Duan Zhenran – Inheritor of Inkstone-carving Craft in Eryuan County, Dali
大理州洱源县凤羽乡砚台雕刻技艺传承人 – 段臻然
http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13111-2701.html
Li Renhan – Inheritor of Caizha Paper Art in Heqing County, Dali
大理州鹤庆县云鹤镇彩扎传承人 – 李忍汉
http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13111-2700.html
Pu Mingcai, born in 1950 in Huaning County (华宁县), Yuxi City, is a representative inheritor of traditional wood carving techniques in Hongta District. Below is a detailed introduction to his life and craft.
Personal Journey
Early Life
- From 1966 to 1969, he learned carpentry from his elder brother.
- In 1969, he enlisted in the military and served for seven years.
- After leaving the army, he continued working as a carpenter and opened his own furniture factory in 1995.
Transition to Wood Carving
- In 1997, at the age of 47, Pu Mingcai decided to shift from furniture-making to wood carving.
- Despite no formal training, he mastered the craft through self-study, driven by passion and his carpentry background.
Recognition as an Inheritor
- In July 2014, his wood carving techniques were officially listed as a district-level intangible cultural heritage (ICH) project in Hongta District.
Wood Carving Techniques and Masterpieces
Artistic Features
- Specializes in boxwood, wild red toon, and Indian ebony.
- Skilled in hollow double-sided carving and deep relief carving, with a strong sense of composition and intricate detailing.
Representative Works
Coffin for Master Shi Yongxiu of Lingzhao Temple (灵照寺释永修大师棺木) (2003–2004)
- Dimensions: 340 cm (H) × 140 cm (W) × 20 cm (D), weighing 1,400 kg.
- Features: Four coiling dragons, celestial canopy, and seasonal flowers.
Large Deep Relief Screen “Nine Dragons Playing in Water” (《九龙戏水》) (2008)
- A dynamic masterpiece showcasing lifelike dragons amid waves and clouds.
Qing Dynasty-style Official’s Armchair (清代风格太师椅)
- Hollow double-sided carving of “Hundred Birds Worshipping the Phoenix.”
Wooden Luding Bridge (木制泸定桥) (2022)
- A scaled-down replica (8.2 m long, 2.2 m high/wide) made with traditional mortise-and-tenon joints, taking three years to complete.
Honors and Achievements
Awards
- 2009: Two Dragons Competing for a Pearl (《二龙抢宝》) won the “Outstanding Cultural Work Award” at the Yunnan Provincial Workers’ Talent Expo.
- 2013: Root carving Nine Dragons in the Clouds (《九龙云空》) was exhibited at the Yunnan Migrant Workers’ Cultural Festival.
Cultural Significance
- Pu Mingcai is one of Hongta District’s most comprehensive wood carving artisans.
- His works blend practicality, artistry, and cultural heritage, preserving historical techniques.
Inheritance and Challenges
- His hollow double-sided and deep relief carvings resist mechanized reproduction.
- Currently seeks dedicated apprentices to ensure the survival of these skills.
Distinctive Features of Pu Mingcai’s Works
Unique Carving Techniques
- Hollow double-sided carving: Requires precision to create interconnected patterns on both sides.
- Deep relief carving: Achieves striking three-dimensionality.
Artistic Conception
- Integrates traditional motifs (e.g., dragons, phoenixes, seasonal flowers) with harmonious layouts.
Exquisite Craftsmanship
- Meticulous material selection (hardwoods like boxwood) and refined detailing.
Functional and Decorative
- Furniture pieces (beds, cabinets) combine utility with aesthetic appeal.
Iconic Works
- Highlights include the Lingzhao Temple coffin, Nine Dragons Playing in Water screen, and wooden Luding Bridge.
Pu Mingcai’s wood carvings embody the essence of Yuxi’s traditional artistry, blending technical mastery with cultural storytelling. His legacy is vital to preserving Hongta District’s intangible heritage.
For Chinese version please go to:
http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13111-2699.html
Li Kaifu – Inheritor of Wooden Mask-carving Skill in Shuangbai County, Chuxiong
楚雄州双柏县法脿乡木雕面具制作技艺传承人 – 李开富
http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13111-2698.html
Guo Qingyun – Inheritor of Yueqin-making Craft in Nanhua County, Chuxiong
楚雄南华县龙川镇月琴制作技艺传承人 – 郭庆云
http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13111-2697.html
E Jiashou – Shadow Play Artist in Lufeng County, Chuxiong
禄丰县川街乡皮影艺人 – 额家寿
http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13111-2696.html
Du Zhifang – Inheritor of Religious Rites – exercising Etiquette in Fumin County， Chuxiong
楚雄市富民县宗教祭祀技艺传承人 – 杜芝芳
http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13111-2695.html
Deng Shiyun – Folk Artist in Qilin District, Qujing
曲靖市珠街乡民间美术艺人 – 邓石云
http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13111-2694.html
Introduction to Ma Jiashou
Ma Jiashou (马加寿), born in 1947, is a well-known folk artist from Kunming City (昆明市), Yunnan, specializing in clay sculpture. From a young age, he developed a deep passion for the arts, particularly sculpture. Despite not receiving formal art education, Ma’s dedication and creativity allowed him to excel in his craft, and he is now renowned for his unique approach to sculpting, particularly with cement and clay.
Early Life and Artistic Beginnings
Growing up in Kunming, Ma Jiashou was fascinated by art and sculpture, often using simple tools and clay to create various figures. His early enthusiasm for art led him to pursue sculpting as a hobby. Later, as a young man, he was sent to Xishuangbanna (西双版纳) to participate in the region’s frontier settlement and work on a farm. Despite his shift to agricultural labor, Ma never abandoned his passion for sculpture and continued to explore and refine his skills during his free time.
Breakthrough in Cement Sculpting
Though Ma Jiashou had no formal training in an art institution, his relentless pursuit of sculptural knowledge led to a breakthrough in cement sculpture. He began experimenting with cement and reinforced concrete to create various artistic forms, pushing the boundaries of traditional sculpture materials. One of his notable works, “Yingba Ya” (英叭雅), is inspired by the Buddhist legends of the Dai ethnic group (傣族), showcasing his ability to blend folk traditions with innovative materials.
Realism and Exaggeration in His Clay Sculptures
Ma Jiashou’s clay sculptures are known for their realistic portrayal of subjects, combined with exaggerated elements that make his works stand out. His sculptures often feature bright colors and depict scenes from Buddhist stories, a common theme in his creations. These vibrant sculptures can be found in several locations, including the “Yuantong Temple” (圆通寺) in Kunming, as well as in Xishuangbanna (西双版纳) and Chengjiang (澄江). His ability to bring stories to life through clay and color has made his work highly regarded in the region.
Legacy and Artistic Philosophy
Ma Jiashou views art as an endless journey, constantly seeking new ways to express his creativity. He has dedicated his life to the pursuit of sculpture, believing that artistic practice is a never-ending process. His work continues to inspire many, and his sculptures are an important part of Yunnan’s folk art scene. Ma Jiashou remains steadfast in his commitment to his craft, saying, “Art is my eternal pursuit, and artistic practice has no limits. I will always remain dedicated to the pursuit of sculpture.”
Luo Aijun – Master of Wamao-making Craft in Heqing County, Dali
Wamao (tile cat): whimsical tile cat put on the roof of Naxi houses to protect and draw in good fortune to the entire household.
昆明市呈贡县瓦猫制作艺人 – 罗爱军
http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13111-2692.html
Introduction to Zhao Wenling
Zhao Wenling (赵文令), born in 1942, is a renowned folk artist from Laku Ka Village (腊乌卡村), Zhuanglong Town (转龙镇), Luquan County (禄劝县), Kunming City (昆明市), specializing in Zhizha (纸扎), the traditional Chinese art of making paper models. Zhao began learning this craft at the age of 14 under the guidance of his grandfather and uncle. Over the years, he has become a prominent figure in the local community for his expertise in this art form.
Early Life and Introduction to Zhizha Art
Zhao Wenling was introduced to the art of paper crafting at a young age. His grandfather and uncle, both skilled in Zhizha, passed down their knowledge to him, and by the age of 14, Zhao was already proficient in the craft. Zhizha, which involves creating paper models for various ceremonial purposes, became a significant part of Zhao’s life and work.
Unique Features of Zhao’s Paper Models
Zhao Wenling is known for his large and impressive Zhizha paper models, which include items such as paper money, storage rooms, gold and silver mountains, golden boys and jade girls, horsemen, and ceremonial palanquins. These models are typically used in “white affairs,” a term in Chinese culture referring to funeral rites and ceremonies. Zhao’s creations are crafted from bamboo, paper, hemp ropes, and colored paints.
A hallmark of Zhao’s work is the impressive scale of his paper models. The largest paper money models he has created measure up to 17 meters in height and contain as many as 317 layers. In the local community, these large paper money models are often referred to as “money trees” (摇钱树). In addition to their functional use in religious and funeral rites, Zhao’s other paper models are known for their vivid, lifelike, and realistic designs.
Zhao Wenling’s Influence in the Community
Zhao’s large paper models have made a significant impact in the local community and beyond. His skill and craftsmanship have earned him considerable recognition, and he has become a well-known figure in the folk art scene. The demand for Zhao’s paper models has also helped him supplement his income over the years.
Even though the primary function of his creations is related to traditional customs, Zhao’s paper models are highly valued for their artistic craftsmanship. The intricate details and scale of his work demonstrate the fine quality of his artistry. Some of his works, such as the paper cows (纸牛), are considered masterpieces of the Zhizha craft.
Continuing the Tradition
Today, Zhao Wenling continues to pass down his skills to his son, ensuring the preservation of this important cultural heritage. Zhao’s dedication to Zhizha paper art not only contributes to the preservation of this folk tradition but also serves as a testament to his unwavering commitment to his craft.
Early Life and Artistic Development
Zhuang Rong (庄荣) was born into a teacher’s family, which cultivated his early interest in art. Growing up surrounded by education and culture, Zhuang developed a passion for visual arts, especially painting. His exposure to artistic traditions and the influence of his family environment allowed him to nurture his creative spirit from a young age. While learning from the experiences of past masters, Zhuang began to explore various techniques, gradually developing a distinctive style of sculpture that merges traditional ethnic art with contemporary aesthetics.
Bamboo Carving Craftsmanship
Materials and Techniques
Zhuang’s primary medium is bamboo, a material that he selects with great care. The process begins by sourcing high-quality bamboo, which is then air-dried for several years to allow it to naturally shape and harden. After drying, the bamboo is treated with specialized techniques to enhance its texture and suitability for carving. This meticulous preparation ensures that the bamboo remains durable and flexible for intricate work.
Zhuang’s bamboo carvings focus on themes rooted in Chinese folklore, nature, and mythology. The works include practical items such as birdcages and scholar’s tools, as well as decorative pieces based on traditional Chinese motifs. By observing the natural world and stories passed down through generations, Zhuang brings life to these themes with precision and artistry.
Artistic Themes and Designs
The themes in Zhuang’s bamboo carving are drawn from ancient Chinese traditions. His subjects include mythological figures like dragons and phoenixes, symbols of power and good fortune in Chinese culture. He also carves scenes from folklore, featuring flowers, birds, fish, and insects, each symbolizing different aspects of life, nature, and spirituality. Additionally, his carvings include stories from well-known Chinese classics such as the Three Kingdoms (三国) and Water Margin (水浒), depicting famous characters and scenes from these literary works.
Zhuang’s designs are not only detailed but also carry symbolic meaning. The carvings often incorporate various animals, plants, and mythological creatures that represent prosperity, happiness, and longevity. His works are meticulously crafted to ensure a balance between open spaces and dense patterns, demonstrating his expertise in shaping the bamboo to convey meaning while preserving its natural form.
Notable Works
Some of Zhuang’s most celebrated carvings include:
- Spring Light Longevity Belt (春光寿带) – A piece symbolizing vitality and the continuation of life.
- Two Dragons Playing with a Pearl (二龙戏珠) – A traditional motif of harmony and power, representing the pursuit of greatness.
- Bright Future (前程似锦) – A carving that invokes the promise of a prosperous future.
- The Auspicious Phoenix and Unicorn (麟凤献瑞) – A work featuring mythical creatures symbolizing good fortune and success.
- Fortune and Longevity as Desired (福寿如意) – A piece celebrating long life and well-being.
- Adding Flowers to the Brocade (锦上添花) – A delicate work highlighting the joy and beauty of life.
Achievements and Recognition
Key Awards and Honors
Zhuang Rong’s bamboo carvings have earned numerous prestigious accolades, cementing his reputation as a master of the craft. His contributions to the art form have been recognized both locally and nationally:
- First Prize at the Third Kunming City Folk Arts and Crafts Exhibition (2001): Zhuang’s work was awarded first place at this important exhibition, organized by the Kunming Cultural Bureau and the Kunming Federation of Literary and Art Circles. This recognition brought him widespread attention in the arts community.
- Named “Yunnan Provincial Master of Ethnic Folk Art” (2002): In recognition of his skill and contributions to ethnic folk arts, Zhuang was honored by the Yunnan Provincial Department of Culture and the Yunnan Provincial Ethnic Affairs Committee with this title.
- Five Hua District Ethnic and Folk Cultural Heritage Protection Award (2003): Zhuang received an award for his work in preserving and promoting ethnic and folk cultural heritage, further solidifying his role as a key figure in the local arts scene.
- International Recognition at the China-Korea Folk Art Conference (2004): Zhuang’s bamboo carving series was featured at an international academic exchange between China and South Korea, held to promote the cultural exchange of folk art. This exhibition broadened his influence beyond China and attracted global attention to his work.
Media Coverage
Zhuang’s achievements have been featured in multiple media outlets, including local and provincial newspapers, which have praised his contributions to Yunnan’s cultural heritage. His work continues to inspire many aspiring bamboo artists, and he remains an influential figure in the region’s folk art community.
Influence and Legacy
Zhuang Rong’s influence in the field of bamboo carving in Yunnan is immense. As one of the few artists who have mastered this art form, he stands out among the region’s bamboo carvers for his technical skill, intricate designs, and innovative approach. His works are not only a testament to the rich traditions of Yunnan but also an example of how traditional craftsmanship can evolve and remain relevant in modern society.
Zhuang continues to create new pieces, with a focus on enriching the cultural landscape of Yunnan. He has expressed a desire to contribute even more through his art, aiming to leave behind a lasting legacy that will benefit future generations. Zhuang’s bamboo carvings are more than just works of art—they are symbols of cultural pride, craftsmanship, and dedication.
The Future of Bamboo Carving in Yunnan
As Zhuang Rong’s legacy continues to grow, he remains committed to passing on his knowledge and skills to the next generation of bamboo carvers. His role as a mentor and teacher is crucial in ensuring the survival and prosperity of this ancient craft. With fewer artisans capable of producing bamboo carvings of such high quality, Zhuang’s work stands as a benchmark for aspiring artists, inspiring them to continue exploring and refining the craft of bamboo sculpture.
In the future, Zhuang hopes to create more exceptional works that will not only showcase his talent but also contribute to the cultural heritage of Yunnan and beyond.
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Duan Zhenran – Inheritor of Inkstone-carving Craft in Eryuan County, Dali
Duan Zhenran – Inheritor of Inkstone-carving Craft in Eryuan County, Dali 大理州洱源县凤羽乡砚台雕刻技艺传承人 – 段臻然 http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13111-2701.html...
Li Renhan – Inheritor of Caizha Paper Art in Heqing County, Dali
Li Renhan – Inheritor of Caizha Paper Art in Heqing County, Dali 大理州鹤庆县云鹤镇彩扎传承人 – 李忍汉 http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13111-2700.html...
Pu Mingcai – Wood Carving Craftsman in Beicheng Town, Yuxi
Pu Mingcai, born in 1950 in Huaning County (华宁县), Yuxi City, is a representative inheritor of traditional wood carving techniques in Hongta District. Below is a detailed introduction to...
Li Kaifu – Inheritor of Wooden Mask-carving Skill in Shuangbai County, Chuxiong
Li Kaifu – Inheritor of Wooden Mask-carving Skill in Shuangbai County, Chuxiong 楚雄州双柏县法脿乡木雕面具制作技艺传承人 – 李开富 http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13111-2698.html...
Guo Qingyun – Inheritor of Yueqin-making Craft in Nanhua County, Chuxiong
Guo Qingyun – Inheritor of Yueqin-making Craft in Nanhua County, Chuxiong 楚雄南华县龙川镇月琴制作技艺传承人 – 郭庆云 http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13111-2697.html...
E Jiashou – Shadow Play Artist in Lufeng County, Chuxiong
E Jiashou – Shadow Play Artist in Lufeng County, Chuxiong 禄丰县川街乡皮影艺人 – 额家寿 http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13111-2696.html...
Du Zhifang – Inheritor of Religious Rites – exercising Etiquette in Fumin County， Chuxiong
Du Zhifang – Inheritor of Religious Rites – exercising Etiquette in Fumin County， Chuxiong 楚雄市富民县宗教祭祀技艺传承人 – 杜芝芳 http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13111-2695.html...
Deng Shiyun – Folk Artist in Qilin District, Qujing
Deng Shiyun – Folk Artist in Qilin District, Qujing 曲靖市珠街乡民间美术艺人 – 邓石云 http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13111-2694.html...
Ma Jiashou – Artist of Folk Clay Sculpture in Kunming City
Introduction to Ma Jiashou Ma Jiashou (马加寿), born in 1947, is a well-known folk artist from Kunming City (昆明市), Yunnan, specializing in clay sculpture. From a young age, he...
Luo Aijun – Master of Wamao-making Craft in Heqing County, Dali
Luo Aijun – Master of Wamao-making Craft in Heqing County, Dali Wamao (tile cat): whimsical tile cat put on the roof of Naxi houses to protect and draw in good...
Zhao Wenling – Inheritor of Folk Zhizha Paper Art in Luquan County, Kunming
Introduction to Zhao Wenling Zhao Wenling (赵文令), born in 1942, is a renowned folk artist from Laku Ka Village (腊乌卡村), Zhuanglong Town (转龙镇), Luquan County (禄劝县), Kunming City (昆明市),...
Zhuang Rong – Master Sculptor in Kunming City, Yunnan
Early Life and Artistic Development Zhuang Rong (庄荣) was born into a teacher’s family, which cultivated his early interest in art. Growing up surrounded by education and culture, Zhuang...
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