Puer Coffee

Pu’er(普洱) city of the world’s coffee-growing gold field is Plateau climatic Region with the subtropical montane humid monsoon climate. Pu’er coffee is pure color, high quality and unique taste.

This quondam Department of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China ratified nation geographic indication of agricultural products registration for Puer coffee on 30th December, 2013. The name of the holder of Pu’er coffee Application Registration Certificate had changed. Certificate of Registration of geographic indications of the People’s Republic of China was anew granted through revocation original Registration Certificate.

Product Features
External sensory characteristics
Stems of Puer coffee are straight to live, which have articulation. There are a pair of green leaves and white flowers of monoecism. The blooming period is usually from March to April. The ripening period of fresh fruits is usually from October to February of the following year, fresh fruits usually with two seeds after peeling are rounded red(yellow) berries. Commercial coffee beans are light blue or light green.

Intrinsic Quality Standards
Moisture content ≤12.5%
Ash content ≤4.2%
Water Extraction content≥20.0%
Caffeine content(ca fei yin)≤1.2%
Content of total sugar(zong tang) ≥ 8.5%
Protein Content(dan bai zhi) ≥ 11.0%
Crude Fat Content (cute zhi fang)≥ 5.0%
Crude Fiber content(cute sign wei)≤35.0%p
The total acids content(song suan)≥ 0.5%

Environment of producing Areas
Landform Soil
Pu er(普洱) coffee planting terrain is high in the North and low in the South, with the highest elevation 3,3307 meters, the lowest elevation of 1,500 meters, and it is suitable for planting 700 meters to 1,600 meters above sea level(frost-free zone is needed if the altitude is more than 1,200 meters). The soil mainly types are red soil 、lateritic soil、crimson soil、purple loam、sandy loam、rice soil etc. The suitable soil for planting is red soil lateritic soil、crimson soil, with the number of PH between 5.5 to 6.5; The forest coverage rate is greater than or equal to 64.9 percent; The planting site is chosen in an open area, with half mountain areas and mountain areas of gentle slopes、foothills and hills. However, Pu’er coffee planted in the altitude of 1200 maters the selection of Yin slopes, 1200 meters above the selection of Yang slopes.

Hydrologic Regime
Lancang(澜沧), Honghe(红河) and Nujiang(怒江) rivers run through the whole pu ‘er coffee growing area. The Lancang River water system mainly includes the small black river, the lower Yunhe River, the Weiyuan River, the Jinggu River, the Heihe River, and the like; the Honghe River water system mainly includes the Li Xianjiang, the Yukiang River, the Amur River, the other Lang River, the Nanjiang River, the soil and the river, and the like; the Nujiang water system mainly includes the Nanka River, the Nankang River, the Nanma River and the like; and the water resources are abundant, clean and pollution-free, suitable for coffee planting and processing.
Climate Conditions

The humid monsoon climate in the southern subtropical mountainous area of the Pu ‘er coffee planting area is characterized by the three characteristics of low latitude, monsoon and cold climate, the temperature difference of the day and night is large, the winter is warm and summer is cool, and the rainfall is greater than the evaporation amount.The annual maximum air temperature is 24.7 ℃ ~ 27.6 ℃, the annual minimum temperature is 12.8 ℃ ~ 15.3 ℃, the annual average temperature is 17.8 ℃ ~ 20.1 ℃, the annual average sunshine hours are 2065.9 hours, the annual frost-free period is 313 days ~ 365 days, the rainy season in May-October, the annual average rainfall is 1208.3-1811.7 mm, and the relative humidity is 76-85%. light, sufficient heat and abundant water resources, which is beneficial to the growth of coffee.

Production Status
In 2011, coffee of city planting area of 439000 mu, production area of 190000 mu, coffee output of 28000 tons, coffee output value of 850 million yuan in Puer city(普洱市). In 2012, 270000 mu was put into production, with a coffee output of 36500 tons and an output value of 900 million yuan.
Translated by Zhai Mei/翟梅