Overview

Datunhai Lake (大屯海) is located in the central part of Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州), straddling Gejiu City (个旧市) and Mengzi County (蒙自县). Situated approximately 1.5 kilometers west of Datun Town (大屯镇), it borders Changqiao Lake (长桥海) to the east. This lake, formed by surface water accumulation in a basin, is a remnant of an ancient lake and is classified as a fault freshwater lake. According to the “Supplement to the Mengzi County Chronicles” (续蒙自县志), it was historically known as Li Hai (鲤海) or Yipicao Hai (矣皮草海), covering thousands of acres with fertile farmland along its coast.

Area Description

Datunhai Lake covers an area of 12.4 square kilometers, with a maximum storage capacity of 55.2 million cubic meters and an average depth of 4.5 meters. As the development of Yunnan’s southern central city progresses, the lake’s potential value and ecological role are becoming increasingly apparent.

The vast surface of Datunhai Lake presents stunning scenery, with fishing boats dotting the waters and gentle breezes creating ripples. Strolling along the lakeside feels like being by the ocean, especially during spring when the fields are lush and in autumn when golden rice waves sway. The air during rice bloom is fragrant, while the harvest season bathes the landscape in golden light.

Historical Significance

Historically, Datunhai Lake served as an important transportation route. It connects to Changqiao Lake, allowing goods transported by the Dian–Vietnam Railway (滇越铁路) to be transferred for shipping to Datun. The lake facilitated the transport of coal, grains, timber, textiles, salt, paper, sugar, and other necessities, with excess cargo stored in lakeside warehouses.

During the peak of water transport, over 500 ox carts awaited daily at the lakeside, and more than 50 large wooden ships operated on the lake. This vibrant trade continued until the completion of the railway section from Gejiu to Bisezhai in 1921.

Longwang Pavilion

At the center of Datunhai Lake is the Longwang Pavilion (龙王阁), built in the 13th year of the Guangxu era (光绪) in 1887. The pavilion has two stories: the first floor is square-shaped with stone walls to prevent water seepage, while the second floor is hexagonal, offering stunning views from its wooden structure. The pavilion appears especially striking in the morning mist.

Recent Developments

To address local water needs, a reinforcement project for Datunhai was initiated in 2003, backed by central government funding. With an investment of 46.99 million yuan, the lake’s capacity was increased to 55.2 million cubic meters, becoming Gejiu’s largest reservoir. The surrounding dam has become a scenic roadway for visitors to enjoy.

In 2005, Datunhai was included in the development plan for Gejiu and southern Yunnan, enhancing the area’s coastal scenery.

Cultural Events

Each year, three temple fairs are held at Longwang Pavilion, becoming cherished local traditions:

• Guanyin Festival (观音会) during the Spring Festival, praying for safety and blessings.
• Dragon Raising Head Festival (龙抬头会) on the second day of the second lunar month, offering sacrifices for good weather and abundant harvests.
• Release Festival (放生会) during the Dragon Boat Festival, where locals release fish and shrimp into the lake.

These events transform Longwang Pavilion into a lively hub, featuring food stalls and performances that create a vibrant atmosphere.

Environmental Concerns

Despite its beauty, the water quality of Datunhai has significantly deteriorated, with arsenic levels nearly 100 times over national standards, diminishing the lake’s former splendor.

How to Get There

Datunhai Lake is easily accessible from Gejiu City. Transportation options include:

• By Bus: Regular local bus services connect various parts of Gejiu City to the lake.
• By Taxi: Taxis provide a convenient option for direct travel to Datunhai.
• Self-Driving: Driving allows for greater flexibility to explore the surrounding areas.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn offer pleasant weather for outdoor activities.
• What to Bring: Comfortable walking shoes, water, snacks, and a camera are recommended.
• Safety Precautions: Be cautious near the water and avoid littering to protect the environment.
• Cultural Etiquette: Participate respectfully in local traditions, especially during festivals.
• Enjoy Local Cuisine: Try local snacks and dishes available during festivals for an authentic experience.

Overview

Laoyinshan Mountain (老阴山), located to the east of Gejiu City (个旧市), stands at an impressive elevation of 2162.7 meters, with a vertical height of 473.7 meters above the city. The summit experiences temperatures approximately 2°C lower than those in Gejiu, along with strong winds. Revered as the soul of Gejiu, this mountain is a popular hiking destination where natural beauty merges with local legends.

Attractions

• Zhenyin Tower (镇阴塔): A historic tower that serves as a landmark and provides beautiful views of the surrounding area.

Cultural Significance

Laoyinshan is often referred to as the “mother mountain” of Gejiu. When viewed from the west bank of Jinhu Lake (金湖), it resembles a sleeping mother, symbolizing the nurturing role it plays in the lives of the local people. The mountain’s presence is fundamental to the identity of Gejiu, where residents share a profound connection with their natural surroundings. The local saying goes, “Where there are mountains, there is Gejiu,” highlighting the inseparable bond between the community and the mountain.

As night falls, lights twinkle against the starry sky, creating a mesmerizing blend of earthly and celestial beauty. The mountain serves as a backdrop for cultural experiences and leisure activities, making it a vibrant destination year-round.

Hiking Trails

Laoyinshan features two main hiking trails:

1. Peak Climbing Avenue (登峰大道): This is the primary route for those seeking to reach the summit, offering a well-maintained path with scenic views along the way.
2. North Climbing Trail (北登山道): Located at Jinhu Cultural Square (金湖文化广场), this trail leads to stunning vistas of the city and the surrounding landscape.

These trails connect to form a circular hiking route, each offering distinct scenic experiences. The southern trail is rich in lush greenery, allowing hikers to enjoy the soothing sounds of birds and the vibrant colors of nature, while the northern trail presents steep cliffs and a breathtaking panoramic view of the city below.

To enhance the hiking experience, nine viewing pavilions are planned along the circular trail:

• Xintian Pavilion (心亭)
• Gongde Pavilion (功德亭)
• Sanbao Pavilion (三宝亭)
• Sifang Pavilion (四方亭)
• Wushan Pavilion (五善亭)
• Liujiao Pavilion (六角亭)
• Qixing Pavilion (七星亭)
• Bajie Pavilion (八戒亭)
• Jiulian Pavilion (九莲亭)

Additionally, the northern trail will feature Wangxiang Platform (望乡台) and Nantian Gate (南天门), providing ample opportunities for visitors to rest and take in the views.

Folklore

The legend surrounding Laoyinshan contrasts it with Laoyangshan (老阳山). It is said that Laoyinshan was home to a jade maiden named Yinci (阴慈), while Laoyangshan housed a golden boy named Yangshan (阳善). Their love story unfolds amid the jealousy of the Queen Mother of the West (王母娘娘), leading them to escape to the mortal world to be together.

In their quest for love, they took treasures from the heavens—Yinci stole colorful silk threads while Yangshan took a precious bowl. When discovered by the Queen Mother, they chose to face death rather than be separated, leading to their transformation into the mountains we see today. This tale explains not only the mountains’ names but also the enduring bond between the people of Gejiu and their beloved landscape.

Unique Scenery

Whether reaching the summit by cable car or hiking, the views from Laoyinshan are breathtaking. The landscape is adorned with rolling hills, verdant bamboo groves, and unobstructed sunlight that pours over the area. Visitors often recall the lines from Tang Dynasty poet Wang Zhihuan (王之涣): “To enjoy a distant view, one must ascend higher,” which perfectly encapsulates the experience.

From the summit, the sprawling city below resembles a miniature model, with shimmering Jinhu Lake reflecting the beauty of the surrounding scenery. On clear days, the sight of a sea of clouds can transform the landscape into an ethereal vision, creating a profound sense of connection between heaven and earth.

The Viewing Corridor (观景长廊) comprises a series of modern yet traditional buildings constructed on the cliffs. These structures, including Yixiang Pavilion (溢香轩), Yiran Pavilion (逸然亭), and Yuyue Pavilion (娱悦阁), are designed with innovative architecture that gives visitors the sensation of floating in mid-air. The pavilions extend outward, enhancing the dramatic views and exemplifying the mountain’s rugged beauty.

Social Impact

The development of Laoyinshan has significantly improved the lives of local residents, providing new opportunities for business and tourism. On weekends, visitors flock to the mountain-top farmer’s market to enjoy traditional dishes that reflect the region’s agricultural bounty, such as:

• Roasted corn (烧包谷)
• Boiled corn (煮包谷)
• Corn rice (包谷饭)
• Wheat rice (麦子饭)
• Buckwheat rice (荞饭)
• Buckwheat cakes (荞粑粑)
• Millet cakes (小米粑粑)
• Goat milk (山羊奶)

Visitors gather around small wooden tables laden with a variety of pickled vegetables, creating a truly authentic farmer’s dining experience that many find unforgettable.

How to Get There

Laoyinshan Mountain is conveniently accessible from Gejiu City. Here are some options for transportation:

• By Bus: Local buses run frequently from various parts of the city to the base of the mountain.
• By Taxi: Taxis are readily available and provide a quick and comfortable way to reach the mountain.
• Self-Driving: If you have access to a vehicle, driving offers flexibility and the chance to explore the surrounding areas.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn offer the most pleasant weather for hiking, while summer can be hot and winter cold.
• What to Bring: Comfortable hiking shoes, water, snacks, and a camera for capturing the stunning scenery.
• Safety Precautions: Always stay on marked trails, be cautious near steep edges, and consider hiking with a buddy.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss the chance to try local dishes at the farmer’s market, especially on weekends when the market is bustling.
• Enjoy the Cloud Sea: If you encounter a sea of clouds, take a moment to appreciate the view—it’s a unique experience that encapsulates the magic of Laoyinshan.

Overview

Baohua Park (宝华公园) is located at the foot of Laoyin Mountain (老阴山) on the eastern side of Gejiu City (个旧市), Honghe Prefecture (红河州), Yunnan Province (云南省). Established in 1954, the park covers an area of 27 hectares and extends to 103 hectares of surrounding hills. It serves as a comprehensive urban forest park that combines animal exhibits, children’s entertainment, revolutionary education, leisure activities, fitness opportunities, and the exploration of ancient architecture.

Historical Significance

The Gejiu Zoo (个旧动物园) within the park has been open to the public for nearly 60 years. The park is home to a wide variety of native ancient trees and rare animals, creating a pure ecological environment that merges cultural and natural elements. Apart from the Kunming Yuantong Zoo (昆明圆通动物园), Baohua Park is the only zoo in the prefecture-level cities of Yunnan Province.

For many residents, visiting Baohua Park to see animals has been a cherished part of life. From being taken to the park as children to later bringing their own kids, the zoo has witnessed the growth of generations in Gejiu.

Attractions

Baohua Park houses a diverse range of animals, including:

• Elephants (象)
• Tigers (虎)
• Leopards (豹)
• Bears (熊)
• White pheasants (白鹇)
• Peacocks (孔雀)

Notably, the park is a breeding center for gibbons (长臂猿), hosting over half of the country’s zoo population. The park also features a variety of flora, including pines, cypresses, camellias, and peonies. Scenic pavilions and towers allow visitors to enjoy breathtaking views and a refreshing atmosphere.

Visitor Information

• Location: At the foot of Laoyin Mountain on the eastern side of Gejiu City, covering 127 hectares.
• Atmosphere: The park boasts dense tree cover and healthy vegetation, with ancient trees providing fresh air, making it a prime location for relaxation and fitness for the residents of Gejiu.

How to Get There

Baohua Park can be accessed by local buses or taxis from Gejiu City center. It is conveniently located, making it an ideal spot for both locals and tourists.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The park is best enjoyed during spring and autumn when the weather is mild and the flora is vibrant.
• Activities: Engage in various activities such as walking, jogging, playing sports, or simply enjoying the natural beauty.
• Photography: Capture the lush scenery and unique animal exhibits, but respect any guidelines regarding photography, especially around animals.
• Facilities: Check for available amenities such as restrooms, seating areas, and food options within the park.
• Weekend Visits: Be prepared for larger crowds on weekends and holidays, so plan your visit accordingly to enjoy a more peaceful experience.

Overview

The Shiliuba Ancient Tombs (石榴坝古墓葬群) are located over 20 kilometers north of Gejiu City (个旧市), nestled on the southwestern hillside of Tangdian Village (倘甸村), in the Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省). These tombs date back to the Warring States period (战国时期) and represent an essential part of the region’s archaeological heritage.

Archaeological Discoveries

In July and August of 1987, a significant excavation uncovered 24 ancient tombs, revealing more than 130 artifacts, such as:

• Bronze Weapons: Including bronze spears (青铜戈), chisels (锛), and knives (刀).
• Ceramics: Pottery dishes (陶盘) and jars (罐).
• Jade Items: Such as jade artifacts (玉), bracelets (镯), and tubes (玉管).
• Tools: Stone chisels (石锛) and grinding tools (砺石器物).

These artifacts exhibit intricate designs and reflect the cultural characteristics of the bronze culture prevalent in the Honghe River Basin (红河流域). The tombs themselves are categorized as small pit graves, with 22 of the excavated sites containing various grave goods.

Historical Significance

The tombs are dated to the mid to late Warring States period, approximately 2,500 years ago. This era was marked by significant developments in art, warfare, and trade. The bronze artifacts discovered here are particularly noteworthy for their craftsmanship, contributing to the understanding of cultural exchanges in ancient China.

Site Details

The Shiliuba Ancient Tombs are situated 2 kilometers northwest of Shiliuba Village (石榴坝村) in Tangdian Township (倘甸乡) of Gejiu City. The excavation was a collaborative effort between the Yunnan Provincial Archaeological Institute (云南省考古所) and Gejiu City Museum (个旧市博物馆), aimed at preserving the historical significance of this site. Visitors can explore the tombs and observe the surrounding landscape, which offers a glimpse into the area’s rich history.

How to Get There

To reach the Shiliuba Ancient Tombs, you can:

• By Bus: Take a local bus from the center of Gejiu City to Tangdian Village. The journey typically takes around 30-40 minutes.
• By Car: Driving is convenient, and you can enjoy scenic views along the way. Parking is available near the site.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) offer mild weather, making it ideal for exploration.
• Guided Tours: Joining a guided tour can enhance your understanding of the site’s history and the significance of the artifacts.
• Photography: Bring a camera for capturing the tombs and artifacts, especially during golden hour for beautiful lighting.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss out on trying local Yunnan dishes in Gejiu City, such as rice noodles and various mushroom dishes, which are popular in the region.
• Cultural Etiquette: Be respectful when visiting historical sites, and follow any posted guidelines to preserve the integrity of the location.

Overview

Jinhu Lake Park (金湖公园) is located in Gejiu City (个旧市), Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州), Yunnan Province. This small city is known for its unique natural landscapes and rich cultural heritage. Gejiu is famously referred to as the “World Tin Capital,” but it is relatively less popular among tourists in Yunnan. This visit marked my second time in Gejiu, where I explored Jinhu Lake Park, climbed Mount Laoyin (老阴山), and visited Niunai Town (牛奶小镇), truly falling in love with this city.

Jinhu Lake Park: A City Landmark and Leisure Destination

Jinhu Lake Park (金湖公园) is situated in the city center of Gejiu and is one of the city’s landmarks. It serves as a popular spot for locals to relax and exercise.

The formation of Jinhu Lake is surrounded by legend; it is said that many years ago, a heavy rain flooded factories and houses, creating a vast body of water. The residents built dikes to hold back the floodwaters, resulting in what is now Jinhu Lake. The lake has a broad surface with rippling blue waves, and the surrounding environment is pleasant, with flowers and trees enhancing its charm.

On sunny evenings, Jinhu Lake sparkles with golden reflections, where people enjoy walking or jogging, embracing the tranquility. Nearby, there is a well-known barbecue spot, Hongpaotai N (红炮台N号).

Mount Laoyin: The Mystique and Beauty of the Mother Mountain

Mount Laoyin (老阴山) can be seen from Jinhu Lake. It stands as the “Mother Mountain” of Gejiu, with a peak elevation of 2,162.7 meters, often shrouded in clouds, resembling a fairyland. Upon climbing, the lush greenery greets you, with year-round evergreen trees, and every breath here is filled with negative oxygen ions.

From the summit, you can overlook the entire Gejiu city area, offering expansive views that refresh the spirit.

• “Little Hong Kong” Visual Effect
  A side view of the glass walkway (玻璃栈道) on Mount Laoyin adds to the thrill of the experience.

Glass Walkway

The glass walkway on Mount Laoyin is the only one in the country built over a city, serving as both a scenic attraction and a forest fire lookout. Walking on it is an exhilarating adventure.

Niunai Town: The Unique Charm of the Milk Capital

Niunai Town (牛奶小镇) is famous for its abundant milk production. As a local from Yunnan, I must say that the milk from Zhadian (乍甸) is the best I’ve ever tasted.

How to Get There

To reach Jinhu Lake Park in Gejiu, you can take a bus or drive from major cities in Yunnan. The journey offers beautiful views of the surrounding landscape.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The best time to explore Jinhu Lake Park is during spring and autumn for pleasant weather.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying the local barbecue and milk products in Niunai Town.
• Hiking Gear: If climbing Mount Laoyin, wear appropriate hiking shoes and carry water.
• Photography: Bring a camera to capture the stunning views from the mountain and the park, especially during golden hour.

Overview

The Museum of Gejiu City is located at 15 Baohua Road (宝华路15号) within the Yun Temple (云庙) in Gejiu City, Honghe Prefecture (红河州). Established in November 1987, the museum officially opened to the public in November 1995. It shares administrative operations with the Gejiu Municipal Arts Center (市群众艺术馆), where the center’s director also oversees the museum. In 2005, the museum separated from the Arts Center and partnered with the Cultural Relics Management Office (文物管理所), becoming an independent legal entity.

Location

• Address: Jinhudong Road, Jinhudong Cultural Plaza, Gejiu City, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province (云南省红河州个旧市金湖东路金湖文化广场)
• Postal Code: 661400

Historical Background

The museum is housed in the Yun Temple, originally built in the 30th year of the Qianlong Emperor (乾隆三十年, 1765). The temple, also known as the Yun Provincial Guild Hall (云省会馆), served as a meeting place for merchants and industrialists from Yunnan to discuss mining and trade of tin. Situated facing northwest, it functioned as the economic and financial center of Gejiu during the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, it was repurposed as a recreational and tourist spot.

Originally constructed as a traditional courtyard complex, the museum covers an area of 10,000 square meters. However, during the Cultural Revolution (十年浩劫), most of the buildings were demolished, leaving only parts of the second courtyard, including the main hall and smaller temples dedicated to the God of Wealth (财神) and the Ningyun Pavilion (凝云轩), along with a hexagonal pavilion and a lotus pond. Today, it occupies over 3,000 square meters, with a building area of 1,600 square meters. The architectural style reflects early Qing Dynasty garden aesthetics, creating an elegant and pleasant environment, making it a civil unit of Gejiu City. In 1986 and 1991, the local governments declared the Yun Temple a municipal key cultural relic protection unit.

Collections

The museum boasts a collection of over 2,600 cultural relics, including nearly 300 items of various stone tools, human teeth fossils, and ancient biological fossil specimens. Among the most notable artifacts are the Eastern Han Dynasty bronze figurine lamp (东汉铜俑灯), Eastern Han Dynasty bronze three sheep box (东汉铜三羊盒), and various bronze measuring instruments (铜量器).

Since its establishment, the museum has hosted various exhibitions, including:

• Exhibition of Fine Artifacts from the Museum of Gejiu City (个旧市博物馆精品展)
• Exhibition of Artifacts Excavated in Gejiu City (个旧市出土文物展)
• Exhibition of Artifacts from the Eastern Han Tomb at Kafang Heima Well (卡房黑马井东汉墓出土文物展)
• Exhibition of Buddha Statues and Buddhist Artworks (馆藏佛像和佛教艺术品展)

These exhibitions reflect the history and technological, cultural, and artistic achievements of Gejiu’s tin mining development. Additionally, the museum organizes annual exhibitions of photography, fine arts, and calligraphy.

Visiting Information

• Opening Hours: Daily from 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM (每天上午 9:00 – 17:00 开放)

Achievements

• In December 2020, the museum was included in the fourth batch of National Level Three Museums (国家三级博物馆名单).
• In October 2021, it was listed as a National Unity and Progress Education Base in Honghe Prefecture (红河州民族团结进步教育基地公示名单).

How to Get There

The Museum of Gejiu City is easily accessible by public transportation or taxi from anywhere in Gejiu City. It is situated near popular local landmarks, making it a convenient stop for visitors.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Plan your visit during weekdays to avoid large crowds, especially on weekends and holidays.
• Photography: Feel free to take photos of the exhibits, but please respect any signs indicating restrictions.
• Guided Tours: Consider joining a guided tour for in-depth information about the artifacts and the history of the museum.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying local dishes in nearby restaurants to enhance your cultural experience.
• Stay Informed: Check the museum’s official website or contact them in advance for information on special exhibitions or events happening during your visit.

Overview

Hetian Village, located in Shuilongjing Village (水龙井村), Jijie Town (鸡街镇), Gejiu City (个旧市), is nestled between two mountains, just 8 kilometers from the city center. It is the nearest tourist attraction within Gejiu’s tourism projects, reachable by car in about 15 minutes. The village showcases a blend of natural and cultural landscapes, with notable features including Hani Mushroom Houses (哈尼族蘑菇房), Yi Mountain Villages (彝家山寨), Dai Bamboo Houses (傣家竹楼), a National Unity Square (民族团结广场), a swimming pool, and tennis courts.

Cultural Significance

At the entrance of Hetian Village, visitors are greeted by two 7-meter-tall totem poles (图腾柱), each accompanied by a large copper drum (大铜鼓) with a diameter of 2.8 meters. These totem poles symbolize the spiritual beliefs of the Hani (哈尼族) and Yi (彝族) peoples, with intricate carvings that depict their faith and way of life.

Unique Natural Feature

A remarkable natural attraction in Hetian Village is the Tropic of Cancer (北回归线), which traverses the area. Although invisible and intangible, this line demarcates the boundary between the subtropical and temperate zones. A fascinating local saying, “立竿见影” (“the shadow of a stick appears instantly”), becomes a reality here on the summer solstice. At noon, even with the sun shining, one cannot see their shadow, illustrating the unique phenomenon of the Tropic of Cancer.

Scenic Environment

Covering 56 acres, Hetian Village boasts 50% green space, featuring a variety of valuable tropical tree species and grassy areas. Among the lush greenery, the most prominent site is the National Unity Square, a vibrant plaza that radiates warmth like the sun. At its center stands a red flame sculpture revered by all ethnic groups, surrounded by sculptures depicting the graceful dances of the Hani, Yi, Miao, Yao, Hui, Zhuang, Bouyei, Lahu, and Han (汉) ethnic groups. These sculptures symbolize the unity, development, prosperity, and collaborative future envisioned by the diverse peoples of Honghe Prefecture.

Attractions and Features

In addition to showcasing local ethnic cultures, Hetian Village has created a charming corner reminiscent of Jiangnan (江南), featuring elements such as arched bridges, waterwheels, lotus leaf bridges, bamboo groves, and artificial hills. Among these, Longquan (龙泉) stands out as a highlight. It features a 200-square-meter rectangular spring pool, with numerous springs bubbling up like pearls. Fish of various sizes swim freely among the natural aquatic plants, creating a serene atmosphere.

Connected to Longquan is a fishing pond, which features a stainless steel sculpture named “Golden Dragon Soars” (金龙腾飞). At 5 meters high, this sculpture of a dragon appears dazzling at the crest of the waves. The tranquil environment of the pond makes it a popular venue for fishing competitions organized by local associations.

Since its completion, Hetian Village has provided comprehensive facilities and services for visitors, with the added convenience of free entry, making it a popular gathering spot for friends and family. Hetian Village has become an excellent suburban tourist destination for the citizens of Gejiu.

Location

• Address: Shuilongjing Village, Jijie Town, Gejiu City (乍甸镇水龙井村)

How to Get There

To reach Hetian Village, you can take a bus or taxi from Gejiu City. The journey takes about 15 minutes, making it easily accessible for a day trip.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The ideal months are from April to October, when the weather is pleasant and the natural scenery is at its best.
• Cultural Respect: Be respectful of local customs and traditions, especially when interacting with villagers.
• Photography: Capture the vibrant culture and beautiful landscapes, but ask for permission before taking photos of people.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss the chance to try local dishes, especially those unique to the Hani and Yi ethnic groups.
• Plan Ahead: Check local weather and events before visiting to enhance your experience in Hetian Village.

Overview

Zhimahu Lake Forest Park (灵芝湖森林公园), originally known as the Maza Shao Yuanzhong Reservoir (马者哨远近冲水库), was established in the late 1950s. It has a storage capacity of 4.6 million cubic meters and covers a water surface area of 1,000 acres. The park is located over 30 kilometers from the city center, encompassing more than 6,000 acres with a forest coverage rate of 67% and an elevation of 2,100 meters. The annual rainfall reaches 1,200 millimeters, and the air is rich in oxygen ions, with levels 30% higher than those in urban areas, earning it the title of “natural oxygen bar.” The forest is home to clusters of camellias (山茶) and rhododendrons (杜鹃), with over 150 trees aged over a century.

The area is populated by the Han (汉), Yi (彝), and Miao (苗) ethnic groups. It features remnants of ancient religious customs described by historians as “living fossils” of Yi culture, along with lively and grand ethnic celebrations such as the “Dragon Festival” (祭龙节) and the “Torch Festival” (火把节).

Geographic Environment

Zhimahu Lake Forest Park (灵芝湖森林公园), originally known as Maza Shao Yuanzhong Reservoir (马者哨远近冲水库), was established in the late 1950s. It has a storage capacity of 4.6 million cubic meters and covers a water surface area of 1,000 acres. The park is located over 30 kilometers from the city center, encompassing more than 6,000 acres with a forest coverage rate of 67% and an elevation of 2,100 meters. The annual rainfall reaches 1,200 millimeters, and the air is rich in oxygen ions, with levels 30% higher than those in urban areas, earning it the title of “natural oxygen bar.”

Natural Resources

The forest naturally harbors clusters of camellias (山茶) and rhododendrons (杜鹃), with over 150 trees aged over a hundred years.

Main Attractions

• First Attraction: Yi Family Village (彝家山寨)
  According to historical records, Yi Family Village (彝家山寨) is a small mountain village with only 27 households, named Luoshidi (倮施底). It is inhabited by hardworking and kind Yi villagers who have a deep affection for dragons. During the spring plowing season, these villagers perform dragon worship rituals to pray for favorable weather and national peace.
• Second Attraction: Hundred-Year Rhododendron Mountain (百年杜鹃山)
  Rhododendron is one of the eight famous flowers of Yunnan (云南八大名花), which include camellia (山茶花), rhododendron (杜鹃花), magnolia (玉兰花), primrose (报春花), lily (百合花), orchid (兰花), gentian (龙胆花), and green gentian (绿绒蒿). Globally, there are over 850 species of rhododendron, with more than 650 found in China and over 400 in Yunnan alone, making Yunnan the geographical distribution center for rhododendrons. When in bloom, the flowers create a spectacular “sea of flowers” stretching over 10 kilometers. The flower’s vibrant shapes and colors have led to it being praised by the poet Su Shi (苏轼) as “This flower resembles Xi Shi among flowers. Hibiscus and peonies are like mere maidens.” Thus, rhododendrons are known as the “Xi Shi among flowers” (花中西施).

Additionally, there are numerous naturally formed camellias in the forest, which are considered the premier flower among the eight famous flowers of Yunnan. Worldwide, there are over 80 species of camellias, with 35 species found in Yunnan, accounting for 44% of the total. The camellia in Yunnan is an evergreen tree that can reach over ten meters in height, flowering from December to April of the following year, with different varieties blooming successively. Yunnan has a long history of cultivating camellias, with records indicating cultivation began as early as the Sui (隋) and Tang (唐) dynasties. During the Nanzhao (南诏) and Dali (大理) periods (8th to 13th centuries), they became important ornamental plants. For centuries, camellias have been intertwined with the lives of the people of Yunnan, known for their stunning beauty and vibrant colors, enjoying a great reputation both domestically and internationally.

Ethnic Culture

Surrounding the park are the Han (汉), Yi (彝), and Miao (苗) ethnic groups. This area features remnants of ancient religious customs described by historians as “living fossils” of Yi culture, along with vibrant and grand ethnic celebrations such as the “Dragon Festival” (祭龙节) and the “Torch Festival” (火把节).

How to Get There

To reach Zhimahu Lake Forest Park, you can take a local bus or drive from Kaiyuan City (开远市). The journey typically takes around 30 to 40 minutes.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and early summer are ideal for enjoying the blooming flowers and mild weather.
• Local Guides: Consider hiring a local guide to learn more about the rich cultural heritage and natural beauty of the area.
• Respect Local Customs: Be mindful of the traditions and customs of the local ethnic communities.
• Pack Essentials: Bring water, snacks, and sunscreen, especially if you plan to hike or explore the area extensively.

Overview

Yunwo Temple, located in Xiangshui Village (响水村), Zhongheying Township (中和营乡), Kaiyuan City (开远市), is a renowned historical site in Yunnan Province. The temple’s name derives from the inscription “Water Mansion Yunwo” (水府云窝) carved into the stone wall in front of Xiangshui Cave (响水洞) by the governor of Ami Prefecture (阿迷州) in the fifth year of the Yongzheng reign (1727) of the Qing Dynasty.

Historical Background

Yunwo Temple was first established in the forty-seventh year of the Qianlong reign (1782). The temple complex includes several significant structures: the Main Hall (大雄宝殿), Dragon King Temple (龙王庙), Wenchang Palace (文昌宫), Guansheng Palace (关圣宫), and Kuaige Pavilion (魁阁). The main hall is situated atop a water cave, where underground water cascades from below, making it a celebrated scenic spot in Kaiyuan. In 1993, it was designated as a cultural heritage site by the Yunnan Provincial Government.

Architectural Features

The Main Hall features a two-entry, three-bay structure with a heavy-beam framework and a double-eaved, hip roof. The temple’s design incorporates both aesthetic and functional elements, showcasing the harmony between architecture and nature. A significant aspect of Yunwo Temple is its unique natural landscape, described in poetic terms: “万石悬空，峻峭高下，恍如云紫，水从中出” (“Mountains of stone suspended, steep and high, resembling purple clouds, water flowing forth”).

The main hall was enhanced in 1894 through fundraising efforts by Mingqi, a monk from Sichuan, and scholar Ding Yingkui (丁映奎). The renovation was completed in 1905, resulting in a splendid structure admired by many. A platform at the front of the temple is adorned with 12 stone slabs, each carved with intricate bas-reliefs of various figures.

Notable Features

To the right of the temple entrance stands a magnificent red bean tree (红豆树), approximately 206 years old, symbolizing resilience and longevity. The serene sound of water cascading from the cave adds a tranquil atmosphere, enhancing the temple’s meditative qualities.

Opening Hours

• Daily: 07:00 AM – 06:30 PM (January 1 – December 31)

Location

• Address: Y165, Zhongheying Township, Kaiyuan City, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province (云南省开远市中和营乡Y165)

Travel Experience

Yunwo Temple is a hidden gem nestled between mountains and water, offering a serene environment enriched with the sounds of nature. Visitors can experience the unique ambiance created by the combination of the temple’s architecture and the natural water flow.

How to Get There

To reach Yunwo Temple, take public transportation from Kaiyuan City to Zhongheying Township. Local buses and taxis are available for convenience.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Plan your visit during the cooler months (September to November) to enjoy the natural beauty and avoid the heat.
• Respect Local Customs: Be mindful of the temple’s religious significance and follow the guidelines during your visit.
• Photography: Capture the stunning scenery and architecture, but be respectful of worshippers and rituals.
• Bring Essentials: Carry water and snacks, as amenities may be limited around the temple.
• Explore the Area: Take time to explore nearby attractions and the natural landscapes surrounding the temple for a complete experience.

Overview

Yuanshidong Cave (缘狮洞) is located 36 kilometers east of Mengzi City (蒙自市) in Mingjiu Village (鸣鹫村), Mingjiu Township (鸣鹫乡), at the foot of Jingling Mountain (静灵山). The cave is named for its rock formations resembling a lion. In 1879, Cao Tingyong (曹廷镛) proposed the development of Jingling Mountain, leading to the construction of a temple. Over the course of more than 20 years, funds were raised to build the main temple, which was further expanded during the Republic of China era.

The site features various structures, including the Mountain Gate (山门), Ling Palace (灵宫殿), Guizhen Shrine (归真祠), the Two Pavilions and Three Virtues Palace (两庑三义宫), Fire God Temple (火神殿), and the Three Purities Hall (三清殿).

At the entrance of Yuanshidong Cave, there are three arched doors, with a plaque and couplet hanging above. The entrance stands 12.5 meters high and 4 meters wide, while the cave itself extends 17.3 meters in length and 9.9 meters in width. Inside, there are 22 stone carvings depicting Avalokiteshvara (观音), the Eighteen Arhats (十八罗汉), and the Golden Boy and Jade Girl (金童玉女). The sculptures exhibit a plump and amiable demeanor, embodying the harmonious integration of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism, which is characteristic of the region.

The Yuanshidong Scenic Area is a prominent destination combining tourism and religious activities. The site is adorned with ancient towering trees, vibrant mountain flowers, blooming rhododendrons, and picturesque scenery, complemented by a pleasant climate. Amidst clusters of bamboo, well-preserved ancient buildings are hidden from view. These ancient structures stretch from the Leishen Temple (雷神殿) at the entrance to the cave, following the natural contours of the mountain. Though named Yuanshidong, the area encompasses more than 30 attractions, including the Three Mountain Gates (三天门), Bagua Pool (八卦池), Guizhen Shrine (归真祠), Juxian Cave (聚仙洞), the Three Purities Hall (三清殿), the White Jade Pavilion (白玉楼), Morning Bell (晨钟), Evening Drum (暮鼓), and more.

Geographic Location

• Chinese Name: 蒙自缘狮洞
• Location: 36 kilometers east of Mengzi City (蒙自市), Mingjiu Township (鸣鹫乡), Mingjiu Village (鸣鹫村)
• Climate Conditions: Subtropical monsoon climate
• Opening Hours: Varies based on the condition of the scenic area
• Attraction Level: National AAAA tourism site
• Area: Over 2,000 square meters
• Famous Attraction: Welcoming Pine (迎客松)

Scenic Introduction

The most prominent feature of Yuanshidong is its natural limestone cave, which has been transformed into a Buddhist temple. Upon entering the cave, about three to four meters in, there are stalactites resembling a lotus platform, known as “Putuo Rock” (普陀岩). Beneath the rock, there is a clear pool of water referred to as “Little South Sea” (小南海). Sitting atop the lotus platform is a stone sculpture of Avalokiteshvara (观音), flanked by the Eighteen Arhats (十八罗汉), each with a height ranging from 35 to 95.65 centimeters.

A rock protruding from the “Lotus Platform” bears a statue of the Queen Mother of the West (西王母), along with figures of a Golden Boy (金童) and a Jade Girl (玉女). The sides of the entrance are adorned with dragon and tiger sculptures. Inside and outside the cave, a suspended corridor on the left connects living quarters and the kitchen, while the right wall features a reclining Buddha, known as the Reclining Buddha Wall (卧佛壁).

During the Tongzhi and Guangxu years (同治, 光绪) of the Qing Dynasty, Cao Tingyong (曹廷镛) actively raised funds for offerings and built a complex of over 30 halls and pavilions integrating Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism, covering an area of over 2,000 square meters. To this day, the halls are continuously filled with incense and attract many visitors.

How to Get There

To reach Yuanshidong Cave in Mengzi City, visitors can take a local bus or drive. The journey from the city center typically takes around 30 to 40 minutes.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn are ideal for visiting when the weather is mild and the scenery is at its best.
• Local Guides: Hiring a local guide can enhance your understanding of the site’s rich history and cultural significance.
• Respect Preservation: Be mindful of preservation efforts and avoid disturbing the site.
• Pack Essentials: Bring water, snacks, and sunscreen, especially if planning to explore the surrounding area.

Overview

The Ten Thousand Mu Pomegranate Garden蒙自市万亩石榴园 is located along the Kunhe Economic Belt in Mengzi City, Yunnan. With a history of over 700 years in pomegranate cultivation, this garden has significantly flourished due to government support and tourism development. It has expanded to 65,000 acres, making it the largest pomegranate-growing area in China, yielding over 60,000 tons of pomegranates annually, which accounts for one-third of the nation’s total output. The economic contribution approaches 200 million yuan, greatly enhancing the local agricultural and rural economy.

Economic Impact

By 2000, the garden had received nearly 500,000 visitors, generating total tourism revenue of 16.5 million yuan. It was recognized as the first agricultural eco-tourism project in Yunnan in 1996. The garden also won one of 82 awards at the 1999 Kunming World Horticultural Exposition.

Pomegranate Characteristics

Mengzi Xinan Suo Sweet Pomegranate

This variety, believed to have been introduced from Iran and Afghanistan, is unique to Xinan Suo Town, located 7.5 kilometers from Mengzi’s county seat. It is known for its large size, thick flesh, small seeds, juicy content, and sweet flavor. The seeds are translucent and nutritious.

Current Production

Mengzi City currently boasts 140,000 acres of pomegranate orchards, yielding an annual output value of 1.2 billion yuan. The harvest season showcases ripe pomegranates hanging from the trees, creating a vibrant scene. At the 58 (Mengzi) Digital Agriculture Demonstration Base in Caoba Town, over 3,000 acres of pomegranate trees are managed using digital and mechanized techniques, requiring only 8 staff members to maintain the orchards.

In Xinan Suo Street, farmers collaborate efficiently to harvest large pomegranates. A local cooperative leads the scaled development of the pomegranate industry, using automated sorting equipment to improve efficiency. This year, the cooperative has acquired over 5,000 tons of pomegranates, primarily sold to markets in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, and Dalian, with exports to Thailand and Vietnam.

Research and Conservation

In 2020, Mengzi City established a Pomegranate Variety Resource Nursery covering 45 acres, preserving about 308 pomegranate varieties (38 foreign and 270 domestic). This initiative aims to collect, preserve, and cultivate different pomegranate varieties while promoting research and educational activities.

Conclusion

The pomegranate industry in Mengzi has created a contiguous 140,000-acre planting area, yielding 360,000 tons of pomegranates annually, benefiting approximately 100,000 residents. This industry has become a vital pillar of Mengzi’s agricultural economy and a key source of income for local farmers.

Location

• Address: Xinan Suo Town, Mengzi County (蒙自县新安所镇)

Cultural Significance

Mengzi, with a history of 720 years, is renowned for its pomegranate garden, recognized as one of China’s top ten agricultural tourism demonstration sites. The sweet pomegranate is a hallmark fruit of Mengzi, celebrated for its flavor and nutritional value.

How to Get There

To reach the Ten Thousand Mu Pomegranate Garden, take public transportation from Mengzi City to Xinan Suo Town. Local buses and taxis are readily available for convenience.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The ideal time for visiting is during the harvest season (September to November) when pomegranates are ripe.
• Taste Local Delicacies: Enjoy pomegranate-flavored dishes and other local specialties during your visit.
• Cultural Respect: Be mindful of local customs when visiting farms and markets.
• Stay Hydrated: Bring water, especially in warmer months.
• Photography: Capture the beauty of the gardens while respecting the locals’ work.
• Plan Ahead: Look for local festivals or events that may enhance your visit.

The Heimajing Tomb (黑蚂井汉墓) is located atop the West Laodong Slope in Heimajing Village (黑蚂井村), Kafang Town (卡房镇), Gejiu City (个旧市), Honghe Prefecture (红河州). Positioned over 30 kilometers from the city center, the site encompasses more than 10,000 square meters, with the burial area exceeding 5,000 square meters.

In recent years, the international rise in tin prices has motivated some mine owners to disregard national laws and encroach on the protected areas surrounding the Heimajing tombs for mining purposes. This has led to significant environmental degradation, posing a direct threat to the safety of the ancient tomb complex. Consequently, the Gejiu Municipal Committee (中共个旧市委) and the Gejiu City Government (个旧市政府) decided to conduct a fourth emergency excavation of the site. As excavation progressed, numerous bronze artifacts from the Eastern Han Dynasty (东汉) were discovered. The finding of Heimajing bronze artifacts is crucial for enhancing the research on the tin culture of Gejiu City and serves as evidence of the historical roots and continuity of tin culture in both Gejiu and the broader Southwest region of China.

Importance of the Unearthed Bronze Artifacts from Heimajing

The history of tin mining in Gejiu dates back to the late Spring and Autumn period (春秋) in the 5th century BC, approximately 2,500 years ago. Throughout this extensive timeline, the early development of tin mining occurred during the Spring and Autumn, Warring States (战国), and Qin-Han dynasties (秦汉), when significant tin production gained a substantial scale and influence. Notably, the Eastern Han historian and writer Ban Gu (班固) referenced tin mining in Ben Gu (贲古) and Wu Mountain (乌山) in his seminal work, Book of Han (《汉书》). This historical context indicates that the Heimajing area, specifically near the foot of Xingshan Longshu (新山龙树), was once a flourishing mining region.

The artifacts recovered include over 100 exquisite bronze utensils, weapons, coins, and iron triangular racks, which represent the transition between the Bronze Age and Iron Age. Noteworthy items, such as bronze figurine lamps from the 1990s and other artifacts like the Zhuque lamp (朱雀灯), teapot (提梁壶), and incense burner (聚宝盆香炉) found during this excavation, suggest that Heimajing served as a vital manufacturing center for the central government during that era. The tomb owner was likely an official involved in the supervisory aspects of production.

The region, historically under the jurisdiction of Yizhou Prefecture (益州郡), included Yongchang County (永昌县) and Ailao County (哀牢县), with Honghe Prefecture belonging to the Ailao Mountain (哀牢山) area. Under central governance, this area had a significant status, particularly in an era characterized by primitive transportation and economic conditions. The presence of such extensive casting workshops suggests that Heimajing played an important role in the early stages of industrial civilization in China and is recognized as one of the earliest centers of metallurgy.

Historical Origins of Heimajing Bronze Artifacts and Tin Culture

Tin culture represents a cultural phenomenon born out of tin production, creating a complex that embodies the industrial civilization, living environment, and spiritual life associated with tin mining, selection, and smelting processes. The excavation of the Heimajing Han Tomb supports the notion that Gejiu’s tin culture has deep historical roots. The craftsmanship in smelting and manufacturing techniques reached impressive levels, showcasing the apex of bronze culture.

During the Han Dynasty, a coin known as White Currency (白币) was minted, made from an alloy of silver and tin that circulated briefly. The surface of the bronze mirror discovered during this excavation contains chromium components that remain lustrous even after over 2,000 years, indicating that our ancestors not only mastered bronze alloy casting but also created silver-tin and nickel-chromium alloys. Analysis of the chemical compositions of numerous bronze artifacts reveals they were manufactured using suitable amounts of tin, and since substantial tin deposits were primarily found in Gejiu, it is likely that the tin used in bronze artifacts sourced from this region. Thus, Gejiu can be identified as the origin of “tin culture,” embodying the spirit of bronze culture. Today, tin culture continues to shape China’s industrial trajectory, and the longstanding tin tradition has established Gejiu as the famous “Tin Capital” (锡都).

Cultural Intersection of Tin Culture

Tin culture results from the fusion between Central Plains culture (中原文化) and border culture (边地文化). The Han culture (汉族文化) from the Central Plains and minority cultures from border areas have blended over time to form a cohesive identity in Gejiu. Artifacts such as the copper figurine lamps unearthed from the 1980s, showcasing distinctive facial features and attire, along with various forms of oral literature and legends from the Yinxian (阴山) and Yangshan (阳山) areas, illustrate this cultural interaction between Han and minority cultures in this region.

A particularly representative example is the Tang Dynasty (唐代) Dongjing music, still prevalent in Datun (大屯), Kafang, and other locales. Without the rich history of tin culture, the Tang music would not have been able to endure in this area. The continuity of these cultural phenomena is sustained by multiple factors: the political system, as Gejiu was part of Yizhou Prefecture (益州郡) under central governance; trade routes, such as the Wuchidao (五尺道), a vital passage since the Qin Dynasty; and military interactions, as the Sichuan Basin was under the control of the Shu Kingdom during the Three Kingdoms period, with Zhuge Liang (诸葛亮) leading military efforts to stabilize the Southern regions (南中) and strategically overcoming local leader Meng Huo (孟获). These historical connections underscore Gejiu’s early cultural and military exchanges with the inland regions.

Integrating History and Economy

The challenge lies in how to merge historical significance with tourism to support the modern economy. The tourism economy, regarded as a form of low-carbon economic development, is characterized by minimal investment and rapid returns, exemplifying both social and economic benefits—commonly referred to as a smoke-free industry. Presently, there is ongoing development in Gejiu’s tourism sector, and while skepticism exists, there is potential for growth. The core focus of tourism development should center on tin culture.

Tourism relies on two main pillars: natural scenery and cultural heritage. The creation of these attractions represents the essence of tourism. Gejiu, with its perpetually spring-like climate and rich tin cultural heritage, must prioritize the development of tourism centered on tin culture.

Currently, the site of the Heimajing Han Tomb lacks adequate preservation conditions. It is proposed that the unearthed Han tombs be restored to the summit of Laoyin Mountain (老阴山) to establish a dedicated Han tomb tourism area, harmonizing with the existing Baohua Temple (宝华寺) upper courtyard, thus creating a unified tourism product that merges Buddhist culture with the heritage of ancient industrial civilization.

Furthermore, leveraging scenic attractions is essential for tourism growth. Gejiu should be positioned as a central hub, connecting to nearby county and city tourist sites—such as border tourism in Hekou (河口), sightseeing at the Yuanyang Hani Rice Terraces (元阳哈尼梯田), cultural exploration at the Jianshui Confucius Temple (建水孔庙), and historical visits to the Zhu Family Garden (朱家花园). Integrating these resources into Gejiu’s tourism strategy would invigorate the industry and foster a vibrant sector amid economic transformation.

How to Get There

To reach the Heimajing Tomb of Han Dynasty in Gejiu City, visitors can take a bus or drive from the Gejiu city center. The journey typically lasts around 30-40 minutes.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The ideal time to explore the site is during spring and autumn, when the weather is mild and pleasant.
• Local Guides: Hiring a local guide can enhance your experience by providing deeper insights into the historical significance of the artifacts and the culture of the area.
• Respect Preservation: Visitors should be mindful of the site’s preservation efforts and avoid disturbing any excavated areas.
• Pack Essentials: It’s advisable to bring water, snacks, and sunscreen, especially if planning to explore the surrounding natural scenery.