridge. One notable couplet reads:
“Look up to measure the stars and constellations; the Milky Way stretches like a rainbow beyond the sky.
Survey the vast sea of stars; even the city walls submit, and tributes come from the five regions.”
This couplet not only captures the grandeur of Xingsu Bridge but also highlights its importance in connecting Yunnan with the interior regions of China. The bridge’s combination of structures, carvings, and supplementary buildings makes it a rare and unique example of a multi-arched stone bridge in Southwest China.
According to the Xingsu Bridge Restoration Inscription, the site originally featured a bamboo pontoon bridge. The construction of the stone arch bridge began in 1615 during the 43rd year of the Ming Wanli reign. However, due to recurring flood damage, the bridge underwent multiple restorations during the Kangxi period (1662-1722), with three rebuilds and collapses. Another reconstruction was attempted in 1727 during the Yongzheng reign, but the bridge collapsed again. The current bridge and its surrounding structures were completed between 1825 and 1832 during the Daoguang reign.
The stone inscriptions on the bridge describe the history of its construction and feature couplets written by prominent figures of the time. The stone lions placed at each end of the bridge, with their distinct and powerful postures, contribute to the beauty and harmony of the overall architectural design. Together, the bridge, archways, inscriptions, and carvings form a perfect and unified architectural ensemble.
Chinese Name:武定狮子山正续寺
English Name: Zhengxu Temple in Wuding County, Chuxiong
Zhengxu Temple, located on Lion Mountain (Shizi Mountain) in the southwest of Wuding County, Yunnan Province, was founded in 1311 during the Yuan Dynasty. It underwent several reconstructions and expansions during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, resulting in a vast and majestic temple complex. The site contains over a hundred buildings, including the Mahavira Hall, Guanyin Hall, and the Sutra Library.
According to legend, Emperor Hui of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yunwen, took refuge and became a monk at Zhengxu Temple in 1403 after being overthrown by his uncle, Zhu Di. A statue of Emperor Hui, dressed in monk’s robes, can be found in the Sutra Library, alongside statues of two eunuchs and an old minister. A couplet in the temple reads:
“The monk became an emperor, and the emperor became a monk. For decades, the robe and bowl were passed on, the awakening remains as regal as before.
The uncle betrayed his nephew, but the nephew did not betray the uncle. After walking 8,000 miles in straw sandals, Lion Mountain stands taller than Yan Mountain.”
After Zhu Di’s forces captured Nanjing, historical records suggest that Emperor Hui planned to commit suicide. However, a eunuch named Wang Yue remembered a chest left by Emperor Taizu (Zhu Yuanzhang), containing monastic certificates, robes, and a map of secret passages. Emperor Hui and his companions disguised themselves as monks and fled through the palace’s hidden tunnels.
Their journey took them through Hunan, Hubei, and Sichuan before arriving in Yunnan. Initially residing in Wuhua Temple in Kunming, Emperor Hui secretly met with Mu Sheng, the local military governor and a trusted ally of his grandfather, Zhu Yuanzhang. Mu Sheng helped Emperor Hui hide in Lion Mountain near Wuding, where he lived as a wandering monk to avoid capture.
In his later years, Emperor Hui returned to Zhengxu Temple, where he lived as a monk. The Mahavira Hall at the temple bears a couplet reflecting Emperor Hui’s dual identity as both monk and emperor, symbolizing his unique journey. Additionally, two peacock pines and a luohan pine in front of the hall are believed to have been planted by Emperor Hui himself, adding to the temple’s historical significance.
Chinese Name: 芒市万马河生态保护区
English Name: Wanmahe River in Mangshi City, Dehong
Dehong Wanmahe River in Mangshi City travel guide introduces the main attractions, entrance tickets booking, The best time to visit, How to Get there, the highlights, facts, history, photos, weather, accommodation, visiting routes, travel tips, tour maps of Wanmahe River in Dehong.
Chinese Name: 瑞丽市弄岛镇
English Name: Nongdao Town in Ruili City, Dehong
Dehong Nongdao Town in Ruili City travel guide introduces the main attractions, entrance tickets booking, The best time to visit, How to Get there, the highlights, facts, history, photos, weather, accommodation, visiting routes, travel tips, tour maps of Nongdao Town in Dehong.
Chinese Name: 陇川县麻栗坝水库
English Name: Maliba reservoir in Longchuan County, Dehong
Dehong Maliba Reservoir in Longchuan County travel guide introduces the main attractions, entrance tickets booking, The best time to visit, How to Get there, the highlights, facts, history, photos, weather, accommodation, visiting routes, travel tips, tour maps of Maliba Reservoir in Dehong.
Chinese Name: 陇川县皇阁寺
English Name: Huangge Temple in Longchuan County, Dehong
Dehong Huangge Temple in Longchuan County travel guide introduces the main attractions, entrance tickets booking, The best time to visit, How to Get there, the highlights, facts, history, photos, weather, accommodation, visiting routes, travel tips, tour maps of Huangge Temple in Dehong.
Chinese Name: 盈江县弄璋镇万象城遗址
English Name: The Site of Wanxiangcheng Town in Yingjiang County, Dehong
Dehong Site of Wanxiangcheng Town in Yingjiang County travel guide introduces the main attractions, entrance tickets booking, The best time to visit, How to Get there, the highlights, facts, history, photos, weather, accommodation, visiting routes, travel tips, tour maps of Site of Wanxiangcheng Town in Dehong.
Chinese Name: 盈江县卡场河瀑布
English Name: Kachang River Waterfall in Yingjiang County, Dehong
Dehong Kachang River Waterfall in Yingjiang County travel guide introduces the main attractions, entrance tickets booking, The best time to visit, How to Get there, the highlights, facts, history, photos, weather, accommodation, visiting routes, travel tips, tour maps of Kachang River Waterfall in Dehong.
Chinese Name:姚安县福禄广场 English Name: Fulu Square in Yaoan County, Chuxiong Chuxiong Fulu Square in Yaoan County travel guide introduces the main attractions, entrance tickets booking, The best time to...
Chinese Name:姚安县花椒园自然保护区 English Name: Huajiaoyuan Nature Reserve in Yaoan County, Chuxiong Location: The Huajiaoyuan Nature Reserve is situated in Huajiaoyuan Village, Piela Village Committee, Zuomen Township, Yaoan County, Chuxiong...
Chinese Name:双柏县大庄镇苏家祠堂 English Name: Dazhuang Ancestral Temple of Su Family in Shuangbai County, Chuxiong Overview The Dazhuang Su Family Ancestral Temple is located in the center of Dazhuang Street, Dazhuang...
Chinese Name: 禄丰县星宿桥丰裕桥 English Name: Fengyu Bridge in Lufeng County, Chuxiong Overview Fengyu Bridge, located in Xingxiu Park and spanning the Luoci River in Lufeng County, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous...
Chinese Name:禄丰县星宿桥 English Name: Xingsu Bridge in Lufeng County, Chuxiong Overview of Xingsu Bridge Xingsu Bridge, also known as “Ximen Bridge” (West Gate Bridge), spans the Luyi River (also...
Chinese Name:武定狮子山正续寺 English Name: Zhengxu Temple in Wuding County, Chuxiong Zhengxu Temple, located on Lion Mountain (Shizi Mountain) in the southwest of Wuding County, Yunnan Province, was founded in...
Chinese Name: 芒市万马河生态保护区 English Name: Wanmahe River in Mangshi City, Dehong Dehong Wanmahe River in Mangshi City travel guide introduces the main attractions, entrance tickets booking, The best time...
Chinese Name: 瑞丽市弄岛镇 English Name: Nongdao Town in Ruili City, Dehong Dehong Nongdao Town in Ruili City travel guide introduces the main attractions, entrance tickets booking, The best time...
Chinese Name: 陇川县麻栗坝水库 English Name: Maliba reservoir in Longchuan County, Dehong Dehong Maliba Reservoir in Longchuan County travel guide introduces the main attractions, entrance tickets booking, The best time...
Chinese Name: 陇川县皇阁寺 English Name: Huangge Temple in Longchuan County, Dehong Dehong Huangge Temple in Longchuan County travel guide introduces the main attractions, entrance tickets booking, The best time...
Chinese Name: 盈江县弄璋镇万象城遗址 English Name: The Site of Wanxiangcheng Town in Yingjiang County, Dehong Dehong Site of Wanxiangcheng Town in Yingjiang County travel guide introduces the main attractions, entrance...
Chinese Name: 盈江县卡场河瀑布 English Name: Kachang River Waterfall in Yingjiang County, Dehong Dehong Kachang River Waterfall in Yingjiang County travel guide introduces the main attractions, entrance tickets booking, The...
Address: Building 4, Yifuyuan, Hehong Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
Wechat/QQ: 270384698
Office Call: 86-18812220370
Email: Trip@YasoTrip.com
Facebook Page:
https://www.facebook.com/YasoTrip
Tel/WhatsApp: +8618088243690
Trip@YasoTrip.com
Daily: 9:00 am - 6:00 pm
Copyright © 2008 Yaso Trip. All rights reserved
Address: Building 4, Yifuyuan, Hehong Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
Wechat/QQ: 270384698
Office Call: 86-18812220370
Email: Trip@YasoTrip.com
Facebook Page:
https://www.facebook.com/YasoTrip
Tel/WhatsApp: +8618088243690
Trip@YasoTrip.com