Daguan Grand View of Dongchuan Red Land (红土地大观) is located in Xiaohua Section of Hongtudi Town (红土地镇), Dongchuan District (东川区), Kunming City (昆明市), Yunnan Province (云南省). It is one of the most spectacular red earth landscapes in the world and a prime example of the combination of red landforms and agricultural culture. This attraction ranks among the top 100 most beautiful sights in China and is one of the four major colorful tourism paradises in the country.

View of Dongchuan Red Land from Daguan is magnificent and thrilling. You will have different experiences in different time. When the sun gradually goes down, the land is covered by the light of sunset, which shows a more stereo scene of the  terraced fields. You can also see a dragon tree of thousands of years that has been dead for three years and sprouts again. the locals considered it as “sacred tree” which blesses the villagers in the areas.

Overview

Daguan Grand View covers an area of approximately 116 square kilometers. Key attractions within the site include:

• Jinxiu Garden (锦绣园)
• Colorful Slope (七彩坡)
• Musical Score Hollow (乐谱凹)
• Dama Kan (打马坎)
• Falling Sunset Valley (落霞沟)
• Millennium Old Dragon Tree (千年老龙树)
• Wafang Liangzi (瓦房梁子)
• Spiral Bay (螺丝湾)
• White Mud Pond (白泥塘)
• Red Land Grand View (红土大观)
• Duoyi Tree (多依树)

The red earth in this area has developed under the high-temperature and high-rainfall climate conditions typical of Dongchuan, Yunnan. The soil is rich in iron and aluminum, resulting in heavy and sticky soil with a vibrant red color, creating a unique red landform.

From September to December each year, the crops on the red land reach maturity. Some areas are plowed and prepared for planting, while others have already been sown with green barley, wheat, and various other crops. This creates a striking contrast with the red soil, resulting in a brilliant display of colors. Coupled with the blue sky, white clouds, and ever-changing beams of light, these elements compose spectacular views that captivate visitors.

Visitor Experience

At Daguan Grand View, tourists can appreciate the unique landscapes of the red earth and experience the charm of agricultural culture. Additionally, they can learn about the formation and evolution of the red land, gaining knowledge and broadening their horizons. There are also many other attractions nearby, such as the Old Dragon Tree (老龙树) and Falling Sunset Valley (落霞沟), which are worth a visit.

This tour offers you the chance to deeply appreciate the beauty of North-East Yunnan. You will climb up to Jiaozi Snow Mountain and Luoxiagou Valley in the famous Dongchuan Red Land,enjoying the bright red land with various crops, blue sky, white cloud and unpredictable light form the spectacular scenery. Travelers can view the most typical, lumped and featured red land in Yunnan.

Brief Itinerary

• Day 1 Kunming-Jiaozi Snow Moutain-Dongchuan
• Day 2 Dongchuan-Kunming

Google Map

Detailed Itinerary

Day 1 Kunming-Jiaozi Snow Moutain-Dongchuan

Sightseeing and Activities: Dongchuan Red Land, Jiaozi Snow Mountain, Luoxiagou Valley
Accommodation: Dongchuan
Meals: Lunch

Pick you up at your hotel in downtown Kunming and drive to Jiaozi Snow Mountain.In winter and spring, the mountain is covered with pure white snow, with beautiful icefalls hanging from cliffs. In summer and autumn, the fragrant azalea flowers are in full blossom with bees humming and butterflies dancing around. In one word, scenery in the Jiaozi Snow Mountain is extraordinary. 

After enjoying a 3 or 4 hours visiting and moutain climbing, we will drive to Dongchuan Red Land to enjoy the sunset of Luoxiagou Valley. Dongchuan Red Landis believed to hold the world’s most imposing red land and is even more magnificent than the one in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is the most massive red land with typical features of Yunnan plateau.

Recommended Hotels

Service Included:

• Admission fees for all of the sightseeing spots listed in the itinerary;
• Meals as listed in the itinerary;
• Accommodation with breakfast as listed in the itinerary;
• Private English-speaking tour guide and vehicle for transfers & sightseeing;
• Service charge & government taxes;
• Luggage transfers between airports and hotels;
• Two bottles of mineral water each day.

Service Excluded:

• Any arrival and departure international airfares or train tickets;
  Chinese visa fees;
• Excess baggage charged by Airlines;
• Tips to guides and drivers;
• Personal expenses and gratuities to service staff;
• Personal travel insurance;
• All optional programs;
• Domestic flight/train not listed in the itinerary. (We can provide you the domestic flight/train ticket booking service at the BEST discount price; please contact us our travel experts for the details.)

Dagu Niuzhai Mountain (大牯牛寨) is located at the border between Dongchuan District (东川区) in Kunming and Huize County (会泽县) in Qujing City (曲靖市), Yunnan Province. It is part of the Wumeng Mountain Range (乌蒙山脉) and was first successfully climbed by the Kunming Mountaineering and Exploration Association in 1990. The name “Dahai” (大海) is a transliteration of the Yi language word “Da Qi Bai” (达七摆), which means “above the steps.” The highest point of these “steps” is Dagu Niuzhai Peak, which reaches an impressive altitude of 4,017.3 meters. In contrast, the elevation at the Xiaojiang River (小江) is only around 1,100 meters, creating a dramatic vertical drop of nearly 3,000 meters. The mountain features gentle slopes and vast, open high-altitude meadows typical of subalpine landscapes.

Historical Significance

According to the Gazetteer of Dongchuan Prefecture (东川府志), Dagu Niuzhai Mountain was described as:

“Steep ridges and towering peaks, often shrouded in clouds. On clear days, the lush greenery is visible from hundreds of miles across central Yunnan.”

While the summit may not evoke the sense of surveying “all under heaven,” the grandeur and power of the landscape naturally inspire pride.

Original text:

“垂冈绝巘，危峰矗立，常有云气覆之，每天晴日朗，苍翠欲滴，滇中四五百里皆见之”

Climate and Features

The vertical height difference on Dagu Niuzhai Mountain results in a varied climate, often described as “four seasons on one mountain.” One of the most famous features is the western slope, where the Xiaojiang Mudslide Area (小江泥石流区) is located. This area, including Jiangjiagou (蒋家沟), is known for large-scale mudslides, a rare geological phenomenon both in China and internationally.

On the eastern slope of the mountain, the scenery transforms into a verdant, tranquil landscape. Crystal-clear spring water flows year-round, and vast stretches of green grass cover the land like a natural carpet. The expansive meadows, often dotted with herders, are home to flocks of sheep that are carefully guided by shepherds wearing white felt robes and carrying slender wooden staffs.

Unique Mountain Landscape

During the summer months, the steep cliffs of Dagu Niuzhai Mountain are a nesting site for thousands of swifts (雨燕). These birds contribute to the area’s beauty while providing local farmers with thousands of kilograms of swift guano, a valuable fertilizer used for growing crops like potatoes and oats. Watching the swifts leave their nests in the morning is a mesmerizing experience; their soft calls fill the air as they rise like smoke from the cliffs. In the evening, as the sunset paints the mountain in golden hues, the swifts return, forming dark clouds as they settle back onto the cliffside.

The mountain’s lush meadows are home to over 200 species of pasture grasses, which, combined with abundant water, ensure the health of local cattle and sheep. In the spring and summer, vibrant wildflowers bloom across the landscape, creating a breathtakingly beautiful scene. Surrounded by greenery, flowers, streams, and grazing animals, you will find a sense of peace and escape from the noise and stress of city life.

In the autumn and winter, the mountain is often enveloped in mist, and when the snow begins to fall, it blankets the surrounding peaks, creating a seamless and ethereal vision of white, which leaves visitors enchanted.

The 2-day Dongchuan Red Land Tour is one of the famous Yunnan photography tours. It can not be missed for photographers. Dongchuan, a rural place in the Wumeng Mountainous area, about 180 km north of Kunming, becomes very famous among Chinese photographers for its red soil(also called red land). Within several dozens of miles radius from Huashitou Village, the most beautiful attractions of Dongchuan Red Land are Damakan, Qicaigou, Jinxiu Yuan, Luoxiagou, Yuepuao, Ancient Tree, Luosiwan, etc. Most of them are comparatively concentrated. Have a leisure walk on the red land, watch the sunset and sunrise view of the red land, and take photos of the colorful fields. You will not leave here with regret.

Brief Itinerary

• Day 1: Kunming-Dongchuan
• Day 2: Dongchuan-Kunming

Detailed Itinerary

Recommended Hotels

Service Included:

• Admission fees for all of the sightseeing spots listed in the itinerary;
• Meals as listed in the itinerary;
• Hotels as listed in the itinerary;
• Private English-speaking tour guide;
• Private vehicle for transfers & sightseeing with skilled driver;
• Service charge & government taxes;

Service Excluded:

• Any arrival and departure international airfares or train tickets;
• Chinese visa fees;
• Excess baggage charged by Airlines;
• Tips to guides and drivers;
• Personal expenses and gratuities to service staff;
• Personal travel accident insurance;
• All optional programs.

Travel Tips for Sunrise and Sunset Viewing of Dongchuan Red Land

Dongchuan Red Land is renowned for its vibrant red soil and stunning landscapes, making it a photographer’s paradise, especially during sunrise and sunset. Here are some travel tips to make the most of your sunrise and sunset viewing experience:

Day 1: Sunset Viewing

1. Arrive Early: Start your journey from Kunming early in the morning to reach Dongchuan Red Land by mid-afternoon. This will give you enough time to check into your accommodation and head out to sunset viewing spots.
2. Best Sunset Spots:
   • Luoxiagou (Luoxia Valley): This is one of the best places to capture the sunset. The golden light during sunset reflects beautifully on the red soil and terraced fields, creating a magical view. Arrive at least 30 minutes before sunset to find a good spot.
   • Damakan Village: Another popular spot for sunset, with its terraced fields and rolling hills bathed in the evening light.
3. Photography Gear: Bring a tripod for steady shots and a camera with a wide-angle lens to capture the vast landscape. A polarizing filter can enhance the colors and contrast.
4. Warm Clothing: Evenings can get quite chilly, especially after sunset. Bring a jacket or sweater to stay comfortable.
5. Stay Until Blue Hour: The period right after sunset, known as the blue hour, offers soft, beautiful lighting. Consider staying a bit longer to capture this serene ambiance.

Day 2: Sunrise Viewing

1. Early Start: Wake up early, ideally around 5:00 AM, to reach the best sunrise viewing spots before dawn. Sunrise usually occurs between 6:30 AM and 7:00 AM, depending on the season.
2. Best Sunrise Spots:
   • Damakan Village: It’s also an excellent spot for sunrise, offering panoramic views of the terraced fields as the first light hits them.
   • Jinxiuyuan (Splendid Garden): Another prime spot for sunrise, known for its sweeping views of the colorful fields under the morning light.
3. Check Weather Conditions: Sunrise and sunset views can be obstructed by fog or clouds. Check the local weather forecast the night before to increase your chances of a clear view.
4. Bring Snacks and Water: Sunrise viewing might mean early breakfast, so bringing some snacks and water is a good idea to keep you energized.
5. Patience is Key: Arriving early ensures a good spot, and waiting patiently as the light changes will reward you with the best photographic opportunities.

General Tips for Both Sunrise and Sunset Viewing

• Accommodation: Book a local guesthouse near the main viewing spots for convenience. This will save travel time and allow you to rest between sunrise and sunset sessions.
• Respect Local Customs: Dongchuan Red Land is home to local farmers. Respect their property and way of life while exploring and taking photos.
• Safety First: Some viewing spots can be steep or uneven. Wear comfortable hiking shoes and be cautious, especially in low-light conditions.

By following these tips, you’ll be well-prepared to enjoy and capture the stunning beauty of Dongchuan Red Land at both sunrise and sunset.

Have you ever heard about Dongchuan Red Land? The fantastic soil which colored by red is an amazing scene for people who love to take photos about the marvelous things in the world. Different like many other scenery in China, Dongchuan is more like a palette held by the hand of nature. This tour combines the 8 days Yunnan classic tour with Dongchuan red Land, which is an absolutely amazing itinerary.

Highlights:

• Visit the highlights of Kunming, Dali, Lijiang and Shangri-La.
• Discover the ethnic culture of Yis, Bais, Naxis and Tibetan.
• Enjoy the scenery of God’s Palette – Donchuan Red Land.

Brief Itinerary

• Day 1: Kunming Arrival
• Day 2: Kunming – Dongchuan
• Day 3: Dongchuan – Kunming
• Day 4: Kunming – Stone Forest – Kunming
• Day 5: Kunming – Dali
• Day 6: Dali – Lijiang
• Day 7: Lijiang
• Day 8: Lijiang – Shangri-La
• Day 9: Shangri-La
• Day 10: Shangri-La Departure

Google Map

Detailed Itinerary

Day 1 Kunming Arrival

Sightseeing and Activities:Airport pick up
Accommodation: Kunming
Meals:

Upon arrival at the Kunming airport/train station, the local tour guide and driver will meet you in the arrival hall and escort you to your hotel.You’ll begin your journey to the diverse and captivating province of Yunnan from the capital city, Kunming. 

Day 2 Kunming -Dongchuan Red Land

Sightseeing and Activities:Music Hollow, Luoxianggou Valley
Accommodation: Dongchuan
Meals: Breakfast, Lunch

At 8:30 am you will be picked up and drive to Dongchuan Red Land (3-3.5hrs ) which  is a new rising tourist destination near Kunming, loved by photographers and backpackers, and praised as “God’s palette”. These red lands, extending for nearly 50 kilometers (30 miles), are the most striking and distinctive in the world.  Arrive at Dongchuang,  make the tour of Music Hollow(Yuepuao) which is near ‘Flower Stone’ (Huashitou 花石头 /hwaa-shrr-toe/) village, known as “the best place for photography”. Get some sunset and sunset glow photos in Wafang Liangzi, or catch the sunset glow in ‘Music Hollow’ after the sunset.

And enjoy the sunset of the beautiful red land of Luoxianggou Valley. Surrounded by mountains, Luoxiagou looks like a sunken depression from a distance. Traditional local villages adorn the colorful fields. A great place for photography blockbusters that you should not miss, a telephoto lens is recommended to shoot villages in the distance. Photographers should arrive at Luoxiagou around 4:30 pm. Late afternoon is the best time.

Day 3 Dongchuan Red Land – Kunming

Sightseeing and Activities:Damakan, Qicaipo Villiage, Jinxiuyuan
Accommodation: Kunming
Meals: Breakfast, Lunch

Early in the morning, enjoy the Sunrise of Damakan, a large spread of red fields are in the arms of continuous mountains at the skyline. Due to its local topographical advantage, Damakan is the best site to see a sunrise. In order to get a favorable position for perfect pictures, travelers should get up at 5:00. Leave the hotel at 5:30 and arrive at Damakan within 30 minutes.

Continue to visit Seven-Color Slope(Qicaipo) Near ‘Embroidery Garden’. ‘Seven-Color Slope’ gets its name from seven fields with seven different colors (when the right crops are planted and growing). However, usually travelers are not lucky enough to see the seven colors, so we don’t suggest visiting it.

Later move to visit Jinxiuyuan that has a vast expanse of many rolling hills with red fields. A great location for shots of the colorful fields, a traditional village and some trees also offer a vivid countryside picture.

After lunch, drive back to Kunming (3-3.5hrs ) in the late afternoon. 

Day 4 Kunming

Sightseeing and Activities:The Stone Forest, The Green Lake Park, The Flower and Birds Market
Accommodation: Kunming
Meals: Breakfast, Lunch

At 9:00 am , our tour guide pick up you from your hotel lobby, and drive 86 km to the renowned Stone Forest, the ‘First Wonder of the World’. You’ll marvel at its natural stone masterpieces and be bewitched by the intricate formations. You feel like come into a ‘stone world’.

Afterwards, transfer back to Kunming downtown and stroll in the most picturesque park in Kunming urban area – the Green Lake Park, a charming area of tea houses and small boutiques selling handicrafts and beautiful local paintings. Here you can share the happiness of local people’s doing Tai chi, performing local opera, and other vibrant activities. If you visit the park in November or December, you will see the grandeur of huge flocks of red-beaked seagulls that migrate there from Siberia. Then stroll in the Flowers and Birds Market in the downtown.

After tour , transfer back to your hotel.

Day 7 Lijiang

Sightseeing and Activities:Jade Dragon Snow Mountain, Baisha Murals, Baisha Old Town
Accommodation: Lijiang
Meals: Breakfast, Lunch

This morning, you will  drive about 30KM to Jade Dragon Snow Mountain. upon arrival, you will take the sightseeing bus for a short visiting through the Baishuihe River, take the chairlift up to visit Spruce Meadow (3200m ) of  Jade Dragon Snow Mountain. The cableway will be arranged according to the condition of the mountain. You will hike around 1 hour in the original forest in Yak Meadow(3700M).

And go to transfer to Baisha Old Town in the late afternoon. Pay a visit to Baisha Murals.

Day 9 Shangri-La

Sightseeing and Activities:Songzanlin monastery, Pudcuo national park, Dukezong Old Town
Accommodation: Shangri-La
Meals: Breakfast, Lunch

In the morning, visit the Ganden Sumtseling Monastery, the largest Tibetan monastery in Yunnan. Songzanlin Monastery has another alias – ‘the little Potala Palace ‘, so named because the whole monastery is in the traditional style with mysterious atmosphere. And afterwards you’ll visit the tranquil Bita Lake & Shudu Lake in Pudacuo National Park  which is located in one of the most biologically-diverse regions of the world. While the region comprises only 0.7 percent of China’s land area, it contains more than 20 percent of the country’s plant species, about one-third of its mammal and bird species and almost 100 endangered species.

Visit Dukezong Tibetan Ancient Town in the late afternoon, climb up to the top of Guishan Hill or tortoise Hill, you will see the largest Prayer Wheel of the world and have a panoramic view of shangrila county and Dukezong Ancient Town.

Recommended Hotels

Service Included:

1.Admission fees for all of the sightseeing spots listed in the itinerary;
2.Meals as listed in the itinerary;
3.Hotels as listed in the itinerary;
4.Private English-speaking tour guide and vehicle for transfers & sightseeing;
5.Service charge & government taxes;
6. Luggage transfers between airports and hotels;
7. Two bottles of mineral water each day;

Service Excluded:

1.Any arrival and departure international airfares or train tickets;
2.Chinese visa fees;
3.Excess baggage charged by Airlines;
4.Single room supplement;
5.Tips to guides and drivers;
6.Personal expenses and gratuities to service staff.
7.Personal travel accident insurance;
8.All optional programs;
9.Domestic air tickets fares with airport tax and fuel extra fee based on economy class mentioned in the program.

Overview

Dongchuan Forest Park (东川森林公园) is located in the northeastern suburbs of Tongdu Town (铜都镇), Dongchuan District (东川区), Kunming City (昆明市). Construction began in 1986 on what was originally a deep gully formed by mudslides, known locally as “Shengou” (深沟). The forest park was developed based on the management of mudslides, transforming the area into a beautiful green space.

The park features towering mountains and steep slopes, with winding paths leading into tranquil areas. The gully is adorned with numerous waterfalls of varying sizes. The nearby Phoenix trees (凤凰树) and Silver birch trees (银桦树) sway gracefully, while the area is filled with evergreen Acacia trees (银合欢). In recent years, many cherry blossom trees (樱花), Crape myrtle trees (紫薇花), and Jacaranda trees (蓝花楹树) have also been planted. Along the mountainside, lush Poplar trees (杨树), Tibetan cypress (藏柏), and tall tropical plants like the Paulownia (桐剑麻) flourish.

Local residents believe that the park has a strong magnetic field beneficial to health, and every day, thousands of people jog along the gully carrying mineral water, making it a local spectacle. Notable attractions include:

• Zhuguo Temple (祝国寺)
• Baiying Waterfall (白滢瀑布)
• Bailong Cave (白龙洞)

Scenic Features

Dongchuan Forest Park (东川森林公园) is situated in the northeastern suburbs of Xincun Town (新村镇), Dongchuan District (东川区), with construction beginning in 1986. It was established as a forest park on the foundation of mudslide management demonstration projects. The gully is flanked by mountains, where lush Poplar trees (杨树) and distinct tropical plants thrive, providing a pleasant walking experience along the shaded paths. The swaying Phoenix trees (凤凰树) and Cloud birch trees (云桦树) grace the area, while the gully is home to an abundance of evergreen Acacia trees (银合欢).

Local people believe that the park’s strong magnetic field promotes health, and it has become common to see thousands of individuals jogging in the deep gully each morning, carrying mineral water, adding to the park’s charm.

Baiying Waterfall

Baiying Waterfall (白滢瀑布) is located at the end of the park. Standing over a hundred meters high, the waterfall appears like a flowing white silk from a distance. When viewed up close, the mist rises, creating a mesmerizing sight of silver droplets, giving a sense of heavenly elixir cascading down, refreshing the spirit.

Bailong Cave

To reach Bailong Cave (白龙洞), one must climb for about 20 minutes. Inside the cave, natural spring water flows down, forming a waterfall nearly a hundred meters high. The splashes at the base create a scene of silver flowers amidst lush greenery, with clear water revealing the bottom of the pool, presenting a naturally beautiful landscape.

Important Notes

Dongchuan Forest Park (东川森林公园) can be visited year-round. Dongchuan is classified as a dry hot river valley region, and summers can be quite hot, so visitors should be prepared to stay cool.

Recommended Time

2-3 days

Transportation

Take a bus from the Dongchuan District (东川区) passenger station to Fazhe, passing through Huagou Village (花沟村) and Huashitou Village (花石头村), among other areas.

Admission

The entrance fee is 1 RMB.

Location

Dongchuan District (东川区), Kunming City (昆明市), along the 029 Provincial Road (029乡道).

The Xiaojiang Mudslide in Dongchuan District, Kunming, is renowned as a natural museum of mudslides and serves as an ideal location for studying the relationship between human survival and the natural environment. The area’s unique geological features and frequent mudslides have earned it a distinguished reputation both in China and internationally.

Location of Xiaojiang (小江地理位置)

Xiaojiang is a tributary on the southern bank of the Jinsha River (金沙江), stretching 138.2 kilometers in length. The river valley at the bottom is 15 to 50 meters wide, with steep cliffs on both sides, resulting in an elevation difference of 1,000 to 2,000 meters. The water has a total drop of 909 meters. Due to the loose structure of the rock layers on both sides of the valley, sparse vegetation, and the highly developed deep-cut valleys, the area is prone to massive mudslides.

Unique Characteristics of the Scenic Area (景区特点)

During the flood season, the mudslides are particularly fierce, with a flow rate reaching over 1,000 billion cubic meters per second. The flow carries stones of various sizes mixed with mud, as well as broken branches, creating a massive “river of mud and stone.” This dramatic phenomenon is the result of ecological imbalance but also forms one of nature’s awe-inspiring spectacles.

Within a 90-kilometer range downstream of Longtoushan (龙头山), there are 51 mudslide channels, including Jiangjia Gully (蒋家沟), Daxiaobaini Gully (大小白泥沟), Yutoutang Gully (芋头塘沟), and Laogan Gully (老干沟), all of which are in their active development stages.

Scale and History (规模)

The mudslide development in Dongchuan has been ongoing for over 300 years. Currently, there are 113 mudslide gullies in the region, with Jiangjia Gully being the most prominent. Jiangjia Gully alone has 178 impact channels, with frequent, large-scale mudslide eruptions that cover a wide variety of types. The intact preservation of the fan-shaped impact area is not only rare in China but is also considered a leading example worldwide.

A remarkable phenomenon in Jiangjia Gully is that the loose stones in the mudslide formation area are in a state of critical stability, such that loud sounds can cause the stones to collapse and flow. Due to the frequent mudslides, the riverbed has risen by over 100 meters in the past 50 years. Standing at the bottom of the gully feels like being a tiny speck in a vast sea of stones.

Noteworthy Phenomenon: “Shout and the Stones Collapse” (声喊则碎石崩流)

This is a unique feature of Jiangjia Gully (蒋家沟), where shouting or loud sounds can trigger stone collapses, making the mudslide even more dramatic and dangerous.

Off-road Sports Events (运动项目)

Dongchuan has fully utilized its mudslide resources to develop off-road racing, holding four successful races to date. The Dongchuan Off-road Car Race has gained significant recognition from the Federation of Automobile Sports of China. In 2005, the federation awarded Dongchuan the title “China Mudslide Off-road Racing Track” (中国泥石流汽车越野赛道). By 2007, the race was included as a station of the National Four-Wheel Drive Rally Series, marking Dongchuan’s rise to one of China’s premier racing events.

The total race route spans 401.46 kilometers, with participants from eight provinces across China, featuring 18 teams and 58 cars. This demonstrates how the fame of Dongchuan’s mudslide race has expanded beyond Yunnan, making a name for itself across the nation.

Key Attractions and Names:

• Xiaojiang Mudslide (东川小江泥石流)
• Jinsha River (金沙江)
• Longtoushan (龙头山)
• Jiangjia Gully (蒋家沟)
• Daxiaobaini Gully (大小白泥沟)
• Yutoutang Gully (芋头塘沟)
• Laogan Gully (老干沟)
• China Mudslide Off-road Racing Track (中国泥石流汽车越野赛道)

Overview of Wumengshan Mountain

Wumengshan Mountain (乌蒙山) is the watershed between the Jinsha River (金沙江) and the Beipan River (北盘江). It is located in the northern part of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau (滇东高原) and the northwestern part of the Guizhou Plateau (贵州高原). Stretching in a northeast-southwest direction, it is a young mountain range formed by fault uplifting. Most of its composition is ancient limestone, with an average altitude of around 2,000 meters and the highest peak reaching 4,000 meters. The mountain rises 500 to 1,000 meters above the surrounding plateau.

The region is rich in karst topography, with numerous basins, deeply cut valleys, isolated hills, limestone erosion basins, and underground rivers. The scenery includes majestic karst formations like sinkholes, limestone valleys, and mysterious caves.

A Poetic Tribute by Mao Zedong

The grandeur of Wumengshan is vividly captured in the famous verse by Mao Zedong (毛泽东):
“Wumeng is so vast, it feels like we are treading on mud balls.”
(乌蒙磅礴走泥丸)
This poem encapsulates the powerful and rugged landscape of the Wumeng Mountains.

Dagu Niu Zhai (大牯牛寨)

Dagu Niu Zhai (大牯牛寨) is the highest peak in the Wumengshan Range, exuding an imposing aura. The mountain is only 9 kilometers from Dongchuan City (东川城区), but it rises dramatically with a height difference of 2,767.3 meters, an extraordinary geological feature. Most of the mountain consists of hard limestone, appearing brownish in color. From both near and far, the peaks tower majestically, and the cliffs are sharp and awe-inspiring.

During spring and summer, as visitors approach the foot of the mountain, they walk through vast grasslands filled with vibrant wildflowers. The slopes are adorned with blossoming camellias, adding to the beauty of the landscape. Occasionally, the sight of wild mountain goats racing across the cliffs adds excitement to the breathtaking scenery.

The Crash Site of the American “Flying Tigers” Squadron

At an altitude of 3,000 meters on Xiaogu Niu Peak (小牯牛峰), there is a historic site commemorating the crash of an American “Flying Tigers” plane during World War II. This site attracts many adventurers and history enthusiasts, eager to uncover its mysteries.

Other Scenic Highlights

The mountain is also home to legendary spots like Yunmen Pass (云门关) and Xianren Cave (仙人洞), set amidst towering peaks and deep valleys. These locations offer stunning views of high-altitude karst caves and underground rivers. From the mountain’s summit, visitors can witness clouds flowing below and the subtropical town at the base of the mountain, providing a striking experience of the phenomenon: “One mountain, four seasons; ten miles, different weather.” (一山有四季、十里不同天)

Dagu Niu Zhai (大牯牛寨) – The Highest Peak

Dagu Niu Zhai (大牯牛寨) is located at the border between Dongchuan District (东川区), Kunming, and Huize County (会泽县), Qujing City (曲靖市). It is the highest peak in the Wumengshan Range and is known for its grandeur. The name “Dahai” (大海) comes from the Yi language (彝语), meaning “above the steps,” referring to the terraced landscapes leading to the highest point of the range, Dagu Niu Zhai, which stands at an altitude of 4,017.3 meters. This peak is also the highest point in Qujing City, while the lowest point is where the Xiaojiang River (小江) meets the Jinsha River (金沙江), with a vertical difference of 3,322.3 meters.

The Dagu Niu Zhai landscape is characterized by vast alpine and subalpine meadows, providing visitors with wide, open views and a sense of awe.

A Description from the “Dongchuan Gazetteer” (东川府志)

The Dongchuan Gazetteer records the following about Dagu Niu Zhai:
“The peaks are perilously high, always shrouded in clouds. On clear days, the greenery appears vividly, visible from over four to five hundred miles away in central Yunnan.”
(垂冈绝巘，危峰矗立，常有云气覆之，每天晴日朗，苍翠欲滴，滇中四五百里皆见之)

Climbing to the peak, although one may not feel like they are on top of the world, they cannot help but be filled with pride, inspired by the grandeur of the landscape.

Dramatic Elevation Changes

Dagu Niu Zhai has one of the most dramatic elevation changes, with weather that varies significantly depending on altitude. Visitors often remark on the experience of “traveling through four seasons in a single day, and encountering different weather within ten miles.” This unique feature contributes to its fame.

Western Slope – Jiangjia Ravine (蒋家沟)

On the western slope of Dagu Niu Zhai lies Jiangjia Ravine (蒋家沟), one of the largest and rarest debris flow zones in the world, known for its dramatic mudslides. This natural phenomenon is both awe-inspiring and dangerous, drawing geologists and tourists alike.

Eastern Slope – Lush Grasslands

On the eastern slope, clear springs flow year-round, and the meadows are covered in lush green grass, resembling a natural carpet that stretches endlessly. Visitors can often spot herders wearing traditional white wool cloaks, guiding their flocks of sheep across the expansive grasslands. This serene image evokes the peaceful coexistence between people and nature in this rugged yet beautiful landscape.

Reflection

Dagu Niu Zhai exemplifies the harmonious relationship between nature’s might and human endeavor. It serves as a reminder of the wisdom found in respecting nature’s rhythms while integrating human life into the landscape. Whether for adventure, history, or simply to experience breathtaking scenery, Wumengshan Mountain remains a must-visit destination for nature lovers and explorers.

Shengou Forest Park (深沟森林公园) is located in the northeastern suburb of Xincun Town (新村镇), in Dongchuan District (东川区), Kunming. The park was established in 1986 and originally served as a natural disaster management project for a debris flow channel. Later, it was transformed into a forest park based on a model debris flow control system. The park features flowing streams between mountains, lush poplar trees, and various tropical plants such as sisal (桐剑麻). Visitors can enjoy the tranquil pathways lined with phoenix trees (凤凰树) and silver birch trees (银桦树), while the entire park is covered with evergreen silver wattle (银合欢).

Unique Natural Features

Locals believe that the park has a strong magnetic field, which is said to be beneficial to health. Every day, thousands of people can be seen jogging in the valley, carrying bottles of spring water, making it a local tradition. The park is known for several famous attractions, including:

• Zhuguo Temple (祝国寺)
• Baiying Waterfall (白滢瀑布)
• Huanglong Cave (黄龙洞)

History of Shengou Forest Park

The park was built in a former debris flow channel and is considered a demonstration project for debris flow management. Since its development, the park has become a beloved spot for locals and tourists alike. Surrounded by mountains with flowing streams, visitors can enjoy the cooling shade provided by the abundant poplar trees and the vibrant greenery of tropical plants. Walking along the shady paths, one can feel the fresh breeze, with phoenix trees and silver birch trees dancing in the wind.

Baiying Waterfall (白滢瀑布)

At the far end of the park lies Baiying Waterfall (白滢瀑布), which cascades down from a height of over 100 meters. From a distance, the waterfall appears like a white ribbon flowing through the air, with mist and clouds swirling around it. Up close, the waterfall creates a fine spray of water droplets that resemble silver needles, evoking a sense of celestial beauty and refreshing vitality.

Engineering Marvel: Climbing Water Design (爬坡水)

The construction of the tourist road in Shengou Forest Park was carefully designed to adapt to the local terrain. Engineers demonstrated ingenuity by building water channels on top of the drainage system that give the appearance of water “climbing” up the slopes. This innovative design uses the natural contours of the land to increase drainage efficiency. The slope enables the water to flow faster, preventing road accidents caused by water accumulation. At the same time, this feature enhances the park’s aesthetic appeal, offering visitors a visually stunning experience.

This “climbing water” design reflects a profound understanding and respect for the natural environment. It’s not a waste of resources or a disruption of nature, but rather a harmonious collaboration between human ingenuity and the laws of nature, contributing to a beautiful living environment.

A Thought-Provoking Design

The “climbing water” system offers a new perspective on the balance between natural beauty and human innovation. It challenges us to think about how urban planning can incorporate nature-friendly designs, making cities not only functional but also beautiful and livable. This innovative feature inspires us to explore more sustainable and aesthetic solutions for future urban development.

Notable Attractions in Shengou Forest Park

• Zhuguo Temple (祝国寺): An ancient temple located in the park, offering spiritual and cultural insights.
• Baiying Waterfall (白滢瀑布): A breathtaking waterfall that cascades down from a height of over 100 meters.
• Huanglong Cave (黄龙洞): After a 20-minute hike uphill, visitors can reach this cave, which features a natural waterfall formed by spring water flowing from inside. The waterfall is nearly 100 meters high, with water splashing into a clear pool surrounded by green shade, creating a natural scenic wonder.

Additional Tips for Visitors

Shengou Forest Park is suitable for visits all year round. However, since Dongchuan District is located in a dry, hot valley area, the summer climate can be quite warm, so visitors are advised to prepare for the heat.

• Recommended Duration: 1-3 hours
• Transportation:
  • By car: From Kunming City, take the Hangrui Expressway (杭瑞高速), followed by the Yukun Expressway (渝昆高速), then the Gongdai Road (功待公路), Longdong Road (龙东路), and Longdongge Road (龙东格公路) to reach the park.
• Entrance Fee: 1 RMB
• Opening Hours: Monday to Sunday, open all day
• Location: Tongdu Street (铜都街道), Dongchuan District, Kunming, Yunnan Province (云南省昆明市东川区铜都街道)

In conclusion, Shengou Forest Park in Dongchuan District offers a unique blend of natural beauty and human innovation. The park not only serves as a model for debris flow control but also provides a serene escape for visitors with its lush greenery, stunning waterfalls, and impressive engineering features. Whether for a morning jog or a peaceful retreat, Shengou Forest Park is a must-visit destination.

Overview of Dongchuan Mudslides

Dongchuan, located in Kunming’s Dongchuan District (昆明市东川区), is renowned for its frequent mudslides, also known as debris flows. One of the most notable valleys in this region is Jiang Jiagou (蒋家沟), one of 172 mudslide valleys in the Xiaojiang River (小江) basin, a primary tributary of the Jinsha River (金沙江). Dongchuan is one of the most concentrated mudslide zones in China and the world. These natural phenomena, while destructive, are also visually stunning, often compared to ink-wash paintings in their beauty.

Mudslides in Dongchuan have been developing for thousands of years. Today, the area is home to 113 mudslide valleys, with Jiang Jiagou experiencing the highest frequency and largest scale of activity. This valley’s natural disaster history has earned it the reputation of a “Natural Museum of Mudslides” (泥石流天然博物馆), making it an ideal location for studying the relationship between human survival and the natural environment.

One of the unique phenomena observed in Jiang Jiagou is the “rockfall triggered by sound” (声喊则碎石崩流), where the precariously balanced rocks collapse at the slightest disturbance. Over the past half-century, the riverbed has risen more than 100 meters due to mudslide deposits, making humans standing at the valley bottom appear like grains of sand in a mighty river.

The “Mud Dragon” (泥龙)

Mudslides in Dongchuan are often referred to as “Mud Dragons” (泥龙) due to their destructive and powerful flow. The Xiaojiang region, home to over 100 different types of mudslide valleys, including Jiang Jiagou, is known as a “Natural Museum of Mudslides.” Since 1961, the Dongchuan Mudslide National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station (云南东川泥石流国家野外科学观测研究站), also known as the “Dongchuan Station” (东川站), has conducted long-term studies on these natural disasters. The researchers have developed a comprehensive mudslide disaster mitigation strategy called the “Dongchuan Model” (东川模式), which combines stability, blocking, and drainage measures to reduce the impact of mudslides. This model has laid the foundation for China’s mudslide research.

Entering the “Natural Museum of Mudslides” (走进“泥石流天然博物馆”)

Recently, the world’s largest mountain disaster simulation platform, the “Large-Scale Dynamics Simulation Experiment Platform for Mountain Disasters” (山地灾害大尺度动力学模拟实验平台), was put into operation at the Dongchuan Station. This scientific facility aims to uncover the natural mechanisms behind mudslide eruptions, reduce their harm to human life, and solve engineering problems related to their control. It also enhances China’s research capabilities in the international field of mountain disaster studies.

Key Research and Experimentation

• “Large-Scale Dynamics Simulation Experiment Platform for Mountain Disasters” (山地灾害大尺度动力学模拟实验平台): The platform is designed to simulate and study the dynamics of mountain disasters such as mudslides and landslides, providing valuable data to reduce their impact on human life.
• Zhou Gongdan (周公旦), Deputy Director of the Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Processes (中国科学院山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室), and Zhong Wei (钟卫), Deputy Station Chief and Senior Engineer at Dongchuan Station, adjust equipment in the control room of the simulation platform.
• Song Dongri (宋东日), Station Chief and Researcher at Dongchuan Station, along with Zhong Wei and Wei Li (魏丽), an engineer, inspect the erosion of a sand-blocking dam in the Daqiao River (大桥河) basin.
• Li Xiaoyu (黎晓宇), a senior engineer responsible for maintaining the station’s observation system, and Wei Li, use survey equipment to measure changes in the mudslide channels at Jiang Jiagou.

Exploration and Maintenance

• Research teams, including Li Zhanlu (李战鲁), Deputy Director of the Public Technology Center at the Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment (中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所), and Zhong Wei, use high-density electrical resistivity equipment to study the slope structure and strata of Jiang Jiagou.
• Li Xiaoyu and Wei Li maintain experimental equipment and collect data from Jiang Jiagou, while Zhou Gongdan and Zhong Wei fine-tune the equipment in the control room of the “Large-Scale Dynamics Simulation Experiment Platform.”

Jiang Jiagou: A Vital Research Site

Jiang Jiagou is regarded as a prime location for studying mudslides due to its well-preserved fan-shaped deposits. The natural formation is ideal for scientific research, allowing experts to analyze the intricate dynamics of debris flows. Researchers use advanced geophysical tools, such as high-density electrical resistivity meters, to explore subsurface structures and assess the long-term stability of slopes.

Collaboration and Technological Advances

• Song Dongri, along with engineers like Li Xiaoyu, continues to lead the installation and maintenance of advanced observation equipment, facilitating the accurate monitoring of mudslide activity.
• Researchers reflect on significant historical events, such as the 2007 mudslide that destroyed Observation Building No. 1 (1号观测楼), which serves as a poignant reminder of the destructive power of mudslides.
• Ongoing efforts include Zhong Wei arranging electrodes on the Jiang Jiagou mudslide fan for further geophysical measurements.

Conclusion

The Dongchuan Mudslide Research Station is a beacon of scientific achievement in China. Its advancements, including the establishment of the “Large-Scale Dynamics Simulation Experiment Platform,” represent a significant leap forward in the understanding and mitigation of mountain disasters. Dongchuan’s mudslide valleys, particularly Jiang Jiagou, continue to provide invaluable insights into natural disaster research, contributing to global efforts in disaster prevention and control.

Introduction (简介)

Guniushan Mountain (牯牛山) features steep cliffs and towering peaks often shrouded in clouds. On clear days, its lush greenery is visible from hundreds of miles away. The Qing Dynasty poet Li Wenhan (李文瀚) wrote in his poem “Fortune in the Mountain” (《福在山》):

“去天刚尺五，蜗角有蛮屯。
终岁云埋顶，经时雪压门。
阴阳昏晓割，日月往来吞。
不识危亡地，犹矜遗子孙。”

This poem describes how, at a height of only “five feet” from the sky, there are minority villages inhabited by people who live under the clouds year-round, with heavy snow blocking their doors in winter. The majestic Guniushan stands as a natural barrier, clearly demarcating the weather changes, and it seems to consume the constantly moving sun and moon. For someone who has never been to the mountaintop, they might not realize that minority descendants still reside in such a high and perilous place.

Besides its breathtaking natural scenery, Guniushan is also captivating for its ancient traditions, enchanting legends, and rich folk customs.

The Highest Peak of the Wumeng Mountains (乌蒙山脉最高峰)

Dagu (大牯牛山), with an elevation of 4,017 meters, is the highest peak of the Wumeng Mountains (乌蒙山脉). The foothills lie in the Xiaojiang River Valley (小江河谷), with an altitude of just 695 meters, creating a remarkable relative elevation difference of over 3,300 meters, which is rare. Dagu stands vertically, reaching into the clouds, and very few have reached its summit throughout history.

Natural Resources (自然资源)

Majestic Canyon Landscapes (雄伟壮观的峡谷景观)

Guniushan is characterized by peaks resembling a forest, ridges interspersed like blades, deep canyons, steep cliffs, and an imposing atmosphere. The main peak consists of three interconnected spires of varying heights, creating an awe-inspiring sight that reaches for the sky.

• The First Spire (一尖峰) is the highest of Guniushan. The only way to reach its summit is from the back via the vast grassland. The weather at the peak is unpredictable, with clear skies suddenly turning stormy, bringing thunder, lightning, or hail! In moments, the sky might clear again. Watching the sunrise from the peak fills one with a sense of grandeur and inspiration. Looking south, one can see a vast sea of clouds; looking north reveals the expansive fertile fields stretching to the horizon, creating a breathtaking earthly paradise.
• The Second Spire (二尖峰) and The Third Spire (三尖峰) are surrounded by sheer cliffs, and no one has yet reached their summits. Vines extend thousands of feet down their sheer faces, and the peaks are adorned with lush grasses and vibrant flowers, bursting with spring life. The top of the third spire resembles the fishing platform of Jiang Ziya (姜子牙). In the misty sea below, Ziya, wearing a hat and cloak, fishes from his small boat, while two large carp leap out of the water—one of them snagging the hook. A person approaches from the shore, carrying a basket of fishing grass, followed by a small dog.

On the ridge in front of the third spire lies a massive stone boat, its ends curved like a crescent moon. Locals say it is magical; any animal that boards will be struck by lightning. In the past, many bones were found on the stone boat, sending shivers down the spines of those who saw them.

North of the third spire, a towering stone figure outlines a world filled with magical colors: Tang Seng (唐僧) calling upon Wukong (悟空); a giant dragon soaring, spreading spring rain; a thousand-year-old divine turtle surfacing; and the Eastern Sleeping Lion turning its head fiercely.

Vast Grasslands (万亩草山)

Behind Dagu is a vast expanse of grassland that stretches for thousands of acres. In spring and summer, the grass grows high, the willows fly, sheep scatter like clouds, and streams babble, winding beautifully. The mountains are adorned with colorful flowers. In autumn, the winds and clouds create a constantly changing atmosphere; the sky is clear and high, the grass turns yellow, and the landscape becomes soft like a blanket, refreshing the spirit. In winter, snowflakes drift, and mist envelops the area, resembling a northern wonderland.

A Typical Three-Dimensional Climate Area (典型的立体气候地区)

The complex mountain topography creates a three-dimensional climate in Guniushan, where “one mountain divides four seasons, and every ten miles has different skies.” This results in ever-changing weather patterns and various atmospheric wonders throughout the year.

In the afternoons during winter and spring, if fog rolls in on sunny, calm days, an “Amitabha Buddha Light” appears at the mountain’s peak, said to be encountered only by kind-hearted people. This light follows them as they walk and lingers, illuminating the rocks like gold, dazzling and dreamlike, as if stepping into a fairyland.

In autumn and winter, the clouds and mist swirl, making the peaks appear as if they are playing in the sea of clouds. At sunrise or sunset, the scenery is splendid, and one might feel the grandeur of “overlooking all mountains” and the ambition of “reaching for the stars.”

An Ancient Natural Animal and Plant Garden (古老的天然动物植物园)

Guniushan serves as a large, ancient natural garden, rich in biodiversity. The mountain is teeming with flowers and herbs, with vines draping even over rocks.

The numerous wildflowers are a prominent feature of Guniushan, with hundreds of species competing in color and beauty. Butterflies flutter amidst the flowers, filling the air with fragrance, creating a dreamlike scene! The wild lilies sway gracefully in the breeze, each stalk bearing five or six stunning red blossoms. The most famous is the vast rhododendron forest (万亩杜鹃) below Dagu, known for its diverse varieties and expansive area. When in bloom, the sight of endless rhododendrons stretches for ten miles, bursting with color, while larger rhododendrons create a lush backdrop of red, yellow, white, and blue flowers that complement each other beautifully.

On Guniushan, flowers are medicinal, and medicine can be floral. Angelica dahurica (白芷) is a precious traditional Chinese medicine that grows on cliffs, with large blossoms resembling umbrellas falling down the cliffs. The mountain’s rose flower is a rare gem among flowers, possessing high ornamental and medicinal value. Local herbalists claim that there are hundreds of medicinal herbs on Guniushan, including dozens of precious varieties like: Coptis chinensis (黄莲), rock flower (岩花), Artemisia annua (一枝蒿), toad lily (独角莲), snow tea (雪茶), and Fritillaria (贝母).

The rock sheep (岩羊) are the dominant animals on Guniushan. They often move alone or in small groups and seem to walk effortlessly along the steep rock faces.

The First Icefall of the Red Soil Plateau (红土高原第一冰瀑)

The icefall is a unique sight on Guniushan. Each winter, a giant icefall forms in the northern canyon, stretching over a thousand meters long and a hundred meters wide. This icefall sparkles brilliantly, radiating a chilling aura, and lasts for four to five months until the summer when it melts, earning the title of the first icefall of the Red Soil Plateau.

Cultural Resources (人文资源)

WWII Crash Site (二战期间美机坠毁地)

Numerous legends surround Guniushan, with the stories of the Immortal Cave (仙人洞) and the Crash Pavilion (坠机亭) being the most widely known and influential.

Immortal Cave (仙人洞) is a karst cave located on a 3,000-meter high cliff. The stalactite formations inside are breathtaking and crafted by nature. In the main hall, nine stone dragons converge, flowing with sweet and cool stone water, referred to by locals as “holy water.” To the left side of the hall is a kitchen, equipped with stone tables, bowls, and stools. The right side features a celestial platform containing stone Guanyin (石观音), stone Buddha statues, and stone incense burners. The hall also has a rhino pool where mysterious cow hoof prints and bones often appear; the hoof prints mysteriously reappear after being smoothed out. Locals say that an immortal once lived in the cave, gathering herbs to treat local illnesses. In the late 1960s, the immortal claimed to have achieved enlightenment and jumped off the cliff from the cave entrance. Today, only the immortal’s crumbling grave remains.

Crash Pavilion (坠机亭) is located on Xiaoguniushan (小牯牛山). According to locals, in early 1944, an American aircraft transporting munitions crashed into Guniushan due to dense fog obscuring the flight path. When locals arrived at the crash site the next morning, no one survived; only wreckage and artillery shells remained. Due to the difficulty of transporting them down, they were pushed over the cliff for protection. Research confirms that the crashed plane was a large transport aircraft from the China-US Hump route, established during the war at the cost of many lives. Guniushan bears witness to this historical event.

There is also a Stone Forest (石林) on the mountain, a large rock formation comprising a cluster of irregularly shaped stone pillars resembling trees.

Travel Tips (旅游攻略)

• Transportation: Travel by car is recommended. From Kunming, take the G56 Hunan-Guizhou Expressway to Dongchuan, and then switch to provincial roads leading to Guniushan. The trip takes about 4 hours.
• Entrance Fee: Currently, the entrance fee is 80 RMB per person, which includes a tourist bus to various scenic spots.
• Accommodations: There are several guesthouses and hotels near Guniushan. However, booking in advance is advised, especially during peak tourist seasons.
• Best Time to Visit: The best times to visit Guniushan are spring and autumn when the climate is pleasant, and the scenery is stunning.

Plan your Kunming Ethnic Villages Tour to Kunming? Visit Wangjiaqing Village of Tongdu Subdistrict in Dongchuan District, Kunming which is one of the most fascinating ethnic villages in Kunming. Explore the local folk ethnic culture including History, Food and Dining, Clothing, Customs and Traditions, Architecture, Festivals, Crafts, Religion, Language of local ethnic people in Wangjiaqing Village of Tongdu Subdistrict in Dongchuan District, Kunming.

Chinese Name: 昆明市东川区铜都街道办事处箐口村委会汪家箐村
English Name: Wangjiaqing Village of Tongdu Subdistrict in Dongchuan District, Kunming

Dongchuan Red Land Travel Guide

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