Tao Yuanming – Inheritor of Zhuang Broze-drum Dance in Luxi County, Honghe

Heritage Activities

• Inheritance and Promotion: Táo Yuánmíng actively engages in the inheritance and promotion of Zhuàngzú Tónggǔwǔ. He has been devoted to passing on this traditional dance form to younger generations and has trained many inheritors, making significant contributions to the continuation of this intangible cultural heritage.
• Performance: As a key dancer of Zhuàngzú Tónggǔwǔ, Táo Yuánmíng has been invited to perform in various places, showcasing the unique charm of Zhuàngzú dance to a wider audience.
• Cultural Exchange: Táo Yuánmíng actively participates in cultural exchange activities, collaborating with other cultural workers and folk artists to enhance the influence and recognition of Zhuàngzú Tónggǔwǔ, fostering mutual learning and inspiration between different cultures.

Artistic Achievements

• Dance Skills: Táo Yuánmíng demonstrates exceptional dance skills and a deep understanding of Zhuàngzú music. His performances are highly appreciated by audiences for their authenticity and emotional depth.
• Instrument Mastery: He is skilled in playing traditional Zhuàngzú instruments such as the copper drum and wooden drum, adding richness and variety to the dance performances.
• Awards and Recognition: Táo Yuánmíng’s outstanding contributions to the preservation and promotion of Zhuàngzú culture have earned him recognition as a provincial-level representative inheritor of intangible cultural heritage, highlighting his significant role in this field.

Heritage Methods

• Family Influence: Born into a Zhuàngzú family, Táo Yuánmíng was exposed to the rich musical traditions of his ethnicity from a young age. This early influence and his passion for Zhuàngzú music laid a solid foundation for his later achievements as an inheritor.
• ** Apprenticeship and Training**: Táo Yuánmíng learned from renowned local artists and elders, mastering the techniques and skills of Zhuàngzú Tónggǔwǔ. He continues to pass on these traditions by training young apprentices, ensuring the preservation and continuation of this cultural heritage.
• Community Engagement: Táo Yuánmíng actively participates in community cultural activities, organizing and leading performances and training sessions to promote Zhuàngzú Tónggǔwǔ within his community. His efforts have helped keep this traditional art form alive and thriving among the local population.

http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13111-2943.html

Yang Luchong – Inheritor of Yi Drum Dance in Lvchun County, Honghe

Heritage Activities

• Inheritance and Promotion: Yáng Lǔchōng actively engages in the inheritance and promotion of Yízú Gǔwǔ. She has devoted herself to passing on this traditional dance form to younger generations and has trained many inheritors, making significant contributions to the continuation of this intangible cultural heritage.
• Performance: As a key dancer of Yízú Gǔwǔ, Yáng Lǔchōng has participated in various performances at the provincial, prefectural, and county levels, showcasing the unique charm of Yízú dance to a wider audience.
• Cultural Exchange: Yáng Lǔchōng actively participates in cultural exchange activities, collaborating with other cultural workers and folk artists to enhance the influence and recognition of Yízú Gǔwǔ, fostering mutual learning and inspiration between different cultures.

Artistic Achievements

• Dance Skills: Yáng Lǔchōng demonstrates exceptional dance skills and a deep understanding of Yízú music. Her performances are highly appreciated by audiences for their authenticity and emotional depth.
• Representative Dance: Her most representative dance is the Yízú Fēngshōu Gǔwǔ (彝族丰收鼓舞), which features 36 sets of movements, each with a unique drum rhythm. The dance reflects agricultural activities and celebrates the joy of harvest, showcasing the love of village life and prayers for abundance.
• Awards and Recognition: Yáng Lǔchōng has been recognized as a provincial-level representative inheritor of intangible cultural heritage, highlighting her significant role in this field.

Heritage Methods

• Family Influence: Born into a Yízú family, Yáng Lǔchōng was exposed to the rich musical traditions of her ethnicity from a young age. She began learning Yízú Gǔwǔ at the age of 17 under the guidance of local artist Bái Jīnbǎi.
• Apprenticeship and Training: Yáng Lǔchōng has trained several apprentices, including Pǔ Yuècǎi, who has mastered three complete sets of dance techniques. Her efforts ensure the preservation and continuation of this cultural heritage.
• Community Engagement: Yáng Lǔchōng actively participates in community cultural activities, organizing and leading performances and training sessions to promote Yízú Gǔwǔ within her community. Her work has helped keep this traditional art form alive and thriving among the local population

http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13111-2945.html

Shi Zhongming – Inheritor of Yi (Axi) Folk Dance in Mile County, Honghe

Heritage Activities

• Inheritance and Promotion: Shí Zhōngmíng actively engages in the inheritance and promotion of Yízú Āxì folk dance. He has devoted himself to passing on this traditional dance form to younger generations and has trained many inheritors, making significant contributions to the continuation of this intangible cultural heritage.
• Performance: As a key dancer of Yízú Āxì folk dance, Shí Zhōngmíng has participated in various performances at the provincial, prefectural, and county levels, showcasing the unique charm of Yízú dance to a wider audience.
• Cultural Exchange: Shí Zhōngmíng actively participates in cultural exchange activities, collaborating with other cultural workers and folk artists to enhance the influence and recognition of Yízú Āxì folk dance, fostering mutual learning and inspiration between different cultures.

Artistic Achievements

• Dance Skills: Shí Zhōngmíng demonstrates exceptional dance skills and a deep understanding of Yízú music. His performances are highly appreciated by audiences for their authenticity and emotional depth.
• Representative Dance: His most representative dance is the Yízú Āxì Tiàoyuè (彝族阿细跳月), a traditional dance that combines song, dance, and music, often performed during festivals and celebrations. This dance is known for its lively and energetic movements, reflecting the joy and vitality of the Yízú people.
• Awards and Recognition: Shí Zhōngmíng has been recognized as a provincial-level representative inheritor of intangible cultural heritage, highlighting his significant role in this field.

Heritage Methods

• Family Influence: Born into a Yízú family, Shí Zhōngmíng was exposed to the rich musical traditions of his ethnicity from a young age. This early influence and his passion for Yízú music laid a solid foundation for his later achievements as an inheritor.
• Apprenticeship and Training: Shí Zhōngmíng learned from renowned local artists and elders, mastering the techniques and skills of Yízú Āxì folk dance. He continues to pass on these traditions by training young apprentices, ensuring the preservation and continuation of this cultural heritage.
• Community Engagement: Shí Zhōngmíng actively participates in community cultural activities, organizing and leading performances and training sessions to promote Yízú Āxì folk dance within his community. His efforts have helped keep this traditional art form alive and thriving among the local population.

http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13111-2948.html

Inheritance Background and Skills

Family Tradition: Yang Yingjun (born in 1953) followed his father to learn the Yi ethnic group’s Hulusheng dance and Hulusheng and Xianzi performance, becoming the lead dancer of the Hulusheng dance in Manlong Village.

Dance Style:
The dance is characterized by “one knee bend per beat,” which moves the waist, chest, and jaw to form an “S-shaped” rhythm. The movements are slow and drooping, simulating labor scenes like cotton picking and spinning, preserving the original dance style.
The dance consists of seven routines, including “Ya Nüe” (standing dance) and “Ya Qing” (starting dance), each corresponding to a specific Hulusheng melody.

Important Activities and Honors

Participation in Festivals: Yang Yingjun has participated in the first Wenshan Art Festival, Xichou Ethnic Festival, and Black-bone Chicken Festival, where his Hulusheng dance was praised by dancer Dai Ailian as the “Disco of the East.”

As a Provincial-Level Inheritor (Second Batch), he has long organized performances during festivals (such as from the first to the third day of the lunar new year, and the Qiaocai Festival), promoting cultural dissemination.

Inheritance Status

Together with the national-level inheritor Yang Yingjin (same name, different person, born in 1953, skilled in the same type of dance), Yang Yingjun is active on the Wenshan Intangible Cultural Heritage stage. However, Yang Yingjun focuses more on provincial-level inheritance and performances.

Facing the impact of external cultures, the inheritance of Hulusheng dance needs further protection.

Mastery of Yi Musical Instruments

Yang Yingjun (and his namesake Yang Yingjin) is not only skilled in performing Yi Hulusheng dance but also excels in various traditional instruments. In addition to Hulusheng, he can skillfully play the following instruments:

• Xianzi: A common Yi folk instrument used to accompany dances.
• Erhu: A traditional Chinese string instrument with rich expressiveness.
• Dizi: A bamboo wind instrument with a crisp and bright sound.
• Xiao: An ancient wind instrument with a mellow and charming tone.
• Suona: A double-reed instrument with a loud and bright sound.

These instruments play an essential role in Yi traditional music and dance. Yang Yingjun has enriched the musical expression of Hulusheng dance by mastering various instruments, making significant contributions to the inheritance and promotion of Yi musical culture.

Contributions to Yi Music Inheritance

1. Inheritance and Teaching
   Yang Yingjun learned to play Yi Hulusheng and dance from a young age. He is skilled in playing multiple instruments, including Hulusheng, Xianzi, Erhu, Dizi, Xiao, and Suona. He actively teaches young people in his village. During the slack farming season, he organizes teaching activities and has trained many young inheritors, including Yang Yonglong, Yang Yongfa, and Li Jinfo. His son, Yang Xiaolong, has also become his successor.
2. Cultural Display and Promotion
   Yang Yingjun has led villagers to participate in large-scale cultural performances organized by the state, county, and province. Especially during important festivals such as the first to third day of the lunar new year, the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, and the “Qiaocai Festival” of the Huoluo people, he organizes performances of Hulusheng and Xianzi dances. Through these activities, he not only showcased the unique charm of Yi Hulusheng dance but also raised awareness of this intangible cultural heritage.
3. Honors and Recognition
   In 2002, the Yunnan Provincial Department of Culture and the Yunnan Ethnic Affairs Committee named Yang Yingjun a “Folk Music Artist.” This honor not only recognizes his personal skills but also affirms his contributions to the inheritance of Yi music.
4. Protection and Innovation
   While inheriting Yi music, Yang Yingjun also emphasizes innovation. By combining the performance of various instruments, he has enriched the musical expression of Hulusheng dance. He also actively participates in intangible cultural heritage protection activities organized by cultural departments, providing new ideas and methods for the inheritance and development of Yi music.

Through these contributions, Yang Yingjun has not only ensured the inheritance of Yi Hulusheng dance within his local community but also brought it to a broader stage, allowing more people to understand and appreciate this unique Yi culture. ​

For Chinese version please go to:
http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13111-2951.html

Yan Cong – Inheritor of Wa Folk Dance in Ximeng County, Puer 

普洱市西盟县佤族民间舞蹈传承人 – 岩聪

http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13111-2953.html

Na Huan – Inheritor of Wa Folk Song and Dance in Ximeng County, Puer 

普洱市西盟县佤族民间歌舞传承人 – 娜唤

http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13111-2954.html

Chen Yufa (陈玉发) is a folk inheritor of Hani ethnic song and dance from Pugui Village (铺贵村), Yinyuan Town (因远镇), Yuanyang County (元江县), Yuxi City (玉溪市). He was born in 1952 and has loved Hani folk song and dance since childhood. At the age of 15, he became a disciple of the elder Chen Jiaobo (陈较波), systematically learning the Hani sacrificial dance. As a bearer of Hani culture, Chen Yufa not only mastered the traditional techniques of Hani song and dance, but also actively participated in efforts to preserve and promote them.

Characteristics of the Hani Palm Fan Dance

Origins and Cultural Significance

Ritual Origins:
The palm fan dance (棕扇舞) originated as part of the Hani funeral ritual called “Mo Cuocuo” (莫搓搓), intended to guide the soul of the deceased with the auspicious image of the silver pheasant bird.

Totem Worship:
It stems from ancient Hani totemic worship, with many dance movements imitating animal behaviors, such as “goat grazing,” “eagle catching chick,” and more.

Cultural Transmission:
The dance embodies Hani perspectives on history, ethics, values, and ways of thinking, preserving the cultural DNA of the Hani people.

Dance Movements and Style

Animal Imitation:
The choreography heavily imitates animal movements, including “bear washing its face,” “monkey bowing,” “monkey holding a melon,” and “eagle catching chick,” all vividly portrayed.

Movement Characteristics:
The dance features a dynamic yet grounded style: “steady on top, lively below; heavy but not loose; elevated but not floating; a balance of hardness and softness.” It has a rustic, vigorous, and humorous quality, often involving leg trembles, rising and falling stances, and swinging of both small and large arms.

Performance Forms:
There are solo, duet, and group formats. During performances, participants freely form circles — men on the inside, women on the outside. Elders dance first, followed by the younger generation.

Props and Accompaniment

Props:
Dancers hold palm leaves shaped like fans. Some performances also use a pair of bamboo tubes filled with rice, corn, buckwheat, silver chains, and copper coins, as well as several pine branches.

Accompaniment Instruments:
Instruments include mang (铓), drums (鼓), cymbals (钹), suona (唢呐), and sanxian (三弦), among others.

Inheritance and Evolution

Transmission Methods:
Passed down through master-apprentice and family traditions, often led by respected elders to younger generations.

Evolution:
Originally a funeral and sacrificial rite, the dance has evolved into a cultural tourism experience, blending ethnic customs with song and dance performances.

The Hani palm fan dance is not just a form of art—it reflects the Hani people’s remembrance of their ancestors, reverence for nature, and longing for a beautiful life.

Chen Yufa’s Efforts in Promoting Hani Culture

1. Master-Apprentice Training and Teaching Activities

Having studied Hani ritual dance under Chen Jiaobo (陈较波), Chen Yufa has passed on these skills to the younger generation through the traditional master-apprentice model. He not only teaches Hani song and dance locally but also participates in cultural programs, training new inheritors in multiple batches.

2. Participation in Cultural Performances and Promotion

Chen Yufa actively takes part in cultural performance events, showcasing traditional dances like the Hani palm fan dance to reveal the unique charm of Hani culture. These performances are not limited to local stages—they have reached wider audiences, helping more people appreciate Hani traditions.

3. Bringing Hani Culture into Schools and Communities

He promotes Hani culture in schools and communities by organizing lectures and dance workshops, allowing more people to learn about Hani cultural traditions. These efforts have strengthened local identity and inspired more young people to participate in cultural preservation.

4. Innovation Through Integration with Modern Culture

Chen Yufa experiments with integrating Hani culture into modern formats. By innovating the performance styles and content—such as incorporating modern music into traditional songs and dances—he brings new life and relevance to Hani heritage.

5. Participation in International Cultural Exchanges

Chen Yufa also engages in international cultural exchanges, bringing Hani culture to the global stage. Through collaborations and dialogues with international friends, he not only promotes Hani traditions worldwide but also brings back advanced ideas on cultural preservation and transmission.

For Chinese version please go to:
http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13111-2919.html

Li Shengfang – Inheritor of Hani Manggu Drum Dance in Jianshui County, Honghe

Background and Inheritance

• Early Exposure: Lǐ Shēngfāng was born into a Hānízú family in Jiànshuǐ Xiàn. At the age of eight or nine, he began learning Chángǔwǔ by observing and imitating the performances of his elders.
• Mastery of Skills: He has comprehensively and systematically mastered the various techniques and routines of Chángǔwǔ. His performances are characterized by a combination of strength and grace, showcasing the deep cultural roots and historical traditions of the Hāní people.

Heritage Activities

• Promotion and Performance: Lǐ Shēngfāng has actively promoted Chángǔwǔ through performances at local and regional events, including cultural festivals and traditional ceremonies. His efforts have helped raise awareness of this traditional art form.
• Cultural Exchange: He has participated in cultural exchange activities, collaborating with other cultural workers to enhance the recognition and influence of Chángǔwǔ, fostering mutual learning and inspiration between different cultures.

Artistic Achievements

• Unique Style: Lǐ Shēngfāng has developed a unique style in his performances, characterized by a blend of ruggedness and elegance. His contributions to the preservation and promotion of Hāní culture have earned him recognition as a national-level representative inheritor of intangible cultural heritage.
• Awards and Recognition: His performances have been widely acclaimed, and he has been honored with various awards, including recognition at national cultural events.

Heritage Methods

• Training Apprentices: Lǐ Shēngfāng has trained numerous apprentices, passing on the skills and knowledge of Chángǔwǔ to younger generations. His efforts have ensured the continuation of this cultural heritage.
• Community Engagement: He actively participates in community cultural activities, organizing performances and training sessions to promote Chángǔwǔ within his community. His work has helped keep this traditional art form alive and thriving among the local population.

http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13111-2920.html

Qian Wenming – Artist of Dai Folk Music and Dance in Tengchong City, Baoshan 

宝山腾冲市荷花乡傣族民间音乐舞蹈艺人 – 钱文明

http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13111-2928.html

Profile: 

He Guowei (和国伟) was born in 1951, and he is Naxi ethnic minority, a member of Laoding village Daju Township, Lijiang City.(丽江大具乡劳丁村人).

Personal Experiences

He was a ninth-generation ancestor of Dongba and began to learn art at the age of twelve. Grandfather A Chong’an, father He Yuhe, uncles and grandfather are all famous old Dongba in the area. As a child, he loved the traditional culture and art of his own nation. Under the influence of the hereditary Dongba family and his diligent learning process, he mastered many singing tunes, dance performances and ritual performances of “sacrifice to heaven”, “sacrifice to god” and “sacrifice to wind” in Dongba Hall.

Achievements

• Yunnan intangible cultural heritage inheritor;
• Lijiang Dongba inheritance Association executive director;
• Lijiang Civil Artists Association executive director.

Chinese Version: http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13111-2931.html                                                                                              Translated by Lynette Fu/ 付云锐

Preserving and Promoting Dongba Culture

http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13111-2932.html

The Challenges of Preservation

Efforts to Revitalize Daba Culture

http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-13111-2893.html

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