Chinese Name:个碧临屏铁路公司旧址
English Name: Ge Bi Shi Narrow Gauge Railway in Honghe

The Former Site of GeBi LinPing Railway Company is located 60 meters northeast of the intersection of Jinhu West Road (金湖西路) and Zhongshan Road (中山路).

Overview of GeBi LinPing Railway

The GeBi LinPing Railway, also known as the GeBi Stone Railway (个碧石铁路), began construction in 1915 and took 21 years and 5 months to complete, officially opening in 1936. This railway runs through several areas, including Gejiu (个旧), Bisezhai (碧色寨), Lin’an (临安, also known as Jianshui 建水), and Shiping (石屏), covering a total length of 177 kilometers. Its construction faced numerous hardships, relying on stock issuance to raise funds while simultaneously building and operating the railway until its completion.

Cultural Significance

Today, the Former Site of GeBi LinPing Railway Company has transformed into an important tourist attraction, drawing large numbers of visitors. Additionally, the site has become home to the “French Building” (法国楼) restaurant, a popular spot for locals.

The site holds significant cultural value, not only serving as a connection and complement to the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway (滇越铁路) but also witnessing a century of transportation history and the brilliant chapters of modern industrial civilization in Yunnan. For the people of Shiping, this railway embodies deep national sentiment and the spirit of “seeking change in adversity, daring to be first, valuing integrity and righteousness, and loving one’s country and hometown.” It reflects the dramatic changes and development of Shiping over the past century.

Overview

The Ge Bi Lin Ping Railway Company Old Site is located 60 meters northeast of the intersection of Jinhu West Road (金湖西路) and Zhongshan Road (中山路). The Ge Bi Lin Railway, also known as the Ge Bi Shi Railway, began construction in 1915 and took 21 years and 5 months to complete, officially opening in 1936. This railway connects regions such as Gejiu (个旧), Bisezhai (碧色寨), Lin’an (临安, now known as Jianshui 建水), and Shiping (石屏), spanning a total length of 177 kilometers. Its construction was challenging, relying on stock issuance for funding while operating simultaneously, ultimately leading to the railway’s completion.

Today, the old site has transformed into a significant tourist attraction, drawing numerous visitors. It now houses the “French House” restaurant, a popular spot for locals to gather.

Cultural Significance

The Ge Bi Lin Ping Railway Company Old Site holds immense cultural value. It is not only a connection and supplement to the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway but also a testament to the century-long history of transportation in Yunnan and the achievements of modern industrial civilization. For the people of Shiping, this railway embodies profound national sentiment and reflects the spirit of “seeking change in adversity, daring to be first, valuing honesty and righteousness, and loving one’s country and hometown.” It stands as a witness to the dramatic changes and developmental journey of Shiping over the past century.

Historical Context

The Ge Bi Lin Shi Railway’s surveying began in the second year of the Republic of China (民国), construction started in the fourth year, and it officially opened on October 10, 1936. This railway holds the record for the longest construction time in China and is the smallest railway in the country. It is also the only privately owned railway in China. The line is composed of segments built in sections.

• Elevation: Over 2000 meters
• Annual Cargo Volume: Only 83,000 tons
• Completion Date: October 10, 1936

Railway History

Yunnan’s mining industry has been significant since the Ming and Qing dynasties, with Gejiu’s tin industry experiencing explosive growth after the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway was completed. The demand for tin surged due to rapid development in shipbuilding and machinery in Western countries, leading to Gejiu’s tin being recognized for its superior quality.

Railway Development Background

The rising demand for tin prompted the expansion of mining operations and increased transportation needs. Before the railway’s completion, tin was exported through the Manhao port, taking several days to reach its destination. The opening of the railway reduced travel time drastically, which led to the cessation of slow water transport.

Railway Construction Initiatives

In late 1910, local businessmen, including Liu Xinyuan (刘新元), Guo Bucheng (郭步程), and Huang Shiyun (黄士运), petitioned the provincial governor for railway construction. The political climate following the Xinhai Revolution in 1911 reinforced their resolve. By 1912, local business owners secured funding through stock subscriptions, which ultimately gained governmental support.

Establishment of the Railway Company

The Ge Bi Shi Railway was defined as a privately funded project, which garnered significant public interest. The provincial government showed support by agreeing to co-invest. The “Ge Bi Shi Railway Company” was established in 1913, with funding from local shareholders and a significant loan from the Yunnan-Sichuan Railway Company.

Notable Figures

Chen Heting (陈鹤亭), a key figure in the railway’s construction, was born in 1874 and passed away in 1931. He played a pivotal role in financing and developing the railway, ensuring its completion as China’s only privately owned railway.

Construction and Challenges

The railway was built with a narrow gauge of 6 inches due to political and geographical considerations. The challenging terrain over 2000 meters elevation required careful planning and adjustments in design.

Operational Era

The railway formed a “T” shape, connecting Bisezhai and Gejiu through Jijie, with the Shiping section completing in 1936. The grand opening celebrated the end of a transportation era in southern Yunnan.

Locomotives

The railway’s locomotives were imported from the United States, France, and Germany, with modifications made to meet operational demands.

Transformation and Decline

The years before the Second Sino-Japanese War marked the peak of railway operations, but war significantly disrupted transportation and production. By 1943, the railway transitioned to a military-controlled entity.

Conclusion

In 1990, the railway ceased freight operations, marking the end of its role in Yunnan’s economic and cultural landscape. However, its legacy remains in the hearts of the people, who remember the once-bustling railway.

How to Get There

To reach the Former Site of GeBi LinPing Railway Company, you can take local public transportation or a taxi to the intersection of Jinhu West Road and Zhongshan Road. The site is easily accessible within the city limits.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn offer pleasant weather for exploration.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying local specialties at the “French Building” restaurant.
• Photography: Bring your camera to capture the beautiful architecture and surrounding scenery.
• Guided Tours: Consider joining a guided tour for a more in-depth understanding of the railway’s history and cultural significance.

Location:

Chinese Name:个碧临屏铁路公司旧址

Overview of the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway (滇越铁路)

The Yunnan-Vietnam Railway was designed and constructed by the French at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. It connects Kunming (昆明) in China to Haiphong (海防港) in Vietnam via the Hekou (河口) border. This narrow-gauge railway is considered the first railway in Southwest China, running in a north-south direction. The British Daily once described it as the third largest engineering project in the world, comparable to the Suez Canal and the Panama Canal.

This travelogue focuses on the western branch of the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway, specifically the old railway site of GeBi LinPing (个碧临屏). A complete travel guide covering the entire Yunnan-Vietnam Railway will be provided later.

Construction of the Vietnamese section of the railway began in 1901 and was completed in 1903, while the Chinese section started in 1904 and was completed on March 30, 1910. The railway runs from Kunming North Station (昆明北站) to Haiphong Station (海防站) in Vietnam, covering a total length of 859 kilometers (465 kilometers in China and 394 kilometers in Vietnam) with 34 stations. Most of the stations in the Yunnan section have since been demolished or downgraded to passenger and freight stops, with only a portion remaining operational as of June 2003. The Kunyu River Railway, completed in 2014, has taken over the primary transportation tasks previously handled by the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway.

Historical Background

In the early 19th century, British and French colonizers invaded Southeast Asia and Yunnan, competing for control. France sought to exploit Yunnan’s rich mineral resources and planned to build a railway in the late 19th century for this purpose. In 1885, France secured “protectorate” status over Vietnam through the Sino-French War and gained trading and railway-building rights in several provinces in Southwest China. In 1895, using the excuse of their role in the “Three Nations Intervention” (Japan), France forced the Qing government to sign the “Supplementary Commercial Treaty,” granting them the right to extend the Vietnamese railway into China. In 1903, the Sino-French agreement on the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway was signed, leading to the establishment of the French Yunnan-Vietnam Railway Company.

Bi Se Zhai Station (碧色寨站): A Historical Hub and Museum

The first stop on the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway is Bi Se Zhai Station (碧色寨站). It is not just a train station; it is also a village located at the foot of a mountain, facing the rippling waters of Changqiao Sea (长桥海). Initially, it was home to only a few families, originally named “Po Xin” due to its hillside location. A French official stationed in Mengzi (蒙自) discovered its beautiful mountain-sea landscape and renamed it Bi Se Zhai.

On February 25, 1909 (or April 15, 1909), narrow-gauge trains from French Indochina entered Bi Se Zhai, establishing it as a special station. This quickly turned Bi Se Zhai into a bustling transfer station and trade market, a key hub for Yunnan’s import-export trade, and a “Little Paris” where domestic and foreign merchants gathered.

On April 1, 1910, the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway was fully operational. In 1936, the Ge Bi Shi Cun (个碧石寸) railway also connected here, attracting even more merchants to Bi Se Zhai. This site is a testament to China’s revolutionary history and the rise of the nation, intertwining with the narratives of industrial development, railway culture, Flying Tiger culture, caravan culture, merchant culture, and the glorious history of the National Protection Movement and Southwest Associated University.

Bi Se Zhai Station features two railway historical museums: the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway Historical Culture Park (滇越铁路历史文化公园) and the Cun Gui Railway Theme Park (寸轨铁路主题公园).

Yunnan-Vietnam Railway Historical Culture Park

At the entrance to Bi Se Zhai Station, a marker indicating the Tropic of Cancer, left by French engineer Nifris during the construction from 1903 to 1909, can still be seen. This station is also a witness to the National Protection Movement, as in December 1915, Cai E (蔡锷) returned to Yunnan via Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Vietnam to lead the movement against Yuan Shikai (袁世凯) and survived an assassination attempt at Bi Se Zhai Station on December 19, arriving in Kunming thereafter.

The Role of Bi Se Zhai in History

Commercial Hub

The railway became a significant commercial hub, drawing numerous foreign and domestic businesses. Notable companies included the Datong Company (大通公司) operated by Chinese, the Capot Company (加波公司) by French merchants, the Asia Oil Company (亚细亚水火油公司) by British merchants, and the Mobil Oil Agency (美孚三达水火油代办处) by American merchants. Bi Se Zhai was known as “Little Paris” and “Little Hong Kong,” where merchants would meet at hotels, teahouses, and cafés, conducting business in a vibrant multicultural environment.

Historical Impact

The Yunnan-Vietnam Railway played a vital role during the Second Sino-Japanese War, serving as a key transport route for international aid to China. Despite frequent bombings by Japanese aircraft, the railway remained crucial for logistics, demonstrating the resilience of the Chinese military and civilians who fought tirelessly to maintain its operation.

Commemorative Sites and Legacy

Monuments and Reminders

Many structures and monuments in Bi Se Zhai commemorate its rich history. The three-faced clock, manufactured in Paris in 1910, remains a symbol of the station. The site has witnessed numerous transformations, embodying the stories of both romance and hardship.

In 1943, the Chinese government announced the severance of diplomatic ties with the Vichy government in France and took over the Yunnan segment of the railway. The Sino-French New Treaty signed in 1946 formally restored the railway to Chinese control.

By December 1957, the segment from Bi Se Zhai to Hekou was completed, restoring full operations after a 17-year hiatus. However, disruptions continued into the late 20th century due to conflicts and destruction during the Sino-Vietnamese War.

Recent Developments

In March 2019, the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway successfully established an intercontinental sea-rail transport route, marking a new chapter in its long history. The site was designated a provincial-level key cultural relic in 1987, and in July 2015, it was recognized as a national key cultural relic.

In conclusion, Bi Se Zhai serves not only as a historic railway station but as a living museum that embodies the dynamic history and cultural intersections of Yunnan (云南) and its connections to Vietnam (越南).

1. Cun Gui Railway Theme Park (寸轨铁路主题公园)

The Cun Gui Railway Theme Park is located adjacent to the “Dian-Yue Railway Historical and Cultural Park,” just a few hundred meters away. The Ge Bi Shi Railway, also known as the Ge (旧) Bi (色寨) Lin (安) (石) Ping Railway, began construction in May 1915 and was fully operational by October 10, 1936. This railway is noted for being the longest in the history of Chinese railways, reflecting the arduous journey of private enterprise in China. The Ji (街) Lin (安) Railway was initiated in October 1918 and completed in October 1928, taking a decade to finish. It was later extended from Lin’an City to Shiping in 1929 and completed in 1936, referred to as the Lin Ping Railway, which took eight years to build.

The initial aim of the Ge Bi Shi Railway was to facilitate the transportation and trade of tin from the Gejiu (个旧) mines, primarily operated by investors from Jianshui (建水) and Shiping (石屏). The transport of tin and materials for mining was primarily conducted using pack animals, which limited the growth and development of the tin industry. In the year that the Dian-Yue Railway opened, local gentry from Gejiu, Jianshui, Shiping, and Mengzi (蒙自) petitioned to use the tin funds from the Dian-Sichuan Railway Company to finance the construction of the Ge Bi Shi Railway.

What they desired was a railway under their control, free from foreign domination. They were tired of the arrogance and exploitation by the French and sought to escape the humiliation of foreign interference. The Dian-Yue Railway was already established, and they could not allow the Ge Bi Shi Railway to be easily taken over. The process of securing construction rights was fraught with difficulties, as the French exerted pressure due to the potential profits from tin and business opportunities in southern Yunnan. After numerous petitions, efforts, and with strong support from Governor Cai E (蔡锷) of Yunnan, the construction rights ultimately remained with the provincial government and local gentry. The Ge Bi Shi Railway Company was established in 1913, marking the beginning of this important infrastructure.

The 177-kilometer route of the Ge Bi Shi Railway was constructed in three phases. The first segment was from Gejiu to Mengzi Bise Zhai (碧色寨), mainly aimed at solving the external transportation of Gejiu’s large tin output.

The segment from Ji Street (鸡街) to Lin’an City was known as the Ji Lin Railway. Before construction commenced in 1917, the provincial government reclaimed its invested capital, and the Ge Bi Shi Railway transitioned from a government and commercial partnership to a fully private enterprise, relying entirely on local gentry for its construction. The Ji Lin Railway took ten years to complete, opening in October 1928, and was later extended to Shiping in 1936.

The construction of the Ge Bi Shi Railway involved significant effort, including tunneling and bridging. The average annual progress was less than 10 kilometers due to the lack of technical expertise, as French engineers handled the surveying and design. To prevent the French narrow-gauge locomotives from accessing the railway and to save costs, a gauge of 0.6 meters was adopted. This ultimately resulted in slow speeds and inadequate transport capacity.

Lessons learned from the Ji Lin Railway were applied in its planning, with American-educated engineer Sa Fu Jun (萨福钧) and Li Guo Jun (李国钧) appointed as chief engineers. A compromise was reached to lay narrow-gauge tracks on a standard-gauge foundation for future upgrades. The Lin Ping Railway was constructed similarly.

In 1957, the Ge Bi Shi Railway was nationalized, ending its private history. By 1970, the narrow gauge was converted to standard gauge, finally connecting with the Dian-Yue Railway. The foresight of the original designers and gentry enabled rapid upgrades. However, the segment from Ji Street to Gejiu remained unmodifiable due to inherent design flaws.

In 2003, passenger services on the Ge Bi Shi Railway ceased, and by 2010, freight operations also ended. The narrow-gauge trains had seats facing each other, resulting in cramped conditions. Operational issues often caused delays, with trains unable to maintain their designed speed of 25 kilometers per hour.

On inclines, the train struggled, often only reaching speeds of around 10 kilometers per hour, leading to the saying that “trains are not faster than cars, and we are reliant on foreign routes.” In 1937, the “Wuli Chong Fortress” train robbery incident exemplified the challenges faced.

Despite these difficulties, the narrow-gauge trains served as the primary means of passenger and freight transport for the regions of Jianshui, Shiping, Gejiu, and Mengzi, connecting these isolated areas to the outside world.

Tips

Transportation Guide: Take a train to Mengzi Station (generally not “Mengzi North Station”). A small shuttle from the exit costs around 20-30 RMB to Bise Zhai Train Station (the old site), 14 km away. For an in-depth exploration of the history of the Dian-Yue Railway, it’s recommended to stay overnight in Bise Zhai. Accommodation options can be found in my travelogue titled “Solo Traveler’s Spring Journey in Yunnan and Guizhou” (独行客云贵高原48天春游) at Travelogue Link.

2. French Garden (法国花园)

The French Garden is located by the South Lake in Mengzi (蒙自), featuring a standalone building. It once housed the “French General Administration of the Dian-Yue Railway,” the “Italian Consulate in Mengzi,” and the “French Railway Supervisory Authority.” It served as a bar for foreigners in Mengzi and was near several historical sites, including the French Prison and the Yunnan Customs.

Tips

You can explore the aforementioned historical sites while enjoying a stroll along South Lake. For more details, refer to my travelogue at Travelogue Link.

3. Former Site of Southwest Associated University in Mengzi (西南联大蒙自分校旧址)

This site represents the students who transferred at Bise Zhai Train Station. The museum’s exhibits narrate the history of Southwest Associated University during the Anti-Japanese War. During this period, many faculty and students traveled from Hong Kong to Vietnam and then took a train to Mengzi. Notable cultural figures like Wen Yiduo (闻一多), Zhu Ziqing (朱自清), and others enriched the cultural atmosphere of Kunming, making it a cultural hub.

4. Gejiu Station and “Ge Bi Lin Shi Railway Exhibition Hall” (个旧站 + 个碧临石铁路陈列馆)

The Ge Bi Shi Railway is also known as the Ge (旧) Bi (色寨) Lin (安) (石) Ping Railway. The Gejiu Station operated from 1921 to 2005 and featured a gauge of 600 millimeters (commonly referred to as “narrow gauge”). It was located 34 kilometers from Ji Street Station and classified as a fourth-class station by the Kunming Railway Bureau. The station has since been abandoned, with only the dilapidated station building and a famous barbecue restaurant remaining. A railway park is located by the lake behind the station.

The Ge Bi Shi Railway Company was founded in 1913 and was the only privately operated narrow-gauge railway company in the region. The Ge Bi Shi Railway Exhibition Hall is now a private “French restaurant” on the first floor.

Upon entering, the friendly security staff allowed me to take photos of the antique gas lamps and the fireplace. The gas lamps, which have been illuminating since 1920, are a historic feature, and the area is famous for its unique granite staircase.

Exhibition Hall

The second floor features the Ge Bi Shi Railway Exhibition Hall, showcasing several rooms with detailed exhibits on the significant history of the Dian-Yue Railway. The staff was initially reluctant to allow photographs but eventually complied due to national regulations that classify such institutions as public service projects.

In the old Gejiu Station, antique pressure water pumps were displayed casually in the streets. The passageway leads directly to the lakeside railway park.

Tips

Gejiu City has two railway historical sites: Gejiu Station and the Ge Bi Lin Shi Railway Exhibition Hall. It is recommended to visit Ji Street Station, the exhibition hall, and the Shadian Great Mosque together. Entrance to the old station site and railway relics park is free. The location is across from the city epidemic prevention station on Donghu East Road in Gejiu City, which is small and easy to miss. Buses 1, 4, and 7 from the Gejiu Passenger Transport Station can take you directly there.

5. Ji Street Station – A Railway Station Preserving Both Narrow and Standard Gauge Tracks (鸡街车站)

The Ji Street Station is unique in China for preserving both narrow and standard gauge tracks. Established in 1918 and operational by 1921, it ceased operations in 2013. The main building features a blend of Western and Chinese architectural styles and serves as the central hub for the Ge Bi Shi Railway, connecting Mengzi, Gejiu, Jianshui, Shiping, Kaiyuan, and Kunming.

This station is a physical testament to the efforts of local entrepreneurs against foreign influence, as it was built by local investors to protect their interests. The station was designed as a historical monument, becoming an essential part of China’s railway culture.

While the station has deteriorated significantly, its rich history makes it worth a visit. Photographs of the original railway station, the surrounding street scenes, and the preserved railway tracks create a fascinating connection to the past.

The former site of the Ge Bi Lin Ping Railway Company in Gejiu City is a remarkable destination for history enthusiasts. Through its preserved sites, museums, and thematic parks, visitors can delve into the ultimate story of local resistance, adaptation, and cultural evolution in the face of foreign domination, all centered around the fascinating history of rail transport in Yunnan.

JiJie Station (鸡街车站)

JiJie Station Platform
Tips:

• Detailed Address: JiJie Town, Gejiu City (个旧市鸡街镇).
• Transportation Tips: You can take a minibus from Gejiu Passenger Center (个旧客运中心) to JiJie, or take a bus to Jianshui (建水) or Kaiyuan (开远) and get off at JiJie Town. A short 5 yuan motorcycle ride will take you there (walking is possible, but it can be tricky to find).
• Nearby Attractions: Don’t miss the Shadian Grand Mosque (沙甸大清真寺), located about 2 km from JiJie.

Shadian Grand Mosque (沙甸大清真寺)
Located at the junction of Gejiu (个旧), Kaiyuan (开远), and Mengzi (蒙自), it was built in the 23rd year of the Kangxi era (1684) and spans 21,000 square meters, making it the largest mosque in Southwest China. The mosque is frequented by the Hui people (回族).

The main hall (礼拜殿) features a Chinese palace-style architecture with the main hall, minaret, and lecture hall among its components. The main hall can accommodate 10,000 worshippers. The mosque, a masterpiece of Islamic architecture in China, was unfortunately destroyed in the 1975 “Shadian Incident.”

LinAn Station – Ride the Meter Gauge Train and Explore the Ancient City

Two Highlights: LinAn Station (临安站) + Meter Gauge Train (米轨小火车).
Ride the meter gauge train to see the ancient city of Jianshui (建水). The train operates on the century-old GeBi LinPing Railway (个碧临屏铁路), originally a narrow gauge railway that was converted to meter gauge in 1970. It is known for the title “The First Train of the Millennium Ancient City.”

Operating LinAn Station
Since the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway (滇越铁路) opened in 1910, LinAn Station is located about 20 kilometers from Jianshui across the Nanpan River (南盘江), connecting passengers from Jianshui to cities like Kunming (昆明) or Kaiyuan, and even Vietnam. Initially, people were astonished and fearful of the train’s power, but this soon turned into admiration and longing.

LinAn Station and LinAn Ancient City Meter Gauge Train Theme Park
LinAn City opened on October 10, 1928, with the GeBi Railway operating in 1936. Along the 58 kilometers of railway in Jianshui, there are eight stations from east to west: Malishu (麻栗树), Datian Mountain (大田山), Miandian (面甸), Wulichong (五里冲), Nanyingzhai (南营寨), LinAn, Xianghuai Bridge (乡会桥), and Xiapo (下坡处). The longest distance between stations is 9 kilometers, while the shortest is just 5 kilometers.

In May 2015, a tourist train was launched on the railway segment between Jianshui and Tuanshan Village (团山村), connecting the ancient city of LinAn with the historical cultural village of Tuanshan, alongside the Lijiang River (泸江) and various historical sites. The traditional village life exists harmoniously in picturesque surroundings.

Inside LinAn Station and LinAn Ancient City Meter Gauge Train Theme Park
The little train offers free meals, making it a delightful journey!

Reflective Moment
In the words of Bai Yansong (白岩松) in “Are You Happy?”: “If you walk too fast, your soul lags behind; I need to wait for it.” Sometimes we really need to pause and reflect. Hop on the train from LinAn Station to Tuanshan Station, slowly enjoying the scenery, feeling the gentle wind on your face, and listening to your heartbeat.

LinAn Station and LinAn Ancient City Meter Gauge Train Theme Park
Jianshui is indeed a wonderful place for solo travelers. In this border town, it’s easier to hear your own voice, which tells you that the world is broader than you think. This may explain why I’ve visited Jianshui Ancient City twice in half a month, staying for several days each time.

Small Train Carriage
Inside the small train carriage, complimentary meals are offered. Occasionally, one can find a serene spot in nature or an unknown bustling market, savoring the essence of life while escaping the noise of the world.

The Journey
Every road has its winds and waves; there will be solitude, sadness, and endless hope. This journey may be brief yet long, eventually converging into a vibrant spectacle!

Dreams and Memories
“Create the gentlest dreams, filled with the rush of life. In the vastness of time and space, we continuously lose, but we will also witness life’s journey.”

Double Dragon Bridge (双龙桥)
Crossing through the crowd, moving through the human world, I still remember the distant past. There must be a place deep within the soul, forever floating on the surface of the sea, flying in the air—always light, always passionate…

Xianghuai Bridge Station (乡会桥站) Old Site
While riding the tourist train, experience the historical significance of the Double Dragon Bridge (十七孔桥) to Xianghuai Bridge and Tuanshan Village, feeling the blend of French architecture and traditional Chinese wooden structures. Discover the 600-year history of Tuanshan Village (团山村) from the late Qing Dynasty, with its rich hues and tranquil atmosphere.

Tuanshan Village
In the ancient alleys, the presence of historic figures is no longer visible. Only the early spring sun, along with the gentle breeze, washes away the dust of time.

Tuanshan Station
During that time, the Tuanshan and Xinfang areas were home to many notable tin mine operators from Gejiu. As Jianshui had many shareholders, the head was naturally a local. The Tuanshan locals actively invested in railway construction. Although Tuanshan had no station, the train would stop for a minute for locals to board and alight.

LinAn Station and LinAn Ancient City Meter Gauge Train Theme Park
The Jianshui little train and its countryside scenery recreate my imagined travel experience, reminiscent of the most beautiful summer in films—blue skies, white clouds, green grass, villages, courtyards, and the sounds of cicadas, flowing water, and rustling leaves…

Transportation Tips:
You can reach Jianshui by train or bus. The little train runs twice daily. Ticket prices for round trips during peak season (August 1–31) are 120 yuan for hard seats and 150 yuan for soft seats. One-way tickets are 80 yuan for hard seats and 100 yuan for soft seats. Note: Discounts are available for students, seniors, military personnel, and others. The little train schedule may increase during public holidays. Follow the “Jianshui Ancient City Little Train” WeChat account or call for inquiries: 0873-7888655, 7889855.

Jianshui Ancient City Gate
Jianshui, formerly known as LinAn (临安), was established during the Tang Dynasty over 1,200 years ago. Legend has it that Kublai Khan named it LinAn to mock the Southern Song capital of Hangzhou (then called LinAn). Known for its rich cultural heritage and historical significance, Jianshui is a county under the Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州).

My Colorful World
On the streets of Jianshui, people come and go, bustling with life, as if washing away the bleakness of existence.

Jianshui Purple Pottery
One of China’s four famous pottery styles, Jianshui Purple Pottery (建水紫陶) has over 900 years of history since the late Song Dynasty. Don’t forget to visit the Purple Pottery Street.

Culinary Delight
Don’t miss the roasted tofu, featured on “A Bite of China” (舌尖上的中国).

Visual Memories
Beneath the clear blue sky, the sunlight dapples the platform, highlighting the passage of time. Lush green trees, gleaming or rusted tracks, and French-style buildings create a picturesque setting. The three-sided clock, bearing the word “PARIS,” though silent now, still witnesses history alongside the present, creating a beautiful symphony of railway culture intertwined with Yunnan’s caravan culture, border trade, and exotic charm.

Location:
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ab27c4e0102w9cj.html
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5b3a7acd0100amwy.html

Overview

Jade Emperor Pavilion (Yuhuangge, 玉皇阁) is an ancient structure located in Mengzi City (蒙自市), Honghe Prefecture (红河州), Yunnan Province (云南省). It was first built in the sixth year of the Wanli era during the Ming Dynasty (明万历六年, 1578) and covers an area of 393 square meters.

Architectural Features

The pavilion is a three-tiered, hip-roofed wooden structure that combines the “chuandou” (穿斗) and “tailiang” (抬梁) beam systems. It features a thatched roof and has a side corridor. The square wooden pavilion stands about 20 meters tall, with a width and depth of 19.80 meters. It includes five levels of steps leading to a platform, and the brackets and column heads are decorated with intricate carvings, characteristic of Ming Dynasty architecture.

On either side of the Jade Emperor Pavilion, there are two smaller pavilions built during the Yongzheng era of the Qing Dynasty (清雍正年间), both with double-eave hip roofs and similar structural styles.

In recognition of its cultural significance, on October 7, 2019, the pavilion was designated as a national key cultural relic protection unit by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China.

Historical Development

The Jade Emperor Pavilion was constructed in the sixth year of the Wanli era of the Ming Dynasty (1578). The adjacent Jianyang Guild Hall (建阳会馆) was established in the 35th year of the Qianlong era (1770) and was rebuilt in the 29th year of the Guangxu era (1903).

Building Layout

The pavilion consists of:

• Three tiers of hip roofs, combining the chuandou and tailiang structures.
• A total height of approximately 20 meters.
• Three main openings and three inner sections, all with dimensions of 19.80 meters.
• It has five levels of steps, unique bracket sets, and substantial timber that emphasizes its simplistic yet robust design, reflecting the architectural style of the Ming Dynasty.

The two smaller pavilions flanking the main pavilion also follow a double-eave hip-roof design, echoing the styles of the early Qing Dynasty.

Cultural Relics

Inside the Jade Emperor Pavilion, there is a bell cast in the second year of the Jiajing era (嘉靖二年, 1523) by Zhang Qingxi (张清喜), which is approximately four feet tall and eight feet in circumference. Other notable artifacts include inscriptions from the fifth year of the Yongli era (永历五年, 1651) and a memorial tablet from the 26th year of the Kangxi era (康熙二十六年, 1627).

Protection Measures

As of October 7, 2019, the Jade Emperor Pavilion has been recognized and protected as a national key cultural relic unit.

Location

The Jade Emperor Pavilion is located near No. 20, People’s East Road (人民东路), Mengzi City, Yunnan Province.

Address

Yuhuangge, No. 27, People’s East Road (人民东路27号), Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州), Mengzi City (蒙自市).

How to Get There

To reach the Jade Emperor Pavilion:

• By Car: From Guizhou, take the Lukun Expressway (泸昆高速), Naxing Expressway (纳兴高速), Shankun Expressway (汕昆高速), Weiyan Expressway (威砚高速), Luyi Expressway (泸弥高速), and Kaihe Expressway (开河高速) to arrive at the pavilion.

Travel Tips

• Timing: Visit during the morning or late afternoon to avoid crowds and enjoy a quieter atmosphere.
• Photography: Bring a camera to capture the stunning architecture and surrounding scenery, but remember to respect the site’s significance and the privacy of any visitors.
• Local Cuisine: Explore nearby eateries to sample local dishes that reflect the region’s culinary heritage.
• Cultural Respect: Be mindful of local customs and practices, particularly in religious areas.
• Stay Hydrated: Bring water, especially if you’re exploring on a warm day.

Location:

Overview

Mengzi Old Town (Mengzi Lǎo Jiē Qū, 蒙自老街区) is located north of Nanhu (南湖), featuring numerous old streets intertwined with newer ones, inviting visitors to explore its charm. The best way to navigate is by taking note of street names as you wander.

Currently, Dongdajie (东大街), adjacent to the site of the Southwest Associated University (西南联大), is undergoing demolition and renovation.

Notable Streets

• Shifah Street (世发街)
• Tongfang Street (铜房街)
• Qilong Street (起龙街)
• Yuetang Street (月塘街)
• Dashu Street (大树街)
• Dongdajie (东大街)
• Haiguan Road (海关路)
• Maizi Alley (麦子巷)
• Guilin Street (桂林街)

Historical Background

Mengzi (蒙自), now the capital of Honghe Prefecture (红河州), is situated in southeastern Yunnan Province (云南省). The county spans 62 kilometers from north to south and 61.3 kilometers from east to west. The name “Mengzi” first appeared during the Yuan Dynasty (元代). The county was established during the Western Han Dynasty (西汉). In 109 BC, Emperor Wu of Han (汉武帝) founded Yizhou Commandery (益州郡), which governed 24 counties, including Mengzi as part of Bangu County (贲古县).

The name “Mengzi” has various interpretations, but it is commonly accepted that it derives from the nearby Muge Mountain (目则山), about 15 kilometers from the county seat. The mountain is also referred to as Mengzi Mountain (蒙自山), Qilin Mountain (麒麟山), and more. Historical texts indicate that the name “Mengzi” was derived from a mistranslation of “Muge” in Chinese.

Description of the Old Town

Mengzi’s old town, with its rich history dating back to the early 1950s, covers less than 3 square kilometers. As noted by Professor Zhu Ziqing (朱自清), a guest of the Southwest Associated University in the 1930s, “Mengzi City is very small.”

Before 1952, the inner city had a linear distance of about 1,000 meters from north to south and approximately 1,500 meters from east to west. Starting from the East City Gate near today’s Gelushi Foreign Trade Company (歌胪士洋行), you can walk along Dongdajie (formerly Wumiao Street, 武庙街) to Jihul Road (formerly Huancheng South Road, 环城南路), and further along to Yizheng Road (formerly Huancheng West Road, 环城西路) and Lianda Road (formerly Huancheng North Road, 环城北路). This path traces the irregular layout of the old town, which was somewhat like a chessboard.

Key Streets and Their Histories

• Huichun Street (回春街): Originally a pathway for locals returning from spring outings, it extends west to Yizheng Road and east to Guilin Street. The street has historical significance as it once housed government offices and dining establishments.
• Tuzhumiao Street (土主庙街): Now the southern part of Guilin Street, named for the Tuzhu Temple (土主庙) located here, which was formerly part of the local educational institutions.
• Guilin Street (桂林街): One of the main streets in the old town, it has a rich history and was a bustling market area for both groceries and medicinal herbs before the establishment of the agricultural market.
• Wenchang Street (文庙街): Once known as Qianjie Street, it was home to numerous foreign merchants in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, becoming the “foreigner’s street” of Mengzi.
• Yuetang Street (月牙塘街): Named for its crescent-shaped pond, now filled to create the first agricultural market in Mengzi.
• Gexue Street (阁学街): Formerly known as Qianjie Street, it housed government offices and educational institutions during the Qing Dynasty (清朝).

How to Get There

Mengzi Old Town can be accessed by various means of transportation, including:

• By Air: The nearest airport is in Kunming (昆明), followed by a bus or train journey to Mengzi.
• By Train: Regular trains run from major cities in Yunnan to Mengzi.
• By Bus: Long-distance buses connect Mengzi with surrounding regions.

Travel Tips

• Explore Early: Start your exploration early in the morning to avoid crowds and enjoy the tranquility of the old streets.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss the opportunity to taste local delicacies at street vendors and restaurants.
• Respect Local Customs: Be mindful of cultural practices, especially in religious sites.
• Photography: Bring a camera to capture the unique architecture and vibrant street life, but be respectful when taking pictures of locals.
• Stay Hydrated: Carry water, as exploring the old town can involve a lot of walking.

By embracing the history and vibrant culture of Mengzi Old Town, visitors can experience the unique charm that this hidden gem has to offer.

 

Location:
http://blog.163.com/ynrty@126/blog/static/921271882014112472143217/

Overview

Habo Village (哈播村) is located in the Ezhai Township (俄扎乡) of Yuanyang County (元阳县), Honghe Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省). It lies to the north of Ezhai Township, accessible via unpaved roads, with a distance of several kilometers from the county seat. To the east, it borders Huangcaoling Township (黄草岭乡) and Hage Village Committee (哈更村委会), to the west, Hajiakou Village Committee (哈脚村委会), and to the north, Mengzhong (勐仲) and Santai Po (三台坡). Habo Village is composed of five village groups, including Habo, Duosha, and Chujiao, with a total of 828 households and a population of 3,357, all engaged in agriculture, with a labor force of 2,452.

Location

Habo Scenic Area (哈播景区) is situated 115 kilometers south of Yuanyang County Town (元阳县县城) and 85 kilometers south of Xinjie (新街). Habo Village, established in the late Ming Dynasty (approximately 1620), is a Hani (哈尼族) village located on an oval hill at an altitude of 1,350 meters, with 460 households and a population of 2,639. It has gained worldwide recognition for its annual traditional Long Street Feast, known as the “Angma Tu” Festival (昂玛突节).

Main Attractions

Habo Terraces

The Habo Terraces encircle the village in a circular pattern. From the eastern part of the village, one can observe dozens of semi-circular ridges at a 45-degree slope, adorned with hundreds of crescent-shaped rice terraces climbing from the river valley. As the sun rises, these terraces shine in red, creating a stunning visual spectacle. The Habo Terraces are renowned as the steepest and most three-dimensional in Yuanyang, making it the best location to view sunrise over the terraces.

Habo Architecture

The architecture of Habo Village harmonizes with the landscape. The various architectural styles of the Hani ethnic groups are represented here, including square four-room houses with a central courtyard from the Luobi (罗碧) branch, square wooden balconies from the Luomian (罗缅) branch, and rectangular houses from the Dunhong (敦宏) branch. Modern constructions are also evident, featuring early forms of mushroom-shaped houses.

Habo Village Culture

Known as a land of song and dance, Habo Village boasts a rich tradition where all ages participate in performing arts. During significant festivals or celebrations, traditional and modern songs and dances are showcased. Notable performances such as the Hani Wooden Drum Dance, Palm Fan Dance, Bowl Dance, and Sparrow Dance originated from Habo Village. The surrounding area features approximately 190,000 acres of terraces spread across 2,289 square kilometers, with the most spectacular views located in Niu Jiao Zhai (牛角寨), Liangxin Zhai (良心寨), Xin’ansuo (新安所), and Guoqi (果期).

Local Customs

The scenic area is a hub for Hani ethnic customs, music, dance, and rice culture, making it an excellent place for studying Hani festivals and traditions. The Habo customs are well-preserved and vibrant, with the “Angma Tu” Festival held annually on the first Ox day of the lunar calendar, featuring over 260 banquet tables set up along the street, forming the world’s longest Long Street Feast, celebrated with songs and dances.

The “Angma Tu” Festival marks the end of the year’s labor and the onset of the new spring farming season, commemorating Angma and Anghou, who are believed to have protected the people. Habo Village is often referred to as the hometown of Hani dining culture and the Long Street Feast due to the completeness and grandeur of its festival rituals.

Long Street Feast

The Long Street Feast is a significant event during the “Angma Tu” Festival, characterized by both solemnity and mystery. It occurs on the first Ox, Tiger, or Rabbit day of the lunar month, spanning three days. On the day of the festival, the host, known as “Migu” (咪谷), sacrifices pigs and chickens at the village’s sacred tree before hosting the feast. Each family sets out one to two tables of food, aligned along the street to create a long banquet, symbolizing shared prosperity and blessings for a bountiful year.

How to Get There

Habo Village can be accessed from Yuanyang County Town by taking local transport options. Due to the rural nature of the area, it is advisable to rent a vehicle or hire a local driver familiar with the terrain.

Travel Tips

• Accommodation: Options in nearby towns or local guesthouses in Habo.
• Best Time to Visit: The Angma Tu Festival is a highlight, but visiting during rice planting or harvest seasons can also be rewarding.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss the opportunity to taste Hani dishes during the Long Street Feast.
• Respect Local Customs: Engage respectfully with the local culture, especially during festivals.
• Prepare for Terrain: Roads may be unpaved; ensure your vehicle is suitable for such conditions.

Location:

Overview

Yilong Lake (异龙湖, Yìlóng Hú) and its expansive Lotus Garden (万亩荷花园, Wànmǔ Héhuā Yuán) are located two kilometers east of the town of Shiping (石屏县, Shípíng Xiàn) in Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州, Hónghé Hānízú Yízú Zìzhìzhōu), Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng). From June to October each year, the lake is adorned with vibrant blossoms of red, pink, white, and purple lotus flowers, creating a breathtaking floral spectacle. Visitors can take wooden boats into the lotus ponds or ascend viewing pavilions to appreciate the flowers, photograph their beauty, and savor fresh lotus seeds, all while feeling a serene connection to nature.

Key Information

• Chinese Name: 异龙湖万亩荷花园 (Yìlóng Hú Wànmǔ Héhuā Yuán)
• Location: Yunnan Province, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture
• Blooming Season: June to October
• Flower Type: Lotus (荷花, Héhuā)

Geographic and Climatic Features

Honghe Prefecture lies in the southern Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and features diverse geographical forms, including limestone mountains, plateaus, valleys, basins, and hills. The region has a significant altitude difference, making the terrain complex. Rainfall is abundant, and the area benefits from ample sunlight, with a small annual temperature range. The climate is humid and predominantly influenced by the subtropical highland monsoon.

Because the Tropic of Cancer runs through the prefecture, temperatures and humidity increase from north to south, resulting in a generally warm and humid climate. The rainy season occurs mainly from May to October, while frost typically occurs from late November to February of the following year. Therefore, the best times to visit Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture are from March to April and September to November, avoiding the hot and rainy summer months.

The Splendor of Summer Flowers

As summer progresses, the beauty of Yilong Lake’s lotus flowers takes center stage. In the sweltering heat, the lotus flowers bloom brilliantly under the summer sun, creating vibrant splashes of color that capture the imagination. The vast lotus fields stretch out, creating a serene atmosphere where one can wander along the lakeside, admiring the interplay of red flowers against the green water, providing a refreshing respite from the summer heat. Popular spots for lotus viewing include Xiao Ruicheng Lotus Pond (小瑞城荷塘, Xiǎo Ruìchéng Hé Táng), Mabaolong Area (马宝龙片区, Mǎbǎolóng Piànqū), and Baxi Longgang (坝心龙港, Bàxīn Lónggǎng).

In the heat of summer, many locals and visitors express their fondness for lotus flowers, with Yilong Lake being the prime location for lotus appreciation.

The Lotus Season

When discussing the lotus flowers of Yilong Lake, the locals proudly speak of “ten thousand acres of lotus.” While the number may be an exaggeration, a drive around the wetlands of Yilong Lake reveals countless lotus ponds, large and small, connected like a necklace across approximately 30 square kilometers of stunning scenery.

Historically, Yilong Lake has been documented in the works of Ming Dynasty geographer and writer Xu Xiake (徐霞客, Xú Xiákè) in his travelogue “Xu Xiake’s Travels – Travels in Yunnan” (《徐霞客游记-滇中游》). He wrote about the lake’s beauty and the blooming lotus flowers more than three hundred years ago, illustrating its long-standing charm.

In the 1980s, Yilong Lake primarily featured local lotus varieties. However, in efforts to enhance the lake’s lotus flower brand, dozens of new varieties were introduced from regions like Zhejiang (浙江, Zhèjiāng) and Hunan (湖南, Húnán). This led to the creation of the “Yilong Lake Lotus Festival” (异龙湖荷花节, Yìlóng Hú Héhuā Jié), which has gained popularity over the years, attracting numerous visitors each summer.

This year, due to a dry spell, the lotus flowers opened later than usual. By mid-May, the first red lotus bloomed, and by June, the lake was bursting with flowers in full bloom, creating a magnificent spectacle.

Activities and Local Culture

As early as 8 AM, the lakeside road lined with willows is bustling with various cars heading to Yilong Lake. The lakeshore, shaded by trees, and the nearby boat docks are filled with tourists. Photographers gather by the ponds, capturing the exquisite forms of the flowers.

On Children’s Day (June 1), the Joyful Fishing Port (快乐渔港, Kuàilè Yúgǎng) on the southeastern shore was alive with visitors. Groups of women joyfully sang traditional songs, creating a festive atmosphere that made everyone feel youthful again.

Yilong Lake is not just a feast for the eyes; it’s also a culinary delight. Visitors can enjoy local specialties such as Yilong Carp (异龙鲤, Yìlóng Lǐ) and the famous Shiping Tofu (石屏豆腐, Shípíng Dòufu), along with unique lotus flower dishes like lotus leaf fried eggs and lotus root stew.

If you’re not yet ready to leave, enjoy traditional performances while savoring your meal, and don’t forget to buy fresh lotus seeds or flowers to take home.

The lotus blooms from May to late September, providing approximately 120 days of floral beauty, making it one of the longest blooming periods I’ve encountered. Perhaps the lotus flowers are drawn to Yilong Lake and Shiping just as the visitors are.

How to Get There

• By Air: The nearest major airport is in Kunming (昆明, Kūnmíng). From Kunming, take a bus or hire a car to reach Shiping County.
• By Train: High-speed trains from Kunming to Shiping are available and provide a convenient option for travel.
• By Car: Renting a car allows for flexibility in exploring the scenic areas around Yilong Lake and beyond.

Travel Tips

1. Best Time to Visit: June to September offers the best views of the blooming lotus flowers.
2. Local Cuisine: Be sure to try the Yilong Carp and Shiping Tofu while enjoying lotus flower dishes.
3. Cultural Etiquette: Respect local customs, especially when visiting ethnic minority villages.
4. Photography: Bring your camera to capture the breathtaking scenery, especially during the early morning light.
5. Souvenirs: Purchase fresh lotus seeds or flowers from local vendors as mementos of your visit.

Location:

Overview

The Honghe River Valley (红河谷, Hónghé Gǔ) is a remarkable geographic feature located within Honghe Prefecture (红河州, Hónghé Zhōu) in Yunnan Province (云南, Yúnnán), China. Known for its vibrant red-hued waters, the valley is named after the Honghe River (红河, Hónghé), which flows through it and has two primary tributaries: the Yuanjiang (元江, Yuánjiāng) and the Lixian River (李仙江, Lǐxiānjiāng).

The Red River, also known as the Hong River (traditional Chinese: 紅河; simplified Chinese: 红河; pinyin: Hóng Hé; Vietnamese: Sông Hồng; Chữ Nôm: 瀧紅; Chữ Hán: 紅河), the Hồng Hà and Sông Cái (lit. “Mother River”) in Vietnamese,[citation needed] and the Yuan River (元江, Yuán Jiāng Nguyên Giang) in Chinese, is a 1,149-kilometer (714 mi)-long river that flows from Yunnan in Southwest China through northern Vietnam to the Gulf of Tonkin. According to C. Michael Hogan, the associated Red River Fault was instrumental in forming the entire South China Sea at least as early as 37 million years before present. The name red and southern position in China are associated in traditional cardinal directions.

Geographic Features

• Location: The valley spans across Honghe Prefecture in Yunnan, primarily in the southeastern part of the province.
• River System: The Honghe River is significant as a cross-border waterway, flowing from Yunnan into northern Vietnam.
• Dimensions: The river stretches approximately 1,280 kilometers, with around 695 kilometers of its length situated in China, while the remaining 585 kilometers flow through Vietnam.

Scenic Highlights

Geological Characteristics

The valley is characterized by unique geological formations, primarily red sandstone and shale, which are rich in iron oxide. These formations contribute to the river’s striking red appearance. The surrounding landscape features dramatic cliffs and lush valleys, providing stunning vistas for visitors.

Biodiversity

The region around the Honghe River Valley is known for its diverse ecosystems. Various species of flora and fauna thrive here, including rare and endemic species. The interplay of altitude, climate, and geography creates unique habitats, making it a hotspot for biodiversity.

Cultural Significance

The Honghe River Valley is home to several ethnic minority groups, including the Hani (哈尼, Hānī), Yi (彝族, Yízú), and Zhuang (壮族, Zhuàngzú). Each group brings its own cultural traditions, festivals, and customs, contributing to the rich tapestry of life in the valley. Traditional agriculture and handicrafts are still practiced, and local festivals often celebrate the river and its resources.

Economic Importance

The Honghe River serves as a vital resource for irrigation, supporting agriculture in the region. The fertile plains along the river are ideal for growing rice, corn, and various fruits. Additionally, the river is crucial for transportation, facilitating trade and movement between different communities.

Activities and Attractions

1. Scenic Tours: Boat tours along the river offer breathtaking views of the landscape and opportunities to observe local wildlife.
2. Hiking: Numerous trails wind through the valley, providing options for both casual walks and more challenging hikes.
3. Cultural Experiences: Visitors can participate in local festivals, explore traditional villages, and taste authentic ethnic cuisines.
4. Photography: The unique geological formations and vibrant colors of the valley make it a perfect location for photography enthusiasts.

Travel Information

How to Get There

• By Air: The closest major airport is in Kunming (昆明, Kūnmíng). From there, travelers can take a bus or drive to reach the Honghe River Valley.
• By Train: High-speed trains connect Kunming to cities in Honghe Prefecture like Chuxiong (楚雄, Chǔxióng) and Yuxi (玉溪, Yùxī).
• By Car: Renting a car provides the flexibility to explore the valley and nearby attractions at your own pace.

Travel Tips

1. Best Time to Visit: The best months for visiting are April to June and September to November, when the weather is pleasant.
2. Local Cuisine: Try local dishes such as Hani rice and Yi-style grilled meats for an authentic culinary experience.
3. Respect Local Customs: Be respectful of the local cultures and traditions, especially when visiting ethnic villages.
4. Guided Tours: Consider hiring a local guide to enrich your understanding of the area’s ecology and culture.

Location:

Overview

The Maandi Butterfly Exhibition Hall (马鞍底蝴蝶展览馆, Mǎ’āndǐ Huǐdié Zhǎnlǎn Guǎn), also known as Maandi Butterfly Valley (马鞍底蝴蝶谷, Mǎ’āndǐ Huǐdié Gǔ), is located in Jinping County (金平县, Jīnpíng Xiàn), Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州, Hónghé Hānízú Yízú Zìzhìzhōu), Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng). The ecological environment here is exceptionally well-preserved, and the butterfly resources are abundant. The local government has established the “China Honghe Butterfly Exhibition Hall” to organize and collect numerous butterfly specimens from the area, promoting ecological awareness and butterfly knowledge. It is a must-visit destination.

In 2005, Professors Liu Jiazhu (刘家柱, Liú Jiāzhù) and Zhou Xuesong (周雪松, Zhōu Xuěsōng) from Southwest Forestry University (西南林业大学, Xīnán Línyè Dàxué) came to Maandi Township (马鞍底乡, Mǎ’āndǐ Xiāng) to investigate and study local ecological and plant resources. They discovered a vast variety of butterfly species and numbers, which initiated research on the local butterfly resources.

Butterfly Diversity

Maandi Valley is home to a diverse range of butterfly species, including:

• Arrow Ring Butterfly (箭环碟, Jiàn Huán Dié)
• Phoenix Eye Butterfly (凤眼碟, Fèngyǎn Dié)
• Dry Leaf Butterfly (枯叶蛱蝶, Kūyè Jiá Dié)
• White-banded Sawtooth Butterfly (白带锯蛱蝶, Bái Dài Jù Jiá Dié)
• Brown-hooked Phoenix Butterfly (褐钩凤蝶, Hè Gōu Fèng Dié)
• Beak Phoenix Butterfly (喙凤蝶, Huì Fèng Dié)
• Purple Ring Butterfly (紫斑环碟, Zǐbān Huán Dié)
• Beautiful Phoenix Butterfly (美凤蝶, Měi Fèng Dié)

Many of these species are rare in China, including the national butterfly, the Chinese Swallowtail Butterfly (中国国蝶, Zhōngguó Guó Dié), the贵凤蝶 (Guì Fèng Dié), and the Brown-hooked Phoenix Butterfly.

Every year, from May to June, thousands of butterflies flutter in the valleys, bamboo forests, and beside streams, creating a rare ecological wonder. The beauty of Maandi Valley is captured in Jin Yong’s (金庸, Jīn Yōng) novel “The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber” (倚天屠龙记), where there is a stunning valley named “Butterfly Valley,” described as a place where “spring is splendid, and butterflies are everywhere.” In Honghe Prefecture, the sight of billions of butterflies dancing is a real phenomenon.

Global Butterfly Diversity

Globally, approximately 20,000 butterfly species have been documented, with around 2,100 species found in China. The Honghe Butterfly Valley hosts over 320 species, making it one of the richest areas in the world for butterfly populations and diversity, often referred to as the “Butterfly Museum hidden in the mountains.”

Located in Jinping County’s Maandi Township, the Honghe Butterfly Valley enjoys an average annual temperature of about 18°C, with a mild climate and abundant rainfall. The lush bamboo forests covering over 40,000 acres provide ample food sources for butterfly larvae and favorable conditions for their reproduction.

Conservation Efforts

Yang Zhenwen (杨镇文, Yáng Zhènwén), 46 years old, is the director of the Butterfly Valley Museum and a butterfly monitor. For 25 years, he has traversed the mountains, engaged in the protection, investigation, and research of butterfly biodiversity, earning him the affectionate title of “Butterfly Dad” among locals.

According to Yang, “One mountain can have four seasons, and ten miles can bring different weather. This is one of Yunnan’s mountainous regions with a three-dimensional climate.” The original ecological environment and plant diversity within Butterfly Valley provide an excellent biodiversity environment for various butterflies.

Notably, the Gold-spotted Beak Phoenix Butterfly (金斑喙凤蝶, Jīn Bān Huì Fèng Dié) is one of China’s ten rarest butterflies, and the wings of the Golden Phoenix Butterfly (金裳凤蝶, Jīn Cháng Fèng Dié) are large and beautiful.

During the butterfly emergence phase, which occurs in late May to early June, millions of larvae develop into butterflies. Yang mentioned that the Arrow Ring Butterfly will soon enter a concentrated outbreak phase, with swarms of butterflies fluttering through the serene forests, creating a rare ecological spectacle.

The Butterfly Outbreak

The so-called butterfly outbreak refers to the phenomenon where, from May to June each year, the Arrow Ring Butterfly larvae undergo rapid pupation and transformation into butterflies. During this period, billions of Arrow Ring Butterflies gather in the forests, by streams, and along mountain paths, creating a breathtaking biological spectacle.

The occurrence of this butterfly outbreak depends not only on the local ecosystem but also on the careful nurturing by people like Yang Zhenwen, the “Butterfly Dad.” Due to the large butterfly population, many butterflies struggle to find food. They primarily survive on dew and sap, which are insufficient for their growth and development needs.

To support their growth, butterfly researchers and local villagers spent six years developing a nutrient solution made from water, sugar, glutinous rice flour, and pineapple. After emerging from their pupae, butterflies mainly feed on nectar or the juices of decaying matter. During the outbreak, Yang sprays this nutrient solution in the mountains to enhance the butterflies’ nutrition and prolong their lifespan.

Community Involvement

In the 1980s, some locals used pesticides to kill butterflies, but it was later realized that this harmed the ecological environment. Wu Ziweng (吴自文, Wú Zìwén), a villager engaged in butterfly breeding, stated that butterflies are a gift from nature. Through the villagers’ care and protection, the number of butterfly species has increased, and the ecological environment has improved.

Today, the villagers of Maandi have spontaneously formed the Colorful Butterfly Cooperative (七彩蝴蝶专业合作社, Qīcǎi Huǐdié Zhuānyè Hézuòshè), with more and more villagers engaged in butterfly breeding. “Protecting forests, water sources, and butterflies has become a conscious behavior among the locals, written into village regulations,” Yang noted.

“We are enhancing biodiversity protection efforts in our jurisdiction and have established management regulations for the Maandi Butterfly Valley, educating the public on ecological protection awareness,” said Wu Huahao (吴华昊, Wú Huáhào), the deputy secretary of the Jinping County Party Committee and county mayor. In recent years, local authorities have worked to maximize the growth environment and living space for butterflies.

Since opening to the public in 2010, Butterfly Valley has received nearly 1.9 million visitors. The unique butterfly resources have led to special protective measures. Currently, a breeding base with butterfly release gardens, observation areas, and educational facilities has been established, where the story of harmonious coexistence between humans and butterflies continues.

How to Get There

The Maandi Butterfly Exhibition Hall is located in Jinping County and can be accessed through various transportation methods.

Transportation Options

• By Car: Renting a car or hiring a local driver is a convenient way to reach the exhibition hall.
• Public Transport: Local buses and taxis are available for visitors traveling from nearby cities.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The ideal time to visit is between May and June during the butterfly outbreak season.
• What to Bring: Comfortable walking shoes, a camera, and insect repellent are recommended for an enjoyable experience.
• Respect the Environment: Always follow local guidelines and respect the natural surroundings during your visit.
• Nearby Attractions: Explore other natural attractions in the area for a more enriching experience.

Visiting the Maandi Butterfly Exhibition Hall offers a unique opportunity to witness the incredible biodiversity of butterflies and appreciate the local ecological efforts in preserving these delicate creatures.

Location:
http://www.hhhdg.cn/index.php?c=article&id=81

Overview

Xiaoguihu Lake (小桂湖, Xiǎo Guìhú) is situated in Jianshui County (建水县, Jiànshuǐ Xiàn), Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州, Hónghé Hānízú Yízú Zìzhìzhōu), Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng). The lake lies between Chaoyang Tower (朝阳楼, Zhāoyáng Lóu) and Fudong Temple (福东寺, Fúdōng Sì) in the eastern part of Jianshui City, connecting to Taishi Alley (太史巷, Tàishǐ Xiàng) in the north and adjacent to Laoganjugu (老干局, Lǎo Gānjú) in the south. Covering an area of over 70,000 square meters, Xiaoguihu Lake has undergone various management changes since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, impacting its landscape and features.

Originally known as “Ximatang” (洗马塘), the lake has a rich history. It is said that during the Ming Dynasty, soil was excavated outside Chaoyang Tower to build a city, creating a depression that filled with water. A general supervising the construction would wash his horse in this pool daily, leading to its name “Ximatang.” As Jianshui developed, Ximatang was divided into three sections: Upper Pool, Middle Pool, and Lower Pool. The banks are adorned with greenery, blooming flowers, and weeping willows, making it a picturesque location.

Historical Background

During the Ming Dynasty, the famous scholar Yang Shen (杨慎, Yáng Shèn) was exiled to Yunnan and lived at Fudong Temple twice. He studied at Guìhu (桂湖) in his hometown of Xindu, Sichuan (新都, Xīndū). Inspired by the beautiful scenery, he remarked, “This mountain and water are truly excellent, quite similar to my hometown’s Guìhu.” Thus, the name Xiaoguihu (小桂湖) emerged.

Xiaoguihu Lake has undergone significant changes over time, transitioning from a simple pool to a beloved spot for boating, fishing, and leisurely walks. It is bordered by a tranquil tree-lined embankment that separates the lake into three sections. Visitors can enjoy lotus flowers blooming in the lake and fish swimming in the clear waters. The island within the lake, known as Yejiashan (叶家山), was constructed by Ye Rui (叶瑞), a scholar from Jianshui during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty.

Scenic Features

• Area: Over 70,000 square meters
• Location: Between Chaoyang Tower and Fudong Temple, Jianshui County
• Nature: A serene lake surrounded by lush greenery and vibrant flowers

How to Get There

Xiaoguihu Lake is conveniently accessible from Jianshui City.

Transportation Options

• By Car: Renting a car or hiring a local driver is a convenient option for reaching the lake.
• Public Transport: Local buses and taxis are available to transport visitors from various parts of Jianshui to the lake.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The ideal seasons are from March to April and September to November when the weather is pleasant.
• What to Bring: Comfortable walking shoes, a camera, and sun protection are recommended for an enjoyable visit.
• Respect the Environment: Keep the area clean and respect local customs and nature during your visit.
• Nearby Attractions: Explore the historic sites and cultural landmarks in Jianshui County for a more enriching experience.

Xiaoguihu Lake is a beautiful blend of natural beauty and historical significance, making it a must-visit destination in Jianshui County.

Overview

The Former Residence of He Qiying (何其英故居, Hé Qíyīng Gùjū) is located in the town of Yilong (异龙镇, Yìlóng Zhèn), Shiping County (石屏县, Shípíng Xiàn), Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州, Hónghé Hānízú Yízú Zìzhìzhōu), Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng). This historical residence is dedicated to He Qiying (何其英, Hé Qíyīng), a renowned traveler and scholar born in 1672 who passed away in 1723. Known for his profound knowledge and bold character, He Qiying undertook a remarkable journey from Yunnan to Tibet and Xinjiang in 1713, despite facing many challenges. His notable works include “Xizang Zhizhang” (《西藏指掌》), and he meticulously studied two major rivers in Shiping, documenting the customs and landscapes of the local ethnic minorities in his valuable book “Lianghe Fen Zhi” (《两河分志》).

Architectural Details

The Former Residence of He Qiying is a traditional wooden structure, oriented east to west. It covers an area of 289 square meters and features a single-pitched roof typical of local architecture.

• Location: Yilong Town, Shiping County, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture
• Orientation: East-facing, westward view
• Structure: Single-pitched wooden architecture
• Area: 289 square meters

Climate and Best Time to Visit

Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture is located in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, characterized by diverse geographical features including limestone mountains, plateaus, valleys, and hills. The area experiences significant elevation differences, resulting in complex terrain. The region enjoys ample rainfall and sunlight, with a mild annual temperature range and a humid climate, primarily classified as a subtropical plateau monsoon climate.

Due to the Tropic of Cancer passing through the prefecture, temperatures and humidity increase from north to south, leading to a hot and humid climate. The rainy season occurs mainly from May to October, while frost occurs from late November to February of the following year. Therefore, the best times to visit are from March to April and September to November, avoiding the hot and rainy summer and autumn months.

How to Get There

The Former Residence of He Qiying is accessible by various means of transportation.

Transportation Options

• By Car: Renting a car or hiring a driver from nearby cities such as Kunming (昆明, Kūnmíng) is recommended for convenience.
• Public Transport: Buses and local transport services operate routes to Shiping County from larger cities, making it accessible for visitors.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The ideal visiting periods are from March to April and September to November for pleasant weather.
• What to Bring: Visitors should wear comfortable shoes, carry a camera for capturing the beautiful scenery, and bring light clothing for varying temperatures.
• Respect Local Culture: Engage respectfully with local communities and learn about their traditions and heritage.
• Nearby Attractions: Explore the stunning landscapes and other cultural sites in the surrounding areas for a complete travel experience.

Visiting the Former Residence of He Qiying offers a unique glimpse into the life of a prominent traveler and scholar, set against the backdrop of the rich cultural heritage of Honghe County.

Location:

Overview

Shangzhulu Village (上主鲁新寨村, Shàngzhǔ Lǔ Xīnzhài Cūn) is located in Yuanyang County (元阳县, Yuányáng Xiàn), Honghe Prefecture (红河州, Hónghé Zhōu), Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng). Nestled in the mountainous region, it lies 2 kilometers east of the Zhulu Village Committee and 21 kilometers from the Shengcun Town government. Covering an area of 0.75 square kilometers at an altitude of 0.99 meters, the village enjoys an average annual temperature of 14°C and receives 1,370 mm of rainfall, making it suitable for crops such as cassava, grass fruit, and potatoes.

Key Attractions

1. Terraced Rice Fields

The village is famous for its breathtaking terraced rice fields, providing stunning views that attract photographers and nature lovers. Walking through the terraces offers an immersive experience of the Hani people’s hard work and the beauty of the landscape.

2. Hani Culture

Visitors can engage with the vibrant Hani culture, participating in local customs, traditional clothing, and festivals. Cultural activities, including traditional dances and music performances, allow for a deeper understanding of the Hani way of life.

3. Scenic Views

Shangzhulu Village is renowned for its spectacular views of the sea of clouds, especially on days when the cloud cover lasts until noon. The stunning sunrise and sunset views across the terraced fields provide excellent photography opportunities.

4. Local Cuisine

The village offers a chance to taste authentic Hani cuisine, featuring local ingredients and traditional cooking methods. Specialties include rice cooked in bamboo and various vegetable dishes that highlight the region’s agricultural practices.

Population and Health

Shangzhulu Village has 46 farming households with a total population of 332 people, including 171 males and 161 females. The entire population is engaged in agriculture, with 225 individuals considered part of the labor force. The village is exclusively inhabited by the Hani ethnic group. By the end of 2007, 264 villagers participated in rural cooperative medical care, achieving an 80% participation rate, with 40 people benefiting from minimum living allowances. The villagers primarily rely on a local health clinic and the town health center, located 2 kilometers and 3 kilometers from the village committee, respectively. The village also has one public restroom.

How to Get There

Shangzhulu Village is easily accessible from the town of Yuanyang.

Transportation Options

• By Car: Renting a car or hiring a driver from nearby cities, such as Kunming (昆明, Kūnmíng), is convenient for reaching the village.
• Public Transport: Local buses operate routes from Yuanyang to various villages, including Shangzhulu. Check local schedules for the latest information.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The best times to visit are from late September to early October for the rice harvest season and from late January to early March for rice planting.
• What to Bring: Wear comfortable walking shoes, and bring a camera and sunscreen to protect against the sun.
• Respect Local Customs: Engage respectfully with the local community and learn about their traditions and practices.
• Accommodation: Consider staying in local guesthouses for an immersive experience in Hani culture.

Visiting Shangzhulu Village provides a unique opportunity to experience the natural beauty and cultural richness of Yuanyang County, making it a must-see destination.

Location:

Overview

Taiping Lake Forest Park (太平湖森林公园, Tàipíng Hú Sēnlín Gōngyuán) is situated in Mile City (弥勒市, Mílè Shì), Honghe Prefecture (红河州, Hónghé Zhōu), a picturesque area in southern Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng). Spanning an area of 42 square kilometers (approximately 16.2 square miles), this park is characterized by its dense forest vegetation and a high concentration of negative oxygen ions, making it an ideal location for health and wellness activities. The park integrates various functions, including sightseeing, tourism, vacationing, entertainment, conferences, sports events, and wellness activities, presenting itself as a world-class plateau forest health resort park that is ecological, intelligent, and internationalized.

Park Features

The park is designed around eight major attractions, each offering unique experiences:

1. Characteristic Forest Cabin Town

This area focuses on developing and showcasing traditional wooden cabins, blending cultural heritage with modern design. The project aims to create the largest collection of resort cabins in China, featuring wooden culture at its core. The development includes the integration of local villages to promote tourism and enhance the regional economy through smart wooden cabins and community renovations.

2. Love-Themed Cultural Park

At the heart of this park is an international royal rose garden, complemented by stunning church architecture, royal carriages, and equestrian facilities. This area provides a romantic setting for wedding photography, film shoots, ceremonies, and various leisure activities.

3. Earth Art Landscape Park

Home to the largest flower sea scenic area in Southwest China, this park features installations by international earth artist Stan Herd (斯坦·赫德, Sītǎn Hèdé). His Asian debut artwork, “Young Chinese Women,” is showcased here, along with a rare plant garden. The park promotes a one-stop tourism model centered around flower-themed attractions and agricultural art.

4. Plateau Sports Training Base

This facility features a 21.1-kilometer running track around the lake, designed for professional half-marathon events and cycling training. Additional recreational facilities support various outdoor activities and ecological initiatives aimed at protecting water sources and restoring the local environment while promoting a healthy lifestyle.

5. Plateau Agricultural Demonstration Base

Focusing on the promotion of local specialty agriculture, this base aims to enhance the international competitiveness of Yunnan’s agricultural products. It covers about 2,000 acres and emphasizes education and modern agricultural practices.

6. Plateau Nursery and Flower Production Base

This area integrates flower production, exhibition, and tourism, evolving traditional floral markets into modern, diversified experiences. The base spans around 2,000 acres, showcasing artistic and standardized flower cultivation practices.

7. Intangible Cultural Heritage Exhibition

Focusing on Yunnan’s rich cultural diversity, this center promotes intangible cultural heritage through various activities, such as festivals, performances, and community experiences. It serves as a venue for cultural education and preservation.

8. Lakeside Wetland Recreation Center

Emphasizing the scenic beauty of lakeside wetlands, this center features boardwalks and recreational facilities for water sports. It provides a relaxing environment for tourists, integrating leisure, sightseeing, and outdoor activities.

Development Plans

Mile City’s Taiping Lake Forest Park is envisioned as an ecological tourism flagship project with significant ecological demonstration effects. The initial phase includes the construction of the “Honghe Paradise” agricultural ecological tourism complex, which aims to open during the National Day holiday in 2017.

Historical and Cultural Background

Taiping Lake (太平湖, Tàipíng Hú) is named after the nearby Taiping Reservoir (太平水库, Tàipíng Shuǐkù), built in 1950 under the leadership of General Zhang Chong (张冲, Zhāng Chōng). The reservoir spans an area of 13,000 acres and holds approximately 86 million cubic meters of water.

Zhang Chong (1901-1980), originally named Shaoyu (绍禹, Shàoyǔ), played a crucial role in developing the Dianxi River’s water resources. His initiatives transformed the local agricultural landscape, enhancing productivity and significantly impacting the region’s economy.

How to Get There

Taiping Lake Forest Park is located about 9 kilometers (5.6 miles) from Mile City’s center. Visitors can reach the park via public transportation, such as buses, or by driving from major nearby cities, including Kunming (昆明, Kūnmíng).

Transportation Options

• By Car: Self-driving is a convenient option for exploring the park and nearby attractions.
• Public Transport: Local buses frequently connect Mile City to the park.
• Taxi Services: Taxis are available in the city, offering a quick and direct route to the park.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The park is open year-round, but the ideal time to visit is from October to April when the weather is mild and pleasant.
• What to Bring: Comfortable shoes for walking, a camera for capturing the beautiful scenery, sunscreen, and water are essential for a pleasant visit.
• Respect Local Culture: Engage with local communities respectfully and participate in cultural events when available.
• Plan Ahead: Check the park’s opening hours before visiting; it operates daily from 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM.
• Stay Hydrated: Carry water, especially during outdoor activities, to stay hydrated.
• Explore Nearby Attractions: Consider extending your trip to explore other scenic locations in Honghe Prefecture, such as traditional villages and local markets.

Location: