Overview

Shiping Railway Station (石屏火车站) is located in Yilong Town (异龙镇), Shiping County (石屏县), Honghe Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省), China. It is classified as a Class IV station under the management of the Kunming Railway Bureau Group (中国铁路昆明局集团有限公司). Established in 1936, it served as a crucial part of China’s first privately operated railway, the Gebishi Railway (个碧石铁路).

This railway connected several key stations, including Mengzi (蒙自) and Bisezhai (碧色寨), contributing to the region’s transportation network. Although passenger services were halted in 2010, the main building remains as a historical site, showcasing stunning French architectural styles.

Walking through the abandoned station offers a unique experience reminiscent of Southeast Asia, with palm trees lining the platforms and a vibrant yellow facade adorned with green windows and eaves, which are characteristic of French railway stations. The platform, paved with large stone slabs, exudes a rustic charm, evoking memories of the past.

The Gebishi Railway is significant not only as China’s first privately owned railway but also as a historical testament. Although less famous than the Yunnan-Guangxi Railway (滇越铁路), it was born from its necessity. The railway was constructed during challenging times, altering the logistics and transportation landscape of southern Yunnan, where narrow-gauge railways replaced traditional animal transport.

Key Information

Chinese Name: 石屏站
English Name: Shiping Railway Station
Station Code: 50888
Region: Yunnan Province, Honghe Prefecture
Station Level: Class IV
Major Line: Gebishi Railway (个碧石铁路)
Area Management: Kunming Railway Bureau Group (中国铁路昆明局集团有限公司)
Address: Yilong Town, Shiping County, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province (云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州石屏县异龙镇车站大街)
Established: 1936

Historical Development

The history of Shiping Railway Station is intertwined with the development of the Gebishi Railway, which began construction in 1915. The railway was funded and operated by the local population, making it a symbol of community effort and resilience.

Key Historical Milestones

1915: The Gebishi Railway construction starts, marking the inception of private railway initiatives in Yunnan.
1936: The Mengping section of the Gebishi Railway is completed, linking Shiping to other vital areas.
1950: Post-liberation, the railway comes under the jurisdiction of the Kunming Railway Bureau, marking a shift towards state management.
1985: Passenger services are officially discontinued due to declining usage.
1991: Freight services are also suspended, signifying the end of an era for the railway.
2003: Passenger services on the Mengbao Line cease, with only freight operations remaining.
2017: The Kunming Railway Bureau is renamed to China Railway Kunming Bureau Group, continuing its management of the station.

Architectural Features

The architecture of Shiping Railway Station is a noteworthy example of French colonial design, reflecting the cultural exchanges that occurred during its construction. Key features include:

Station Building: The main building has a vibrant yellow exterior with green accents, typical of French railway stations.
Platform: The platform, made of large stone slabs, combines functionality with a historical aesthetic.
Surrounding Landscape: The presence of palm trees and lush vegetation adds a tropical feel, further enhancing the unique atmosphere of the station.

Operational Status

Currently, Shiping Railway Station offers limited services:

Passenger Services: The station facilitates passenger boarding and disembarking, although there are no active passenger train services.
Freight Services: The station continues to handle freight, including both bulk and small cargo.

Services Offered

Passenger Services: Ticketing and handling for boarding passengers.
Freight Services: Management of goods transport for both bulk and smaller shipments.

How to Get There

Visitors can reach Shiping Railway Station through various transportation options:

By Road: The station is accessible via local buses and taxis from nearby towns and cities.
Nearby Cities: Major nearby cities include Jianshui (建水) and Mengzi (蒙自), from which travelers can take local transportation.

Travel Tips

Best Time to Visit: Spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) are recommended for pleasant weather and scenic views.
Local Cuisine: Be sure to sample local dishes that highlight Yunnan’s rich culinary diversity, including rice noodles and spicy dishes.
Cultural Respect: While exploring the station, it’s important to maintain respectful behavior towards the historical significance of the site.
Photography Etiquette: When photographing the station and surroundings, be considerate of other visitors and local customs.
Guided Tours: Consider joining a guided tour for deeper insights into the station’s history and architecture, enhancing your overall experience.

Station Name (EN): Shiping Railway Station
Station Name(CN): 石屏县火车站/Shiping Huochezhan
Address(EN): Chezhan Dajie, Yilong Town, Shiping County, Honghe, Yunnan
Address(CN): 云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州石屏县异龙镇车站大街

Overview

Shiping Confucius Temple is situated on North Zheng Street (北正街) in Yilong Town (异龙镇), Shiping County (石屏县), Honghe Prefecture (红河州). Originally established during the Yuan Dynasty (元) in the Zhi Zheng period, the temple has undergone several renovations, including significant restorations in the 22nd year of the Hongwu reign (洪武) and expansions during the Jiajing (嘉靖) and Tianqi (天启) periods. With a width of 33.75 meters and a depth of 96.33 meters, the temple spans an area of 4,257 square meters and faces south. Key architectural features include the Lingxing Gate (棂星门), Pan Pool (泮池), Dacheng Hall (大成殿), Hall of the Great Teacher (先师殿), and Zunjing Pavilion (尊经阁). The stone carvings on the Pan Pool’s railing are intricate and noteworthy. The temple is currently recognized as a provincial-level cultural relic protection unit.

History of Development

The Confucius Temple was first constructed in the 14th year of the Zhengzheng reign (正十四年) (1354), located east of the Zhouya area. Unfortunately, it was destroyed by conflict in the 14th year of the Hongwu reign (洪武十四年) (1381). In the 22nd year of the Hongwu reign (洪武二十二年) (1389), the temple was rebuilt. The Dacheng Hall and the east and west wings underwent renovations in the 2nd year of the Tianshun reign (天顺二年) (1458), commemorated by the inscribed “Shiping Prefecture Temple Academy Record.” Major renovations took place from the 2nd year of the Jiajing reign (嘉靖二年) (1523) to the 5th year of the Tianqi reign (天启五年) (1625). In the 1st year of the Shunzhi reign (顺治元年) (1644), Governor Liu Weishi (刘维世) and Academy Head Luo Tianzhu (罗天柱) oversaw comprehensive repairs, revitalizing the temple’s appearance, which has endured various earthquakes without damage.

Structural Layout

The Lingxing Gate features a wooden and stone structure, measuring 31 meters in width, 3.88 meters in depth, and 13.5 meters in height. The central room is 4.25 meters wide and 3.88 meters deep, with two side rooms each measuring 3.6 meters wide and 3.88 meters deep. The front plaque reads “Lingxing Gate,” while the reverse bears inscriptions praising “德配天地” (Virtue Matches Heaven and Earth) and “道冠古今” (Way Tops Past and Present), written by Zhang Ruiliang (张瑞亮). On the side walls, “太和元气” (Great Harmony Vitality) is inscribed by Tu Yan (涂晫) during the Kangxi period (康熙), and “鸢飞鱼跃” (Kites Fly and Fish Leap) is by Liu Xuan (刘宣).

The east and west side doors measure 2.18 meters wide and 1.74 meters deep. The gate features a single eave hip roof design, while the side doors have a single eave hanging roof, both covered with blue tiles.

After entering through the gate, visitors arrive at Pan Pool, which is adorned with a single-arch stone bridge called the “Zhuangyuan Bridge” (状元桥). Pan Pool spans 20.2 meters wide and 15 meters deep, covering an area of 303 square meters. The stone bridge measures 2.8 meters wide and 15 meters long, with a railing height of 65 centimeters and pillar height of 160 centimeters.

Beyond Pan Pool lies Dacheng Hall, flanked by the Ming Officials Shrine (名宦祠) on the east and the Local Worthies Shrine (乡贤祠) on the west. Both structures are single-eave, hip-roof wooden buildings. Dacheng Hall measures 17.3 meters in width and 8.55 meters in depth, covering 147.9 square meters. It features five bays and three sections, with a roof topped with a glazed bottle and beast kiss (兽吻). The hall combines lifting beam and through-dou style, supported by nine beams and 24 columns, including six eave columns, with no dou-gong brackets.

Following the Dacheng Hall is the Hall of the Great Teacher, the temple’s central hall, measuring 16.73 meters in width and 10.9 meters in depth, covering 182 square meters. It features a single eave hip roof, originally topped with a glazed bottle and beast kiss, and covered with blue tiles. The hall is structured with five bays and three sections, employing both lifting beam and through-dou styles. It includes 12 dou-gong brackets and 24 supporting columns, with bases made of bluestone featuring intricate dragon relief carvings.

In front of the Hall of the Great Teacher is a terrace covering 174 square meters, with two dragon carvings flanking six stone steps leading to the hall, which are used by officials during the annual sacrificial ceremonies for Confucius’s birthday on the 27th day of the 8th lunar month.

Flanking the Hall of the Great Teacher are two wings, each with nine rooms. The eastern wing measures 30 meters in width, 6.2 meters in depth, and 4 meters in height, built as a wooden single-story structure with a tiled roof. Inside are tablets honoring Confucius’s 72 disciples. Behind the Hall of the Great Teacher is the Chongsheng Hall (崇圣殿) and the Zunjing Pavilion (尊经阁).

Cultural Relic Protection

In October 1983, Shiping Confucius Temple was designated as a second batch of state-level cultural relic protection units. In December 2003, it was recognized as a sixth batch of provincial-level cultural relic protection units, officially named “Shiping County Confucius Temple and Yuping Academy” (石屏县文庙及玉屏书院).

How to Get There

To reach Shiping Confucius Temple, visitors can travel to Yilong Town by road from Shiping County. Local transportation options include taxis and regular bus services that run frequently from the county center to the temple.

Travel Tips

Best Time to Visit: The ideal visiting seasons are spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November), when the weather is most pleasant.
Local Cuisine: Explore nearby eateries for local dishes that highlight fresh, traditional recipes unique to the region.
Respect Cultural Significance: Maintain respectful behavior within the temple premises, especially in sacred areas, to honor its cultural importance.
Photography Etiquette: While photography is encouraged, respect the privacy of individuals and adhere to local customs.
Consider Guided Tours: Joining a guided tour can enhance your experience by providing insights into the temple’s rich history from knowledgeable locals.

Overview

Zhengying Village (郑营村) is located in Baoxiu Town (宝秀镇) of Shiping County (石屏县), Honghe Prefecture (红河州), Yunnan Province, China. Positioned 2 kilometers south of the town government and approximately 10 kilometers from the county center, it boasts convenient transportation links. The village is bordered to the east by Lijiazha Village (李家寨村), to the south by Zhengjiashan foothills, to the west by Zhangxiangzhai Village (张向寨村), and to the north by Chiru Lake (赤瑞湖). Zhengying governs two natural villages, Zhengying and Zhangbenzhai, encompassing 12 village groups in total.

Nestled 10 kilometers southwest of Shiping County, Zhengying is celebrated for its picturesque landscapes, characterized by lush mountains and serene waters. The village is predominantly inhabited by the Zheng (郑), Wu (武), Chen (陈), and Li (李) families, each maintaining their ancestral halls. The village layout resembles a compact town, with three main streets and nine alleys, named after local surnames and geographical features. The streets are paved with stone slabs, and most houses are traditional courtyard-style, oriented north-south, showcasing local architectural characteristics. The well-preserved ancestral halls of the Chen and Zheng families serve as significant cultural landmarks.

Zhengying Village features a distinctive architectural style that integrates ancient pagoda-like grandeur, palace temple elegance, intricate pavilions, and tranquil classical gardens, creating a rich cultural heritage. On November 16, 1993, the Chen family ancestral hall was designated as a provincial-level cultural relic protection unit in Yunnan. In early 1999, Zhengying was recognized as the first and only provincial-level historical and cultural village in Yunnan, earning it the title “First Village in Yunnan.”

Historical Cultural Village

On January 19, 1999, Zhengying Village was honored as a provincial-level historical and cultural village by the Yunnan Provincial Committee and Government, becoming a shining pearl by Chiru Lake. With a history spanning over 600 years, the village is characterized by its surname and geography-named streets, and well-preserved traditional courtyards. There are a total of 403 courtyards in the village, with 28 remaining intact.

The village showcases notable buildings, including the grand Chen and Zheng ancestral halls, which feature exquisite wood carvings that reflect a high level of cultural artistry. Nestled amidst picturesque landscapes, the architecture of the village captures a unique historical and cultural essence.

Architectural Culture

Zhengying Village is characterized by traditional courtyard-style residences, with 190 houses predominantly oriented north-south. The prominent historical buildings include the Chen and Zheng ancestral halls, as well as various traditional residences.

Chen Family Ancestral Hall

Established: 1925
Area: 2,577 square meters
Features: The hall is the most magnificent ancient structure in Zhengying, with an archway entrance and stone construction. Inside, visitors can find inscriptions from notable historical figures, adding to its cultural significance.

Zheng Family Ancestral Hall

Similar in grandeur to the Chen hall, it features intricate carvings and decorations, showcasing various creatures and designs that reflect local artistic traditions.

Sima Residence

History: Originally built in the early Ming Dynasty but destroyed by fire, the current structure dates back to the Republic of China era.
Architecture: It features a unique blend of traditional Chinese styles with Western influences.

Zhengying Primary School

Established: 1912
Area: 1,852.83 square meters
Features: Recognized as a classical garden-style building, it promotes educational advancement and features beautiful landscaping.

Long Spring Pavilion (长春阁) and Jade Emperor Pavilion (玉皇阁)

Established: 1929
Location: 1,500 meters from Zhengying Village, nestled on the slopes of the Yunyun Mountain.
Architecture: Both pavilions exhibit unique architectural styles and are adorned with statues and inscriptions, making them popular tourist destinations.

Recognition and Honors

Zhengying Village has received numerous accolades over the years, highlighting its cultural and ecological significance:

December 2022: Zhangbenzhai natural village was recognized as a beautiful village under Yunnan’s rural revitalization project.
September 2020: Included in the first batch of provincial-level forest villages in Yunnan.
June 2016: Awarded the title of “National Ecological Cultural Village” by the China Ecological Culture Association.
December 2012: Listed among the first batch of traditional villages in China.
October 2008: Selected as one of the fourth batch of historical and cultural villages in China.
October 2021: Included in the public list of civilized villages in Honghe Prefecture.

How to Get There

Zhengying Village is easily accessible by road from Shiping County. Visitors can take a taxi or local bus to reach Baoxiu Town, followed by a short drive to the village. The surrounding areas are well-connected, making it convenient for travelers.

Travel Tips

Best Time to Visit: The ideal times to explore the village are during spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) when the weather is mild and landscapes are particularly beautiful.
Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying local dishes that feature ingredients sourced from the surrounding landscapes, such as fresh vegetables and unique local herbs.
Cultural Etiquette: Be respectful when visiting ancestral halls and residential areas, as they hold significant cultural importance for the local community.
Photography: Capture the beautiful landscapes and unique architecture, but ensure you have permission before photographing people or private properties to respect local customs.
Accommodation: Consider staying in nearby towns or guesthouses that offer a glimpse of local life, enhancing your cultural experience.

Zhengying Village’s rich cultural heritage and stunning architecture make it a compelling destination for those interested in history and local traditions.

Location and Accessibility

Nuohei Village (糯黑村) is located in Guishan Town (圭山镇), Shilin Yi Autonomous County (石林彝族自治县), Kunming City (昆明市), Yunnan Province (云南省). It lies 4 kilometers west of the town’s government, with a well-paved road providing easy access, only 32 kilometers from the county seat. To the east, it borders Haiyi Village Committee (海邑村委会), to the south is Yizheng Village Committee (宜政村委会), to the west is Yusheng Village Committee (雨胜村委会), and to the north is E Chong Yi Village Committee (额冲衣村委会). The village comprises two groups: Big Nuohei (大糯黑) and Small Nuohei (小糯黑).

If you’re planning your Kunming Ethnic Villages Tour, visiting Nuohei Village is a must. It offers a glimpse into the local folk culture, including history, food, clothing, customs, architecture, festivals, crafts, religion, and language of the Sani ethnic group.

Unique Features of Nuohei Village

Stepping into Nuohei Village, adjacent to the world-renowned Stone Forest (石林), you’ll encounter an authentic stone realm. The village’s residences and utensils are largely constructed from natural limestone, evident in the roofs, walls, tobacco kilns, stables, grinding mills, gates, and roads. Some of these stone houses are over a century old, captivating explorers with their history.

Nuohei Village is situated in a karst geographical area, where locals utilize nearby natural resources. After extracting limestone, villagers create slabs for paving roads or constructing homes. Historically, the forebears of Nuohei selected flat areas in the rocky mountains for construction, with enough stones unearthed from building foundations to construct entire homes.

The architecture features wooden and stone elements, with most families having a main house (three rooms) and a side house (two wing rooms). Vibrant ancient trees and bamboo groves surround each home.

Nuohei’s artistic appeal has drawn many art students for outdoor painting, making it a haven for creativity.

Culinary Experience

As Nuohei becomes increasingly recognized, many villagers have opened restaurants, such as Cengshi Villa (层石别墅), Sitongyuan (四通苑), Yulanyuan (雨兰苑), Luosonghang (罗松行), Lijiayuan (李家院), and Family Wang’s Compound (王家院). Here, you can indulge in traditional Sani dishes.

Historical Context

Nuohei Village was established in the 21st year (1816) of the Jiaqing Reign (嘉庆) of the Qing Dynasty (清朝) and served as a pass for horse caravans from Luxi (泸西) to Kunming. During the warlord era in the 1920s, villagers built stone walls and gates to protect against banditry.

Old villagers recall that near the entrance to the Mizhi Holy Forest (密枝神林), there were two steles detailing the village’s history, which were unfortunately destroyed during the Cultural Revolution (文化大革命).

In July 2009, the 16th Congress of the International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences was held in Kunming, during which approximately 130 experts visited Nuohei Village.

The Mizhi Festival (密枝节)

95% of the villagers are members of the Sani ethnic group. Each lunar November, they celebrate the Mizhi Festival, exclusively attended by men. The festival lasts between three to seven days, with dates varying among different branches of the Yi people.

Mizhi Forest, regarded as a “sacred forest,” is a revered place for the Sani people. During the festival, men gather to select a Mizhiweng (密枝翁), who oversees the ceremonies, while women stay indoors.

The ceremony requires a white goat, rooster, and pig, and the Mizhiweng assigns tasks to participants. Following ancient traditions, the Bimo (彝族祭司) leads eligible men to the Mizhi Forest to find the holy Mizhi Tree. They carry the Mizhi God to the priest’s home for a ceremonial cleansing before returning it to the forest the next day.

Throughout the festival, the priest and men tour the village, publicly addressing misbehaviors. The Mizhi God is believed to protect the Sani people, with various folklores surrounding the festival.

Travel Tips

Accessibility: Nuohei Village is located 4 km from the local council of Kuishan Town and 30 km from Shilin County. It is also 25 km from the Stone Forest.
Travel Services: You can contact local travel services in Kunming to arrange tours to the Stone Forest and Nuohei Village.

Geography and Environment

Nuohei Village is situated in a karst development area characterized by rocky mountains. The locals traditionally extract stones following the natural patterns to create slabs for construction. The village features closed stone-wood architecture, with vibrant red-painted timber used for beams, doors, and windows. The outer walls are made of stone slabs, while the roofs are tiled with flat and cylindrical tiles.

Most homes have two stories, featuring three main rooms and two wing rooms. The village overlooks the famous Laoguishan (老圭山) and is surrounded by lush green mountains. Nearly every household boasts ancient trees and bamboo groves, creating a picturesque environment.

Demographics and Culture

Nuohei Village maintains a pure Sani culture, with over 600 villagers—only 25 Han and 1 Zhuang, all of whom speak Yi. The Sani people celebrate their traditions, embodying simplicity and warmth.

The village celebrates the Mizhi Festival, a significant occasion for prayer and offerings to ensure prosperity. The villagers gather to perform sacred rituals during the day, and at night, they express their moral values and denounce wrongdoing.

A round stage made of stones is constructed for performances during festivals, where traditional Sani dances, especially the lively Sanxian Dance (大三弦舞), take place, fostering a spirit of community and celebration.

Notable Historical Events

Nuohei Village dates back to 1816, originally serving as a horse caravan stop. To safeguard the village during conflicts, locals constructed defensive walls and watchtowers. Historical records engraved in Yi and Han scripts were once present at the village’s entrance but were lost during the Cultural Revolution.

Walking through Nuohei, you can feel the remnants of history, as the stone houses tell tales of the past through the stories shared by the elders.

Shopping Opportunities

Wax Dyeing: This traditional hand-dyeing craft is prevalent in Yunnan’s minority regions. Prices for a piece of wax-dyed fabric are approximately 15 RMB.
Magnolia Flowers: Before blooming, the buds resemble the tip of a brush and can be used in medicine. Magnolia pancakes, made with the flowers, cost around 70 RMB each.

Getting There

To reach Nuohei Village, take a minibus from Kunming Juhua Village Bus Station to Shilin County (10 RMB), and then transfer to a microbus near the Ashima Movie Theater in the county (5 RMB).

With its rich cultural heritage and stunning landscapes, Nuohei Village is a delightful destination for anyone exploring the ethnic diversity of Yunnan Province.

Overview

The Former Residence of Yuan Jiagu (袁嘉谷) is located at 22 Nan Zheng Street, Yilong Town, Shiping County, Honghe (石屏县城异龙镇南正街22号). Covering an area of 695.8 square meters with a building area of 875.9 square meters, this residence is a classic wooden Siheyuan (四合院) from the Qing Dynasty. The exhibits within the residence provide a vital window into the cultural history of Shiping.

Interior Features

Upon entering the courtyard, visitors are greeted by a large portrait of Yuan Jiagu displayed prominently on the west wall of the main hall. The upstairs showcases Yuan’s biography, works, and calligraphy, while the lower level exhibits historical artifacts from Shiping. The side rooms served as Yuan’s study during his lifetime, housing his treasured writing tools.

Despite its modest size, the residence encapsulates the rich historical and cultural essence of Shiping, making it an excellent place for locals to learn about their cultural heritage. In 1993, it was designated a provincial cultural relic protection unit in Yunnan.

About Yuan Jiagu

Yuan Jiagu (袁嘉谷, 1872-1937), whose courtesy name was Shuwu (树五) and art name Shupu (树圃), was a prominent figure in Yunnan’s educational and cultural landscape. Renowned for his contributions as a professor at Yunnan University, he was celebrated as a unique national scholar and the top scholar in the region. His self-created calligraphy style, known as “Yuan Family Script” (袁家书), marked his exceptional status.

Architectural Features

The residence features intricately carved beams and a horizontal plaque at the entrance bearing the words “Economic Special Scholar” (经济特元) in gold on a red background. The couplets on either side read:

“The fish pond is clear after rain, the wind stirs the fragrance of ink and paper” (雨过鱼池清，风荡纸墨香)
“A thousand years of shade from the fishweed, the pine sound stretches nine miles” (萱蔭千秋松声九里)

Above the second gate is a black plaque reading “Tai Shi Di” (太史第).

Yuan Jiagu’s Life

Yuan Jiagu was born on July 12, 1872, in Shiping. At 21, he moved to Kunming for examinations and achieved high ranks, earning the title of “King of Examinations” (课王). Despite setbacks, he persevered and became a high-ranking official and educator. His achievements included ranking first in the “Economic Special Examination” (经济特科) in 1904, a significant milestone as it marked Yunnan’s first top scholar since the abolition of the imperial examination system.

Contributions and Legacy

In 1903, Yuan passed the unique Economic Special Examination, focusing on governance and practical solutions. His status was elevated above ordinary scholars, earning him the nickname “National Third Scholar” (国朝第三人). His contributions to education included developing textbooks and introducing terms still in use today.

Later in life, he established the Shiping Library and advocated for improving national literacy. His works, including identifying the birthplace of Zheng He (郑和), emphasized the importance of local history.

Travel Tips

Getting There: The residence is accessible via local transportation or by car. The nearest major city is Kunming, which has frequent bus and train services to Shiping County.
Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn are ideal for pleasant weather.
Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying local dishes in nearby restaurants for a complete cultural experience.

By visiting the Former Residence of Yuan Jiagu, you gain insight into Yunnan’s educational heritage and the legacy of one of its most revered scholars.

Overview

Wande Temple, located in the southwestern part of Little Xishan Mountain (小西山) in Yilong Town (异龙镇), Shiping County (石屏县), was originally constructed during the Ming Dynasty under the Chenghua period (1465-1487). The temple was later renovated during the Qing Dynasty, specifically in the Guangxu and Xuantong eras. The temple is built against the mountain and consists of six halls, all featuring single-eave, hard mountain roofs with a combination of bracket and purlin structures, measuring 13 meters wide and 8 meters deep. Originally, the temple housed a bronze bell from the 15th year of the Chenghua era (1479), which is now kept at Shiping No. 1 Middle School (石屏一中). The temple grounds are adorned with lush greenery, characterized by winding paths.

Cultural Significance

The Wande Temple, alongside the Confucian Temple (文庙) built during the Ming Dynasty and the ancient charm of Little Xishan, reflects a rich historical legacy. The former residence of Yuan Jiagu (袁嘉谷), an esteemed scholar from the late Qing Dynasty, was designated a provincial cultural heritage site in 1993, narrating stories of the past. The Luose Temple’s (罗色庙) murals have been recognized as a state-level cultural relic, carrying profound cultural significance. The newly constructed Huanwen Park (焕文公园) integrates the county’s cultural landscapes and features various distinctive attractions, showcasing the town’s diverse charm.

Shiping No. 1 Middle School commemorates its 80th anniversary with landmarks such as Qihe Tower (企鹤楼), Pen Pearl (喷珠), and Xike Spring (喜客泉), which not only record the evolution of history but also testify to the brilliance of education.

Literary Heritage

Notable Yi ethnic writer Li Qiao (李乔) emerged from this area, contributing significantly to the cultural fabric of Yilong Town. Here, every landscape is steeped in rich cultural heritage, every building carries historical memories, and every story connects the past with the future. Yilong Town is not just a tourist destination; it is a crossroads of culture and history, waiting for every explorer to discover and experience.

Location

Address: Southwest of Little Xishan Mountain, Yilong Town, Shiping County

Yilong Town

Yilong Town comprises the former Yilong Town, Maohe Town (冒合镇), and Taocun Town (陶村镇). It is located at the center of Shiping County, in the suburbs, positioned between longitudes 102°17′ to 102°37′ east and latitudes 23°29′ to 23°47′ north. It borders Baxin Town (坝心镇) to the east, connects with Niujie Town (牛街镇) to the south, shares a boundary with Baoxiu Town (宝秀镇) to the west, and neighbors Xincheng Town (新城乡) to the north. The town is 241 kilometers from the provincial capital, Kunming (昆明市), and 149 kilometers from the state capital, Mengzi County (蒙自县). The maximum span from east to west is 23 kilometers, and the maximum span from north to south is 24.2 kilometers.

How to Get There

To reach Wande Temple, travel from Kunming to Shiping County by road, which takes approximately 3 to 4 hours. Once in Shiping, take local transportation to Yilong Town, followed by a short hike up to Little Xishan Mountain.

Travel Tips

Best Time to Visit: The temple is particularly scenic during spring and autumn when the weather is mild.
Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying local dishes in Yilong Town to enhance your cultural experience.
Cultural Etiquette: Be respectful when visiting religious sites; observe local customs and practices.
Safety: Ensure to carry water and wear comfortable shoes for the hike to the temple.

Overview

The Chen Clan Ancestral Hall石屏县陈鹤亭故居/石屏县陈氏宗祠 is located in Zhengying Village (郑营村), Baoxiu Town (宝秀镇), Shiping County (石屏县), Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省). Established in the fourteenth year of the Republic of China (民国十四年, 1925), it covers an area of 2,577 square meters. The ancestral hall faces south and consists of a gate, stone bridge, middle hall, main hall, paifang (牌坊), and side halls, forming a two-courtyard structure. The entire hall features intricately carved beams and screens, painted and gilded decorations, grand scale, rigorous structure, exquisite craftsmanship, and a magnificent classical Chinese architectural style.

On May 25, 2006, the Chen Clan Ancestral Hall was announced by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China as a key cultural relic protection unit in the sixth batch.

Chinese Name: 陈氏宗祠
Location: Zhengying Village (郑营村), Baoxiu Town (宝秀镇), Shiping County (石屏县), Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省)
Historical Era: Republic of China (民国)
Area: 2,577 m²
Protection Level: Key cultural relic protection unit, sixth batch (第六批全国重点文物保护单位)
Approved By: State Council of the People’s Republic of China (中华人民共和国国务院)
Code: 6-1059-5-186

Historical Development

The Chen Clan Ancestral Hall was built in the fourteenth year of the Republic of China (1925) with funding from Mr. Chen Jun (陈钧, also known as Chen Heting, 陈鹤亭). After October 1949, for a long period, the hall was poorly managed as it was only inhabited by a mute person. During the Cultural Revolution, the hall suffered significant damage due to the “Four Olds” campaign, including arson that destroyed many precious artifacts.

The hall has undergone various restoration efforts since then to preserve its architectural and cultural significance.

Architectural Features

The Chen Clan Ancestral Hall is a south-facing structure made of earth and wood, featuring a three-courtyard layout with blue tiles. The gate is tall and majestic, built in the style of a paifang with brick and stone, comprising three openings with arches made of bricks and stones. In front of the main entrance, a small bridge leads across a pond, adorned with intricately carved animal figures such as elephants and lions. This design beautifully combines classical Chinese colonnade architecture with local stilt houses, showcasing the wisdom and exquisite craftsmanship of the builders. The decorations reflect the themes of Confucianism and the local cultural heritage.

Main Structures

Gate (祠门): The gate faces the street, standing 6 meters high, designed as a paifang structure. It features a pair of stone lions flanking the entrance. Four square stone plaques bear the inscription “Chen Clan Ancestral Hall” (陈氏宗祠), written by Zhu Jiabao (朱家宝), a Jinshi (进士) from Guangxu. The couplet inscribed by Chen Heting reads: “阀阅焕牂牁，争夸妫水长流，弓冶箕裘绵百世；祠堂邻宝秀，更喜瑞湖在望，波光山色满一门。” This couplet reflects the family’s past glory and their hopes for the future.
Lotus Pond (莲池): Upon entering, there is a lotus pond, oval in shape and approximately 2 meters deep. It serves both aesthetic and functional purposes, enhancing the courtyard’s beauty while providing fire protection.
Stone Bridge (石桥): A three-arch stone bridge spans the pond, dividing it into two sections, adorned with stone drums and protective railings made of dark blue stone.
Middle Hall (中殿): Built on a stone platform, the middle hall features 30 large columns supporting a single eave gable roof. It harmonizes colonnade architecture with stilt house characteristics, exhibiting elegance and a sense of spirituality.
Main Hall (正殿): The main hall stands on a 1.2-meter high stone platform, showcasing a wooden structure with a double-eave gable roof. It consists of three main sections, a corridor, and two levels. The intricate carvings include motifs of longevity and bamboo, reflecting traditional Chinese decorative styles.

Additional Structures

Paifang (牌楼): Located on either side of the pond, these are wooden structures with a heavy eave design, adding to the hall’s grandeur.
Decorative Elements: The hall is adorned with various carvings and decorative elements, such as:
- Bats (蝙蝠): Symbolizing good fortune, prominently featured in the designs.
- Dragons and Phoenixes: Representing power and prosperity, often seen in traditional Chinese architecture.

Cultural Heritage Protection

In November 1993, the Chen Clan Ancestral Hall was recognized as a provincial-level cultural relic protection unit by the Yunnan Provincial People’s Government. It was later designated as a national key cultural relic protection unit by the State Council on May 25, 2006.

Travel Information

Location: Chen Clan Ancestral Hall is located about 40 meters southeast of Zhengying Primary School in Zhengying section of Shiping County.

How to Get There

To drive to the Chen Clan Ancestral Hall, start from the Shiping County government, which is approximately 12.9 kilometers away, taking about 25 minutes. Local transport options may also be available, including buses or taxis.

Travel Tips

Best Time to Visit: Spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) offer pleasant weather.
Respect Local Customs: Be respectful during your visit, especially if there are ongoing ceremonies.
Photography: Capture the beauty of the architecture and surroundings, but seek permission before photographing individuals.
Local Cuisine: Try local delicacies in nearby towns to enrich your travel experience.
Stay Hydrated: Bring water, especially during warm months, to stay refreshed.
Guided Tours: Consider joining a guided tour for deeper insights into the history and culture of the Chen family and the ancestral hall.

Overview

The Eco Bayberry Gardens (生态杨梅园) in Shiping County (石屏县) are predominantly located around the provincial scenic spots Yilong Lake (异龙湖) and Chiru Lake (赤瑞湖), with about 80% of the gardens found in these areas. Visiting the bayberry gardens for picking and tasting is extremely convenient, with numerous gardens spread around, complementing the many historical sites along the “Two Lakes” region, creating a delightful experience that lingers in the memory.

Seasonal Experience

Throughout the bayberry ripening season, the streets and alleys of Shiping County fill with vehicles and visitors from afar. The gardens are bustling with people, laughter, and joy. Under the deep green bayberry trees, visitors pick the fruit while savoring its deliciousness, fully immersing themselves in the beautiful scenery and natural environment by Yilong Lake, forgetting the time spent there. This vibrant atmosphere lasts for over a month.

Local saying: “石屏杨梅红满天，酸甜可口味道鲜，八方宾客小城聚，石屏五月胜过年。”
Translation: “The bayberries of Shiping are abundant, sweet and sour, attracting guests from all directions; May in Shiping surpasses the New Year.”

Characteristics of Shiping Bayberry

Shiping Bayberry (石屏杨梅) is a specialty of Shiping County, Yunnan Province (云南省石屏县), recognized as a national agricultural product geographic indication.

Harvest Time: Bayberries can be picked from mid-April, which is 40 to 60 days earlier than in Zhejiang (浙江) and Fujian (福建), and over 20 days earlier than in Fumin County (富民县) in Yunnan Province.
Quality Assessment: Experts from the Ministry of Agriculture of China have assessed Shiping Bayberries as high quality, with a high sugar content, rich in various vitamins, and characterized by large fruit, small seeds, vibrant color, juicy texture, balanced sweet and sour flavor, pleasant aroma, early maturity, and high nutritional value.
Geographical Indication: Approved for registration protection on December 24, 2010, by the Ministry of Agriculture (农业部).

Product Characteristics

External Appearance

Shiping Bayberries are medium-sized, with an irregular round or flattened spherical shape. On average, each fruit weighs about 10 grams, with the heaviest reaching 16 grams. The skin is dark purplish-red, slightly convex at the top, flat at the bottom, with distinct seams and a small stem. The flesh is tender, moderately sweet and sour, red or light red inside, juicy, aromatic, and has small seeds.

Internal Quality

Shiping Bayberries have a high sugar content, rich nutritional value, and early maturity. They contain:

Soluble solids ≥ 10.5%
Total sugar ≥ 9.5%
Titration acid ≥ 0.7%

Nutritional content per 100 grams includes:

Water: 83.4–92.0 grams
Calories: 28 kcal
Protein: 0.8 grams
Fat: 0.2 grams
Carbohydrates: 5.7 grams
Dietary fiber: 1 gram
Vitamin C: 9 mg
Potassium: 149 mg
And other vitamins and minerals.

Medicinal Value

Meridian: Enters the lung and stomach meridians.
Functions: Quenches thirst, harmonizes the stomach, aids digestion, treats thirst, vomiting, diarrhea, dysentery, abdominal pain, and helps with detoxification.

Environmental Conditions

Topography

The soil types in Shiping County are primarily rice soil, alluvial soil, red clay, mountain red soil, sandy loam, and sheep liver stone soil. The terrain is characterized by higher elevations in the northwest and lower in the southeast, with significant vertical differences. The region has numerous mountains, clear rivers, and lush landscapes, with mountainous areas accounting for 95% of the total land area.

Hydrology

Shiping County is situated between the Red River (红河) and Zhujiang River (珠江) watersheds, boasting 35 rivers and abundant clean water resources without industrial pollution. The main river, the Red River, runs through the county, and it is home to two natural lakes: Yilong Lake and Chiru Lake.

Climate

Shiping County has a subtropical mountain climate with significant vertical differences. The average annual temperature is 18.2°C, with the hottest month (July) averaging 27.7°C and the coldest month (January) averaging 9.1°C. The area receives 850 to 1100 mm of rainfall annually, primarily from May to October.

Historical Background

Shiping is one of the main regions in China where wild bayberries grow, rich in resources with four discovered wild varieties. Bayberries have been consumed by local ethnic groups for centuries, with mentions in historical texts dating back to the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.

Production Status

In 2010, the bayberry cultivation area in Shiping reached 6,666.7 hectares, making it the largest county in Yunnan for both area and production. By 2017, the total area had increased to 128,300 acres, with around 100 enterprises involved in bayberry production and marketing.