Overview

The Chen Clan Ancestral Hall石屏县陈鹤亭故居/石屏县陈氏宗祠 is located in Zhengying Village (郑营村), Baoxiu Town (宝秀镇), Shiping County (石屏县), Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省). Established in the fourteenth year of the Republic of China (民国十四年, 1925), it covers an area of 2,577 square meters. The ancestral hall faces south and consists of a gate, stone bridge, middle hall, main hall, paifang (牌坊), and side halls, forming a two-courtyard structure. The entire hall features intricately carved beams and screens, painted and gilded decorations, grand scale, rigorous structure, exquisite craftsmanship, and a magnificent classical Chinese architectural style.

On May 25, 2006, the Chen Clan Ancestral Hall was announced by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China as a key cultural relic protection unit in the sixth batch.

• Chinese Name: 陈氏宗祠
• Location: Zhengying Village (郑营村), Baoxiu Town (宝秀镇), Shiping County (石屏县), Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省)
• Historical Era: Republic of China (民国)
• Area: 2,577 m²
• Protection Level: Key cultural relic protection unit, sixth batch (第六批全国重点文物保护单位)
• Approved By: State Council of the People’s Republic of China (中华人民共和国国务院)
• Code: 6-1059-5-186

Historical Development

The Chen Clan Ancestral Hall was built in the fourteenth year of the Republic of China (1925) with funding from Mr. Chen Jun (陈钧, also known as Chen Heting, 陈鹤亭). After October 1949, for a long period, the hall was poorly managed as it was only inhabited by a mute person. During the Cultural Revolution, the hall suffered significant damage due to the “Four Olds” campaign, including arson that destroyed many precious artifacts.

The hall has undergone various restoration efforts since then to preserve its architectural and cultural significance.

Architectural Features

The Chen Clan Ancestral Hall is a south-facing structure made of earth and wood, featuring a three-courtyard layout with blue tiles. The gate is tall and majestic, built in the style of a paifang with brick and stone, comprising three openings with arches made of bricks and stones. In front of the main entrance, a small bridge leads across a pond, adorned with intricately carved animal figures such as elephants and lions. This design beautifully combines classical Chinese colonnade architecture with local stilt houses, showcasing the wisdom and exquisite craftsmanship of the builders. The decorations reflect the themes of Confucianism and the local cultural heritage.

Main Structures

• Gate (祠门): The gate faces the street, standing 6 meters high, designed as a paifang structure. It features a pair of stone lions flanking the entrance. Four square stone plaques bear the inscription “Chen Clan Ancestral Hall” (陈氏宗祠), written by Zhu Jiabao (朱家宝), a Jinshi (进士) from Guangxu. The couplet inscribed by Chen Heting reads: “阀阅焕牂牁，争夸妫水长流，弓冶箕裘绵百世； 祠堂邻宝秀，更喜瑞湖在望，波光山色满一门。” This couplet reflects the family’s past glory and their hopes for the future.
• Lotus Pond (莲池): Upon entering, there is a lotus pond, oval in shape and approximately 2 meters deep. It serves both aesthetic and functional purposes, enhancing the courtyard’s beauty while providing fire protection.
• Stone Bridge (石桥): A three-arch stone bridge spans the pond, dividing it into two sections, adorned with stone drums and protective railings made of dark blue stone.
• Middle Hall (中殿): Built on a stone platform, the middle hall features 30 large columns supporting a single eave gable roof. It harmonizes colonnade architecture with stilt house characteristics, exhibiting elegance and a sense of spirituality.
• Main Hall (正殿): The main hall stands on a 1.2-meter high stone platform, showcasing a wooden structure with a double-eave gable roof. It consists of three main sections, a corridor, and two levels. The intricate carvings include motifs of longevity and bamboo, reflecting traditional Chinese decorative styles.

Additional Structures

• Paifang (牌楼): Located on either side of the pond, these are wooden structures with a heavy eave design, adding to the hall’s grandeur.
• Decorative Elements: The hall is adorned with various carvings and decorative elements, such as:
  • Bats (蝙蝠): Symbolizing good fortune, prominently featured in the designs.
  • Dragons and Phoenixes: Representing power and prosperity, often seen in traditional Chinese architecture.

Cultural Heritage Protection

In November 1993, the Chen Clan Ancestral Hall was recognized as a provincial-level cultural relic protection unit by the Yunnan Provincial People’s Government. It was later designated as a national key cultural relic protection unit by the State Council on May 25, 2006.

Travel Information

• Location: Chen Clan Ancestral Hall is located about 40 meters southeast of Zhengying Primary School in Zhengying section of Shiping County.

How to Get There

To drive to the Chen Clan Ancestral Hall, start from the Shiping County government, which is approximately 12.9 kilometers away, taking about 25 minutes. Local transport options may also be available, including buses or taxis.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) offer pleasant weather.
• Respect Local Customs: Be respectful during your visit, especially if there are ongoing ceremonies.
• Photography: Capture the beauty of the architecture and surroundings, but seek permission before photographing individuals.
• Local Cuisine: Try local delicacies in nearby towns to enrich your travel experience.
• Stay Hydrated: Bring water, especially during warm months, to stay refreshed.
• Guided Tours: Consider joining a guided tour for deeper insights into the history and culture of the Chen family and the ancestral hall.

Overview

The Ancestral Hall of the Zheng Family (郑氏宗祠) is located in the southeastern part of Zhengying Village (郑营村), Baoxiu Town (宝秀镇), Shiping County (石屏县), Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省). It was built in the 13th year of the Guangxu era (光绪) during the Qing Dynasty (清朝) in 1887.

• Chinese Name: 郑氏宗祠
• Location: Shiping County, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province
• Construction Year: 1887
• Area: 1452.61 m²
• Protection Level: Seventh batch of National Key Cultural Relics Protection Units

Architectural Features

The Zheng Family Ancestral Hall has a main axis oriented north-south, covering a total area of 1452.61 square meters with a total construction area of 1481 square meters. The structure is built with wood and stone, featuring single-eaved hard mountain roofs, a combination of beam-column and purlin structures. The layout includes three courtyards consisting of the front hall, middle hall, main hall, ear rooms, and side rooms, containing a total of 40 rooms, all designed with hard mountain roofs and wooden beam structures.

The meticulous selection of the site, orientation, planning, and architectural design reflects the grandeur of Ming and Qing architectural techniques and artistry. The hall’s structure is rigorous, holding significant value for the study of the development of historical culture.

Historical Timeline

• 1887: The Zheng Family rebuilt their ancestral hall.
• 1888: The hall was completed and has a history of over 100 years.
• 2013: A detailed survey of the 13 individual structures of the Zheng Family Ancestral Hall was conducted.
• 2014: The repair project of the Zheng Family Ancestral Hall was submitted for budget review by the National Cultural Heritage Administration.

Main Structures

Main Gate

The main gate of the Zheng Family Ancestral Hall is built on a platform that rises 77 centimeters, exemplifying typical Qing Dynasty palace architecture. The gate consists of two solid and sturdy doors made of cedar wood, with a pair of stone door pillows positioned in front.

Middle Hall

The middle hall is 12 meters wide, 10.6 meters deep, and 7 meters high. It features a semi-circular stairway with four steps in front. The ridge of the hall is inscribed with the characters “大清光绪十三年郑氏合族人等重建” (Rebuilt by the Zheng Clan in the 13th year of Guangxu, Qing Dynasty), showcasing elegant calligraphy. The interior contains three six-paneled cedar wood screen doors, ornately carved with patterns of rolling grass, plum blossoms, ancient objects, and lotus herons, reflecting the refined taste and decorative value of the Qing Dynasty.

Main Hall

The main hall is preceded by a platform-style courtyard, featuring ten carved floral brackets on the eaves. The decorative carvings include images of dragons, pomegranates, and toads, depicting intricate designs that showcase the artistic craftsmanship of ancient artisans.

Cultural Significance

The main gate features nine circular patterns carved on the eaves, including themes such as:

• White Elephant Rolling Lotus Leaf (白象卷荷叶): Symbolizes strength and harmony.
• Carp Leaping over the Dragon Gate (鲤鱼跃龙门): Represents success in examinations and honor for the family.
• Rhinoceros Gazing at the Moon (犀牛望月): Symbolizes aspiration and pursuit of dreams.
• Monkey Picking Peaches (猴子摘桃): Reflects strong family ties and communal living.
• Kirin Bringing Good Fortune (麒麟呈祥): A mythical creature symbolizing power and divine assistance.

These motifs emphasize the careful craftsmanship of ancient artisans, showcasing their dedication to detail and artistic excellence.

Cultural Heritage Protection

On March 5, 2013, the Zheng Family Ancestral Hall was announced by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China as part of the seventh batch of National Key Cultural Relics Protection Units.

Travel Information

Geographic Location

The Zheng Family Ancestral Hall is situated in the western section of Zhengying Village, Baoxiu Town, Shiping County, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, close to the Chen Family Ancestral Hall (陈氏宗祠).

How to Get There

The Zheng Family Ancestral Hall is approximately 12 kilometers from the Shiping County People’s Government, which can be reached by car in about 25 minutes.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Consider visiting during the spring (March-April) or autumn (September-November) when the weather is mild and rainfall is less frequent.
• Cultural Respect: When visiting ancestral halls, be respectful of the customs and traditions associated with these historical sites.
• Photography: Be sure to ask permission if you wish to take photographs of any ceremonies or inside the halls.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss the opportunity to taste local delicacies in Shiping County, which may enhance your travel experience.

Overview

The Jianyang Assembly Hall (建阳会馆, Jiàn Yáng Huì Guǎn) is an important historical site located on People’s West Road (人民西路, Rénmín Xī Lù) in Mengzi City (蒙自市, Méngzì Shì), which is part of the Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州, Hónghé Hānízú Yízú Zìzhìzhōu) in Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng). Built by the prominent gentry merchants from Jianshui (建水, Jiànshuǐ), this assembly hall stands out as one of the largest and most significant gathering places in Mengzi.

Architectural Details

• Location: People’s West Road, Mengzi City, Honghe Prefecture
• Area: 2,000 square meters
• Reconstruction Date: 1903 (the 29th year of the Guangxu era in Qing Dynasty)

Originally, the assembly hall comprised several architectural features, including:

• Mountain Gate (山门, shānmén): The entrance structure that traditionally welcomes visitors.
• Central Hall (中殿, zhōngdiàn): The main area for gatherings and ceremonies, which is currently adorned with a single-eave hip roof (单檐歇山顶, dān yán xiē shān dǐng).
• Side Halls (两厢, liǎngxiāng): These areas served as additional spaces for meetings and events, featuring single-eave gable roofs (单檐硬山顶, dān yán yìng shān dǐng).
• Rear Hall (后殿, hòudiàn): An additional space at the back of the assembly hall, often used for private discussions or smaller gatherings.

The architectural design reflects the traditional style of Qing Dynasty (清代, Qīng Dài) wooden structures, characterized by intricate woodwork and a harmonious layout.

Historical Significance

The Jianyang Assembly Hall is not only an architectural gem but also a cultural landmark that symbolizes the historical presence of the gentry class in the region. It was a venue for various social, cultural, and political activities, allowing for the exchange of ideas and fostering community bonds among merchants and residents. The hall’s preservation as a cultural relic since its designation in 1983 further emphasizes its importance in local heritage.

How to Get There

To reach Jianyang Assembly Hall:

1. By Taxi: Taxis are readily available throughout Mengzi City. Simply provide the driver with the address: People’s West Road, and they will take you directly to the assembly hall.
2. By Bus: Local public transport options may also be available, with stops nearby. It’s best to ask locals for the most convenient bus routes.
3. Walking: If you are staying in the city center, the assembly hall is within walking distance and can be reached easily on foot.

Travel Tips

1. Timing Your Visit: Early mornings or late afternoons are ideal times for visits to avoid crowds and enjoy the serene atmosphere.
2. Photography Opportunities: The hall’s unique architectural details make it a fantastic subject for photography. Bring a camera to capture its beauty.
3. Local Guides: Consider hiring a local guide to provide insights into the history and cultural significance of the assembly hall and surrounding areas.
4. Respect Local Customs: As with any cultural site, be mindful of local customs and traditions while visiting.
5. Explore Nearby Attractions: After visiting the Jianyang Assembly Hall, take the time to explore other historical sites in Mengzi, such as other assembly halls or temples that reflect the region’s rich history and culture.

The Former Residence of Yi Zhuangtu (尹壮图故居) is located at 12-15 Ge Xue Street (阁学街), Mengzi City (蒙自市), Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州). The residence faces east and includes over 40 buildings, including the main house and study, showcasing traditional wooden structure architecture from the Qing Dynasty (清代木结构民居建筑).

Historical Significance of Yi Zhuangtu

Yi Zhuangtu (1738-1808), styled Wánqǐ (万起), and also known as Chùzhēn (楚珍), was a prominent official in Qing Dynasty (清朝) Yunnan. He became a Jinshi (进士) in the 31st year of the Qianlong reign (乾隆三十一年, 1766) and later served in the Hanlin Academy (翰林院), eventually rising to the position of cabinet scholar and Vice Minister of Rites (礼部侍郎). Due to conflicts with court authorities, he was demoted but later returned to his hometown to focus on education, founding several schools including Kunming Wuhua Academy (昆明五华书院) and Jian Shui Chongwen Academy (建水崇文书院).

Life and Contributions

Yi Zhuangtu’s contributions to education and governance were significant. Known for his calligraphy and literary works, his writings include “Píngpī Gānglán Xìnglǐ Yǔlù Wéngǎo” (评批纲褴性理语录文稿) in four volumes and “Shīgǎo” (诗稿) in two volumes. His residence remains a testament to his legacy, with the street name Ge Xue Street continuing to honor him.

A Man of Integrity

Serving during the late Qianlong period, Yi Zhuangtu witnessed the decline of the Qing Dynasty. He criticized corrupt practices, particularly the “guilty silver” system (议罪银), where officials could pay fines for serious offenses. His outspoken nature often put him at risk, but he remained steadfast in his beliefs, ultimately resigning from his post to care for his mother.

Educational Influence

In the years that followed, Yi Zhuangtu revitalized local education, teaching at various academies and significantly impacting his students. His dedication to teaching continued even into his old age, where he encouraged diligence and integrity among his students.

Legacy

Despite not being as famous as contemporaries like Liu Yong (刘墉) or Ji Xiaolan (纪晓岚), Yi Zhuangtu is remembered for his moral integrity and willingness to confront corruption. His life serves as an example of dedication to both education and the welfare of the people.

How to Get There

To reach the Former Residence of Yi Zhuangtu:

• By Air: Fly into Mengzi Airport (蒙自机场) and take a taxi or local transport to Ge Xue Street.
• By Train: Take a train to Mengzi Railway Station (蒙自火车站) and then a taxi to the residence.
• By Bus: There are regular buses from major cities in Yunnan to Mengzi.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn offer pleasant weather for sightseeing.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying local Hani (哈尼族) dishes nearby.
• Respect Local Customs: Be mindful of cultural norms when visiting historical sites.
• Guided Tours: Consider hiring a local guide for a deeper understanding of Yi Zhuangtu’s life and contributions.

Overview

The Exhibition Hall of Former Custom (蒙自海关旧址, Méngzì Hǎiguān Jiùzhǐ) is located in the southeastern corner of Nanhu (南湖, Nán Hú) in Mengzi City (蒙自市, Méngzì Shì), Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州, Hónghé Hānízú Yízú Zìzhìzhōu), Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng). Covering an area of approximately 2,925 square meters, this site dates back from the Qing Dynasty (清朝, Qīng Cháo) to the Republic of China (民国, Mínguó) era.

The architectural layout of the former customs site is meticulously organized, radiating from the Customs Tax Office (海关税务司署, Hǎiguān Shuìwù Sīshǔ) at its center. It features a blend of European-style buildings with red tiles and yellow walls, alongside Chinese-style architecture characterized by ornate beams and flying eaves. Existing structures include the Mengzi Customs Tax Office, the French Consulate (法国领事府, Fǎguó Lǐngshì Fǔ), a garden, and the Goulas Commercial House (哥胪士洋行, Gēlúshì Yángháng), which are primarily French-style buildings. This site testifies to the complex history of Yunnan’s development and reflects the cultural exchange between China and the West.

In May 2006, the Exhibition Hall of Former Custom was announced as a key cultural heritage site by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China.

Historical Background

In the 13th year of Guangxu (光绪, Guāngxù) in 1887, the first French consul, M. Léon de Montigny, arrived in Mengzi. He purchased approximately 5 acres of land outside the eastern gate of the city to build the French Consulate, which was completed in 1888. The Mengzi Customs and Tax Office began construction in the same year and was completed in 1889. By the 21st year of the Republic (1932), the consulate was moved to Kunming, ending its presence in Mengzi.

Over the years, the site has undergone various transformations, including being repurposed as classrooms for the Southwest Associated University (西南联合大学, Xīnán Liánhé Dàxué) during 1938-1939. In 1940, the site was shut down as the Japanese army occupied Vietnam, interrupting operations.

Architectural Layout

The site encompasses a total area of 2,925 square meters, with its architectural design radiating from the Customs Tax Office at the center. It exhibits a unique blend of European and Chinese architectural styles, illustrating the cultural interactions of the time. Key buildings include:

• Customs Tax Office (海关税务司署, Hǎiguān Shuìwù Sīshǔ): A palace-style wooden structure with an area of 323.4 square meters.
• French Consulate (法国领事府, Fǎguó Lǐngshì Fǔ): Comprising 10 main rooms and 6 side rooms, it spans over 500 square meters.
• French Prison (法国监狱, Fǎguó Jiānyù): Two single-story brick-and-wood buildings featuring European architectural styles.
• French Garden (法国花园, Fǎguó Huāyuán): A two-story rectangular building near the water, covering an area of 215.04 square meters.
• Goulas Commercial House (哥胪士洋行, Gēlúshì Yángháng): A two-story building occupying an area of approximately 1,800 square meters.

Cultural Significance

The Exhibition Hall of Former Custom stands as a testament to the turbulent history of modern Yunnan and symbolizes the cultural exchanges between East and West.

Preservation Efforts

In May 2006, the site was designated as a key cultural heritage site by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China. In November 2018, it was selected as part of the third batch of 20th-century architectural heritage in China.

How to Get There

The Exhibition Hall of Former Custom is located in the southeastern corner of Nanhu in Mengzi City, Honghe Prefecture.

By Car:

From the Mengzi Municipal Government, the journey to the former customs site is approximately 8.6 kilometers and takes about 26 minutes.

Travel Tips

• Timing: Visiting during the morning or late afternoon can help you avoid the midday heat and crowds.
• Guided Tours: Consider joining a guided tour to gain deeper insights into the history and architecture of the site.
• Photography: The blend of architectural styles offers excellent photography opportunities, especially during sunrise and sunset.
• Local Cuisine: Explore nearby local eateries to enjoy traditional Yunnanese dishes after your visit.

Honghe The Exhibition Hall of Former Custom in Mengzi City, travel guide introduces the main attractions, entrance tickets booking, the best time to visit, how to Get there, the highlights, facts, history, photos, weather, accommodation, visiting routes, travel tips, tour maps of The Exhibition Hall of Former Custom in Honghe (蒙自老海关陈列室).

Overview

The Former Residence of Xiong Qinglai (熊庆来故居, Xióng Qìnglái Gùjū) is an important historical site located in Qinglei Village, Pengpu Town, Mile City (弥勒市, Mílè Shì), Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州, Hónghé Hānizú Yízú Zìzhìzhōu), Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng). Established during the Qing Dynasty under Emperor Guangxu (光绪, Guāngxù) between 1875 and 1908, it spans 1,055 square meters.

This residence is significant not only for its architectural style but also as a testament to the life and achievements of Xiong Qinglai, a notable figure in modern Chinese science and education. It stands as a patriotic education site that showcases his scientific legacy and contributions to mathematics.

On March 5, 2013, it was recognized as a national key cultural relic protection unit by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China.

Key Information

• Chinese Name: 熊庆来故居
• Location: Qinglei Village, Pengpu Town, Mile City, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province
• Period: 1893
• Area: 1,055 m²
• Protection Level: National Key Cultural Relic Protection Unit (7th batch)
• Approval Authority: State Council of the People’s Republic of China

Historical Development

The residence was constructed by Xiong Qinglai’s father, Xiong Guodong (熊国栋, Xióng Guódòng), during the Guangxu period. In 1999, it was designated as a provincial patriotic education base by the Yunnan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and the provincial government.

Key milestones in the residence’s history include:

• 2014: The Yunnan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology conducted field surveys and measurements, leading to a design plan approved by the National Cultural Heritage Administration.
• 2019: Funding was allocated for fire safety system improvements.
• 2022: The fire safety system was completed and passed inspection, ensuring the preservation of this important cultural site.

Architectural Layout

The residence’s layout reflects traditional southern Yunnan architectural styles, primarily a quadrangular courtyard layout known as a “siheyuan” (四合院). It consists of:

• Main Entrance: A grand entrance with intricate wood carvings and a plaque inscribed by renowned calligrapher Chu Tunan (楚图南, Chǔ Túnán), stating “Former Residence of Xiong Qinglai.”
• Main House: Features a double-eaved gable roof structure measuring 12 meters in width and 10.5 meters in depth, with a total height of 8.5 meters. Inside, it houses a collection of Xiong Qinglai’s works, documents, and personal items.
• Side Rooms (耳房, ěr fáng): These are used for additional living spaces. The southern side room was originally a study, while the northern one is adjacent to the ancestral hall. Notable calligraphy by Xiong Guodong adorns the walls.
• Living Room (客厅, kètīng): A simpler design, this area has a single-eaved roof and measures 6.4 meters wide and 5 meters deep, serving as a gathering space for family and guests.
• Inner Courtyard: The inner courtyard features two spacious areas, including an impressive bronze statue of Xiong Qinglai.
• Longevity Hall (寿堂, shòutáng): Located north of the kitchen, this hall is a prominent feature of the residence, characterized by a heavy-eaved roof.
• Ancestral Hall (祠堂, cítáng): Situated in front of the Longevity Hall, this single-eaved structure measures 14 meters wide and 7.1 meters deep. It displays an exhibition of Xiong Qinglai’s life, including photographs and a bust made of fiberglass.

Cultural Significance

Xiong Qinglai (熊庆来, Xióng Qìnglái, 1893–1969) was a pioneer in modern science and higher mathematics education in China. He studied at various institutions, including the Yunnan Higher School and later abroad, obtaining a master’s degree in science. Upon his return, he taught at several prestigious universities, including Southeast University and Tsinghua University.

His notable contributions include:

• Research in Complex Functions: Xiong conducted significant research in this area, leading to a well-regarded doctoral thesis titled “The Theory of Infinite Series of Meromorphic Functions,” known internationally as the “Xiong’s Infinite Series.”
• Educational Influence: Xiong was a mentor to many prominent mathematicians, including Hua Luogeng (华罗庚, Huá Luógēng) and Hu Kunsheng (胡坤升, Hú Kūnshēng).

In memory of Xiong Qinglai, local communities have named parks, roads, and schools after him, and his hometown was renamed Qinglei Village, reflecting his enduring legacy.

Travel Information

How to Get There

By Car: The residence is approximately 50.3 kilometers from the Mile City Government, taking about one hour by car.

Public Transport: Check local bus schedules for routes to Mile City and then take a taxi to Qinglei Village.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) are ideal for pleasant weather and beautiful scenery.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying traditional Yunnan dishes, such as “crossing the bridge rice noodles” (过桥米线, Guòqiáo Mǐxiàn) and local mushrooms.
• Cultural Respect: Be mindful of local customs and traditions, especially when visiting historical sites.
• Photography: Capture the unique architecture and natural beauty, but be respectful of areas where photography might be restricted.
• Guided Tours: Consider hiring a local guide to enhance your understanding of the historical significance and cultural context of the site.

Location:

Overview

Dongmen Tower and Yisa Folk House 红河县东门楼及迤萨民居 are located on Dongmen Street (东门街) in Honghe County (红河县), Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省). These historical buildings are a reflection of the rich cultural heritage of the mule caravan trade, featuring 11 ancient structures that include the East Gate Tower, mule caravan inns, and courtyard houses.

Dongmen Tower is the only remaining city gate tower in Honghe County. The complex includes nearly a hundred ancient houses, combining both Chinese and Western architectural styles, with a total area of approximately 7,850 square meters. The structures have a fortress-like appearance and have remained solid and stable for nearly a century. The main components of Dongmen Tower and Yisa Folk House include the Dongmen Tower, Yao Chu Residence (姚初民居), and Qian Erguan Residence (钱二官住宅).

On March 5, 2013, Dongmen Tower and Yisa Folk House were designated by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China (中华人民共和国国务院) as a seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Historical Background

• Construction: Dongmen Tower was first built in the 33rd year of the Republic of China (民国三十三年, 1944).
• Yao Chu Residence: Constructed in the early years of the Republic of China.
• Protection Planning: In 2022, the Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau of Honghe Prefecture (红河州住房和城乡建设局) planned for the preservation of Dongmen Tower and Yisa Folk House.

Architectural Features

The ancient buildings, including the East Gate Tower, mule caravan inns, and courtyard houses, serve as a microcosm of the history and culture of the mule caravan trade. Dongmen Tower is the only remaining city gate tower in Honghe County, and the structures exhibit a blend of architectural styles.

Main Buildings

• Dongmen Tower: Covers an area of 56 square meters, with a total building area of 168 square meters. It features a three-story brick structure with a double-sloped roof. The tower is rectangular, with an arched entrance inscribed with the characters “普天同庆,” serving as the sole entrance into the county from the east.
• Yao Chu Residence: This courtyard-style building connects to Dongmen Tower, covering 528 square meters with a construction area of 980 square meters. It features a three-story, three-entry courtyard design, with a fortified square appearance. The design incorporates shooting holes for defense, blending seamlessly into the sloped terrain.
• Qian Erguan Residence: Located at No. 33 Dongmen Street in Honghe County, this residence has a building area of 2,300 square meters. It features a two-story mixed brick and wood structure with a double-sloped roof. The layout is irregular, with various sizes of courtyards, creating an atmosphere of depth and intrigue.

Cultural Significance

Related Figures

Qian Wanxing, also known as Qian Erguan, was the 24th generation of the Gajian Wazha chieftain family. He built a residence for his concubine in the southeastern part of Yisa Town, which was later confiscated by the state for use as a detention center. The structure has been preserved intact.

Preservation Status

• 1992: Designated as a second batch of county-level cultural relic protection units by the Honghe County People’s Government (红河县人民政府).
• 2003: Recognized as a fourth batch of state-level cultural relic protection units by the Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture People’s Government (红河哈尼族彝族自治州人民政府).
• 2013: Announced as a seventh batch of national key cultural relic protection units by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China.

Travel Information

Location

Dongmen Tower and Yisa Folk House are located on Dongmen Street in Honghe County, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province.

How to Get There

Visitors can take public buses No. 2, No. 3, or No. 5 to the Baohuodagong Station (百货大楼站) and then walk to the site.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn are ideal for pleasant weather and scenic views.
• Nearby Attractions: Explore other historical sites in the region for a deeper cultural experience.
• Photography: The unique architecture provides excellent opportunities for photos.
• Local Cuisine: Enjoy local delicacies in nearby restaurants to enhance your visit.

Location:

Introduction

The Former Residence of Zhang Chong (张冲故居) is located in Mile City (弥勒市), Honghe Prefecture (红河州), Yunnan Province (云南省). In October 2021, it was included in the public list of educational bases for strengthening the awareness of the Chinese national community.

Historical Significance

Zhang Chong’s residence is situated in Songke Village (松棵村), Shemu Village Committee, Dongshan Town (东山镇), and is one of the most charming symbols of red culture in Mile City. Zhang Chong lived a legendary life, spending his childhood here. His revolutionary achievements are closely tied to this land.

Architectural Features

The residence was originally built in the late Qing Dynasty (清朝) and was rebuilt in 1933. In 2003, it was listed as a provincial-level cultural relic protection unit in Yunnan, and in 2021, it became part of the first batch of immovable revolutionary relics in the province.

The entrance features a traditional scholar’s gate, with a plaque above reading “Old Residence of the Scholar.” Inside, visitors will find three main rooms and three side rooms, encapsulating the environment of Zhang Chong’s childhood. Little did anyone know that the child playing in this courtyard would grow up to be the formidable “Black Tiger General.”

Exhibition Details

The exhibition hall within the residence displays Zhang Chong’s manuscripts, archival materials, and various certificates from his time as a representative in the National People’s Congress and a member of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference. Notably, each exhibition panel includes a QR code that visitors can scan to learn more about Zhang Chong’s life and the revolutionary era he experienced.

Cultural Experience

As a carrier of red culture in Mile City, Zhang Chong’s residence offers an immersive display. It not only showcases his childhood environment but also provides spaces for reflection, allowing visitors to engage with his thoughts and emotions regardless of the weather.

Every visitor can engage with Zhang Chong from different perspectives and levels. The land where he fought bravely is now filled with flowers, and the “Black Tiger General,” who dedicated his life to communism and the people’s happiness, will forever live in the hearts of the people.

Biography of Zhang Chong

Zhang Chong (张冲), born in 1900 and passed away in October 1980, was known by the courtesy name Shaoyu (绍禹) and the pseudonym Yunpeng (云鹏). He was a male member of the Yi ethnic group (彝族), originally from Songke Village (松棵村) in Dongshan Town (东山镇) of Mile County (弥勒县). His father, Yu Ting (玉廷), served as a county assistant in the late Qing Dynasty.

Zhang Chong was the third of four brothers. He became a legendary hero known throughout the Mile-Luxi region. Influenced by revolutionary thoughts during the Xinhai Revolution (辛亥革命) at the age of 12 or 13, he later pursued his studies in Kunming (昆明).

After his father’s death in 1918, 18-year-old Zhang was falsely accused of colluding with the bandit Zhao Guangting (赵光廷) and was approved for arrest by the provincial government. He fled to Pingyi (彝良县) and joined Zhao Shouting (赵寿庭). Soon, he led over 80 supporters, advocating for the poor, and his forces grew to over 600 within two years.

Amidst the warlord chaos, Zhang Chong played a significant role in the region’s military efforts. He commanded troops and was pivotal in various military campaigns, establishing himself as a key figure in Yunnan’s revolutionary history.

After the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, he held numerous important governmental positions and continued to influence the development of Yunnan Province. He passed away in Beijing in 1980, with his ashes scattered in the Jinsha River (金沙江) at the Tiger Leaping Gorge (虎跳峡).

How to Get There

To reach the Former Residence of Zhang Chong, you can take a bus or taxi from Mile City Center. The residence is located in Dongshan Town, approximately 20 kilometers from the city center. Public transportation is available, and local taxis can provide direct access.

Travel Tips

• Timing: Visit early in the day to avoid crowds and enjoy a more personal experience.
• QR Codes: Make sure to bring a smartphone to scan the QR codes for detailed information on exhibitions.
• Local Cuisine: Explore nearby local restaurants to try traditional Yunnan dishes after your visit.
• Respect: Maintain respect for the historical site and its cultural significance while visiting.

Location:

Chinese Name:墨江庾恩旸故居
English Name: Former Residence of Yu Enyang in Mojiang County, Puer

Puer Former Residence of Yu Enyang in Mojiang District travel guide introduces the main attractions, entrance tickets booking, The best time to visit, How to Get there, the highlights, facts, history, photos, weather, accommodation, visiting routes, travel tips, tour maps of Former Residence of Yu Enyang in Puer.

Chinese Name:腾冲和顺艾思奇故居
English Name: Former Residence of Ai Siqi in Tengchong County, Baoshan

Baoshan Former Residence of Ai Siqi in Tengchong County travel guide introduces the main attractions, entrance tickets booking, The best time to visit, How to Get there, the highlights, facts, history, photos, weather, accommodation, visiting routes, travel tips, tour maps of Former Residence of Ai Siqi in Baoshan.

Chinese Name:腾冲县李根源故居
English Name: Former Residence of Li Genyuan in Tengchong County, Baoshan

Baoshan Former Residence of Li Genyuan in Tengchong County travel guide introduces the main attractions, entrance tickets booking, The best time to visit, How to Get there, the highlights, facts, history, photos, weather, accommodation, visiting routes, travel tips, tour maps of Former Residence of Li Genyuan in Baoshan.

Chinese Name:腾冲县寸尊福故居
English Name: Former Residence of Cun Zunfu in Tengchong County, Baoshan

Baoshan Former Residence of Cun Zunfu in Tengchong County travel guide introduces the main attractions, entrance tickets booking, The best time to visit, How to Get there, the highlights, facts, history, photos, weather, accommodation, visiting routes, travel tips, tour maps of Former Residence of Cun Zunfu in Baoshan.

Yunnan Travel Guide

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