Overview of Nali Village

Nali Village (那里村), located near the Yaduo River in Yuanyang County (元阳县), Honghe Prefecture (红河州), is steeped in the unique ethnic characteristics of the Dai people (傣族). With a population of 206 residents, all belonging to the Dai ethnic group, this picturesque village is characterized by its lush greenery and scenic beauty. The village, perched at an elevation of 250 meters, is developed with modern amenities such as concrete roads, basketball courts, and activity rooms, giving it a relatively affluent suburban appearance.

Pottery Tradition

The residents of Nali Village, like many other Dai people, have a long-standing affinity for pottery. Their history of pottery-making dates back thousands of years to the Neolithic period, and it includes a variety of traditional earthenware items. Villager Bai Yonglu (白永禄) explains that due to economic hardship in ancient times, families often resorted to making their own pottery items, including pots for cooking, jars for storage, and bowls for eating. Even today, this tradition persists, with a few families still crafting pottery that reflects their rich cultural heritage.

Craftsmanship and Community

The unique relationship between the people and their environment allows them to continuously create marvels in pottery-making. Currently, there are about seven to eight families still producing traditional earthenware items, particularly clay pots that serve practical purposes for cooking. These pots come in various shapes and sizes and are beloved for their rustic beauty and ability to retain heat, making food cooked in them flavorful and tender.

The Story of the “Magic Pot”

Bai Yonglu recounts an entertaining story about a farmer who once lived in the mountains and used a special clay pot for cooking. One day, while cooling his food outside, a passing muleteer noticed the pot was boiling without fire, leading to a humorous exchange where the farmer traded the pot for a mule. This story illustrates the local appreciation for their pottery.

Women’s Role in Pottery Making

Pottery in Nali Village is predominantly crafted by women, adhering to a long-standing tradition. The entire pottery-making process—from soil collection and preparation to molding and firing—is exclusively performed by women. Li Xiaomei (李小妹), a renowned potter born in 1929, has passed down her skills to her daughter-in-law, Li Xiufen (李秀芬), and her granddaughters. Li Xiufen continues to create and sell pottery, ensuring the tradition endures.

The Cultural Significance

The pottery-making process in Nali Village embodies the principles of patience and precision, reflecting the unique characteristics of Dai culture. On December 12, the village celebrates the “Clay Pot Festival,” attracting visitors and showcasing their rich traditions.

Economic and Cultural Development

With the successful UNESCO World Heritage application of the Yuanyang Hani Terraces, local tourism has flourished. Nali Village is actively promoting its pottery-making heritage and cultural tourism, holding annual festivals to display their traditional crafts. Bai Yonglu has even transformed an old house into a museum, featuring pottery exhibits for tourists.

Getting There

Nali Village is accessible via the secondary highway along the Yaduo River. Visitors can take public transport or drive from major cities in the region, such as Kunming (昆明) or Jianshui (建水). It’s advisable to check local transport schedules for the most convenient options.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The dry season from October to April is ideal for visiting Nali Village, as the weather is pleasant.
• Cultural Respect: Engage respectfully with the local community and their traditions. Participate in pottery workshops if available.
• Photography: Seek permission before photographing locals, especially during traditional ceremonies.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss out on trying local dishes served in traditional clay pots for an authentic experience.

Overview

Alu Lake (阿庐湖) is a prominent scenic area located in the northern part of Luxi County (泸西县), Yunnan Province (云南省), about 8 kilometers from the county seat. Nestled at the edge of the economic zones of Kunming (昆明), Qujing (曲靖), and Gejiu (个旧), it serves as Kunming’s “back garden” and the “northern gate” of Honghe Prefecture (红河州). The lake is 175 kilometers from Kunming and is recognized for its reservoir-type landscape, which features stunning morning mists that create a serene atmosphere. The scenic area is adorned with picturesque vistas, including reflections of the surrounding mountains on the water, enhancing its natural beauty.

Natural Resources

The primary water sources for Luxi County originate from the north, specifically from the Qujing Mountains. The region is home to several significant reservoirs:

• Alu Lake (阿庐湖): Also known as Banqiao River Reservoir (板桥河水库), it is revered by locals as the “Mother Lake.”
• Awei Reservoir (阿味水库): Another important reservoir in the area.
• Baishuitang Reservoir (白水塘水库): A freshwater lake-type medium-sized hydropower project.

These reservoirs contribute to the local ecosystem, and the majority of the water flow travels from north to south, ultimately merging into the Nanpan River (南盘江). Within the county seat lies Yibang Pool (矣邦池), which is also a significant water feature.

Key Attractions

Banqiao River Reservoir (板桥河水库)

Banqiao River Reservoir, or Alu Lake, has a total storage capacity of 79.4 million cubic meters and a normal water storage capacity of 72.2 million cubic meters. It irrigates approximately 144,000 acres, constituting 65% of Luxi County’s essential farmland. The reservoir serves as a vital water source for over 260,000 residents, providing drinking water and supporting agricultural activities in the region.

Scenic Features

The area is rich in natural beauty and biodiversity, featuring:

• Feilong Ascending to Heaven (飞龙上天): A stunning rock formation.
• Yanshi Stone (砚瓦石): A unique geological feature.
• Magpie Hollow (喜鹊凹): A serene spot popular among birdwatchers.
• Green Shade Pond (绿荫塘): A tranquil pond surrounded by lush greenery.
• Thousand Acres Flower Sea (千亩花海): A vast area filled with colorful flowers, ideal for photography.
• Yangmei Mountain Forest Area (杨梅山森林区): A dense forest perfect for hiking.
• Crazy Cave (疯子洞) and Crane Island (仙鹤岛): Interesting geological formations and scenic spots.
• “Bamboo Family Village” Leisure Farm (竹家庄): A cultural site offering local agricultural experiences.

Cultural Significance

The name “Alu” is rooted in local legend, attributed to a heroic general of the Yi ethnic group who defended the western borders. He died in battle near Banqiao River, and to honor his sacrifice, the area was named after him, symbolizing bravery and resilience.

Climate Characteristics

Alu Lake features a subtropical highland monsoon climate, with:

• Average Annual Temperature: Ranges from 15°C to 22.6°C.
• Summer (Rainy Season): Characterized by heavy rainfall, predominantly influenced by southwestern monsoons.
• Winter (Dry Season): Marked by sunny days and cooler temperatures, with less rainfall.
• Temperature Variations: Noticeable temperature differences exist between seasons, with cool autumns often affected by cold fronts.

How to Get There

To reach Alu Lake Scenic Area:

1. By Car: Drive from Kunming, which takes approximately 2-3 hours via highway.
2. By Public Transport: Take a bus from Kunming to Luxi County, followed by a short taxi or local transport to the scenic area.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring (March to May) and summer (June to August) are ideal for experiencing the vibrant flora and pleasant weather.
• Accommodation: Look for local guesthouses or hotels in Luxi County for a more authentic experience.
• Dining: Don’t miss local specialties, especially dishes made with Daqiao Fish (大桥鱼), known for its delicate flavor and nutritional benefits.
• Activities: Engage in boating, fishing, and hiking. Scenic walking trails along the lake offer breathtaking views and opportunities for birdwatching.
• Photography: Bring a camera to capture the stunning landscapes, especially at sunrise and sunset.

Experience the grandeur of Alu Lake and the rich history of the Silk Road in this enchanting human paradise, where nature and culture intertwine beautifully!

Overview

Mianyangchong Reservoir (绵羊冲水库) is located in Jianchuan County (建水县), Yunnan Province (云南省), China. This scenic reservoir plays a vital role in local agriculture and water supply, serving as a crucial resource for irrigation and drinking water for nearby communities. The reservoir is surrounded by beautiful landscapes, making it a popular destination for nature lovers and outdoor enthusiasts.

Features

• Type: Water reservoir
• Purpose: Irrigation, water supply
• Surroundings: Lush greenery, hills, and natural beauty
• Activities: Fishing, hiking, and photography

Accessibility

Mianyangchong Reservoir is easily accessible by road from the nearby towns and cities. Visitors can drive or take public transportation to reach the reservoir, making it a convenient spot for day trips and outdoor activities.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn offer the most pleasant weather for outdoor activities.
• What to Bring: Bring water, snacks, and appropriate footwear for hiking.
• Respect Nature: Follow local regulations to protect the environment and preserve the natural beauty of the area.

Location:

Overview

Guanyin Mountain Nature Reserve (观音山省级自然保护区) is located in the southern part of Yunnan Province (云南省), within Yuanyang County (元阳县) of Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族、彝族自治州). It is part of the southern section of the Ailao Mountain Range (哀牢山脉) and serves as the watershed between the Yuan River (元江) and the Tengjiao River (藤条江). The reserve consists of two unconnected areas in the east and west, covering a total area of 16,206.4 hectares, which accounts for 7.4% of the county’s total area. The main focus of the reserve is to protect rare animals and plants as well as natural vegetation.

• Chinese Name: 云南元阳观音山省级自然保护区
• Geographical Location: Within Yuanyang County, Yunnan Province
• Climate Conditions: Tropical monsoon climate
• Attraction Level: Provincial nature reserve
• Area: 16,409.9 hectares
• Type of Reserve: Forest, Ecosystem

Historical Background

• 1988: Established as a county-level nature reserve, covering an area of 16,409.9 hectares, approved by the Yuanyang County People’s Government (元阳县人民政府).
• 1994: Upgraded to a provincial nature reserve by the Yunnan Provincial People’s Government (云南省人民政府).
• 2004: Adjustments to the boundaries and area of the reserve were approved, reducing the area to 16,187.1 hectares.
• 2010: The Yuanyang County People’s Government applied for further adjustments to the boundaries, incorporating Xiguanyin Mountain (西观音山) into the management of the provincial nature reserve; the total area was updated to 16,206.4 hectares, with the eastern area covering 13,892.6 hectares and the western area 2,313.8 hectares.

Geographic Environment

Location and Terrain

Guanyin Mountain Nature Reserve is situated in the southeastern part of Yuanyang County, acting as the watershed between the Yuan River and the Tengjiao River. It extends in a northwest-southeast direction, bordered to the east and south by Jinping County (金平县), to the west by Huangmaoling Township (黄茅岭乡) and Panzhihua Township (攀枝花乡), and to the north by various towns in the county such as Xinjie (新街), Ganyang (嘎娘), and Shangxinjie (上新街).

• Eastern Guanyin Mountain: Geographical coordinates range from 102º48´35″ to 103º10´19″ East and from 22º50´31″ to 23º4´52″ North, covering an area of 13,892.6 hectares.
• Western Guanyin Mountain: Geographical coordinates range from 102º34´1.7″ to 102º41´0.5″ East and from 23º9´27.5″ to 23º12´59.8″ North, with an elevation range of 1,640 to 2,745.6 meters, covering an area of 2,313.8 hectares.

Geological Features

The reserve lies between the Ailao Mountain Fault (哀牢山断裂) and the Honghe Fault (红河断裂). The exposed strata are primarily ancient and include the Ailao Mountain Group (哀牢山群) from the Proterozoic era, with a limited presence of Cambrian and Silurian strata. The dominant rock types include deeply metamorphosed rocks from the Proterozoic and intrusive igneous rocks from the Indosinian period, with sedimentary rocks being relatively scarce. The highest peak within the reserve is Baiyanzishan (白岩子山), exposed as granite from the Indosinian period.

Landforms

The nature reserve is classified as part of the “Middle Mountain Canyon Area of the Southern Section of the Hengduan Mountains” and features a rugged terrain characterized by deep-cut canyons and steep valleys. The watershed formed by Guanyin Mountain separates the Yuan River and Tengjiao River, with elevations generally ranging from 2,600 to 2,700 meters in the northern section and from 2,000 to 2,200 meters in the southern section. The highest point reaches an elevation of 2,939.6 meters, while the lowest point is at 1,270 meters in the eastern region.

Protected Species

Flora

The reserve is home to 1,454 plant species across 708 genera and 196 families, including:

• 1 species classified as National Key Protected Species Level I
• 8 species classified as National Key Protected Species Level II
• 18 species classified as Provincial Key Protected Species in Yunnan

Additionally, there are 3 endemic plant species unique to Guanyin Mountain.

Fauna

The reserve hosts 83 species of mammals, 43 species of reptiles, 38 species of amphibians, and 186 species of birds, including:

• 5 species classified as National Key Protected Species Level I
• 13 species classified as National Key Protected Species Level II
• 22 species classified as National Key Protected Species Level II among birds

Cultural Significance

The area surrounding Guanyin Mountain is inhabited by various ethnic minorities, including the Hani (哈尼族), Miao (苗族), Yao (瑶族), and Yi (彝族). Forests have historically served as essential resources for these communities, underpinning their cultural identity and livelihoods. The stunning terraced fields and unique cultural elements further enrich the landscape, creating a diverse and attractive natural environment.

How to Get There

To reach Guanyin Mountain Nature Reserve, visitors can drive from Yuanyang County, which is approximately a 30-minute journey. Public transportation options, including buses and taxis, are available to the reserve. The nearest major city is Kunming, from where visitors can take a bus or hire a vehicle for the journey.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The ideal months for visiting are from late autumn to early spring, when the weather is mild and the scenery is beautiful.
• Clothing: Dress in layers, as temperatures can vary significantly throughout the day and elevation.
• Local Guides: Hiring a local guide can enhance your experience and provide insights into the rich biodiversity and cultural heritage of the area.
• Wildlife Watching: Early mornings and late afternoons are the best times for observing wildlife.
• Respect Nature: Follow local guidelines to preserve the natural environment and respect the cultural practices of local communities.

Location:

Overview

Huangcaozhou National Wetland Park (Huangcaozhou Guojia Shidi Gongyuan, 云南泸西黄草洲国家湿地公园) is located in Luxi County (Luxi Xian, 泸西县), Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (Honghe Hani Zu Yi Zizhi Zhou, 红河哈尼族彝族自治州), covering a total area of 309.16 hectares.

Location and Geography

Huangcaozhou National Wetland Park is situated in the southern part of Zhongshu Town (Zhongshu Zhen, 中枢镇) in Luxi County, bordered by Buyi Mountain (Bùyī Shān, 补衣山) to the east, Wenbi Mountain (Wénbǐ Shān, 文笔山) to the west, the southern urban planning road south of Huangcaozhou Village (Huángcǎozhōu Cūn, 黄草洲村) to the south, and Baxin Longtan (Bàxīn Lóngtán, 坝心龙潭) to the north. The geographical coordinates are approximately 103°45′06″ to 103°47′33″ East and 24°32′55″ to 24°29′38″ North.

Park Features

Huangcaozhou National Wetland Park is a stunning blend of nature and human civilization, showcasing the brilliant karst wetlands of the high plateau, serving as a paradise for numerous living creatures. The park features lush ecological wetlands, towering trees reaching towards the sky, and peaceful circular paths leading to shimmering lakes. Sunlight, trees, flowers, bridges, flowing water, beaches, and pavilions create a breathtaking environment where people and nature harmoniously coexist.

The park attracts a diverse crowd, with families and friends enjoying leisurely walks, playing on the beach, posing for photos, or resting in the shade, while couples whisper sweet nothings in secluded spots.

Historical Background

Historically, Huangcaozhou was known as Yibangchi (矣邦池, Yǐbāngchí) or Longdianhai (龙甸海, Lóngdiànhǎi) during the Ming (明朝, Míng Chāo) and Qing (清朝, Qīng Chāo) Dynasties, renowned for its unique natural beauty and ecosystem, drawing poets and scholars. The lake once covered a larger area of about 15 square kilometers. However, due to environmental degradation, the wetland has faced severe challenges, resulting in a significant reduction in size.

In 2016, Huangcaozhou was approved as a national wetland park pilot project by the State Forestry Administration (Guojia Linye Ju, 国家林业局), initiating its restoration journey.

Ecological System

The park has a diverse topography and geomorphology characterized by karst features, forming a composite wetland ecosystem comprised of karst marshes, lakes, rivers, and forests on karst hills. The clear water and excellent water quality provide an ideal habitat for various aquatic organisms, with open water areas and secluded wetland islands creating rich ecological niches.

The park is home to 128 species of wild vertebrates, including 20 species of fish, 49 species of birds (two of which are nationally protected), and numerous other mammals, reptiles, and amphibians. Plant diversity is also high, with 188 species recorded, including nationally protected plants like golden buckwheat (金荞麦, Jīnqiáomài).

Conservation Efforts

To protect these valuable biological resources, the Luxi County Wetland Park Management Bureau (Luxi Xian Shidi Gongyuan Guanliju, 泸西县湿地公园管理局) has implemented various measures, such as installing protective signage for flora and fauna, forming patrol teams, and conducting public education activities to raise awareness about ecological conservation.

Visitor Experience

Huangcaozhou National Wetland Park embodies the concept of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. Its charming bridges, sandy beaches, and quiet paths reflect a respect and love for the environment. Visitors can closely experience the beauty of nature and learn about the secrets of wetland ecosystems, while also participating in wetland protection initiatives.

How to Get There

By Car: Huangcaozhou National Wetland Park is easily accessible by car from Luxi County Town, approximately a 15-minute drive.

Public Transport: Local buses run to Luxi County, and visitors can take a taxi to the park from there.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) are ideal for pleasant weather and vibrant scenery.
• Respect Nature: Maintain a respectful demeanor, avoid littering, and follow park regulations to help preserve the environment.
• Local Cuisine: Enjoy traditional Yunnan dishes at nearby eateries, such as “crossing the bridge rice noodles” (过桥米线, Guòqiáo Mǐxiàn).
• Photography: Capture the stunning landscapes and wildlife, but be mindful of designated areas where photography might be restricted.
• Guided Tours: Consider joining a guided tour for deeper insights into the park’s ecology and history.

Location:

Overview

Hekou Martyrs’ Cemetery (Hekou Yaozu Zizhixian Lièshì Língyuán, 河口瑶族自治县烈士陵园) is located in Hekou Yao Autonomous County (Hekou Yaozu Zizhixian, 河口瑶族自治县), Honghe Prefecture (Honghe Zhou, 红河州), Yunnan Province (Yunnan Sheng, 云南省). The cemetery was established in 1952 and covers an area of 35,000 square meters. It is the final resting place for 1,034 martyrs who sacrificed their lives during the struggle to liberate Hekou and in the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam. Among the honored are three first-class combat heroes: Yan Long (岩龙, Yán Lóng), awarded the title “Lone Hero” by the Central Military Commission (中央军委, Zhōngyāng Jūnwěi); Shen Yulong (沈玉龙, Shěn Yùlóng), honored as “Heroic Militia” by the Kunming Military Region (昆明军区, Kūnmíng Jūnqū); and Zhao Zhonglin (赵忠林, Zhào Zhōnglín), recognized as “Iron Soldier” by the Kunming Military Region. Additionally, there are eight first-class meritorious individuals, 53 second-class meritorious individuals, and 189 third-class meritorious individuals. The cemetery is designated as a provincial-level memorial facility in Yunnan and serves as a national defense education base.

In October 2021, it was included in the public list of ethnic unity and progress education bases in Honghe Prefecture.

Hekou Shuitou Martyrs’ Cemetery

Hekou Shuitou Martyrs’ Cemetery (河口水头烈士陵园, Hékǒu Shuǐtóu Lièshì Língyuán) is located just five kilometers from the county town of Hekou (Hekou, 河口), separated from Vietnam (越南, Yuènán) by a river. Established in April 1979 and covering an area of 18 acres, it underwent renovation in 2005. The cemetery houses the remains of 358 martyrs.

Signage and Location

The sign leading to Hekou Shuitou Martyrs’ Cemetery indicates that it is situated beside the Shuitou Reservoir (水头水库, Shuǐtóu Shuǐkù) near Binglangzhai (槟榔寨, Bīnglángzhài). The memorial monument can be seen from a distance, with a driving range nearby.

Historical Background

On February 17, 1979, following orders from the Central Military Commission, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) (中国人民解放军, Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn) border defense forces initiated a self-defense counterattack against Vietnamese aggressors in the border areas of Guangxi (广西, Guǎngxī) and Yunnan. The cemetery has been named a “National Defense Education Base in Yunnan Province” (云南省国防教育基地, Yúnnán Shěng Guófáng Jiàoyù Jīdì), a “Honghe Prefecture Education Base for the History of the Communist Party” (红河州中共党史教育基地, Hónghé Zhōu Zhōnggòng Dǎngshǐ Jiàoyù Jīdì), and a “Patriotic Education Base in Hekou County” (河口县爱国主义教育基地, Hékǒu Xiàn Àiguózhǔyì Jiàoyù Jīdì) by provincial, prefectural, and county authorities.

Cemetery Features

The entrance gate bears the inscription “Shuitou Martyrs’ Cemetery” (水头烈士陵园, Shuǐtóu Lièshì Língyuán). Upon entering, visitors ascend steps to a wall engraved with three military medals, which states, “History has no ifs; war is for peace.” The front of the memorial monument is inscribed with Mao Zedong’s words: “The people’s heroes are immortal” (人民英雄永垂不朽, Rénmín Yīngxióng Yǒngchuí Bùxiǔ), while the side displays “Death is heavier than Mount Tai” (死重于泰山, Sǐ Zhòng Yú Tàishān).

In 2009, the Hekou County government included the Shuitou Martyrs’ Cemetery in a national restoration project. The renovations encompassed the memorial monument, memorial square, graves, surrounding walls, and walking paths. In 2014, construction began on the Shuitou Martyrs’ Memorial Hall (水头烈士纪念馆, Shuǐtóu Lièshì Jìniànguǎn), with a total investment of 3.9 million yuan and a building area of 1,001.77 square meters.

The martyrs’ graves are rectangular, arranged neatly among the mountains, with gravestones made of natural marble. They include soldiers who bravely sacrificed their lives during the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam in February 1979, as well as armed police officers who perished during the major flood disaster relief efforts in 1995.

Notable Martyrs

One of the martyrs honored at the cemetery is Yan Long (岩龙, Yán Lóng), a soldier from Unit 35205 (35205部队, 35205 Bùduì), 5th Company (五连, Wǔ Lián), 4th Platoon (四班, Sì Bān), who hailed from Jinghong County (景洪县, Jǐnghóng Xiàn), Yunnan Province. Yan Long joined the People’s Liberation Army in 1978 and became a member of the Communist Youth League (中国共产主义青年团, Zhōngguó Gòngchǎnzhǔyì Qīngnián Tuán) the same year. He participated in the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam in 1979. During the battle, he lost contact with his unit and advanced alone to within 100 meters of the enemy. He opened fire and fought valiantly for four hours, killing over twenty enemy soldiers before he was honorably martyred at the age of 19.

How to Get There

By Car: Hekou Martyrs’ Cemetery is approximately 5 kilometers from Hekou County Town. You can reach it in about 10 minutes by car.

Public Transport: Check local bus schedules for routes to Hekou, then take a taxi to the cemetery.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) offer pleasant weather and beautiful scenery.
• Respect the Site: Be mindful of the solemnity of the cemetery; maintain a respectful demeanor and dress appropriately.
• Local Cuisine: Try traditional Yunnan dishes in nearby restaurants, such as “crossing the bridge rice noodles” (过桥米线, Guòqiáo Mǐxiàn).
• Photography: Capture the memorials and beautiful surroundings, but be respectful of areas where photography may be restricted.
• Guided Tours: Consider hiring a local guide for a more in-depth understanding of the cemetery’s history and significance.

Location:

Overview

The Former Residence of Xiong Qinglai (熊庆来故居, Xióng Qìnglái Gùjū) is an important historical site located in Qinglei Village, Pengpu Town, Mile City (弥勒市, Mílè Shì), Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州, Hónghé Hānizú Yízú Zìzhìzhōu), Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng). Established during the Qing Dynasty under Emperor Guangxu (光绪, Guāngxù) between 1875 and 1908, it spans 1,055 square meters.

This residence is significant not only for its architectural style but also as a testament to the life and achievements of Xiong Qinglai, a notable figure in modern Chinese science and education. It stands as a patriotic education site that showcases his scientific legacy and contributions to mathematics.

On March 5, 2013, it was recognized as a national key cultural relic protection unit by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China.

Key Information

• Chinese Name: 熊庆来故居
• Location: Qinglei Village, Pengpu Town, Mile City, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province
• Period: 1893
• Area: 1,055 m²
• Protection Level: National Key Cultural Relic Protection Unit (7th batch)
• Approval Authority: State Council of the People’s Republic of China

Historical Development

The residence was constructed by Xiong Qinglai’s father, Xiong Guodong (熊国栋, Xióng Guódòng), during the Guangxu period. In 1999, it was designated as a provincial patriotic education base by the Yunnan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and the provincial government.

Key milestones in the residence’s history include:

• 2014: The Yunnan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology conducted field surveys and measurements, leading to a design plan approved by the National Cultural Heritage Administration.
• 2019: Funding was allocated for fire safety system improvements.
• 2022: The fire safety system was completed and passed inspection, ensuring the preservation of this important cultural site.

Architectural Layout

The residence’s layout reflects traditional southern Yunnan architectural styles, primarily a quadrangular courtyard layout known as a “siheyuan” (四合院). It consists of:

• Main Entrance: A grand entrance with intricate wood carvings and a plaque inscribed by renowned calligrapher Chu Tunan (楚图南, Chǔ Túnán), stating “Former Residence of Xiong Qinglai.”
• Main House: Features a double-eaved gable roof structure measuring 12 meters in width and 10.5 meters in depth, with a total height of 8.5 meters. Inside, it houses a collection of Xiong Qinglai’s works, documents, and personal items.
• Side Rooms (耳房, ěr fáng): These are used for additional living spaces. The southern side room was originally a study, while the northern one is adjacent to the ancestral hall. Notable calligraphy by Xiong Guodong adorns the walls.
• Living Room (客厅, kètīng): A simpler design, this area has a single-eaved roof and measures 6.4 meters wide and 5 meters deep, serving as a gathering space for family and guests.
• Inner Courtyard: The inner courtyard features two spacious areas, including an impressive bronze statue of Xiong Qinglai.
• Longevity Hall (寿堂, shòutáng): Located north of the kitchen, this hall is a prominent feature of the residence, characterized by a heavy-eaved roof.
• Ancestral Hall (祠堂, cítáng): Situated in front of the Longevity Hall, this single-eaved structure measures 14 meters wide and 7.1 meters deep. It displays an exhibition of Xiong Qinglai’s life, including photographs and a bust made of fiberglass.

Cultural Significance

Xiong Qinglai (熊庆来, Xióng Qìnglái, 1893–1969) was a pioneer in modern science and higher mathematics education in China. He studied at various institutions, including the Yunnan Higher School and later abroad, obtaining a master’s degree in science. Upon his return, he taught at several prestigious universities, including Southeast University and Tsinghua University.

His notable contributions include:

• Research in Complex Functions: Xiong conducted significant research in this area, leading to a well-regarded doctoral thesis titled “The Theory of Infinite Series of Meromorphic Functions,” known internationally as the “Xiong’s Infinite Series.”
• Educational Influence: Xiong was a mentor to many prominent mathematicians, including Hua Luogeng (华罗庚, Huá Luógēng) and Hu Kunsheng (胡坤升, Hú Kūnshēng).

In memory of Xiong Qinglai, local communities have named parks, roads, and schools after him, and his hometown was renamed Qinglei Village, reflecting his enduring legacy.

Travel Information

How to Get There

By Car: The residence is approximately 50.3 kilometers from the Mile City Government, taking about one hour by car.

Public Transport: Check local bus schedules for routes to Mile City and then take a taxi to Qinglei Village.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) are ideal for pleasant weather and beautiful scenery.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying traditional Yunnan dishes, such as “crossing the bridge rice noodles” (过桥米线, Guòqiáo Mǐxiàn) and local mushrooms.
• Cultural Respect: Be mindful of local customs and traditions, especially when visiting historical sites.
• Photography: Capture the unique architecture and natural beauty, but be respectful of areas where photography might be restricted.
• Guided Tours: Consider hiring a local guide to enhance your understanding of the historical significance and cultural context of the site.

Location:

Location and Historical Background

Baofenglong Shop (宝丰隆商号) is located at No. 42, Shengli Road (胜利路) (formerly Baofeng Lane, 宝丰巷), Gejiu City (个旧市), Honghe Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省), China. Construction commenced in 1916 (民国五年) and concluded in 1926 (民国十五年), making it a significant historical site. The shop occupies 7,714 square meters with a building area of 5,132 square meters, showcasing architectural elements that reflect a blend of Chinese and Western styles.

Baofenglong Shop is regarded as the only remaining tin mining smelting relic in the Gejiu area and is notable for being one of the largest and most influential tin smelting workshops during the Republic of China period. Its historical, scientific, and artistic values are high, contributing to its recognition as a national key cultural relic.

In 2013, the shop was officially designated as a national key cultural relic protection unit by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China.

Historical Evolution

• Early Republic Era (1912): Li Pin (李聘), a well-known merchant, constructed his private mansion, which laid the groundwork for Baofenglong Shop.
• 1916: Construction of the shop began.
• 1926: The shop was completed and opened for operations.
• 1951-2002: The premises underwent various transformations, serving as a detention center and drug rehabilitation facility. During this time, parts of the complex were demolished and repurposed.
• 2003: Management was transferred to the Gejiu City Cultural Relics Management Office, leading to preservation efforts.
• 2017: Comprehensive restoration of the site was undertaken.
• 2018: Fire safety engineering was completed.

Architectural Layout

The architectural design of Baofenglong Shop is characterized by a central courtyard that houses various structures, combining traditional Chinese architectural elements with Western influences. The entire site is constructed on a hillside, integrating naturally with the landscape.

Major Buildings

1. East Gate Tower (东门楼)
   • Features a four-slope water-style tiled roof with French red tiles.
   • Area: 743.5 m², five bays wide and two bays deep.
   • Contains a stone archway and double-leaf doors, with window frames made of stone.
2. French-Style Main Building (法式主楼)
   • A flat-roofed building surrounded by brick parapets.
   • Area: 842 m², five bays wide and two bays deep.
   • The exterior is finished in yellow, with stone archways and wooden windows.
3. Left Side Room (左耳房)
   • Features a single-eave hard roof made of gray tiles.
   • Area: 599.5 m², six bays wide and four bays deep.
   • The walls are made of silk-seamed blue bricks, adorned with wooden doors and windows.
4. Right Side Room (右厢房)
   • Mostly destroyed; only a corridor remains.
   • Area: 99.3 m², six bays wide with a floor paved with blue stone slabs.
5. Ancillary Rooms (配房)
   • A single-eave structure with a hard roof of gray tiles.
   • Area: 391 m², five bays wide and one bay deep.
6. Embroidered Building (绣楼)
   • A single-eave building with a four-slope tiled roof.
   • Area: 490.5 m², three bays wide and two bays deep.
   • Features stone-paved corridors and flooring finished with French tiles.
7. Left Watchtower (左碉楼)
   • A single-eave building with a four-slope tiled roof.
   • Area: 96.86 m², with shooting holes on the north, east, and south walls.

Cultural Activities

Notable artwork related to the shop includes “Review and Prospect—Material Cultural Heritage of Gejiu Baofenglong Shop” by artist Yin Xiaoyong (尹小勇), which is a copperplate print measuring 51×70 cm.

Protection Measures

On May 3, 2013, Baofenglong Shop was designated as a key cultural relic protection unit by the State Council, highlighting its significance in Chinese heritage.

Research Value

As a vital historical site, Baofenglong Shop serves as an important resource for studying the tin industry and culture in China, particularly during the Republic of China era. It is one of the best-preserved smelting sites in Yunnan and provides invaluable insights into the local economy and industrial practices.

How to Get There

Baofenglong Shop is located approximately 6.1 kilometers from the Gejiu City People’s Government. It takes about 10 minutes by car. Taxis and local transport options are available for visitors.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Weekdays tend to be less crowded than weekends, offering a more peaceful experience.
• Guided Tours: Check for guided tour options that provide in-depth historical context and access to areas not typically open to the public.
• Photography: Bring a camera to capture the unique architecture and historical details.
• Accessibility: Some areas may have uneven ground, so wear comfortable shoes for walking.
• Local Cuisine: Consider exploring local dining options nearby for a taste of Yunnan’s diverse culinary offerings.

Location:

Yisa Old Town (迤萨古镇) is located in Honghe County (红河县), Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省), China. The streets here are paved with cobblestones, and it’s common for a single street to have many twists and turns, with steep slopes making it feel like a maze. The town is situated on a mountain top and is famous for its quaint traditional architecture.

Historical Background

Yisa’s development into a town of overseas Chinese can be traced back to the prosperous industry and commerce during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912) and the Republic of China (1912-1949). It is said that as copper mines were exploited, the people of Yisa began to organize horse caravans for trade, leading to its transformation into a town of overseas Chinese.

The Yisa caravans used to trade various goods, including gold, silver, local specialties, herbs, salt, household items, and even opium. Wealthy businessmen invested in building large private houses. Exploring Nanmenjie Street (南门街), Dazhaijie Street (大寨街), and Dongmenjie Street (东门街) reveals well-preserved folk residences, characterized by two-story tile-roofed buildings with stone foundations, brick walls, and hip and gable roofs.

Town Characteristics

Yisa Town embodies a rich history of the Yunnan people. The narrow streets, steep paths, and the abundance of old houses reflect the unique character and faded glory of the past. Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1912) architectural styles are prominent, with intricately carved courtyards, floral decorations, and Western-style arches and round windows.

The architecture features a blend of Chinese and Western styles, including intricately decorated courtyards with elegant eaves, colorful glass windows, and even unusual features like crosses atop some buildings. The buildings evoke a sense of nostalgia and grandeur, suggesting that immense wealth was required to construct them in this remote mountain region.

Historically, Yisa was a hub for the horse caravan trade, especially during the late Qing Dynasty, which flourished until the decline of the copper industry. The town became renowned for its trading routes connecting to Southeast Asia, and Yisa’s caravan culture is considered a priceless treasure of Honghe.

Notable Sites

• Yao Zhaozong Residence (姚肇宗宅): Built between 1937 and 1944, this residence showcases a mix of Chinese and Western architectural styles, with a grand entrance and an intricate layout. It now serves as the Honghe County Museum (红河县博物馆), focusing on the caravan culture.
• Honghe County Museum (红河县博物馆): Divided into two sections, the museum primarily displays the caravan culture, showcasing artifacts and historical materials related to Yisa’s trading history.

Historical Evolution

Yisa was part of the Yuanyang Military and Civilian Government during the Ming Dynasty. Over the centuries, it transitioned through various administrative changes until it was designated as a town in 1984. Today, Yisa serves as the county seat of Honghe and is known for its historical significance.

The name “Yisa” in the Yi language means “dry and waterless place,” reflecting the town’s geographical conditions. Despite its arid environment, the perseverance of the Yisa people has created a vibrant culture of trade and resilience.

Getting There

To reach Yisa Old Town, visitors can take a bus or drive from the nearby cities of Kunming (昆明) or Jianshui (建水). The closest major airport is in Kunming, which offers domestic and international flights.

Travel Tips

1. Best Time to Visit: The ideal time to explore Yisa is during spring and autumn when the weather is mild and pleasant.
2. Local Cuisine: Don’t miss out on trying local dishes and street food. Ask locals for recommendations on where to eat.
3. Walking Shoes: Wear comfortable shoes as the streets are uneven and can be steep.
4. Photography: Bring a camera to capture the unique architecture and scenic views of the town.
5. Cultural Respect: Be mindful of local customs and practices, especially in residential areas.

Overview

Dongmen Tower and Yisa Folk House 红河县东门楼及迤萨民居 are located on Dongmen Street (东门街) in Honghe County (红河县), Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省). These historical buildings are a reflection of the rich cultural heritage of the mule caravan trade, featuring 11 ancient structures that include the East Gate Tower, mule caravan inns, and courtyard houses.

Dongmen Tower is the only remaining city gate tower in Honghe County. The complex includes nearly a hundred ancient houses, combining both Chinese and Western architectural styles, with a total area of approximately 7,850 square meters. The structures have a fortress-like appearance and have remained solid and stable for nearly a century. The main components of Dongmen Tower and Yisa Folk House include the Dongmen Tower, Yao Chu Residence (姚初民居), and Qian Erguan Residence (钱二官住宅).

On March 5, 2013, Dongmen Tower and Yisa Folk House were designated by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China (中华人民共和国国务院) as a seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Historical Background

• Construction: Dongmen Tower was first built in the 33rd year of the Republic of China (民国三十三年, 1944).
• Yao Chu Residence: Constructed in the early years of the Republic of China.
• Protection Planning: In 2022, the Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau of Honghe Prefecture (红河州住房和城乡建设局) planned for the preservation of Dongmen Tower and Yisa Folk House.

Architectural Features

The ancient buildings, including the East Gate Tower, mule caravan inns, and courtyard houses, serve as a microcosm of the history and culture of the mule caravan trade. Dongmen Tower is the only remaining city gate tower in Honghe County, and the structures exhibit a blend of architectural styles.

Main Buildings

• Dongmen Tower: Covers an area of 56 square meters, with a total building area of 168 square meters. It features a three-story brick structure with a double-sloped roof. The tower is rectangular, with an arched entrance inscribed with the characters “普天同庆,” serving as the sole entrance into the county from the east.
• Yao Chu Residence: This courtyard-style building connects to Dongmen Tower, covering 528 square meters with a construction area of 980 square meters. It features a three-story, three-entry courtyard design, with a fortified square appearance. The design incorporates shooting holes for defense, blending seamlessly into the sloped terrain.
• Qian Erguan Residence: Located at No. 33 Dongmen Street in Honghe County, this residence has a building area of 2,300 square meters. It features a two-story mixed brick and wood structure with a double-sloped roof. The layout is irregular, with various sizes of courtyards, creating an atmosphere of depth and intrigue.

Cultural Significance

Related Figures

Qian Wanxing, also known as Qian Erguan, was the 24th generation of the Gajian Wazha chieftain family. He built a residence for his concubine in the southeastern part of Yisa Town, which was later confiscated by the state for use as a detention center. The structure has been preserved intact.

Preservation Status

• 1992: Designated as a second batch of county-level cultural relic protection units by the Honghe County People’s Government (红河县人民政府).
• 2003: Recognized as a fourth batch of state-level cultural relic protection units by the Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture People’s Government (红河哈尼族彝族自治州人民政府).
• 2013: Announced as a seventh batch of national key cultural relic protection units by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China.

Travel Information

Location

Dongmen Tower and Yisa Folk House are located on Dongmen Street in Honghe County, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province.

How to Get There

Visitors can take public buses No. 2, No. 3, or No. 5 to the Baohuodagong Station (百货大楼站) and then walk to the site.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn are ideal for pleasant weather and scenic views.
• Nearby Attractions: Explore other historical sites in the region for a deeper cultural experience.
• Photography: The unique architecture provides excellent opportunities for photos.
• Local Cuisine: Enjoy local delicacies in nearby restaurants to enhance your visit.

Location:

Overview

Laihe Pavilion, originally named Haishan Pavilion (海山亭), is located in Xiaoruicheng Village (小瑞城村), Yilong Town (异龙镇), Shiping County (石屏县), Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省). It was built in the sixth year of the Chongzhen era during the Ming Dynasty (明崇祯六年, 1633).

Laihe Pavilion faces east and covers an area of 104.4 square meters. It is constructed in a unique octagonal wooden structure with a single eave and a spire roof. The pavilion’s architectural design cleverly connects it to the back wall of the Wenchang Pavilion (文昌阁), eliminating the need for two corners on the west side, making it a rare and uniquely styled structure. In front of the pavilion is Yuhua Terrace (雨花台), with side rooms connected to Wenchang Pavilion. The inscriptions, plaques, and statues on Laihe Pavilion reflect deep historical and cultural significance, along with artistic value.

On March 5, 2013, Laihe Pavilion was announced by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China (中华人民共和国国务院) as one of the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Historical Background

• Construction: Laihe Pavilion was originally constructed in 1633 during the Ming Dynasty.
• Reconstruction: It was rebuilt in the twelfth year of the Kangxi era during the Qing Dynasty (清康熙十二年, 1673).
• Further Developments: The Kuixing Pavilion (魁星阁) was established in the fifty-second year of the Kangxi era (清康熙五十二年, 1713).
• Renovation: In 2023, the Honghe Cultural and Tourism Bureau (红河州文化和旅游局) repaired Laihe Pavilion.

Architectural Features

Laihe Pavilion is an octagonal wooden structure, measuring 12 meters in width and 6 meters in depth, with a height of 8 meters. The base is made of earth with edges lined with bluestone and brick flooring. It utilizes six short columns with bracket sets that support the eaves. In front of the pavilion is Yuhua Terrace.

Main Buildings

• Pavilion: Width of 7.3 meters, depth of 6 meters, and height of 8 meters.
• Side Rooms: Symmetrically arranged on the north and south; for example, the southern room measures 3.5 meters in width, 3 meters in depth, and 3.5 meters in height.
• Wenchang Pavilion: Located to the west of Laihe Pavilion, it measures 10.7 meters in width, 5 meters in depth, and 13.5 meters in height.
• Kuixing Pavilion: Situated along the central axis to the west, measuring 9.4 meters in width, 9 meters in depth, and 12 meters in height.

Cultural Significance

Laihe Pavilion is adorned with a horizontal plaque inscribed with its name, and it features couplets by famous individuals. A statue of Lü Chunyang (吕纯阳) riding a crane and playing the flute is displayed inside. The southern side holds a stele titled “The First Pavilion Under Heaven,” comparing Laihe Pavilion with other renowned scenic spots and expressing a love for the hometown.

Historical Value

The inscriptions, plaques, and sculptures on Laihe Pavilion possess profound historical and cultural connotations and artistic value.

Preservation Status

• 1991: Designated as a second batch of county-level cultural relic protection units by the Shiping County People’s Government (石屏县人民政府).
• 1998: Recognized as a fifth batch of provincial-level cultural relic protection units by the Yunnan Provincial People’s Government (云南省人民政府).
• 2013: Announced as a seventh batch of national key cultural relic protection units by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China.

Travel Information

Location

Laihe Pavilion is located 150 meters south of Xiaoruicheng, Yilong Town, Shiping County, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province.

How to Get There

Laihe Pavilion is approximately 3.7 kilometers from the Shiping County People’s Government. Visitors can reach it by car or on foot.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The pavilion is best visited in spring or autumn when the weather is pleasant.
• Nearby Attractions: Consider exploring other historical sites in Shiping County after visiting Laihe Pavilion.
• Photography: The unique architecture and surrounding landscape provide great opportunities for photography.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying local dishes in nearby restaurants for a complete cultural experience.

Overview

Qihe Tower (企鹤楼) is located within Shiping No.1 Middle School (石屏一中) in Yilong Town (异龙镇), Shiping County (石屏县), Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省). The site covers an area of approximately 29,805 square meters and is a historic building complex from the Republic of China era.

Architectural Features

The Qihe Tower complex consists of several structures, including the Zhun Ti Pavilion (准提阁), Three Buddhas Hall (三佛殿), a stone arch bridge (石拱桥), a fountain pond (喷珠池), Qihe Tower itself, the main gate (大门), secondary gate (二门), wing rooms (厢房), and a stele pavilion (碑亭). Built upon the Zhun Ti Pavilion, Qihe Tower is flanked by the Zhun Ti Pavilion and Three Buddhas Hall, with additional buildings surrounding it. This layout creates two main courtyards that serve as dormitories and classrooms for students.

The tower was constructed to honor Mr. Chen Heting (陈鹤亭) for his significant contributions to local education. It features both traditional Chinese and Western architectural styles, showcasing remarkable craftsmanship and historical value.

In May 2006, Qihe Tower was recognized as a key cultural heritage site by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China.

Historical Development

• In the seventh year of the Tongzhi reign (1868), the Zhun Ti Pavilion was rebuilt.
• Qihe Tower was first constructed in the twelfth year of the Republic of China (1923) and completed in the eighteenth year (1929), initially named Shiping County Middle School (石屏县立中学).
• It was renamed Yunnan Province Shiping Middle School (云南省石屏中学校) in the twenty-second year (1933) and later became Yunnan Provincial Normal School (云南省立师范学校) in the twenty-eighth year (1939).
• In 1952, it was transformed into Shiping County No. 1 Middle School (石屏县第一中学).

In December 2014, the cultural bureau of Shiping County completed various assessments and documentation for the site. By March 2015, renovation plans were finalized, and in April 2015, the plans were approved by the National Cultural Heritage Administration.

Architectural Layout

Qihe Tower occupies an area of about 29,805 square meters, with a building area of around 13,982 square meters. The entire complex consists of the Zhun Ti Pavilion, Three Buddhas Hall, stone arch bridge, fountain pond, Qihe Tower, main and secondary gates, wing rooms, and stele pavilion.

Main Structures

• Main Gate (大门): Built of brick and stone with a symmetrical design featuring a stone arch and iron gates. It displays the inscription “County Middle School” and a stone plaque reading “Jiahui Shilin” by Governor Tang Jiyao (唐继尧).
• Secondary Gate (二门): Similar in structure to the main gate, it features an inscription “Cultivating Talents” and acknowledges donations made for its construction.
• Stele Pavilion (碑坊): This entrance structure includes three stone tablets detailing the school’s history and contributions.
• Qihe Tower: This central structure features a four-tiered roof, with intricately designed eaves and a circular window pattern.
• Fountain Pond (喷珠池): Located north of the tower, it is surrounded by a brick wall and is adorned with a stone bridge.
• Three Buddhas Hall (三佛殿): A traditional hall featuring a combination of architectural styles.

Cultural Significance

Qihe Tower showcases a harmonious blend of traditional Chinese and Western architectural styles, holding significant historical, scientific, and artistic value.

How to Get There

Qihe Tower is approximately 107.6 kilometers from the People’s Government of Shiping County. It takes about 1 hour and 25 minutes to drive there.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn are ideal for pleasant weather.
• Local Accommodations: Limited options are available; budget hotels range from 100 to 180 RMB, while hostels cost between 10 and 50 RMB.
• Transportation: Public buses run frequently within Shiping County, and taxis are available for local transport.

Location: