Chinese Name: 镇雄县小山峡-躲军洞
English Name: Duojundong Cave in Zhenxiong County, Zhaotong
Duojundong Cave is a scenic attraction located on the western bank of the Zhaidi River in Zhongtun Township, Zhenxiong County, Zhaotong. It lies near the border of Yunnan and Guizhou provinces, about 20 kilometers south of the Zhenxiong County seat and only 500 meters from the main highway that connects Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou. This area is celebrated for its captivating combination of mountains, water, caves, and gorges, offering visitors a sense of serenity similar to the famous landscapes of Guilin.
Main Attractions
Duojundong Cave has two entrances: an upper and a lower one. Entering through the upper entrance, visitors can find poems inscribed on the stone walls by anonymous individuals who once sought refuge in the cave. These writings express a spectrum of emotions, ranging from sorrow and lament over misfortunes to self-mockery and acceptance of fate. For instance, some of the lines read:
- “Avoiding calamity in the mountain garden, who could be as leisurely as I am? Long have I left my hometown behind, not quite immortal, yet akin to one.”
- “Though heaven’s will may depart, human effort can change fate. With a clear conscience, what is there to fear?”
The cave is notable for its intricate, winding passages and hidden chambers. Inside, a subterranean river flows, creating echoes that resonate throughout the cave, offering a unique auditory experience. The cool breeze inside makes it a refreshing retreat even during the hot summer months. The intricate rock formations and the interplay of light and shadow create a sense of otherworldliness, as if one is wandering in a celestial palace.
Historical Background
The Zhaidi River, historically known as Zhijiao River, is a tributary of the Wu River, originating from the ancient Niuniu Mountain Ridge in Hezhang, Guizhou. It flows westward before turning southeast. The upper section is called Liusha River, the lower section Heshui River, with the Zhaidi River flowing through the middle. The riverbanks are lush with green mountains, rich vegetation, and deep forests.
Local legend tells of Luo Ying, a wise figure in northeast Yunnan folklore, who altered the course of the Liusha River to flow through the mountainous terrain, creating what is now known as the Zhaidi River. This adjustment led to the creation of the unique landscape seen today, where the river, resembling a jade belt, flows past Duojundong Cave. The presence of the river and the cave’s unique formations have given rise to the nickname “Yudai Tiangong” (Jade Belt Celestial Palace), highlighting its status as a local natural wonder.
Chinese Name: 昭通彝良县奎香乡雨龙山
English Name: Yulongshan Mountain in Yiliang County, Zhaotong
Location and Geography
Yulongshan Mountain is situated in the southeast of Yiliang County, within Kuixiang Songlin Village, approximately 95 kilometers from the county town. The mountain reaches an elevation of 2,539 meters, making it the highest peak in Kuixiang. The landscape of Yulongshan is characterized by fault development and deep water erosion, resulting in a towering structure with steep valley walls. At the base of the mountain, rocks are stacked irregularly, forming a bizarre and intricate forest of stone.
Overview and Attractions
Yulongshan is renowned for its dramatic landscape, featuring hundreds of unique peaks that rise abruptly from the ground, piercing the sky. These peaks appear to take on various shapes, resembling humans, animals, or vehicles, which seem almost alive, poised to move. When standing atop the “Naitoubao” (Breast Fort), visitors can see the faint outline of “Lianhua Peak” (Lotus Peak) in the distance, evoking the sensation of traveling through a celestial realm. Climbing the “Viewing Platform” offers a breathtaking view of the deep abyss below, inducing a sense of vertigo. The surrounding landscape includes Chao Tianma (Heavenly Horse), Haizi (Small Lakes), and Qiaoshan (Buckwheat Mountain), offering a panoramic view of the majestic scenery.
The ancient plank roads around Yulongshan evoke historical imagery of the Yi people of the Wumeng Mountains, recalling scenes of their warriors with golden armor and fluttering banners, reminiscent of the heroic lament, “The wind is bleak, and the Yi River is cold; the brave warrior departs, never to return.”
Waterfalls and Gorges
The Yulongshan Valley is abundant in water, featuring extraordinary waterfalls. These waterfalls produce a roaring sound, reminiscent of springtime thunder or thousands of galloping horses. The water cascades down the cliffs like a silver river from the heavens, unstoppable in its descent. The waterfalls take on various shapes, resembling snow, curtains, beads, or jade. The steep mountain slopes flanking the waterfalls create a “Kilometer-Long Cliff Corridor” with towering rocks and meandering clear waters, providing a sense of exploring a “Mini Three Gorges.”
Grasslands and Scenic Beauty
Yulongshan is home to over 20,000 acres of grasslands, where cattle and sheep graze in large herds, creating a scene rich in the cultural heritage of the Miao and Yi ethnic minorities. The grasslands are a distinctive feature of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, offering picturesque views throughout the year:
- Spring: Lush green grass competes with blooming flowers.
- Summer: Cool breezes and refreshing springs are accompanied by the sounds of birds.
- Autumn: Blue skies and white clouds contrast with golden grass-covered hills.
- Winter: Snow blankets the fields, creating a northern landscape reminiscent of regions far to the north.
Cultural Significance
Yulongshan is not only a natural wonder but also a place of cultural importance. The Miao and Yi people who inhabit the area maintain rich cultural traditions, which are reflected in local festivals, music, and dance. Visitors can experience the vibrant ethnic culture and hospitality of the local communities while exploring the scenic beauty of Yulongshan.
Conclusion
Yulongshan Mountain offers a combination of natural beauty, rich cultural heritage, and diverse landscapes, making it a unique destination for nature lovers, adventure seekers, and cultural enthusiasts alike. From its dramatic peaks and deep valleys to its picturesque grasslands and majestic waterfalls, Yulongshan provides an unforgettable experience for those who visit.
How to Get There
- From Yiliang County: Yulongshan Mountain is located approximately 95 kilometers from the county town. Visitors can reach Yulongshan by car or by taking local transportation options. The journey provides scenic views of the surrounding countryside, enhancing the travel experience.
Chinese Name: 彝良县洛泽河大峡谷
English Name: Luozehe River Gorge in Yiliang County, Zhaotong
Location and Geographical Features
Luozehe River Gorge is located about 60 kilometers from Zhaotong City in Yiliang County, Yunnan Province. The area features a landscape with higher elevations to the south and lower elevations to the north, characterized by complex terrain with significant elevation changes, interlaced valleys, and rivers. The gorge exhibits a heavily eroded high mountain gorge terrain with karst formations. The topography includes steep mountains and sharp slopes, with a relative height difference of over 1,500 meters. Cross-sections of the gorge often present “V” or “U” shapes, with slopes typically ranging from 35 to over 45 degrees. The slopes also contain varying sizes of gentle terraces.
Climate
Luozehe River Gorge falls within a warm and humid river valley climate zone. Winters and springs are mild, while summers and autumns are hot. The area does not experience frost or permafrost. The annual average temperature is around 16°C, with the highest temperatures reaching up to 40°C and the lowest around -4°C. The annual rainfall is approximately 800 millimeters.
Overview and Attractions
The Luozehe River flows through several towns, including Luozehe Town, Jiaokui Town, Long’an Township, and Zhongming Township, before joining the Guan River. The section known as “Luozehe River” extends over 140 kilometers, offering a rich aquatic ecosystem with a variety of fish species. The steep cliffs along the gorge give it a dramatic landscape comparable to the grandeur of the Three Gorges. A notable feature is the Luozehe Waterfall (also known as Biaoshuiyan), which is the second-highest waterfall in Yunnan, with a drop of approximately 300 meters.
Cultural and Historical Significance
Perched atop the Guoquanyan cliffs along the river is the Longshi Manor, resembling an ancient fortress. The historical castle known locally as “Luosan Laoye’s House” is situated on Maomao Mountain, which dominates the river’s edge, controlling the strategic passage into Zhaotong. The cliffs rise precipitously, forming natural defensive walls that were once considered impenetrable. The gorge is home to ethnic minorities, including the Miao and Yi peoples, who maintain their traditional customs and cultural practices.
The Luozehe River Gorge also contains relics of hanging coffins on the Guoquanyan cliffs, and the cliffs and mountainsides provide habitat for various wildlife species, such as monkeys and rock sheep. The gorge is steeped in local legends and myths that have been passed down through generations, enriching its cultural landscape.
Industrial Development
The upper reaches of the river are flanked by the Luozehe Industrial Zone, rich in coal and lead-zinc resources. The area boasts substantial reserves and high-quality minerals, making it a major industrial base for coal and lead-zinc in Zhaotong City. It also serves as an industrial tourism area for Yiliang County.
Conclusion
Luozehe River Gorge is a masterpiece of natural beauty and geological wonder, combining scenic landscapes, historical and cultural significance, and abundant natural resources. Its unique environment makes it a popular spot for rafting and other outdoor recreational activities, offering visitors a blend of natural splendor and cultural richness.
Location: Yiliang County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province, China
How to Get to Luozehe River Gorge in Yiliang County, Zhaotong
Location: Yiliang County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province, China
To visit the Luozehe River Gorge, you’ll need to travel to Yiliang County, located approximately 60 kilometers from Zhaotong City. Here are the transportation details to help you reach the gorge:
1. From Zhaotong City to Yiliang County:
- By Car:
- The most convenient way to travel from Zhaotong City to Yiliang County is by car. The drive takes about 1.5 to 2 hours, depending on traffic and road conditions. You can take the G85 Chongqing–Kunming Expressway, which connects Zhaotong to Yiliang, and then follow local roads to the gorge area.
- By Bus:
- Regular buses operate between Zhaotong City and Yiliang County. The journey typically takes around 2 to 3 hours. Once you arrive at Yiliang County Bus Station, you may need to hire a taxi or arrange for local transport to take you directly to Luozehe River Gorge.
2. From Kunming to Zhaotong City:
- By Flight:
- Zhaotong City has an airport with flights from Kunming, the capital of Yunnan Province. The flight duration is approximately 1 hour. After landing, you can proceed to Yiliang County by car or bus.
- By Bus:
- Long-distance buses are available from Kunming to Zhaotong. The bus ride takes around 5 to 6 hours. Once in Zhaotong, you can transfer to a local bus or taxi to reach Yiliang County and the Luozehe River Gorge.
- By Train:
- Although there is no direct train from Kunming to Zhaotong City, you can take a train to nearby cities like Yibin or Chongqing and then continue your journey to Zhaotong by bus or car.
3. Local Transportation to Luozehe River Gorge:
- Taxi or Private Car:
- Hiring a taxi or private car from Yiliang County is the most flexible and convenient option for reaching the Luozehe River Gorge. The drive offers scenic views of the surrounding landscape.
- Guided Tours:
- Consider booking a guided tour that includes transportation from Yiliang County or Zhaotong City to the gorge. This option provides the advantage of local knowledge and ensures you don’t miss any highlights along the way.
Whether you choose to drive or use public transportation, visiting Luozehe River Gorge offers a unique experience combining natural beauty, cultural heritage, and outdoor adventure in Yunnan Province.
Chinese Name: 永善县墨翰乡瀑布群
English Name: Mohan Waterfalls in Yongshan County, Zhaotong
Overview
Mohan Waterfalls are located in Jingping Village, within Mohan Township, Yongshan County, Zhaotong, Yunnan Province. The village is situated 6 kilometers from the Mohan Township government seat, accessible via a 2-kilometer stretch of rural road and a 4-kilometer village path. The area is fully equipped with water and electricity infrastructure.
Scenic Beauty
Jingping Village is characterized by rolling mountains, overlapping peaks, and lush forests. The green waters of the rivers flow joyfully through the mountains, creating picturesque landscapes where mountains embrace the rivers, and waters reflect the verdant hills. The harmonious sounds of birds chirping echo through the valleys. Visitors stepping into this idyllic setting are met with a sense of peace and tranquility, appreciating the vibrant natural scenery that has given rise to the diverse and unique waterfalls of Mohan Township.
The waterfalls are spread over an area of approximately 5 square kilometers, with more than a dozen waterfalls of varying sizes. The most notable and spectacular waterfalls include the Rainbow Waterfall, Bailin Waterfall, and Heiyan Waterfall:
- Rainbow Waterfall: This natural wonder is renowned for its impressive height and the breathtaking rainbows it creates. The waterfall cascades from a cliff over 100 meters high and 5 to 6 meters wide, plunging down a sheer drop, resembling shattered jade. The sight is grand and awe-inspiring. A poetic description captures its essence: “A thousand feet of waves shatter like jade, a pool roars with the sound of the wind, the green mountains and waters are adorned with flowers, and the liquid jade pours over rocks of iron.” On sunny days, the waterfall’s mist creates multiple rainbows, crafting a magical, dreamlike world.
- Bailin Waterfall and Heiyan Waterfall: Located about 1 kilometer from the Rainbow Waterfall, these waterfalls are equally captivating. From a distance, they appear like white silk ribbons hanging down the mountainside, enhancing the scenic allure of the area.
Hydroelectric Development
Mohan Township is rich in hydropower resources, with three main rivers—Sanyu River, Upper Xiaoriver, and Lower Xiaoriver—and numerous tributaries. There are over 30 waterfalls within the township, and 12 small to medium-sized hydropower stations have been established. These stations generate more than 1 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity annually and provide over 70 employment opportunities for local residents, earning the township the nickname “Pearl of Hydropower.”
Conclusion
Mohan Waterfalls, with their natural beauty, lush green surroundings, and impressive hydroelectric development, offer a unique combination of natural splendor and modern utility. The area’s development into a tourist attraction highlights its potential to draw visitors and enhance local economic growth while preserving the natural environment.
Location: Jingping Village, Mohan Township, Yongshan County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province, China
Chinese Name: 昭通市景风水库
English Name: Jingfeng Reservoir in Zhaoyang District, Zhaotong
Overview
Jingfeng Reservoir is situated in Shouwang Township, located in the southern suburbs of Zhaotong City, approximately 12 kilometers from the city center. The reservoir benefits from convenient transportation, making it easily accessible for visitors. The area is characterized by its surrounding mountains, lush forests, and abundant water resources, providing a scenic and serene environment that is well-suited for tourism, leisure, and vacation activities.
Development and Planning
To fully utilize the natural beauty and resources of Jingfeng Reservoir, there are plans to develop the area into a comprehensive park that highlights the cultural heritage of Zhaotong’s ethnic groups. The vision for the park includes facilities and attractions for sightseeing, leisure vacations, conferences, entertainment, fishing, fitness, and horticulture. The design and planning have been entrusted to a landscape design firm from Kunming, with the project following national scenic area planning guidelines.
- Investment and Timeline: The project has an estimated total investment of 45 million yuan, with a planned construction period of 10 to 15 years. The development aims to transform Jingfeng Reservoir into a prominent destination for both locals and tourists, enhancing its appeal and functionality.
Features and Amenities
- Natural Environment: Surrounded by mountains and dense forests, the reservoir offers a tranquil setting that promotes relaxation and outdoor activities.
- Tourism and Leisure: The area is being developed to cater to various interests, including sightseeing, fishing, and fitness activities, making it an ideal spot for families, nature enthusiasts, and those seeking recreational opportunities.
- Cultural Promotion: Efforts will be made to incorporate elements of Zhaotong’s ethnic culture into the design and activities available at the reservoir, offering visitors a chance to experience and appreciate local traditions and heritage.
- Future Plans: The comprehensive park will feature amenities for hosting conferences and events, along with spaces for entertainment and horticulture displays, providing a well-rounded experience for visitors.
Location
- Address: Shuijingwan Village, Shouwang Township, Zhaoyang District, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province, China
With its strategic location and rich natural resources, Jingfeng Reservoir is poised to become a key attraction in Zhaoyang District, blending natural beauty with cultural elements to create a unique and inviting destination for both relaxation and cultural exploration.
Chinese Name: 鲁甸县崇文阁
English Name: Chongwen Pavillion in Ludian County, Zhaotong
Chongwen Pavilion is a prominent cultural and historical landmark located in the new urban area of Ludian County. Covering a land area of 9 acres with a building space of 1,167.5 square meters, the pavilion features a variety of structures, including a main hall dedicated to Confucius, exhibition rooms, recreational rooms, and offices for the local literary federation, totaling 11 rooms. The site also includes traditional Chinese architectural elements such as long corridors, archways, a garden, a pond, and small bridges, creating an elegant and dignified atmosphere.
Cultural and Historical Significance
- Historical Roots: The original Chongwen Pavilion was established in 1777 during the 42nd year of Emperor Qianlong’s reign, highlighting Ludian’s long-standing tradition of valuing education and culture. The pavilion was initially located at the base of what is now called Wenping Mountain, giving the county the historical name “Chongwen Town.” Though the original structure was eventually destroyed, five ancient cedar trees still stand as reminders of its legacy.
- Purpose and Cultural Role: Chongwen Pavilion serves as a sacred place dedicated to venerating Confucian sages, similar to the Confucian Temple in Qufu, Shandong. It stands as a symbol of traditional Chinese Confucian values, emphasizing the importance of education, cultural refinement, and moral integrity.
Reconstruction and Development
- Reconstruction Efforts: The modern reconstruction of Chongwen Pavilion began in June 2005, expanding the site to over 20 acres. The complex now includes multiple architectural elements such as Chongwen stone steps, Chongwen archway, Pan Pool, Zhuangyuan Bridge, Ruyuan, First Teacher Hall, Zhonghe Hall, Xuewen Hall, Minglun Hall, Ink Wash Studio, Scholar’s Pavilion, Honoring Teacher Archway, and a viewing platform.
- Symbolic Location: Situated on Wolong Mountain’s dragon-head-shaped peak, Chongwen Pavilion symbolizes a strategic priority of education in the region, as its elevation is even higher than that of the government office building.
Architectural and Scenic Features
- Key Architectural Elements:
- Chongwen Stone Steps and Archway: Leading up to the pavilion, these features emphasize the importance of knowledge and cultural heritage.
- Pan Pool and Zhuangyuan Bridge: A lotus-shaped pool symbolizes the continuous pursuit of knowledge, with the Zhuangyuan Bridge historically crossed by scholars before taking their exams.
- Gardens and Pavilions: The pavilion complex includes three main courtyards, with the central courtyard named Ruyuan. The design features decorative walls with plum, orchid, and bamboo motifs, evoking a sense of serenity. The central area also houses the First Teacher Hall and additional side chambers.
- Scholar’s Pavilion and Ink Wash Studio: Located on either side of Ruyuan, these structures each have a main hall and side chambers, reflecting traditional Chinese architecture and serving as spaces for contemplation and cultural activities.
- Nine-Bend Corridor and Viewing Platform: The corridor leads to a viewing platform, offering panoramic views of Ludian County, including both old and new districts, Century Avenue, and various urban landmarks, blending ancient charm with modern development.
Significance and Community Impact
Chongwen Pavilion is more than just a historical site; it is a symbol of cultural pride and educational importance in Ludian County. By embodying traditional Confucian values, the pavilion encourages unity, cultural appreciation, and a commitment to education among all ethnic groups in the area. It serves as an inspiring reminder of the rich heritage and bright future of Ludian County, fostering a love for the homeland and a desire to build a prosperous and harmonious community.
Chinese Name: 鲁甸县太阳湖
English Name: Sun Lake in Ludian County, Zhaotong
Location and Layout:
Sun Lake is situated in the southern suburbs of Ludian County, bordered to the east by the Qiaowei Highway and to the west by the Minglou Natural Village. It covers an area of 320 acres. The overall layout of the park comprises four main components: the lake’s water surface, small islands, the lake road, and the commercial area.
Features:
- Shape and Size: Sun Lake is butterfly-shaped and located in the center of a flat plain on the city’s outskirts. The water surface covers 160,000 square meters, with a depth of 2.2 meters.
- Islands: The lake features three islands, each equipped with Jiangnan-style garden facilities such as octagonal pavilions and long corridors. Arch-shaped bridges connect the islands, creating a picturesque landscape with islands surrounded by water.
- Surroundings: The lake is encircled by a landscaped greenbelt with garden features. At the junction with Century Avenue, there is a fountain and a rock waterfall, designed to evoke a charming Jiangnan (Southern China) scenery with lush willows, abundant water mist, and fragrant flowers.
Cultural Significance:
The name “Sun Lake” originates from the Yi ethnic group’s worship of fire and sun totems, reflecting deep ethnic cultural significance.
Seasonal Beauty:
Sun Lake offers beautiful scenery throughout the year, with picturesque views such as:
- “Morning views of the red sunrise and evening reflections of the glowing clouds.”
- “Moonlight spilling silver on half the lake and lights casting reflections in the autumn pond.”
The lake is a popular destination for relaxation and recreation, providing a perfect setting for visitors to enjoy its scenic beauty.
Chinese Name: 盐津县妹儿山
English Name: Meier Mountain in Yanjin County, Zhaotong
“妹儿” (Meier) is a dialect term with multiple meanings. It generally refers to a young girl or maiden and can be used as a term of endearment or affectionate nickname for a younger female. In certain contexts, it can carry a slightly flirtatious connotation.
Location and Features:
Meier Mountain is located in Luoyan Township, over 50 kilometers east of Yanjin County. The mountain stretches in a long, irregular shape, with valleys and peaks arranged in a concentric pattern. In the central part where the valleys converge, the gentle undulations of the Fengshan mountain range give rise to elegant and picturesque peaks.
- Luoyan Mountain: Majestic and elegant, with dense bamboo forests.
- Luoke Mountain: Features layered cliffs that are both beautiful and dramatic, covered in lush greenery.
- Yongfeng Ridge: Known for its sharp and high peaks, reaching into the clouds.
- Hanpo Ridge: Imposing and grand, overlooking the surrounding mountains.
- Meier Mountain: Graceful in shape, standing tall against the wind with a charming and youthful appearance, it resembles a refined young maiden in the spring, gracefully wandering amidst the blue skies and rugged mountains. It shines with a gentle brilliance.
Surrounding Areas:
Meier Mountain is accompanied by various intriguing locations, including:
- Dalongtan: A significant water body.
- Qincao Slope: Named after its landscape.
- Hanpo Ridge: Known for its specific terrain.
- Zhugen Slope: A place with unique features.
- Langzigou: A scenic valley.
- Xiannü Pond: Named after its ethereal beauty.
These places either derive their names from their shapes or have poetic or fanciful associations, adding to the mountain’s allure and enhancing its natural beauty.
Historical and Cultural Significance:
Meier Mountain also has a connection to a notable figure, Li Mingzhang, a distinguished and talented youth with a refined disposition. Known in literature as Li Huan-tu, he was a scholar who passed the imperial examination in 1909 and excelled in poetry, literature, and art.
Before achieving fame, Li Mingzhang spent years studying diligently, enduring hardships and isolation. Despite the rigorous demands of his studies, the mountain’s charm was irresistible. Each season, at dawn and dusk, he found himself drawn to Meier Mountain, creating poems and paintings inspired by its beauty. In Li Mingzhang’s mind, Meier Mountain embodied a beloved figure, someone to cherish and appreciate in quiet moments.
Li Mingzhang’s works include numerous poems and paintings dedicated to Meier Mountain, filled with deep affection and fresh expression. Although some of his poetry includes metaphorical references to mystical women, they are not considered vulgar. Nonetheless, there were criticisms from some quarters, though these criticisms often focused on the mountain itself rather than Li Mingzhang directly.
As an accomplished scholar returning to his hometown, Li Mingzhang remained deeply attached to Meier Mountain. His works, particularly the poem “Ode to Meier Mountain,” vividly describe the mountain’s seasonal beauty and his enduring affection, continuing to evoke admiration and respect for its timeless charm.
Chinese Name:大关县罗汉坝森林公园
English Name: Luohanba Forest Park in Daguan County, Zhaotong
Overview:
Luohanba Forest Park is located 15 kilometers northeast of Tianxing Town in Daguan County, about 53 kilometers from the county seat. The park spans a total area of 76 square kilometers, with elevations ranging from 1,923 to 2,100 meters. It features over 100,000 acres of natural reserves, 50,500 acres of pristine forest, and more than 1,700 acres of wetlands. The area is home to 13 species of national-level protected animals, including bears and clouded leopards, and 20 species of rare and endangered plants, such as yews and rhododendrons. The forest boasts a vegetation coverage of 99%, making it a natural forest sanctuary and a haven for fresh air.
Tourist Attractions:
- Jiucheng Rock:
- Location: East side of Yanhe Village, Tianxing Town.
- Description: This area features a series of peaks over 200 meters high, resembling towering camel humps. The weathered rock layers form nine stepped terraces on the cliff face, with lush green vegetation growing in the crevices. The peaks vary in shape, appearing like bamboo shoots up close, turtles from afar, and towers or Buddhas from different angles. When enveloped in mist, the scene becomes ethereal, with clouds and fog swirling around the peaks.
- Longtang Waterfall:
- Location: 100 meters northwest of Longtangba.
- Description: The waterfall cascades down from a series of small cliffs before plunging 13 meters from a steep ledge. It starts narrow at 1.5 meters and widens to 3 meters, resembling a skirt as it falls. The waterfall’s white spray contrasts beautifully with the surrounding dark green trees and bamboo, creating a striking and elegant scene.
- Tianwai Laike (Visitor from Beyond):
- Description: The flowing water from the winding Zhuanzhuan River is diverted by a large upright rock resembling a giant frog, splitting into two streams before merging again. Facing the rock is another massive stone shaped like a giant’s head, covered with dense vegetation that resembles hair. The stone’s features, including bright eyes and a prominent nose, suggest it has just tasted the fresh water and is savoring its sweetness.
- Bamboo Sea:
- Description: The park is surrounded by 40,000 acres of bamboo forests, with thousands of acres of pure bamboo in the northwest of the reservoir. The main bamboo species is Iron Buddha bamboo, with other varieties including water bamboo, spotted bamboo, charity bamboo, and arrow bamboo. The bamboo forests create a vast, green sea, with sunlight making the leaves sparkle and the breeze causing the branches to sway gently.
- Primitive Forest:
- Location: Eastern mountain ridges of Luohanba.
- Description: Covering approximately 14 square kilometers, this ancient forest is rich in dense, well-structured, and beautiful Emei oak trees. The forest is home to a variety of protected animals such as black bears, wild boars, and golden cats, as well as rare plants like ginkgo and camellias. The forest floor is covered with ancient trees, tangled vines, and hanging moss, creating a mysterious and primal atmosphere.
- Rhododendron Lake:
- Location: Eastern edge of the county.
- Description: At an altitude of 1,944 meters, the lake is 190 meters long and 14.1 meters high, with a storage capacity of 3.8 million cubic meters. The reservoir is situated on a tabletop landscape, surrounded by lush forests and bamboo sea. The lake offers stunning views with its clear blue waters and surrounding scenery, including blooming rhododendrons and a variety of bird species.
- Zhuanzhuan River:
- Length: 3 kilometers.
- Description: The river’s winding path and changing water flow give it its name. After flowing 500 meters from the reservoir dam, the riverbed becomes steep and deep, with a total drop of over 500 meters along its winding course. The area features deep canyons, steep cliffs, and lush vegetation, with cascading waterfalls and rugged paths enhancing its natural beauty.
- Grassland:
- Area: Approximately 80,000 square meters.
- Description: This flat and expansive grassland is surrounded by rolling hills and green scenery. The lush green grass resembles a vast natural carpet, dotted with colorful flowers. The area offers a serene and picturesque setting, ideal for relaxation, picnicking, and enjoying the beautiful surroundings. In winter, it transforms into a pristine snow-covered landscape.
- Jiutian Waterfall:
- Width: 10-20 meters.
- Description: The waterfall cascades from nearly 100 meters high, creating a thunderous roar that can be heard from hundreds of meters away. The deep pool below is kept clear of fallen leaves by a flock of water birds. The waterfall’s stream continues with a playful descent over a 30-meter cliff, creating a charming and dramatic natural scene.
- Yupan Waterfall:
- Location: Downstream from Jiutian Waterfall.
- Description: Consisting of three similar streams, this waterfall, although smaller in drop, is exceptionally beautiful. The clear spring water cascades from the rocks onto a circular stone platform, creating a dazzling spray. Sunlight filtering through the trees makes the water sparkle like a rotating necklace of colorful pearls.
Accessibility:
- Luohanba Scenic Area is conveniently located near major roads and railways. It is about 1 hour to the Yanjiang Dou Sha Pass tourist area, 2 hours to the Shuihu Grand Canyon, and 3 hours to the Shunan Bamboo Sea. The scenic area is also well-connected to major hydropower stations like Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba, and Baihetan, with travel times from these stations not exceeding 2-3 hours. Luohanba is poised to become a central tourist destination, ideal for summer escapes, relaxation, and exploration.
Chinese Name: 僰人悬棺
English Name: Bo People Hanging Coffin in Sichuan and Yunnan
Overview:
The Bo People Hanging Coffin Burial, also known as the Gongxian Hanging Coffin and commonly referred to as “Hanging Rock Coffins,” is located in Matangba and Suma Bay in Gongxian County, Yibin City, Sichuan Province. These ancient cliffside burial sites date from the Song Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty and are characterized by placing the coffins on sheer cliff faces.
The Bo People Hanging Coffins are divided into two parts: the Matangba Hanging Coffins and the Suma Bay Hanging Coffins. There are a total of 265 hanging coffins, typically positioned 10 to 30 meters above the ground, with some reaching up to approximately 110 meters. The coffins are generally larger at the head end and smaller at the tail, most of which are carved from camphor wood, though some have deteriorated. The site is the most concentrated and well-preserved hanging coffin site in China, providing valuable physical evidence for studying Bo people’s funeral customs.
On January 13, 1988, the Bo People Hanging Coffin Burial was officially designated as a National Key Cultural Relic Protection Unit by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China.
Historical Development:
- Song Dynasty: The Bo People Hanging Coffin Burial began to gain prominence.
- Ming Dynasty (1573): After the Bo-Han War, the Bo people were eradicated, leading to the cessation of the hanging coffin burial practices.
- July 1974: The Bo People Hanging Coffins were formally cleaned and excavated for the first time.
- December 1984 to January 1985: Further cleaning and excavation of the site took place.
Architectural Layout:
The Bo People Hanging Coffins are categorized into Matangba Hanging Coffins and Suma Bay Hanging Coffins. There are 265 coffins in total, with heights ranging from 10 to 30 meters, and some reaching around 110 meters. The placement methods include:
- Wooden Stake Method: Holes are drilled into the cliff to insert wooden stakes, on which the coffins are placed.
- Niche Method: Horizontal or vertical niches are carved into the rock face to embed the coffins.
- Natural Caves Method: Coffins are placed in natural caves.
The coffins are typically wider at the head end and narrower at the tail, with most made from camphor wood, although some are deteriorated.
Cultural Relics:
- Matangba Hanging Coffins: Distributed across steep cliffs of 21 mountains, with 223 coffins currently preserved. There are also numerous stake holes resembling honeycombs. Over 200 rock paintings, created with red or white mineral pigments, adorn the area, many on stake holes or coffins, though some have been damaged.
- Suma Bay Hanging Coffins: Found along a 600-meter-long, 20 to 100-meter-high rock face, with 42 coffins currently preserved. Seven coffins are placed in natural caves or on rock pedestals, while thirty-five are supported by wooden stakes.
Historical and Cultural Significance:
The Bo people were an ancient ethnic group residing in southwest China during the pre-Qin period. The term “Bo” was used to refer to this group, also known as “Shandu Zhang” or “Duzhang Man.” During the Zhou Dynasty, the Bo people participated in military campaigns against the Shang Dynasty. Later, they established the Bo State in Yibin City, Sichuan Province. By the Song Dynasty, they had developed into an independent Bo Kingdom. In 1115 AD, under the leadership of their leader Bu Lou, the Bo people rebelled against the Song Dynasty but were defeated. In 1573, the Bo people attempted another rebellion in Xingwen and Gongxian, known as the Bo-Han War, but were eradicated by the Ming Dynasty’s Liu Xian and Liu Ting, and subsequently disappeared.
Value of the Cultural Relics:
The Bo People Hanging Coffin Burial is the most concentrated and well-preserved site of hanging coffins in China. It provides significant physical evidence for studying the funeral customs of the Bo people.
Preservation:
- 1956: The Bo People Hanging Coffins were designated as a provincial-level cultural relic protection unit by the Sichuan Provincial People’s Government.
- January 13, 1988: The Bo People Hanging Coffin Burial was officially listed as a third batch National Key Cultural Relic Protection Unit by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China.
Yunnan Bo People Hanging Coffins
Chinese Name: 云南僰人悬棺
English Name: Yunnan Bo People Hanging Coffins
Overview:
In Yunnan, hanging coffins are primarily found in the northeastern region, along the Jinsha River basin in areas such as Yongshan, Yanjin, and Weixin. Historical records indicate that hanging coffins were once present in Zhaotong and Zhenxiong, but they are now difficult to locate. Notable sites include:
- Yongshan County: Huanghua Township Qiaowan, and Shunjiang E-she Cliff Caves.
- Yanjin County: Dousha Town Shimen Village, Xinglong Township Haozhi Village, and Lingguanyan.
- Weixin County: Changan Township Washi Village, and Longma Old Cave in Jiuqiao Town.
Historical Background:
The practice of hanging coffins in Yunnan dates back to ancient times and was described in historical texts. The “Yunnan Zhi Lue” by Li Jing from the Yuan Dynasty mentions that local customs involved placing coffins on high cliffs as a form of burial, believing that the higher the coffin, the more auspicious it was.
Bo People Hanging Coffin of Doushaguan in Yanjin County, ZhaotongKey Sites:
- Dousha Guan Hanging Coffins:
- Location: Southern cliff of Guan River, Dousha Township, Shimen Village.
- Details: Situated in a natural rectangular cavity 480 meters above sea level. Originally, there were around 40 coffins, but only about 11 remain. The site is noted for its dramatic cliffside setting and is sometimes referred to as a “Hanging Coffin Museum.”
- Washi Hanging Coffins:
- Location: Changan Township, Weixin County.
- Details: Similar in style to the coffins in Gongxian County, Sichuan. Currently, there are 3 original coffins and 4 replicas. The coffins are mounted on a cliff several hundred meters high.
- Longma Old Cave:
- Location: Jiuqiao Town, Weixin County.
- Details: Comprises 8 caves on a cliff. Excavations revealed wooden coffins and human bones. The site offers significant insights into ancient burial practices.
- Zhenxiong and Dawanxiang:
- Details: There are reported remains of hanging coffins in Dawanxiang’s Zhuang’er Tea Village, although their exact locations are elusive.
Significance:
These sites offer critical insights into the ancient burial customs of the Bo people, reflecting their unique practices and beliefs. The hanging coffins are notable for their difficult-to-reach locations and the enigmatic methods used to place them, contributing to their mystique. They are considered valuable cultural relics and are protected as key historical sites.
Chinese Name: 五尺道
English Name: Wuchi Ancient Road between Yunnan and Sichuan
Overview
The Wuchi Ancient Road, also known as the Wuchi Road, is a historical route constructed during the Warring States period in China. It served as a crucial corridor connecting the Central Plains, Sichuan, and Yunnan. The road was established under the leadership of Li Bing, the Governor of Shuchuan in the Qin state, who used the primitive method of burning and chiseling rock to create the path. Due to its narrow width of just five feet, it was named “Wuchi Road.”
Historical Significance
The Wuchi Ancient Road, also known as the “Stone Gate Road” in Tang Dynasty records and the “Zhutidao” because of its pivotal role at Zhutidao (present-day Zhaotong), was an important official road during the Qin and Han Dynasties. It was a key commercial route between Yunnan and Sichuan, comparable in significance to the wide “Chidao” (fast road) constructed by Emperor Qin Shi Huang in other parts of China. The road facilitated trade and cultural exchanges and was a vital part of the Southern Silk Road.
Route and Geography
The existing remnants of the Wuchi Road are primarily located in Sichuan’s Yibin and Yunnan’s Zhaotong areas. Key sections include:
- 豆沙关 (Dousha Pass): About 20 kilometers south of Yanjin County, this section of the road is approximately 350 meters long and 5 feet wide. It features uneven stone steps and numerous hoofprints.
- 筠连塘坝 (Junlian Tangba): This area contains some of the few remaining sections of the ancient road still in use today.
- 五尺道遗迹 (Wuchi Road Remains): In the Wude Township of Junlian County, a 200-meter-long stretch of the road, paved with limestone slabs, is well-preserved. The footprints of mules and humans are still visible on the weathered stones.
Historical Context
Constructed during the Qin Dynasty, the Wuchi Road originally stretched about 350 meters and was 5 feet wide. The road, though narrow, was crucial for connecting Yunnan and Sichuan. It began in Yibin and extended south to Qujing, passing through various counties like Yanjin, Daguan, and Zhaotong. During the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of Han commissioned Tang Meng to refurbish and extend the road to reach the Dianchi region. The road became a major trade route, integrating the southwest with the central plains and facilitating the flow of goods such as Yunnan’s slaves, horses, rhino hides, and metals, as well as Sichuan’s ironware.
Terrain and Construction Challenges
The terrain along the Wuchi Road is rugged and treacherous. Historical records describe the road as extremely difficult, with steep mountain paths and narrow passages. Construction involved burning rock with charcoal and then applying cold water to create fractures for easier chiseling. Many traces of these methods are still visible on the cliffs today.
Preservation and Modern Legacy
Today, remnants of the Wuchi Road have been listed as provincial-level protected cultural relics. They provide valuable insights into the historical connections between Yunnan and central China and the ancient transportation routes. Despite being replaced by modern highways, traces of the ancient road can still be seen, such as in Dousha Pass, the Daguan Old Road, the Masangping Old Road, the Qujing Yansong Old Road, and the Keduo Old Road.
Notable Sections:
- Dousha Pass: Preserves a 350-meter stretch of the road with stone steps and historical inscriptions.
- Daguan Old Road: A 10-kilometer stretch through a rugged gorge with steep cliffs and historic bridges.
- Masangping Old Road: A 1-kilometer segment with well-preserved features of the ancient road.
- Qujing Yansong Old Road: A section featuring historical bridges and paved stone paths.
- Keduo Old Road: Includes well-preserved remnants and ancient fortifications, demonstrating its historical significance.
The Wuchi Ancient Road remains an important symbol of historical trade and cultural exchanges between regions and is a key component of the Southern Silk Road.
Chinese Name: 盐津县豆沙关风景名胜区
English Name: Doushaguan Pass in Yanjin County, Zhaotong
Overview
Doushaguan Pass, located 20 kilometers from Yanjin County in Yunnan, is a scenic area designated as a provincial-level tourist attraction. It spans approximately 70 square kilometers and includes notable sites such as Doushaguan, Sangushui, Lianhua Cave, and Dali Mountain. The area features a variety of landscapes and historical sites, reflecting its significance as a major gateway in the historical southwest Silk Road.
Main Attractions
- Doushaguan Pass: Known for its rugged ancient trail, Doushaguan is a historic pass that served as a crucial point on the route from Sichuan to Yunnan, and further to Myanmar and India. The remnants of the “Five-Foot Path,” built during the Qin Dynasty, are preserved here, with notable features including uneven stone steps and numerous hoofprints.
- Old Dali Mountain Scenery: Renowned for its striking landscapes, Dali Mountain offers breathtaking views and is a significant feature of the region’s natural beauty.
- Round Hill and Ruyi Peak: Famous for their picturesque formations, these features add to the area’s unique charm.
- Natural Maze: A captivating natural labyrinth that adds an element of intrigue to the visit.
- Rare Flowers and Ancient Trees: The area is home to numerous valuable flower species and towering ancient trees.
- Sangushui Waterfall: A picturesque waterfall that enhances the scenic allure of the region.
- Cultural Relics: The area boasts rich cultural heritage with significant historical artifacts and inscriptions, including the famous Tang Dynasty stele by Yuan Zi, which dates back to 794 AD.
Historical Significance
- Ancient Pathways: Doushaguan, historically known as Shimen Pass, was a critical defensive point in ancient times. It represents the first major barrier for travelers moving from Sichuan into Yunnan.
- Historical Inscriptions: The Tang Dynasty stele by Yuan Zi, a notable calligrapher, marks the historical significance of the area and provides valuable insights into the history of the Tang Dynasty and the Nanzhao Kingdom.
- Archaeological Significance: The Five-Foot Path remains one of the best-preserved ancient roads with a large number of hoofprints, reflecting its historical importance as a major trade route.
Festivals and Events
- Yanjin County Culinary Competition: The second annual “Yanjin Master Chef” cooking skills competition was held during the May Day holiday. The event, which includes cultural experiences, scenic tours, and local cuisine, highlights the region’s rich history and cultural traditions.
- Cultural Tourism Development: Doushaguan Pass, with its designation as a provincial-level scenic spot and cultural heritage site, continues to attract visitors. The site has evolved into a popular destination for cultural experiences, outdoor adventures, and leisure activities.
Visitor Experience
Doushaguan Pass offers a rich blend of historical significance, natural beauty, and cultural heritage. Visitors can explore the ancient pathways, enjoy the diverse landscapes, and immerse themselves in the local traditions and cuisine. The area stands as a testament to the historical and cultural tapestry of the southwest Silk Road.
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