Jinri Building (Jinrilou) in Kunming

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Jinri Building (近日楼), also known as Lizhengmen (丽正门), is a historical landmark in Kunming (昆明), the capital city of Yunnan Province (云南省), China. Originally built during the Ming Dynasty (明朝), the building has been a symbol of the city for centuries and remains an important part of Kunming’s history and cultural heritage.

Historical Background

Early History

The Jinri Building was first constructed during the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644), specifically in the 14th year of the Hongwu reign (洪武十四年) in 1381. At this time, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang (朱元璋) established a governor’s office in Yunnan Province, and Mu Ying (沐英) was appointed as the local military official. In 1382, Mu Ying oversaw the reconstruction of Kunming City (昆明), which involved the construction of city walls made from large blue bricks and six gates. The South Gate was called Chongzheng Gate (崇正门), and its tower was named Xiangming Tower (向明楼), symbolizing the bright future for the southern part of the city.

Renaming During the Qing Dynasty

During the Qing Dynasty (清朝), in the Kangxi period, the Governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, Fan Chengxun (范承勋), believed that the original name was too closely tied to the Ming Dynasty and felt it was inappropriate for the new Qing rule. He faced difficulty in choosing a new name, as the building was still seen as a grand symbol of the Ming era. It was suggested by the local people that the name be changed to Jinri Building (近日楼), meaning “Building Close to the Sun” in Chinese. This name reflected the building’s lofty position, as it was said to be the tallest structure in Kunming, symbolizing the city’s connection to the sun.

Demolition and Rebuilding

In the 1950s, the original Jinri Building was demolished to make way for the expansion of Dongfeng Road (东风路), a major thoroughfare through Kunming. In 2002, the Kunming Municipal Government decided to rebuild the building in a new location between the East and West Temple Towers (东西寺塔), recreating the old atmosphere of “Old Kunming” (老昆明). The pedestrian street (步行街) was officially opened on April 20, 2002.

Since then, the area has become a popular destination for both locals and tourists, with over 10,000 visitors daily, and even more during holidays such as the May Day (五一) holiday. The pedestrian street has become a cultural hub, with visitors from all over China, and even international tourists, coming to experience the charm of Old Kunming.

Architectural Features

Exterior Design

The Jinri Building is a grand and majestic structure. Originally standing on the south-north central axis of the old city, it was considered Kunming’s Southern Gate, one of the symbols of the city alongside Jinma Biji Archway (金马碧鸡坊) and the East and West Temple Towers (东西寺塔). The building’s height and position made it a prominent feature of the city’s skyline.

Bronze Sculptures

A key feature of the Jinri Building pedestrian area is a series of bronze sculptures that showcase life in Old Kunming. These sculptures, known as the “Old Kunming City Scenes” (百年老昆明市井青铜雕像), depict scenes such as the “Horse Caravan” (马帮), “Chess Players” (下棋), “Night Watchman” (更夫), “Bowl Mender” (补碗), and “Street Vendor” (贩妇). These works of art serve as a tribute to the bustling markets and lively streets of Kunming in the late Qing Dynasty (清朝末期) and Republic of China (民国时期).

Cultural Exhibitions

Inside the Jinri Building, visitors can explore exhibitions showcasing old photographs of Kunming, capturing the streets, marketplaces, and even the officials of the time. One of the hallways displays a collection of old Kunming postcards, giving a glimpse into the city’s history. Another section of the building features cartoons and paintings depicting the city’s old scenes, which visitors can appreciate while making notes in their travel journals.

Legend of the Locking Dragon Well

One of the most intriguing elements of the area surrounding the Jinri Building is the Locking Dragon Well (锁龙井), located between the East and West Temple Towers. Local legend says that the well holds a dragon, which was captured and trapped in the well, with the twin towers serving to subdue the dragon. The well, known for its deep and fragrant water, has become a popular spot for locals and tourists alike.

Modern Day Significance

Today, the Jinri Building has been relocated approximately 900 meters south from its original location. The pedestrian street that now stands on its former site is at the center of South Ping Walking Street (南屏步行街), which is one of Kunming’s most vibrant and historic areas. The relocation and reconstruction of Jinri Building have preserved the traditional architecture of the old city while offering a modern shopping and cultural experience.

The pedestrian street has attracted both locals and foreigners, including many overseas Chinese, tourists from across China, and international visitors. It is a popular spot for sightseeing, shopping, and enjoying the vibrant local culture.

Practical Information

Location

The Jinri Building is located between the East and West Temple Towers (东西寺塔) in the center of Kunming, near South Ping Walking Street (南屏步行街). The area is easily accessible by public transportation.

Transportation

To reach Jinri Building, visitors can take bus routes 4, 52, or 5, which all stop at the final destination near the building’s entrance.

Visiting Tips

• Opening Hours: The pedestrian street and Jinri Building are open daily, with the busiest times being weekends and holidays.

• Best Time to Visit: For a more peaceful experience, visit during weekdays or early mornings.

• Cultural Etiquette: Be respectful of the local customs and avoid loud behavior as you explore the cultural and historical exhibitions.

The Jinri Building is a true gem in Kunming, blending ancient history with modern culture. From its grand architecture to its fascinating legends and vibrant cultural exhibitions, the Jinri Building offers a unique and enriching experience for anyone visiting Kunming. Whether you’re a history buff, a photography enthusiast, or simply looking to explore the heart of Old Kunming, this landmark is a must-see.