Overview

Wanmu Caoshan Grassland (万亩草山) is located in Maming Town (马鸣乡), Malong County (马龙区), Qujing (曲靖), Yunnan Province (云南省). This artificial grassland covers over 12,000 acres and is just 1 kilometer from the town government, 36 kilometers from Malong County seat, and 16 kilometers from the old county interchange on the Kunming-Qujing Expressway. With its picturesque European pastoral scenery and the grandeur of the northern grasslands, it offers a refreshing experience typical of Mongolian grasslands.

Geographic Location

Wanmu Caoshan Grassland lies in the central part of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau (云贵高原), spanning from 102°42′ to 104°50′ East Longitude and 24°19′ to 27°03′ North Latitude. It borders Guizhou (贵州) and Guangxi (广西) to the east, Kunming (昆明) to the west, Wenshan (文山) and Honghe (红河) to the south, and Zhaotong (昭通) and Bijie (毕节) to the north. This area is an important land route connecting Yunnan to the inland regions, often referred to as the “key to Yunnan” (云南咽喉). Qujing is Yunnan’s second-largest city, after Kunming, and an important industrial hub.

Natural Attractions

Located in a region with rich natural beauty, Wanmu Caoshan Grassland features unique landscapes, vibrant ethnic culture, and a pleasant climate. The area is characterized by karst topography (喀斯特地貌), surrounded by lush mountains and vast grasslands, embodying the essence of rural serenity. It is well-known for its picturesque views, where one can see livestock grazing gently in the breeze. The local Yi culture (彝族) adds to the charm, offering traditional drinks such as the famed Yi-style wine (泡缸酒), cherished for its clear color and sweet flavor.

Tourism Development

In recent years, Malong County has seized the opportunity to develop a leisure and entertainment hub between Kunming and Qujing. The local government aims to enhance the area’s tourism infrastructure while preserving its natural resources. The focus is on balancing development with environmental protection, ensuring that the unique natural and cultural advantages of Wanmu Caoshan are maintained.

Travel Consumption

• Parking Fee: Parking around the scenic area is not convenient.
• Guide Fee: No guide is necessary for this area.
• Car Rental Fee: Car type: Great Wall Haval (长城哈弗); Price: 550 CNY per day.
• Local Products: Wild delicacies such as chicken fungus (鸡枞), bamboo fungus (竹荪), and wood ear mushrooms (木耳) are available, along with local handicrafts like Miezha crafts (蔑扎工艺品), embroidery (刺绣), batik (蜡染), and specialty products like Du Zhong tea (杜仲茶) and Yunjing wine (云精酒).

How to Get There

To reach Wanmu Caoshan Grassland, you can drive or take a bus to Malong County. From there, follow the signs for Maming Town, which is about a 20-minute drive. If you prefer public transportation, buses are available from Qujing to Malong.

Travel Tips

1. Transportation: If you’re traveling by car, the route is straightforward with road signs. Public buses are also an option from Qujing.
2. Shopping: Look for local delicacies and handicrafts as souvenirs.
3. Accommodation: There are various local guesthouses and hotels in Malong County for a comfortable stay.
4. Best Time to Visit: The scenic grasslands are particularly beautiful in summer when the flora is lush.
5. Festivals: Enjoy local cultural events and festivals that showcase Yi traditions and local products during the peak tourist season.

Location:

Tongxuan Cave is located in the western outskirts of Shizong County (师宗县), Yunnan Province (云南省). The cave is composed of Baiyun limestone (白云质灰岩) from the Middle Triassic period and is situated on the side of a reverse fault. It consists of three sections: the upper, middle, and lower caves, which are interconnected and feature both water and dry caves.

Introduction

The lower cave is named “Tongyuan” (通源), where a clear spring flows gently eastward and extends approximately 0.5 kilometers. The middle cave is called “Tongyou” (通幽), stretching about 1 kilometer, deep and mysterious. The upper cave, named “Tongxuan” (通玄), is about 0.1 kilometers long and has seven interconnected halls. In the main hall, a massive stalagmite resembles a giant turtle stretching towards a waterfall cascading downwards.

Passing through the “Divine Brush Hall” (神笔厅) leads to the “Four Seasons Hall” (四季厅), which showcases scenes of spring, summer, autumn, and winter. To the south, graceful willows sway in the wind; to the north, snow blankets the ground under a frozen sky; to the east, beneath the pine-covered mountains, a group of white elephants play leisurely in the forest; and to the west, rolling hills and layered pines create a vibrant autumn landscape with hues of green, yellow, and red. The cave’s stalactites are colorful and diverse, resembling various animals and birds. A notable feature is the “Heavenly Script Wall” (天书壁), a sloping stone wall about 4 meters wide and 14 meters long, adorned with an intricate pattern that appears as symbols from a distance but resembles characters up close.

Tongxuan Cave is located 500 meters west of Shizong County, nestled in the TianTai Mountain (天台山) range, with its entrance facing northeast. Historical descriptions reference it as having “a phoenix holding a book” and “a parrot gazing far.”

Structural Overview

Tongxuan Cave is regarded as one of the most distinguished underground karst caves on the plateau. It is divided into three parts: the upper cave (Tongxuan), the middle cave (Tongyou), and the lower cave (Tongyuan). The upper cave is vast and spacious, containing multiple halls connected to one another, with numerous stalactites predominantly in white and crimson hues. A significant feature is the “Two Heavens” (两重天), where the lower section is crimson and the upper section is milky white, giving it the nickname. At the top, a large stone bears two footprints, commonly referred to as the “Immortal’s Footprints” (仙人脚印).

The essence of Tongxuan Cave lies in the middle section. From 300 meters south of the upper cave, one descends over 10 meters, revealing a giant hand reaching out from the cave’s ceiling, clutching a banana plant. Following the strings of banana trees through the “Cold Snowy Land” (冷天雪地) in the north, the passage narrows. Inside, the water reaches up to one’s waist, with numerous stone lotuses, mills, pillars, and pedestals. Due to the drop in water levels, slender stalactites protrude from the walls, resembling intricate murals that extend to the cave’s end. This, along with hundreds of bonsai “floating” in the water, creates a three-dimensional landscape painting. The “mystery” of Tongxuan Cave likely refers to these extraordinary natural masterpieces.

How to Get There

To reach Tongxuan Cave, you can drive to Shizong County from Kunming (昆明), which is about a 2.5-hour journey. Public transportation options include buses from Kunming to Shizong, followed by a short taxi ride to the cave entrance.

Travel Tips

1. Best Time to Visit: The best time to explore Tongxuan Cave is during the spring and autumn months when temperatures are mild and the surrounding scenery is picturesque.
2. What to Bring: Make sure to wear comfortable shoes suitable for walking and consider bringing a flashlight, as some areas within the cave may be dimly lit.
3. Guided Tours: Hiring a local guide can enhance your experience, providing insights into the cave’s history and geology.
4. Safety Precautions: Be cautious of wet and slippery surfaces within the cave, and keep an eye on your belongings.
5. Photography: Capture the stunning natural formations, but be respectful of the environment by not touching or climbing on the stalactites and stalagmites.

Wufeng Mountain is located in the MaJie Town (马街镇) of Luliang County (陆良县), Qujing City (曲靖市), Yunnan Province (云南省), with a highest elevation of 2,339 meters (7,674 feet) and an average elevation around 2,000 meters (6,561 feet). It forms a crescent-shaped ring with the southern slopes of Zhongnan Mountain (终南山) and Longhai Mountain (龙海山), nestled within colorful sand forests. The area boasts various renowned trees, as well as numerous birds, beasts, and medicinal fungi, making it a small kingdom of wild flora and fauna.

Scenic Overview

Wufeng Mountain is known for its unique natural landscapes, including one river, one temple, one pond, two fields, three slopes, three ditches, three rocks, five hollows, five cliffs, five peaks, and a multitude of butterflies, birds, trees, and flowers. The mountain features both natural wonders and human cultural sites, including sculptures of historical figures.

Scenic Description

Wufeng Mountain serves as the main peak of the Nanling Mountains (南岭). It is said to be the second summer retreat of the Cuanshi (爨氏) family, with its highest peak reaching 2,339 meters. The mountain features a long flowing river and a reservoir with a capacity of 380,000 cubic meters. The area is home to various rare trees, including a white ginkgo tree with a diameter of 1.8 meters. Some cypress trees grow among the rocks, ancient and robust, said to be nourished by the essence of the sun and moon, embodying longevity among cypress trees. This region is also rich in diverse wildlife, creating a small kingdom of wild flora and fauna.

The mountain’s landscapes are ever-changing; as one moves, new views unfold, each unique and captivating. Notably, the mountain features many distinct rock formations that resemble castles, walls, and foundations, leading to speculation about their origins—be it ancient ruins, dragon palaces, or even alien designs, allowing for imaginative stories and myths.

An ancient visitor left an inscription stating: “Visiting here, I feel as if I am still in the mountains, with colors like water, and sounds akin to birds in the forest,” indicating that the traveler had truly immersed themselves in this picturesque scene.

Historical Context

Wufeng Temple (五峰山寺) is said to have been established during the reign of the Cuanshi family over 1,600 years ago and was referred to as Xingfu Temple (兴福寺) during the Ming Dynasty. There is a beautiful legend associated with this temple. During the Guangxu era of the Qing Dynasty (清光绪), a young scholar named Yin Chengluan (殷承瓛) from Liangdi Village (良迪村) in Luliang came to self-study at the temple. He vowed that if he became successful, he would erect stone sculptures of a lion, a donkey, an elephant, and a unicorn in front of the temple. Later, he went to study in Japan, participated in revolutionary activities led by Sun Yat-sen (孙中山), and after returning, took part in the “Nine Nine Uprising” in Yunnan. He eventually became a senior advisor to the commander of the western expedition during the National Protection War. In his later years, he became a devout Buddhist and fulfilled his vow by erecting stone sculptures in front of Wufeng Temple.

Main Attractions

Wufeng Mountain features stunning natural and cultural attractions, including:

• One river
• One temple
• One pond
• Two fields
• Three slopes
• Three ditches
• Three rocks
• Five hollows
• Five cliffs
• Five peaks
• A hundred butterflies
• A hundred birds
• A thousand flowers
• A hundred trees

The mountain is rich with diverse landscapes and is filled with serenity. In the deep parts of Wufeng Mountain lies a large, primordial forest where ancient trees and vines create a peaceful, shaded environment, filled with the sounds of nature.

In front of the temple, there is a ginkgo tree that has regenerated after a hundred years; beside it, there are springs concealed by cliffs with dripping water that sounds like gentle chimes. At the base of the mountain, a giant rock is home to four cypress trees, creating a stunning natural spectacle.

On sunny days, Wufeng Mountain appears as a sea of greenery, swaying in the wind; on cloudy days, it is surrounded by white mist, creating a mystical atmosphere. In the morning, the mountain glows with the light of dawn, while at dusk, the surrounding forests are painted in vibrant colors.

How to Get There

Wufeng Mountain is located about 8 kilometers from Luliang County (陆良县). You can choose to drive there, as the route is well-marked and takes approximately 20 minutes. If you prefer cycling, there are scenic country roads leading to the mountain. For those coming from Kunming (昆明), direct buses to Luliang can be taken from the Eastern Bus Station (东部客运站) or Dongju Bus Station (东菊客运站).

Travel Tips

1. Transportation: To reach Wufeng Mountain, you can take public bus line 144 from Qujing City (曲靖市) to the scenic area. If you prefer not to take public transport, taxis are available.
2. Shopping: The area is known for its long-haired rabbit farming and silk production. Local specialties include preserved duck and honey pears.
3. Accommodation: Qujing has 23 star-rated hotels, including five three-star hotels, two preparing for three stars, nine two-star hotels, and seven one-star hotels, offering a total of 4,205 beds. These hotels provide complete facilities and a comfortable environment, ideal for travelers.
4. Dining: There are 12 officially recognized “farm stay” (农家乐) establishments in the area, making dining convenient for visitors.
5. Best Time to Visit: The summer is particularly lovely with blooming lotus flowers, while autumn brings fragrant rice fields, creating a picturesque scene reminiscent of southern water towns. Each summer, thousands of tourists flock to enjoy the “fragrance of rice flowers” and the “sounds of frogs accompanying the beauty of lotus flowers.”
6. Festivals and Activities: The best activity during the lotus bloom season is, of course, enjoying the beautiful flowers.

Location:

Introduction to the Scenic Spot

Baishuitang Pond (白水塘) is located in Sanchahe Town, Luliang County (陆良县), Qujing City (曲靖市), Yunnan Province (云南省). It is 15 kilometers from the county seat and is the largest and last lake remaining from the Luliang Basin.

This scenic area is situated about 150 kilometers east of Kunming (昆明), approximately 23 kilometers south of the Zhaokuai Station (召夸站) on the South Kun Railway, less than 60 kilometers from the Shilin Scenic Area (石林), and about 45 kilometers from the Jiu Xiang Scenic Area (九乡风景区).

Currently, the lotus area in the pond spans 6 square kilometers, surrounded by fertile farmland and convenient transportation. In summer, the lush lotus leaves and blooming flowers create a picturesque landscape. Visitors can row a small boat through the vast lotus fields, enjoying the scenic beauty of the lake and fields, described in poetry as: “Rowing amidst the lotus, fish and shrimp play by the boat; the blue waves connect with the sky, the scent of lotus seeds fills the air.” This serene retreat away from the hustle and bustle of city life offers opportunities for fishing, photography, and savoring locally caught fish alongside delicious stewed potatoes. A visit to Baishuitang is a must when in Luliang.

The air here is clean and fresh, making it a perfect spot for relaxation, especially with its proximity to other attractions such as the Cuanlongyan Monument (爨龙颜碑), the AAAA-rated Caise Shalin Scenic Area (彩色沙林), Dajue Temple (大觉寺), Niutou Mountain (牛头山), and the Ancient Great Wall (古长城).

Scenic Beauty of the Pond

Baishuitang Pond lies between the Nanpan River (南盘江) and the Dugong River (杜公河), stretching north to south and narrow east to west. The lake primarily receives water from rainfall, covering an area of 1.6 square kilometers with a depth of 2 meters. In summer, the pond is expansive with white waves, hence the name Baishuitang (白水塘). Surrounded by stone walls and roads, the pond sparkles like a jewel amidst thousands of acres of fertile land, rich in aquatic life such as wild ducks and various fish.

Visitors can fish directly from the pond, cooking their catch for a truly fresh and unique dining experience. During summer, the pond is filled with lotus flowers, creating a fragrant and colorful landscape. In winter, the clear waters reveal the bottom, often surrounded by morning mist that dances in the sunlight, creating a magical atmosphere.

The water pavilion resembles a waterside tower, adding to the scenic beauty of the area.

Poetic Scenery

The famous poet Yang Wanli (杨万里) wrote, “The lotus leaves reach the sky in endless green, the lotus flowers reflect the sun in a different red.” Although originally a farewell poem, it is often regarded as a picturesque description. The Baishuitang Pond in Tianbao Village (天宝寺村), Luliang County, seems to embody this sentiment perfectly.

In autumn, the fragrant rice fills the air, and a visit to the pond allows one to experience its tranquility and natural beauty. The emerald leaves and red flowers create a stunning visual display against the blue skies, with gentle breezes rippling the water’s surface.

The lotus plants at Baishuitang have become a symbol of local pride, and the surrounding landscape offers a refreshing escape from city life.

Scenic Features

At Baishuitang Pond, visitors can enjoy fishing, boating, and photography amidst the beautiful surroundings. The area has been preliminarily developed with 6.7 kilometers of waterways and 11 kilometers of lakeside paths. There are 26 fishing ponds and multiple “farm stay” spots offering local hospitality. With 100 boats and over 150 boatmen, Baishuitang can accommodate around 4,000 visitors daily, promising a quality experience.

Overall, visiting Baishuitang Pond provides an opportunity to escape urban noise and immerse oneself in nature’s beauty.

How to Get There

Baishuitang Pond is located about 8 kilometers south of Luliang County. You can choose to drive, which takes about 20 minutes with clear road signage. For those traveling by bus, you can take a direct bus from Kunming to Luliang at the Eastern Passenger Transport Station (东部客运站) or Dongju Passenger Transport Station (东菊客运站).

Travel Tips

1. Transportation: To reach the scenic area, take bus route 144 from Qujing City (曲靖市) or hire a taxi for convenience.
2. Shopping: Local specialties include long-haired rabbit products and honey pears.
3. Accommodation: There are 23 star-rated hotels in Qujing, providing a comfortable stay for guests.
4. Dining: 12 “farm stay” spots offer local meals, ensuring dining convenience.
5. Best Time to Visit: Summer for the lotus blooms and autumn for the fragrant rice fields.
6. Festivals: The best time to appreciate the lotuses is during their peak bloom.

Visiting Baishuitang Pond promises a unique experience filled with natural beauty and local culture.

Overview

Zhongnanshan (终南山), located in Shiguan Village (仕官村), Majie Town (马街镇), 18 kilometers southeast of Lujiang County (陆良县) in Qujing City (曲靖市), is one of the three famous mountains of Lujiang. Situated 15 kilometers from the county seat and adjacent to Wufeng Mountain (五峰山), Zhongnanshan has a rich historical background. Legend has it that during the Song Dynasty, Emperor Wen of Song used it as a retreat from the heat.

In the late Song to early Ming dynasty, the area was held by the local chieftain Long Hai (龙海), who built fortifications on the mountain, named Yingpan Mountain (营盘山), to resist the Ming army. When the Ming forces captured the camp, they set it ablaze. By the mid-Ming dynasty, a palace was constructed at the mountain’s peak, commonly known as Zhongnanshan Temple (终南山寺). It was rebuilt during the ninth year of the Kangxi era (康熙九年) and further expanded into a Buddhist monastery, renamed Juezhiao Temple (觉照寺) in the second year of the Jiaqing era (嘉庆二年) under the stewardship of the Guangxi scholar Hengrong (恒荣). The temple has been rebuilt multiple times due to fire damage, with restoration efforts beginning in 1990. Behind the temple, there are stupas dedicated to monks who passed away during the Qianlong (乾隆) and Jiaqing (嘉庆) eras, symbolizing the ancient Buddhist culture in a serene setting. In front of the temple lies the “Yaowang Spring” (药王泉), where it is said that the immortal Nanji Xianweng (南极仙翁) once lived. Local lore suggests that a monk released a dry eel into the pool, which has kept it from drying up.

The “Prince’s Tomb” (王子坟) behind the mountain resembles a woman lying on her back, legs bent but not stretched out, which locals refer to as “Beautiful Maiden’s Longing” (美女相思), similar to the legend of the Sleeping Beauty in Kunming’s Western Hills (昆明西山). Below the mountain, Zhongnanshan Lake (终南山湖), also known as Zhongnanshan Reservoir, is surrounded by mountains on three sides, covering an area of 13.2 square kilometers, with crystal-clear waters that mirror the stunning scenery.

Scenic Features

Zhongnanshan boasts dense forests filled with towering ancient trees and fragrant flowers. From a distance, the mountain is a lush expanse of greenery with pavilions, red-walled temples, and serene waters. Up close, the still waters reflect the mountain’s beauty, with deep valleys and opposing peaks creating a stunning landscape.

Traveling along the winding mountain roads to the summit, visitors are greeted with grand temples and a refreshing atmosphere. Overlooking the mountain’s flanks, you can spot the “Tiger Pouncing on Sheep” on the left, the “Yama’s Seat” (阎王静座) on the right, and the “Golden Turtle” and “Two Dragons Playing in Water” peaks in front—five exquisitely shaped mountains. The tranquil waters of Zhongnan Lake and the sound of morning bells and evening drums from the temple create a transcendent experience.

Zhongnanshan is known for its breathtaking scenery, filled with pine and oak trees and wildflowers. In the mid-Ming dynasty, Xuan Emperor’s Palace (玄帝宫) was built at the mountain’s peak, a Taoist temple. According to Zixi Chuan (紫溪传), there was a two-zhang-long stone fish near Zhongnanshan that would jump into the stream during floods, causing damage to nearby fields. The locals, wishing to control this water disaster, built a temple in gratitude after the deity Xuantian Shangdi (玄天上帝) vanquished the fish.

Rebuilt during the ninth year of Kangxi (1670 AD) and expanded by scholar Huanrong (桓荣) in the second year of Jiaqing (1797 AD), the temple continues to draw crowds annually, especially during the third day of the third lunar month when devotees come to offer incense, creating a vibrant scene reminiscent of a colorful dragon winding up the mountain.

How to Get There

To reach Zhongnanshan, take a bus from Qujing City to Lujiang County. Once in Lujiang, taxis or local transport options are available to take you to Majie Town, where you can access Zhongnanshan.

Travel Tips

1. Wear Comfortable Footwear: The mountain trails can be steep and rocky, so sturdy shoes are recommended.
2. Bring Essentials: Carry water, snacks, and sun protection as you may spend several hours exploring.
3. Respect the Environment: Follow designated paths and avoid littering to preserve the natural beauty of the area.
4. Plan for Crowds: If visiting during festivals or holidays, expect large crowds and plan your trip accordingly.
5. Photography Opportunities: The stunning landscapes provide excellent opportunities for photography, but be mindful of any restrictions, especially in sacred areas.

Overview

Niutoushan (牛头山), also known as Niutou Mountain, is located in Xiaobaihu Town (小百户镇), northwest of Lujiang County (陆良县) and approximately 30 kilometers from the county seat. Historically referred to as Qimao Mountain (契茂山) and Tianzhushan (天柱山), it is one of the “Three Mountains” listed in Zixi Chuan (紫溪传), which mentions the notable landscapes of the region. The Ming dynasty scholar Fu Zonglong (傅宗龙) from Kunming (昆明) remarked that Niutou Mountain is listed among the Five Great Mountains of Huaxia (华夏), renowned both within and beyond the province.

Historical Significance

Niutoushan is an ancient landform with its highest elevation noted in local records. The mountain is famous for the “Eight Scenic Views of Niushan” (牛山八景), which include:

1. Jueding Motian (绝顶摩天) – The peak reaching the sky
2. Wanshan Yonglang (万山拥浪) – Waves embraced by mountains
3. Shanjiao Xuri (山椒旭日) – The sunrise over the mountain
4. Haopai Chusheng (皓魄初升) – The bright moon rising
5. Fan Feng Qiutan (帆峰秋潭) – Autumn pools at the peak
6. Guoyuan Yanha (古院烟霞) – Misty scenes in the ancient courtyard
7. Linjian Songyun (林间松韵) – The sound of pines in the forest
8. Jichang Chenzhong (鸡唱晨钟) – Roosters crowing at dawn

Historically, there was an ancient temple called Zhenqing Palace (真庆宫), also known as Tianzhu Temple (天竺寺) or Niutou Mountain Temple (牛首山寺), located halfway up Niutou Mountain. This temple, a significant site for Taoism (道教), was built during the Yongle period of the Ming dynasty and has been renovated through the ages. During the early Republic of China, Taoist priest Zheng Zhirong (郑芝荣) oversaw significant renovations, ensuring that the temple adhered to Taoist principles. The temple, along with the Zhenwu Temple (真武观) located outside the south gate of the county seat, is regarded as a notable Taoist site. One of the Eight Scenic Views of Lujiang, “Niushan Qingshu” (牛山清暑), is derived from this area.

Scenic Features

Niutoushan is rich in historical sites, including the ancient fortress known as Niushan Guzhai (牛山古寨). This ancient site covers hundreds of acres, featuring a circular layout with remnants still visible. The central area includes a massive stone known as “Dianjiangtai” (点将台), weighing several tons. The fortress is backed by mountain ranges, with cliffs in front and gently sloping terrain to the sides, creating a spacious environment. The exact date of its construction remains a mystery and requires further investigation.

The scenic resources of Niutoushan are abundant, boasting a variety of landscapes, including:

• Forest Landscapes: Unique tree formations, large ancient vines, and stunning cloud formations.
• Geological Features: Majestic formations such as Niutou Mountain, Tianshi Peak (天师峰), and Tianbeng Gorge (天崩峡).
• Water Features: Scenic waterfalls like the “Zhezhong Great Waterfall” (浙中大瀑布), mysterious flow clouds, and picturesque streams.

Today, the ancient fortress is not only an archaeological interest for historians but also a popular destination for tourists seeking adventure and exploration.

How to Get There (Transportation)

To reach Niutoushan, you can take a bus from Qujing City (曲靖市) to Lujiang County. From the county seat, taxis or local transport can take you to Xiaobaihu Town, where Niutoushan is located.

Travel Tips for This Attraction

1. Dress Appropriately: Wear comfortable shoes suitable for hiking, as the terrain can be rugged.
2. Bring Essentials: Carry water, snacks, and sun protection, as you may spend several hours exploring the area.
3. Respect Nature: Follow designated trails and avoid littering to help preserve the natural beauty of the mountain.
4. Guided Tours: Consider joining a guided tour to gain insights into the history and significance of the various sites.
5. Photography: Capture the stunning landscapes, but be mindful of local customs and restrictions regarding photography in sacred areas.

Overview

Longhai Mountain (龙海山, Lónghǎi Shān) is situated in the eastern part of Luliang County (陆良县, Lùliáng Xiàn), belonging to the southern extension of the Wumeng Mountain Range (乌蒙山脉, Wūméng Shānmài). It is acclaimed as the crown among the mountains in the county, with a network of rugged peaks and cliffs that form a picturesque mountainous landscape.

Historical Significance

Longhai Mountain is historically known as Qiuxiong Mountain (邱雄山, Qiūxióng Shān). The “Luliang County Chronicle” (《陆良县志》, Lùliáng Xiàn Zhì) states: “Qiuxiong Mountain is located thirty miles east of the administrative center, anciently known as Zixi (紫溪, Zǐxī), also called Kuangrong (狂容, Kuángróng), popularly referred to as Longhai, majestic and towering; it stands as the crown among all mountains. At the peak, there is a square pond with water as green as jade. Halfway up the mountain lies an ancient temple, and at its foot, there are eighteen springs, serving as the town’s protective spirit.” Legend has it that the mountain was named after a local land official named Longhai during the late Yuan Dynasty.

Scenic Attractions

“Longhai Clear Mist” (龙海晴岚, Lónghǎi Qínglán) is one of the notable sights in Luliang. The “Luliang County Chronicle” mentions that this scenic route spans 55 kilometers and includes the Thousand Buddha Pagoda (千佛塔, Qiān Fó Tǎ), which is the political, economic, and cultural center of the county. This area features Buddhist architecture like Dajue Temple (大觉寺, Dàjué Sì) and the Thousand Buddha Pagoda, along with the Panjiang River (盘江河, Pánjiāng Hé) and Dugong River (杜公河, Dùgōng Hé). These elements blend seamlessly with parks and scenic buildings, complemented by vast orchards, camellias at Puji Temple (普济寺, Pǔjì Sì), the Qing Mountain Martyrs’ Cemetery (青山烈士陵园, Qīngshān Lièshì Língyuán), and fishing with eagle boats, creating a harmonious mix of natural and cultural beauty—an ideal destination for recreation, sightseeing, relaxation, entertainment, and shopping.

Cultural Heritage

Longhai Mountain, formerly known as Qiuxiong Mountain, is steeped in history. Records from the late Ming and early Qing dynasties mention that during the Hongwu era, a descendant of the Yuan Dynasty, the Liang King, resisted the Ming Dynasty in Yunnan, even killing an envoy sent by Zhu Yuanzhang to persuade him to surrender. In response, Zhu dispatched an army to quell the rebellion. The last prince of the “King of Yunnan” in Luliang, Tiemuer (贴木尔, Tiēmù’ěr), was appointed governor of Luliang, given the surname Long, which has been passed down through generations. After Tiemuer’s death, his son Longfeng (龙凤, Lóngfèng) inherited the position, followed by his grandson Longhai. The local land official Longhai was thereafter named Longhai Mountain.

Landmark Feature

At the summit of Longhai Mountain, the inscription “Long Live the Communist Party” (共产党万岁, Gòngchǎndǎng Wànsuì) is prominently displayed and visible from within the region. This inscription serves as a memory for several generations of Luliang residents and has become a local landmark. In 1971, the Sancha River Commune (三岔河公社, Sānchàhé Gōngshè) initiated this project, with teacher Li Zihua (李自华, Lǐ Zìhuá) leading the survey. The characters were inscribed in Song typeface on art paper, and their dimensions were calculated based on the area of the mountain. Students and teachers from Luliang County No. 3 Middle School and 24 primary schools in Sancha River collaborated to lay out the stones. Each character measures 60 meters in length and width, covering a total area of over 32,000 square meters. This slogan resonates with the voices of the people, reflecting the deep affection of the Luliang residents for their party and country, as well as their pioneering spirit and courage to forge ahead.

How to Get There (Transportation)

To reach Longhai Mountain in Luliang County, you can take a bus from Qujing (曲靖, Qūjìng) to Luliang County. From the county center, local transportation options such as taxis or shared rides can take you directly to the mountain. If you prefer to drive, follow the main highways leading into Luliang County, where signage will guide you to the mountain area.

Travel Tips for Longhai Mountain

1. Best Time to Visit: The best seasons to visit Longhai Mountain are spring and autumn when the weather is pleasant.
2. Photography: Bring a camera to capture the stunning landscapes and the famous “Long Live the Communist Party” inscription.
3. Hiking Gear: Wear comfortable hiking shoes and bring water, as some trails can be steep and challenging.
4. Local Cuisine: Don’t miss the chance to try local dishes at nearby eateries for an authentic culinary experience.
5. Guided Tours: Consider joining a guided tour for in-depth insights into the history and culture of the area.

Location:

Overview

Ruyi Dragon Pool (如意龙潭, Rúyì Lóngtán) is a scenic spot located in the Maijie Town (马街镇, Mǎjiē Zhèn) of Luliang County (陆良县, Lùliáng Xiàn), Qujing City (曲靖市, Qūjìng Shì), Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng). It is situated on the eastern side of Wufeng Mountain (五峰山, Wǔfēng Shān), approximately two kilometers away from the mountain itself.

Historical Significance

Historically known as Lingyu Spring (灵雨泉, Língyǔ Quán), this pool earned its name due to its reputed ability to summon rain. It was later referred to as Lingyi Dragon Pool (灵益龙潭, Língyì Lóngtán), reflecting the benefits of the spring water to the local environment. The spring emerges forcefully from the rock, resembling pearls cascading like jade, and the springhead is encircled by a hexagonal stone enclosure. At the edge of the pool grows a rare tree species known as the Buddha Tree (佛树, Fó Shù), also called the Dragon Tree (龙树, Lóng Shù). This tree, which is hundreds of years old, has a trunk covered in scales that extend from the roots to each of its branches, creating a remarkable sight as it sprawls over the pool.

Cultural Heritage

During the reign of the Qianlong Emperor (乾隆皇帝, Qiánlóng Huángdì) in the Qing Dynasty (清朝, Qīng Cháo), a temple was built at Ruyi Pool to honor the Ruyi Goddess (如意神女, Rúyì Shénnǚ). Pilgrims have been coming here year-round to pay their respects, seeking favorable weather and peace for the country and its people. According to legend, after the temple was established to ward off evil spirits, the mischief-making dragon no longer dared to appear, resulting in a significant decrease in catastrophic hailstorms in the area.

The perpetual flow of Ruyi Pool’s spring water is attributed to the community’s conscious efforts to protect the surrounding forest, supplemented by reforestation initiatives. The forest features a species known as the Longevity Tree (寿星树, Shòuxīng Shù), which grows over 20 meters tall with a diameter exceeding one meter. These trees provide a canopy of greenery, creating a soothing ambiance complemented by the sounds of birds, cicadas, wind, and flowing water—a gentle “Ruyi” symphony that is truly delightful. The scenery is aptly described by the lines: “The bright moon shines between the pines, and clear springs flow over the stones.”

Seasonal Activities

In spring, visitors flock to Ruyi Pool for picnics and outings, surrounded by blooming peach and pear trees, while fields turn a fresh green, enhancing the festive atmosphere. During the hot summer months, people seek refuge from the heat at the pool, enjoying the cool water and gentle breezes. In autumn, the crisp air and bright moon invite leisurely games of chess and wine tasting at the stone tables by the pool, fostering a sense of tranquility and peace. Winter transforms Ruyi Pool into a mystical realm, with steam rising from the water and a misty ambiance enveloping the area, making it difficult to discern between the earthly and the ethereal.

How to Get There (Transportation)

To reach Ruyi Dragon Pool in Luliang County, you can take a bus from Qujing City to Luliang County. Upon arriving in Luliang, local taxis or shared rides can transport you to Maijie Town. If you prefer to drive, follow the main roads leading to Luliang, and look for signage directing you to Wufeng Mountain and Ruyi Dragon Pool.

Travel Tips for Ruyi Dragon Pool

1. Best Time to Visit: The ideal seasons to visit are spring and autumn when the weather is pleasant and the scenery is beautiful.
2. Photography: Bring a camera to capture the stunning landscapes, especially the unique Buddha Tree and the tranquil pool.
3. Pack Essentials: Ensure you bring water, snacks, and a picnic blanket if you plan to enjoy a meal by the pool.
4. Local Cuisine: Take the opportunity to try local delicacies in Maijie Town during your visit.
5. Respect Nature: Help preserve the natural beauty by staying on marked paths and not disturbing the local wildlife.

Overview

Zhongling Academy (钟灵书院) is located within the campus of Majiang Primary School (马街小学) in Lujiang County (陆良县), Qujing City (曲靖市), Yunnan Province (云南省), China. This site served as a revolutionary base for the Communist Party of China (中共) during its activities in Yunnan and is recognized as a provincial cultural heritage site.

Historical Significance

Historically, schools have played a crucial role in cultivating talent and promoting cultural values. Zhongling Academy was established to nurture local scholars and foster good customs within the community. The village of Zhongling (钟灵村) was bustling with population, yet lacked a dedicated place for education, making it difficult for students to seek knowledge elsewhere.

In the 13th year of the Tongzhi era (同治, 1874), local gentry, including Yang Wenxun (杨文训), aimed to establish a charitable school to cultivate local talent. They utilized funds generated from a previously established martial temple (武庙) in Majiang, which collected money for incense offerings. Due to increasing trade, the income from this temple rose significantly, allowing them to allocate funds to the new academy while maintaining support for the temple. The proposal received approval from the provincial governor, leading to the establishment of the academy, which gradually gained prominence. The goal was to cultivate individuals who valued righteousness and adhered to ethical principles.

Memorial Tablets

The Zhongling Academy features two tablets: the Zhongling Academy Inscription (钟灵书院碑记) and the Approval Inscription Tablet (遵批谕饬碑). These tablets are situated 0.5 meters apart, facing west. The first tablet faces south, while the second faces north, both erected in February of the first year of the Guangxu era (光绪, 1875). Made of blue stone, they are inscribed in regular script (楷书). Originally, both tablets were located inside the eastern room of the academy’s entrance.

The tablets commemorate the approval for the establishment of the academy and provide insights into its historical context, reflecting the community’s commitment to education and cultural development.

Protection Measures

In June 2023, Zhongling Academy was listed as part of the second batch of immovable revolutionary cultural relics in Yunnan Province, highlighting its importance in the preservation of revolutionary history.

How to Get There (Transportation)

To reach Zhongling Academy, you can take a bus or taxi from Qujing City center to Lujiang County. Once in Lujiang, Majiang Primary School is a recognizable landmark, making the academy easy to locate.

Travel Tips for This Attraction

1. Plan Your Visit: Check local schedules to ensure you have ample time to explore the academy and surrounding areas.
2. Respect the Site: As a cultural heritage site, maintain a respectful attitude while visiting and refrain from loud conversations.
3. Photography: Capture the beauty of the inscriptions and surroundings, but always ask for permission if photographing people.
4. Local Cuisine: Consider trying local dishes in Lujiang County for an immersive experience of the region’s culture.
5. Guided Tours: If available, join guided tours to gain deeper insights into the history and significance of the academy.

Introduction

Longfeng Temple龙凤寺, a thousand-year-old ancient temple, is situated in the hilly region of Longhai Mountain (龙海山) in Luliang County (陆良县), Qujing City (曲靖市), Yunnan Province (云南省). Originally built in the seventh year of the Zhengzhi era during the Yuan Dynasty (元朝正直七年), it was later renovated in the thirteenth year of the Tongzhi era during the Qing Dynasty (清同治十三年). This historic temple stands as a testament to the rich cultural heritage and spiritual significance of the region.

Historical Significance

Longfeng Temple has undergone significant transformations throughout its history. Originally named Longwang Temple (龙王庙), it was constructed to pray for the safety of passing ships and the welfare of local people. Over the centuries, the temple became a revered site, drawing numerous pilgrims and worshippers. The temple’s architecture is characterized by its spacious halls and grand pavilions, filled with intricately carved statues that depict various deities.

The temple complex is surrounded by ancient cypress trees, which are believed to be several centuries old, contributing to a tranquil and sacred atmosphere. Despite facing several calamities and challenges over time, including natural disasters and neglect, Longfeng Temple has gradually regained its former splendor, becoming a vital cultural and historical landmark in Luliang.

Scenic Features

The temple is set against a backdrop of stunning natural beauty. The surrounding landscape features rugged cliffs and bizarre rock formations, resembling animals, known as Shizhu Shiyang (石猪石羊). This unique geological feature adds to the charm of the area and attracts visitors interested in nature and photography.

At the peak of the mountain lies Zixi Pool (紫溪池), a tranquil pond with deep emerald waters surrounded by wild grasses. The pool’s depth gives it a mysterious quality, inviting exploration and reflection. Just a short distance from the temple, a crystal-clear spring flows into another pool, symbolizing the eternal flow of life. This spring, with water flowing consistently, never overflows, showcasing the balance of nature and its enduring qualities.

A Place of Beauty

Longfeng Temple is a breathtaking example of natural and architectural beauty, resembling a three-dimensional painting. The winding paths lined with rugged black rocks and vibrant foliage create a serene environment for visitors. The red-tiled roofs of the temple’s structures peek through the trees, creating a harmonious blend of man-made and natural beauty.

From the temple, visitors can enjoy panoramic views of the Luliang Basin (陆良坝子). The landscape below is a tapestry of winding rivers, reflective lakes, and interconnected fields. The charming villages scattered throughout the area, with their wisps of smoke rising from chimneys, add to the picturesque scene, creating an ever-changing visual experience.

Natural and Cultural Harmony

Longfeng Temple is not just a religious site; it embodies the harmony between nature and culture. The ancient cypress trees that flourish around the temple provide a natural canopy, creating a peaceful sanctuary for both worshippers and visitors. The unique rock formations and diverse flora add to the area’s biodiversity, contributing to a melodious symphony of nature filled with birdsong, rustling leaves, and the gentle sounds of flowing water.

The temple hosts various cultural events and religious ceremonies, drawing locals and tourists alike. Festivals, particularly during the Lunar New Year and other significant dates, see the temple filled with colorful decorations, offerings, and communal celebrations that reflect the area’s rich traditions.

How to Get There

To reach Longfeng Temple, visitors can follow these directions:

• By Car: Drive from Qujing City towards Luliang County. The temple is about 40 kilometers away from Qujing, taking roughly one hour by car. Parking is available near the temple.
• By Public Transport: Take a bus from Qujing City to Luliang County. Once in Luliang, local taxis or motorbike rentals can be arranged to reach the temple, which is approximately 10 kilometers from the county center.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The ideal seasons to explore Longfeng Temple are spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November), when the weather is mild, and the surroundings are vibrant with blooming flowers or colorful foliage.
• Dress Comfortably: Wear comfortable shoes suitable for walking and light hiking, as the temple area features some steep paths and uneven terrain.
• Respect Local Customs: As a place of worship, maintain a respectful demeanor while visiting. Follow any guidelines provided by temple authorities, especially during ceremonies.
• Bring Water and Snacks: Although there are food vendors nearby, carrying your own refreshments is advisable, especially if you plan to spend the day exploring the area.
• Photography: Capture the beauty of the temple and its surroundings, but be mindful of areas where photography may be restricted, especially during religious ceremonies.
• Plan for Weather: Check the weather forecast before your visit, as conditions can change rapidly in the mountains. Bringing a light jacket or umbrella can be useful.

Location:

Overview

Xiangshuiba Reservoir (响水坝水库) is located in the northern part of Luliang County (陆良县), Qujing (曲靖市), on the west side of Xiangshuiba Village (响水坝村). It is the first masonry gravity dam built on the upper reaches of the Nanpan River (南盘江). Local folklore speaks of a legend called “the River God built the dam.” Historical records indicate that this area experienced severe flooding, comparable to the tides at Haimen (海门) and the dramatic cliffs of the Yellow River (黄河).

In the Ming Dynasty, specifically in the first year of the Tianhu Era (1621 AD), Luliang suffered a significant drought that caused the Panjiang River (盘江) to run dry for six months. It was during this time that the initial structure of Xiangshuiba was constructed. The original dam was built using large flat stones and measured approximately 10 meters in length and over 1 meter in height. After its completion, water cascaded over the dam, creating a sound that echoed, which led to its name, Xiangshuiba.

Construction and Features

Completed in 1960, Xiangshuiba Reservoir was designed with a storage capacity of 19.8 million cubic meters and a runoff area of 2,486 square kilometers. The reservoir project consists of a clever gravity dam, auxiliary dams, a rolling water dam, a low-hole sand drainage sluice, and numerous water conveyance channels.

The reservoir showcases the breathtaking scenery of “high gorges leading to flat lakes,” and since its establishment, it has attracted numerous leaders from both within and outside the province for inspection and research. The construction of this reservoir stands as a remarkable achievement in water conservancy engineering.

How to Get There

To reach Xiangshuiba Reservoir, visitors can:

1. Fly into Kunming Changshui International Airport (昆明长水国际机场).
2. From the airport, take a bus or rent a car to Qujing City (曲靖市), which is approximately 200 km away.
3. From Qujing, take a local bus or taxi to Luliang County (陆良县) and head towards Xiangshuiba Village (响水坝村).

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The ideal times to visit are spring and autumn, when the weather is mild and the scenery is at its most beautiful.
• Photography: Bring your camera; the natural landscape and the dam create fantastic photo opportunities.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss the chance to try local dishes in nearby villages for an authentic taste of the region.
• Safety Precautions: Be cautious near water bodies, and check local weather conditions before planning your visit.

Introduction

The Dugong River (杜公河) flows through the Sanchahe Town (三岔河镇) area, originating from the Guansheng Palace (关圣宫) in the Shagou Office (沙沟办事处). It draws water from the Laopan River (老盘江) and meanders through several locations, including Sanchahe, Qinghe (清河), Taijiatou (太家头), Wanning (万清), Zhaojiagou (赵家沟), Huangjiaxu (黄家圩), and Shuige (水阁) offices, ultimately discharging into the Central Plain (中原). The river serves multiple purposes such as flood diversion, drainage, and irrigation, with a total length of 18 kilometers. The riverbed is approximately 10 meters wide, with embankments that range from 3 to 5 meters wide and about 5 meters high.

Historical records indicate that in the 55th year of the Kangxi era during the Qing Dynasty (清康熙五十五年, 1716), the governor of Luliang (陆良), Du Zhen (杜珍), who was from Xinan, Henan Province (河南新安), visited the area due to flooding issues in the Dongxiang region (now Sanchahe Town). He oversaw the construction of embankments and the opening of the river, successfully alleviating the water disaster. To commemorate the achievements of Governor Du, the river was named Dugong River. This man-made river has a history of nearly 300 years and, despite renovations over the generations, its course has remained unchanged, still serving as a primary drainage and irrigation channel for the area. Villages along the river are closely connected, with farmhouses closely clustered together.

Sanchahe Town (三岔河镇)

Geographic Location

Sanchahe Town is located in the eastern part of Luliang County (陆良县), with its name derived from the convergence of three small rivers formed by the floodwaters of the Nanpan River (南盘江). The town government is situated 15 kilometers from the county seat. It borders Longhai Mountain (龙海山) to the east, adjacent to Wotao Village (核桃村) and Shuangqingkou Township (双箐口乡) to the north, Ma Street Town (马街镇) to the south, and Huaqiao Farm (华侨农场) and Zhongshu Town (中枢镇) to the west. The northern boundary connects with Banqiao Town (板桥镇).

Terrain and Elevation

The entire town is situated in a basin area, with Longhai Mountain rising in the east, reaching a maximum elevation of 2,686 meters. Residential areas and rice paddies are distributed within the basin, characterized by flat terrain and fertile land, with an average elevation of 1,830 meters.

Conclusion

Dugong River and Sanchahe Town are significant in both historical and geographical contexts, providing vital irrigation and drainage functions while serving as a cultural heritage site. The area showcases the harmonious relationship between human activity and the natural landscape.

How to Get There

To reach Dugong River and Sanchahe Town:

• By Car: From Qujing City (曲靖市), take the highway towards Luliang County. Sanchahe Town is approximately 40 kilometers from Qujing, which takes about one hour by car.
• By Public Transport: Buses run from Qujing City to Luliang County. Once in Luliang, local taxis or minibuses can be taken to reach Sanchahe Town, which is about 15 kilometers from the county center.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The best seasons for visiting are spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November), when the weather is pleasant and the landscape is vibrant.
• Respect Local Customs: As this area is important to the local community, be respectful of local customs and practices when visiting.
• Bring Water and Snacks: Make sure to carry sufficient water and snacks, especially if you plan to explore the area.
• Photography: Capture the scenic beauty of the river and town, but be mindful of local restrictions on photography in certain areas.
• Plan for Weather: Check the weather forecast before your visit, as conditions can change quickly, especially in elevated areas. Bring appropriate clothing for varying temperatures.

Location:

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