Chinese Name:中华普洱茶博览苑-茶祖殿
English Name: Tea Ancestor Hall of China Puer Tea Exhibition Garden in Puer City

Overview:

The Tea Ancestor Hall at the China Puer Tea Exhibition Garden is a significant cultural and historical site that honors the deep-rooted connection between tea culture and the diverse ethnic groups of Yunnan. This hall showcases the integration of local ethnic cultures with tea traditions and highlights the evolution of tea history and cultural heritage in the region.

Highlights:

1. Cultural Fusion: The hall offers insights into how various ethnic cultures in Yunnan have merged with tea culture over centuries. It reflects on the essential role of tea in the lives of the region’s people and how it has become integral to their daily existence and traditions.
2. Historical Figures:
   • Payan Leng (帕岩冷): According to the Bulao ethnic group’s historical records, Payan Leng was a prominent leader who, over a thousand years ago, led his people in large-scale tea cultivation in the Lancang Jingmai and Mangjing areas. The tea he cultivated was named “La,” and today, ancient tea gardens still flourish. Every year on the 7th day of the 6th lunar month, the Bulao people hold ceremonies to honor Payan Leng.
   • Lu Yu (陆羽): Known as the “Sage of Tea,” Lu Yu (also known as Lu Yuhongjian) from the Tang Dynasty is famous for authoring the world’s first comprehensive tea book, “The Classic of Tea” (茶经). This work is divided into three volumes, covering various aspects of tea production, preparation, and cultural significance. Although Lu Yu’s book did not include Yunnan as a tea-producing region, his contributions to tea culture are monumental.
3. Tea and Ethnic Culture: The hall emphasizes how tea has permeated various ethnic traditions, becoming a symbol of respect, reverence, and essential life element for many communities. The Tea Ancestor Hall serves as a tribute to the figures who played crucial roles in the discovery and cultivation of tea.

Visitor Information:

• Recommended Visit Duration: 20 minutes
• Latitude and Longitude: Longitude 101°6′0.1332″, Latitude 22°38′51.4752″
• Best Photography Location: Front Plaza of the Tea Ancestor Hall
• Best Photography Coordinates: Longitude 101°5′59.5248″, Latitude 22°38′51.4608″
• Photography Tips: The Tea Ancestor Hall is an elegant traditional-style building, and the best photographs are taken from the front plaza. This elevated vantage point offers a good angle for capturing the exterior of the hall. Indoor photography is not permitted, so focusing on the exterior and the surrounding area is ideal.

The Tea Ancestor Hall provides a fascinating glimpse into the history and culture of tea in Yunnan, celebrating the region’s unique contributions to tea heritage and its deep cultural significance.

Chinese Name:中华普洱茶博览苑-普洱茶制作坊
English Name: Puer Tea Processing Workshop of China Puer Tea Exhibition Garden in Puer City

The Puer Tea Processing Workshop at the China Puer Tea Exhibition Garden offers an immersive experience into the art of Puer tea production. Visitors not only have the opportunity to sample Puer tea and watch the tea-making process but can also participate in tea picking activities and enjoy traditional tea mountain culture.

Experience Highlights:

• Tea Picking and Cultural Activities: Visitors can engage in tea picking, experiencing traditional mountain songs sung by local tea farmers as they work. This activity reflects the harmony between work and leisure typical of tea culture.
• Tea Production Process: The workshop allows you to explore the entire tea-making process, from picking to pressing. Traditional Puer tea is pressed into cakes for easy transportation, and you can even participate in pressing your own commemorative tea cake or brick.
• Traditional vs. Modern Methods: The workshop demonstrates both traditional and modern tea processing methods. Traditional methods involve manual steps, while modern techniques use machinery to improve efficiency and reduce contamination.
  • Green Tea Production: Picking — Withering — Fixing (Kill Green) — Rolling — Drying — Pressing into cakes.
  • Ripe Tea Production: Picking — Withering — Fixing (Kill Green) — Rolling — Drying — Piling (Fermentation) — Pressing into cakes.

Tea Production Steps:

1. Picking: Generally involves picking one bud and two leaves, or one bud and one leaf, to ensure high-quality tea. Some varieties use slightly older leaves for a richer flavor after aging.
2. Withering: Tea leaves are placed in a shaded, ventilated area to naturally dehydrate, avoiding direct sunlight.
3. Fixing (Kill Green): This step involves heating the leaves to stop enzymatic oxidation. It can be done manually or with machines, with temperatures not exceeding 60°C.
4. Rolling: The leaves are rolled to break down cell walls, which can be done by hand or with a rolling machine.
5. Drying: Puer tea is traditionally sun-dried to preserve active compounds and ensure proper fermentation during aging.
6. Pressing: Traditional methods use stone mills to press the tea into cakes, though modern machines can also be used.
7. Piling (Fermentation): The tea is placed on fermentation beds where it is regularly watered and turned to facilitate controlled aging. This step requires expertise.

Tea Aging:

Puer tea improves with age, and its flavor evolves over time. Known for its aging potential, Puer tea can be stored for years and often becomes more aromatic and flavorful. This characteristic makes Puer tea a popular choice for gifts, as it offers a unique taste experience when consumed years later.

Visitor Information:

• Recommended Visit Duration: 1.5 hours
• Latitude and Longitude of the Attraction: Longitude 101°5′55.3308″, Latitude 22°38′54.4272″
• Best Photography Location: Tea Picking Experience Area Entrance
• Best Photography Coordinates: Longitude 101°5′54.5388″, Latitude 22°38′55.788″
• Best Photography Position Description: The best photography spot is at the entrance to the tea picking experience area. From here, you can capture the tea workshop buildings set amidst the tea gardens and, if visiting in the morning, the sunrise can also be beautifully captured.

The Puer Tea Processing Workshop provides a deep dive into the tradition and craftsmanship of tea making, making it an enriching visit for tea enthusiasts and those interested in cultural heritage.

Chinese Name:中华普洱茶博览苑-茶餐厅
English Name: Tea Restuarant of China Puer Tea Exhibition Garden in Puer City

The Tea Restaurant at the China Puer Tea Exhibition Garden offers a unique dining experience that integrates Puer tea into its culinary creations. Located in an ancient-style building above the Puer Tea Museum, this restaurant features a menu rich in dishes made with fresh tea leaves, reflecting the deep-rooted tea culture of the region.

Dining Experience:

• Tea-Based Dishes: The restaurant serves a variety of dishes made with fresh tea leaves, including tea-infused egg pancakes, dipping tea, tea stir-fried meat, tea-flavored pastries, and red tea rice. These dishes not only enhance the flavor of the food but also offer health benefits such as improved digestion, anti-aging properties, and support for metabolism.
• Health Benefits: Consuming tea-infused dishes can aid in digestion, reduce fat, lower cholesterol, prevent arteriosclerosis, and offer anti-cancer and anti-aging benefits. The rich nutrients in tea leaves contribute to overall well-being and offer a unique flavor profile to the dishes.
• Cultural Integration: The dining experience is complemented by traditional performances, including tea-salutation songs and toasts by local ethnic minorities, enriching the cultural ambiance of the meal.

Culinary Tradition:

• Historical Context: Tea has been a staple in Chinese cuisine for centuries, with historical texts noting its medicinal properties. Tea is renowned for its health benefits and has been used in cooking to enhance flavors and reduce the richness of meats.
• Modern Adaptations: The Tea Restaurant creatively uses Puer tea in various culinary forms, including steamed tea leaf eggs, tea-flavored roasted meats, and tea-infused dishes that balance flavors and add nutritional value. The practice of cooking with tea is rooted in the ancient tradition of using tea to enhance the taste and digestibility of meals.

Visitor Information:

• Recommended Visit Duration: 1 hour
• Latitude and Longitude of the Attraction: Longitude 101.099529, Latitude 22.646483
• Best Photography Location: First-level steps in front of the “Jiahuifang” Archway
• Best Photography Coordinates: Longitude 101°5′52.098″, Latitude 22°38′58.0452″
• Best Photography Position Description: To capture the charming blend of ancient architecture and lush surroundings, walk from the museum to the Tea Restaurant, where you can photograph the “Jiahuifang” archway against the backdrop of the surrounding greenery.

The Tea Restaurant at the China Puer Tea Exhibition Garden offers a distinctive culinary experience that highlights the versatility and health benefits of Puer tea, making it a must-visit destination for both tea enthusiasts and food lovers.

Chinese Name:中华普洱茶博览苑-问茶楼
English Name:Tea Enquiry Tower of China Puer Tea Exhibition Garden in Puer City

Overview:

Wencha Tower, located in the heart of the China Puer Tea Exhibition Garden, offers breathtaking views of over 23,000 acres of tea plantations. This three-story, ancient-style building, constructed with blue bricks and gray tiles, serves as both a scenic observation point and a notable attraction. Its unique design features four gates: Dong Zhengyang (East), Xi Xiazhao (West), Nan Deqin (South), and Bei Chongzu (North). Visitors facing the Chongzu Gate can experience the changing moods of the landscape, from mystical clouds to the lush green mountains.

Architectural and Scenic Features:

• Design and Position: Wencha Tower is strategically located at the center of the tea mountains, maintaining an ideal distance from the tea fields. Its architectural style combines ancient charm with modern functionality, providing a perfect vantage point for viewing the surrounding tea gardens.
• Gates and Views: The tower’s four gates offer distinct perspectives. The Chongzu Gate, which faces visitors, provides a unique vantage point to observe the dynamic scenery and the interplay of light and shadow throughout the seasons.
• Seasonal Beauty: The tower captures the essence of the region’s beauty through various seasons. The ever-changing sea of clouds and the verdant peaks of the tea mountains offer a picturesque experience that evolves with time.

Exhibits on the First Floor:

• Ancient Tea Forests: A display illustrates the ancient tea forests of Zhenyuan Qianjiazhai, the origin and core area of tea cultivation. This wild tea tree cluster is an ideal environment for tea growth.
• Ancient Tea Gardens: The exhibit showcases the ancient tea gardens in Jingmai, where the Blang and Dai ethnic groups have cultivated tea for over 1,300 years. This area is known for its well-preserved and historically significant tea gardens.
• Tea Tree Resources: A map depicts the historical distribution of ancient tea trees in Simao, highlighting its role as a central tea production area and its impact on regional economic development.
• Eight Major Tea Areas: A distribution map of the eight major tea regions illustrates how tea cultivation has expanded from impoverished areas to more developed regions, improving the living standards of local farmers.

Visitor Information:

• Recommended Visit Duration: 20 minutes
• Latitude and Longitude of the Attraction: Longitude 101°5′35.0772″, Latitude 22°38′39.0552″
• Best Photography Location: Battery Car Parking Lot Plaza
• Best Photography Coordinates: Longitude 101°5′37.5072″, Latitude 22°38′41.8092″
• Best Photography Position Description: The Battery Car Parking Lot Plaza, located below Wencha Tower, offers the best vantage point for capturing the grandeur of the tower. For optimal shots, position your camera with a long lens and adjust slightly left or right as needed.

Wencha Tower provides an immersive experience into the world of Puer tea, offering both historical insights and panoramic views that reflect the rich cultural and natural heritage of the region.

Chinese Name:中华普洱茶博览苑-村村寨寨
English Name:Ethnic Villages of China Puer Tea Exhibition Garden in Puer City

Yunnan Province, known for its rich ethnic diversity, is home to 14 indigenous ethnic groups in Pu’er City alone. Tea has been an integral part of their lives, blending seamlessly into their culture and traditions. At the Ethnic Villages in the China Puer Tea Exhibition Garden, visitors can experience the grand welcoming ceremonies of these unique ethnic groups.

The exhibition features five ethnic groups: the Blang, Dai, Lahu, Wa, and Hani. Each ethnic group’s traditional architecture is showcased in a harmonious setting that reflects the unity of these diverse communities. Visitors can taste the aromatic Lahu-style baked tea, listen to traditional music from the five ethnic groups, and enjoy their unique dances. There are also opportunities to participate in ethnic unity dances and Dai bamboo pole dances, and experience traditional weddings and customs of the Blang, Hani, and Lahu peoples.

Ethnic Tea Traditions:

• Blang People: Tea is central to the Blang culture. They consume it daily and use it as a special treat for guests and gifts. Fresh tea leaves are boiled or steamed, then dried and sealed in bamboo tubes for natural fermentation. This process can last for months or years, resulting in tea with a mellow flavor and cooling properties. Pickled tea is often served with chili and salt during festive occasions or to honor guests.
• Dai People: The Dai people enjoy tea that is sun-dried and roasted in bamboo tubes. The bamboo is placed over a fire and the tea is repeatedly pressed and roasted until the tube is filled. The roasted tea is then cooled and can be broken into pieces for brewing. The tea remains fresh for years when stored properly.
• Lahu People: Similar to the Dai, the Lahu people also roast their tea, but they add a pinch of salt to their tea water. This makes it convenient for them to drink tea while working in the fields.
• Wa People: The Wa people prefer roasted tea made in clay pots. The pots are preheated over charcoal, then filled with tea leaves. The leaves are roasted until they turn golden and fragrant. Water is then added and the tea is brewed to perfection.
• Hani People: The Hani people have a traditional method of brewing tea in clay pots. Fresh tea leaves are added to boiling spring water, and the tea is brewed by continually adding water, making it a convenient way to serve guests.
• Yi People: The Yi people are known for their “Hundred Shake Tea.” The tea leaves are roasted in a clay pot over charcoal, and the pot is shaken continuously to ensure even roasting. The name “Hundred Shake” refers to the process of shaking the pot to achieve the perfect roast.
• Recommended Visit Duration: 30 minutes
• Latitude and Longitude of the Attraction: Longitude 101°5′52.836″, Latitude 22°39′2.0772″
• Best Photography Location: Right side of the entrance road
• Best Photography Coordinates: Longitude 101°5′51.7668″, Latitude 22°39′1.1988″
• Best Photography Position Description: The Ethnic Villages are located on the left side of the entrance to the site. The best location for panoramic shots is on the left side of the entrance road, where a full view of the attraction can be captured.

Chinese Name:中华普洱茶博览苑之中华普洱茶博物馆
English Name: China Puer Tea Museum of China Puer Tea Exhibition Garden in Puer City

First Floor: Enjoy free tastings of Pu’er tea, learn about the basics of Pu’er tea from tea masters, relax while tasting and shopping for Pu’er tea.

Second Floor: View 35.4-million-year-old Magnolia fossils and historical artifacts related to Pu’er tea. Learn about the evolution of Pu’er tea.

Pu’er tea, as one of the symbols of Chinese civilization, has been passed down for thousands of years. It is known for its natural and mellow aroma, its health benefits, and its profound cultural significance. It has become one of the top three beverages and is referred to as the “National Drink,” representing “drinkable culture” and “living antiques.” The China Puer Tea Museum displays 35.4-million-year-old Magnolia fossils, historical records on tea cultivation and processing, artifacts from the Tea Horse Road, tea-making tools, and tea sets used by ethnic minorities in Pu’er, showcasing the history and development of Pu’er tea and witnessing its rise and fall.

Attraction Description:

The saying goes: “Seven things to bring when leaving home: firewood, rice, oil, salt, sauce, vinegar, and tea,” highlighting the close relationship between tea and daily life. Tea is not only a drink but also a source of enjoyment, etiquette, and wellness. As a hallmark of Chinese civilization, tea has been cherished for thousands of years and has become a national drink. Due to its natural aroma, health benefits, and profound cultural connotations, it is praised by Dr. Seaford from the United States as the fifth great invention, alongside the four great inventions of ancient China, and has risen to the top of the three major beverages. Pu’er tea, renowned both domestically and internationally, stands out among the top ten Chinese teas for its rich cultural tradition, unique shape, sweet and aged fragrance, and notable health benefits. It is known as “drinkable culture” and “living antiques” due to its appeal to modern people seeking spiritual enjoyment.

The China Puer Tea Museum displays 35.4-million-year-old Magnolia fossils, historical documents on tea cultivation and processing, artifacts from the Tea Horse Road, tea-making tools, and tea sets used by ethnic minorities in Pu’er. These exhibits fully demonstrate the history and development of Pu’er tea, offering a glimpse into its historical evolution. The origins of Pu’er tea can be traced back to ancient times.

It is said that heaven has always favored the beautiful land of Pu’er. The unique geographical and climatic environment of Pu’er has provided the best raw materials for making Pu’er tea—Yunnan large-leaf tea. Historical records of tea tree cultivation and usage in Simao date back over 1,800 years. From the Shang and Zhou dynasties to the Tang, Song, Ming, and Qing dynasties, Simao has been recorded in countless historical books for its Pu’er tea.

Today, these ancient texts are displayed before us. From the “Huayang Tu Zhi” of the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the “Yunnan Zhi · Yunnan Goods Volume” of the Tang Dynasty, and then to the “Man Shu” and “Dian Lue” of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, these texts silently narrate the history of Pu’er tea. Viewing these yellowed pages is like savoring a cup of aged tea, with lingering sweetness that is worth our careful appreciation.

It has been said that the world’s understanding of Yunnan came from the steps of the mule caravans. The Tea Horse Road is another channel that bears the history of Pu’er tea. With modern transportation developments, we no longer see the arduous journeys of the mule caravans through the forest paths and cannot fully experience their hardships. Many people know that Pu’er tea is excellent but are unaware of the difficulties faced by the mule caravans. To help visitors understand the mule caravans better, the museum exhibits some of their artifacts. These mule packs were used to carry tea, and the uneven stones were trodden by mule hooves. The life of the mule caravan was monotonous, and to alleviate fatigue, the mule drivers made simple entertainment items, such as this chessboard stone. Looking at these artifacts, we can almost hear the sound of copper bells echoing through the forest, seeing the mules carrying Pu’er tea out of Yunnan and into the world, spreading the aroma of Pu’er tea far and wide.

In the past, all Pu’er tea was handmade. The wooden Pu’er tea molds and the ancient wooden tea kneading machines on display were used to make tea. Tea was produced in blocks using such simple equipment. Viewing these tea-making tools, we can imagine how the wisdom and hard work of the laborers in Pu’er were integrated into the tea-making process. This is why Pu’er tea has such a rich and mellow flavor today and why it has achieved its current status.

• Recommended Visit Duration: 20 minutes
• Latitude and Longitude of the Attraction: Longitude 101°5′50.964″, Latitude 22°39′0.0108″
• Best Photography Location: 10 meters in front of the museum’s main entrance
• Best Photography Coordinates: Longitude 101°5′51.5832″, Latitude 22°39′0.2668″

Chinese Name:景东县锦屏镇邦崴村古茶树
English Name:Bangwai Ancient Tea Garden of Wuliang Mountain in Jinping Town of Jingdong County, Puer
Bangwai Village is located 20Km away from the Jinping Town of Jingdong County, Bangwai Ancient Tea Garden(锦屏镇邦崴村古茶树) is one of the gardens of Wuliangshan Mountain ranges. There are three Bangwai Villages in Puer, Bangwai Village in Lancang County(普洱市澜沧拉祜族自治县富东乡邦崴村), Bangwai Village of Fudong Town in Jingdong County(普洱市景东县文龙乡邦崴村) and Bangwai Village of Jinping Town in Jingdong County(景东县锦屏镇邦崴村). We can also find some ancient tea in the tree villages.

Overview

• Chinese Name: 泸西县彝族撒尼人密枝节
• English Name: Mizhi Festival of Sani Ethnic People in Luxi County, Honghe
• Location: 泸西县午街铺镇林树村/Linshu Village, Wujiepu Town, Luxi County

The Mizhi Festival, also known as the “Mizhi Festival of the Sani Ethnic People,” is a vibrant traditional celebration held by the Sani ethnic group. This festival is deeply rooted in the cultural and spiritual life of the Sani people, marking important agricultural cycles and serving as a significant social occasion for the community.The Mizhi Festival is a vibrant celebration of community, agriculture, and cultural identity for the Sani people in Luxi County. Through a rich tapestry of rituals, performances, and communal activities, the festival not only provides an opportunity for the Sani people to express their gratitude for the harvest but also reinforces their cultural heritage, fostering bonds within the community. It serves as a beautiful representation of the rich diversity and cultural vitality found in Yunnan Province.

Background

1. Cultural Significance:
   • The Mizhi Festival is primarily a celebration of the harvest, particularly focusing on millet, which is a staple crop for the Sani people. The festival embodies themes of gratitude, community bonding, and the reaffirmation of cultural identity.
2. Timing and Origins:
   • The festival usually takes place in the fall, around the time of the millet harvest. The exact date may vary, often depending on the lunar calendar. The festival combines elements of ancient agricultural rituals with modern community celebrations.

Local Activities

1. Ritual Offerings:
   • The festival begins with ritual offerings to the ancestors and deities, expressing gratitude for the harvest and seeking blessings for future crops. These rituals may involve sacrifices of livestock, the preparation of special foods, and the recitation of traditional prayers.
2. Cultural Performances:
   • Dance and music are integral to the Mizhi Festival. Traditional Sani songs, dances, and dramatic performances are held, showcasing the rich cultural heritage of the community. Participants often wear traditional costumes adorned with colorful embroidery, enhancing the festive atmosphere.
3. Sani Cuisine:
   • Food plays a central role in the festival. Local delicacies made from millet, meat, vegetables, and various ingredients are prepared and shared among community members. The festival often features communal feasting, where families and friends gather to enjoy traditional dishes.
4. Games and Competitions:
   • Traditional games and competitions are organized, encouraging community participation. Activities may include athletic events, tug-of-war, and other traditional games that foster a spirit of camaraderie and fun.
5. Cattle Races:
   • In some regions, special events like cattle races or horse racing are organized as part of the festivities. These competitions not only serve as entertainment but also reflect forms of agricultural celebration and community spirit.
6. Art and Craft Displays:
   • Local artisans showcase traditional crafts, including textiles, pottery, and woodwork. Visitors can observe these crafts being made and purchase items, promoting local craftsmanship and cultural pride.
7. Community Bonding Activities:
   • The festival encourages social interaction and bonding among community members. Various group activities, storytelling sessions, and cultural sharing foster a sense of unity and collective identity.
8. Cultural Workshops:
   • Educational workshops may be held to teach participants about Sani traditions, agricultural practices, and the significance of the millet harvest. These workshops help preserve cultural knowledge and engage younger generations.

Overview

• Chinese Name:  泸西县洋芋好吃节
• English Name: Potato Festival in Luxi County, Honghe
• Location: Luxi County, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture

The Potato Festival in Luxi County is an annual celebration that honors the importance of potatoes as a staple crop in the region and highlights the agricultural heritage and cultural richness of the local communities. This festival has gained popularity not only as a means to promote local agriculture but also as a vibrant showcase of the region’s unique culture. The Potato Festival in Luxi County serves as a vibrant celebration of local agriculture, culture, and community spirit. Through a mix of delicious food, engaging activities, and cultural performances, the festival not only highlights the significance of potatoes in the local economy but also strengthens the bonds among community members and showcases the rich cultural heritage of the Hani and Yi peoples. It is an excellent opportunity for locals and tourists alike to experience the hospitality and traditions of this beautiful region in Yunnan Province.

Background

1. Cultural Significance: Potatoes are an essential crop in Luxi County, playing a crucial role in the local economy and diet. The Potato Festival celebrates the harvest season and promotes the cultivation of this versatile vegetable among the various ethnic groups in the region, including the Hani, Yi, and Han communities.
2. Timing and Location:The festival is usually held in late summer or early autumn, around the time of the potato harvest, providing a perfect opportunity for farmers to showcase their produce. Luxi County’s scenic landscapes and agricultural fields offer an ideal setting for the celebration.

Local Activities

1. Potato Cooking Competitions: One of the highlights of the Potato Festival is the cooking competition, where local chefs and home cooks create a variety of dishes using potatoes. These dishes can include traditional recipes, innovative creations, and unique cooking techniques, showcasing the versatility of potatoes in local cuisine.
2. Potato Exhibitions: Farmers display their best potato varieties, promoting different kinds of potatoes grown in the area. This includes not only the presentation of the produce but also educational segments that inform visitors about the cultivation techniques and benefits of potatoes.
3. Cultural Performances: The festival features vibrant cultural performances, including traditional music and dance from the local ethnic groups. These performances often reflect the history, traditions, and stories of the Hani and Yi peoples, adding a rich cultural dimension to the festival.
4. Market Stalls: Local vendors set up stalls to sell not only potatoes but also other agricultural products, handicrafts, and traditional foods. Visitors can enjoy sampling local delicacies, including snacks and dishes made with potatoes, as well as other regional specialties.
5. Games and Competitions: Various fun games and competitions are organized, encouraging community participation. These may include potato sack races, tug-of-war matches, and other traditional games that foster a spirit of camaraderie and friendly competition among participants.
6. Agricultural Workshops: Educational workshops and seminars may be held during the festival, focusing on sustainable agricultural practices, potato cultivation techniques, and innovative farming methods. These sessions aim to empower local farmers with knowledge and skills.
7. Culinary Tours: Visitors are often taken on culinary tours where they can learn about the process of growing and harvesting potatoes, visit local farms, and participate in potato-picking activities. This immersive experience deepens their appreciation of the agricultural practices in the region.

Basic Introduction

• Chinese Name: 泸西县高原梨节
• English Name:  Plateau Pear Festival in Luxi County, Honghe

Luxi Plateau Pears, a specialty of Luxi County in the Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province, are a nationally recognized agricultural product with geographical indication protection.

According to the “Guangxi Fuzhi” from the Qing Dynasty, the historical records include various fruits such as peaches, plums, and pears, suggesting that Luxi County has a history of over 250 years in pear cultivation. The flesh of Luxi Plateau Pears is white, with varieties such as Snowflake and Early White Honey being sweet, and Early Crisp and Beauty Crisp having a sweet-tart flavor. They are known for their thin skin, crisp, tender, juicy, and residue-free texture, with a small core and rich nutrition.

On May 22, 2014, the Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China approved the implementation of national geographical indication protection for “Luxi Plateau Pears.”

Product Characteristics

External Appearance Though the four varieties of Luxi Plateau Pears vary in size, shape, and color, they all exhibit a well-formed fruit shape and smooth surface. The red pear varieties, Early White Honey and Beauty Crisp, have a unique color with a red hue on the skin, making them visually striking. Each variety has distinctive external features: Snowflake pears are oval-shaped with a green-yellow skin that turns yellow with a waxy, glossy finish and prominent fruit spots; Early Crisp pears are oval with a smooth, shiny green-yellow skin and small or non-existent fruit spots; Early White Honey pears are egg-shaped with a yellow-white skin and red blush on the sunny side, featuring a waxy, glossy finish; Beauty Crisp pears are near egg-shaped with a pale white flesh and a yellow-green skin.

Internal Quality All four varieties of Luxi Plateau Pears have white flesh. Snowflake and Early White Honey varieties are honey-sweet, while Early Crisp and Beauty Crisp have a sweet-tart taste. They share characteristics such as thin skin, crisp and tender texture, juiciness, residue-free, small core, and rich nutrition. Specifically, the fruit hardness is ≥2.50 kg/cm², soluble solid content is ≥11.00%, total sugar is ≥7.00%, Vitamin C is ≥2.5 mg/100g, and moisture content is ≥80%.

Production Environment

Soil and Terrain The planting area of Luxi Plateau Pears is characterized by mountainous plateau terrain, with significant elevation variations from the northeast to the southwest. The eastern part is hilly, while the western part is a flat basin. The highest elevation in the region is 2459.3 meters, the lowest is 821 meters, and the average elevation is 1700 meters, suitable for planting at 1650–2150 meters. The soil types include red soil, yellow soil, yellow-brown soil, purple soil, lime soil, and paddy soil, with red soil, yellow soil, and yellow-brown soil being predominant, and a pH value of 6–8. The main planting areas are flat lands in the basin, gentle slopes in the hills, and semi-mountainous and mountainous regions.

Hydrological Conditions The Luxi Plateau Pear planting area is served by one river and six rivers, including the Nanpanjiang, Baima River, Jinma River, Xiaojiang River, Yusa River, Shaobu Bai River, and A’e River, all part of the Pearl River system, providing abundant water resources.

Climate Conditions The planting area has a low-latitude plateau—Northern subtropical monsoon climate. The climate features include mild winters, non-extreme summer heat, synchronized rain and heat, distinct dry and wet seasons, small annual temperature variation, and large daily temperature variation. The average annual temperature is 15.2°C, with an extreme high of 34.1°C and an extreme low of -7°C. The effective accumulated temperature is 4638.9°C, the average frost-free period is 267.7 days, annual rainfall is between 800–1100 mm, total annual sunshine hours are 2112.1 hours, and the relative humidity is 75%, which is suitable for growing Luxi Plateau Pears.

Historical Background

Luxi County has a long history of pear cultivation. According to the Qing Dynasty’s “Guangxi Fuzhi,” pears were included among various fruits, indicating a history of over 250 years in Luxi County. Records from the “Luxi County Chronicle” show that by 1978, there were over 5000 acres of pears with about 200 tons of production. In 1977, varieties like Dingshan Crisp, Snowflake, Golden Flower, and Early Crisp were successfully trialed, leading to over 2000 acres of new varieties by 1989. By 1991, Luxi County was designated as a quality pear production base county in Yunnan Province, marking the start of the development period for Luxi Plateau Pears. By 2013, the planting area had expanded to 150,000 acres with an annual production of 120,000 tons.

Production Situation

In 2013, the planting area for Luxi Plateau Pears was 10,000 hectares with an annual production of 120,000 tons.

Product Honors

On May 22, 2014, the Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China approved geographical indication protection for “Luxi Plateau Pears.” In December 2021, it was included in the third batch of the national list of famous, special, superior, and new agricultural products.

Geographical Indication

Regional Protection Scope The geographical indication covers eight townships in Luxi County: Zhongshu Town, Wujie Town, Baishui Town, Jinma Town, Jiucheng Town, Yongning Township, Xiangyang Township, and Santang Township. The geographical coordinates are 103°30′00″ to 104°03′00″ east longitude and 24°15′00″ to 24°46′00″ north latitude.

Quality Technical Requirements The quality control technical specification number is AGI2014-01-1433.

Safety Requirements The environmental conditions for Luxi Plateau Pears comply with NY5013-2006 “Hygienic Conditions for Pear Production Areas” and the production adheres to GB/T10650-2008 “Fresh Pears” regulations.

Specific Production Methods

1. Site Selection: Choose areas with an elevation of 1650–2150 meters, soil types including red soil, yellow soil, and yellow-brown soil with a pH of 6–8. The annual rainfall should be between 800–1100 mm, and annual sunshine hours should exceed 2000 hours. The area should be free from direct and indirect pollution sources, with fertile, deep, loose, aerated, well-drained soil and high organic matter content.
2. Variety Selection: The main varieties are Snowflake, Early Crisp, Early White Honey, and Beauty Crisp. Since 1977, various pear varieties have been introduced and trialed. Snowflake, Early Crisp, Early White Honey, and Beauty Crisp have shown suitability for the local unique climate and environmental conditions, with good performance. They mature early (5–8 days earlier than the pear production areas in Yunnan, 25–30 days earlier than the northern regions), are high-yielding, stable, with well-formed fruit, smooth surface, thin skin, small core, tender texture, few stone cells, juicy, and high soluble solid content (≥11.00%).

Overview

• Chinese Name: 泸西县彝族火把节
• English Name: Torch Festival of Yi Ethnic Minority in Luxi County, Honghe
• Location: 泸西县午街铺镇水塘村委会小河边村/Xiaohai Bian Village, Shuitang Village Committee, Wujiepu Town, Luxi County

The Torch Festival is the most sacred and grand traditional festival in the hearts of the Yi people, comparable to the Spring Festival of the Han nationality. The Torch Festival, also known as the ‘Star Return Festival,’ is celebrated as the ‘Eastern Carnival,’ embodying the Yi people’s beautiful wishes for a bountiful harvest, prosperous livestock, favorable weather, and the health of family members in the coming year. Xiaohai Bian Village is an ancient traditional Yi village with an ecological lifestyle, a rugged ethnic character, and authentic customs and practices. The ecological lamb soup pot is their favorite dish, and the dietary customs of the Yi people regarding lamb soup pots are characterized by their natural and lively qualities. Whether enjoyed in the village courtyard, in the mountains and fields, or at bullfighting arenas, the style is unique, and the customs are truly authentic.

Local Activities:

1. Torch Lighting and Procession: The festival often begins with the lighting of large torches, symbolizing driving away evil spirits and welcoming prosperity. The torches are carried in a procession through the villages, creating a lively atmosphere.
2. Traditional Performances: Festivities include traditional Yi dances and songs, showcasing the rich cultural heritage of the Yi people. Performers often wear colorful traditional clothing, adding to the festive spirit.
3. Feasting: Families and communities come together to prepare and share special foods, especially lamb soup pots. This communal dining experience fosters a sense of unity and celebration.
4. Games and Competitions: Various competitions are held, including traditional games such as wrestling, tug-of-war, and horse racing. These events are both entertaining and a way to demonstrate strength and skill.
5. Cultural Exhibits: Local artisans may showcase their crafts, such as weaving, embroidery, and pottery, allowing visitors to appreciate Yi cultural heritage.
6. Prayers and Rituals: Offerings and prayers are made to deities and ancestors, asking for blessings for a good harvest and the well-being of family members.
7. Sports Events: Besides traditional sports, there may be modern sports events that involve the whole community, promoting camaraderie and friendly competition.
8. Community Celebrations: Villagers often gather for group activities, storytelling, and sharing experiences, reinforcing community bonds and fostering a sense of belonging.

Basic Introduction

• Chinese Name: 元阳县彝族火把节
• English Name: Torch Festival of Yi Ethnic Minority in Yuanyang County, Honghe
• Location: 元阳县马街乡啊路嘎新寨/新街镇/Yuanyang County, Majie Township, Aluga New Village/New Street Town

The Torch Festival, also known as “Huojie(火节)” (Fire Festival), is a major traditional celebration for the Yi ethnic minority,this vibrant festival is infused with cultural  significance and showcases the unique traditions, customs, and social life of the Yi people. During the event, local performances featuring unique ethnic characteristics from the Yi, Hani, Dai, Miao, Yao, and Zhuang ethnic groups will showcase the charm of diverse ethnic cultures. Additionally, there will be performances such as cheongsam shows and erhu solos brought in from Shaanxi and other distant places, creating a unique fusion with the local culture. On stage, the singing of folk songs is filled with deep emotion; under the night sky, bonfires ignite waves of joy.

Origin of the Torch Festival

The Torch Festival has ancient roots that date back several centuries. It is traditionally celebrated on the 24th day of the sixth lunar month, coinciding with the harvest season. The festival symbolizes the Yi people’s gratitude to gods and ancestors for a bountiful harvest and serves as an occasion to pray for the well-being of the community.

Legend has it that the festival is linked to the myth of a mythical hero who lit torches to scare away evil spirits and protect the land. This symbolic act represents the triumph of light over darkness and embodies the community’s resilience and unity.

Local Customs and Activities

1. Torch Lighting Ceremony: The festivities typically begin with the lighting of large torches, made from wood and grass. Villagers gather to participate in this ceremony, which signifies the welcoming of the harvest season and the dispelling of evil spirits.
2. Parades and Processions: After the torches are lit, colorful parades take place. Participants, dressed in traditional Yi attire, take to the streets singing, dancing, and showcasing their heritage. This is a significant social event that brings together community members and highlights the richness of Yi culture.
3. Cultural Performances: Dance and music are central to the celebration. Traditional dances such as the “Axi Dance” are performed, characterized by intricate footwork and energetic movements. Musicians play traditional instruments like the “suhur” and “hulusi,” adding to the festive atmosphere.
4. Athletic Competitions: The festival also features various traditional sports and games, including wrestling, horse racing, and archery. These activities foster a sense of community and friendly competition, encouraging participation from all ages.
5. Culinary Traditions: Food plays a vital role in the Torch Festival. Families prepare local delicacies, often featuring grilled meats, rice dishes, and specialty snacks. Sharing meals fosters community and enhances the celebratory mood.
6. Rituals and Offerings: Many families perform rituals to honor their ancestors and deities. Offerings of food, wine, and incense are made, reflecting the Yi people’s strong spiritual beliefs and respect for their heritage.
7. Artistic Displays: During the festival, local artisans showcase their skills, featuring traditional crafts such as weaving and embroidery. This element not only highlights cultural heritage but also provides economic opportunities for artisans.

Significance of the Festival

The Torch Festival serves as a cornerstone for the Yi community, reinforcing social ties, cultural identity, and communal harmony. It is a time for reflection, celebration, and connection, where younger generations learn about their heritage and elders impart wisdom through storytelling and tradition.

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