Jinma Village and Relic of The Ancient Tea Horse Road(鲁史镇金马村茶马古道) is located in Lushi Town in Fengqing, Lincang.

The ancient post road from Shunning(顺宁) to Xiaguan (下关) was opened in the fifth year of the Yuan Dynasty Emperor Chengzong’s reign (1302/元成宗大德五年), nearly 700 years ago. In 1954, with the opening of the Xianglin (Xiangyun to Lincang/祥临) Highway, the “Shunxia Line” of the Ancient Tea Horse Road gradually became less frequented. Especially in the early 1970s, with the opening of the road from Fengqing(凤庆) to Lushi(鲁史), the section of the “Shunxia Line(顺下线)” from Fengqing to Lushi’s Rhino Crossing(Xiniudu/犀牛渡) became even quieter, gradually fading from people’s sight.

01 Xincun Street(新村街), where only stories remain.

In the lunar calendar on the fourteenth day of the eighth month in 1639, Xu Xiake (徐霞客) lodged at the Mei family’s home in Gaojiancao(高枧槽), and the next day crossed the Lancang River from a place called Biandu(扁渡) and arrived at Lushi. After the completion of the Qinglong Bridge in 1761, the direction of the “Shunxia Line(顺下线)” of the Ancient Tea Horse Road also shifted for crossing the river. Instead of crossing the river by bamboo raft at Biandu, it changed to cross over the Qinglong Bridge in the direction of Xincun Street(新村街). As an important stop before crossing the river, Xincun Street naturally formed a bustling market. The caravans entering the city passed through Heishan Gate(黑山门), Qinglong Bridge(青龙桥), and Jiufang (酒坊), and Xincun Street was the only place for food and accommodation; similarly, the caravans leaving the city could only eat and stay here.

In 1984, when I started working, although the roads were already built, they were in such poor condition that there were no vehicles available for transportation. I had to carry my luggage and set off from my hometown, Shili(诗礼). On the first night, I stayed at the guesthouse of the Supply and Marketing Cooperative in Xincun Street(新村街供销合作社). I had a meal of rough rice for 25 cents, accompanied by a bowl of onion soup, and then settled in under the dim electric lights. In just thirty years, Xincun Street has undergone significant changes. The location of the Blacksmith Shop(Tiejiangpu/铁匠铺) is now occupied by two walnut trees, and wild grasses grow around the Water Mill(Shuimofang/水磨坊). A three-story Western-style building now stands where the guesthouse used to be, serving as a landmark of Xincun Street. Only two small shops are still in business on the street, one selling agricultural supplies and the other selling general merchandise. The new Western-style houses along the street all have spacious storefronts, but most of them are vacant. I was surprised to find that the old horse inn in Xincun Street was still there, seemingly hiding because a three-story reinforced concrete building had been erected in front of it.

Traditional Houses in Xinjiecun Village

I lightly knocked on the slightly ajar door of the old horse inn, but there was no response. A middle-aged woman who was guarding the shop nearby came over and said I could go in; it was her niece’s house. The lattice window, covered with newspapers, and the old walls adorned with posters remained unchanged. The only difference was that the water was no longer drawn from the wooden well trough; instead, there were a few small fish in the stone water tank below the faucet. The large stove had been dismantled, and the rice cooking in the electric rice cooker emitted a fragrant aroma. Upstairs was where guests used to stay, but now it was piled with newly harvested grains. Hanging on the smoke-stained old wall were strings of bright red peppers.

The elderly residents who stayed behind in Xincun Street

Li Zhenmin, who served as the accountant for the production brigade for half of his life, told me that Xincun Street has three small groups, which were formerly known as production cooperatives. Out of the 120 households of farmers, now only fewer than 30 remain. Due to the construction of the power station and relocation, this ancient relay station now mostly consists of empty houses. His family belongs to one of Jiezi Shangdui Village (街子上队) and was not included in the relocation plan, so they can still stay in their old house. Li Zhenmin remembers that before 1972, Xincun Street was bustling with activity, but after 1972, with the opening of Daheshi Street, Xincun Street was no longer bustling. People all flocked to Daheshi Street(大河街) because it was much more convenient for transportation. Up to now, although there is a road connecting Xincun Street to the county town, it is very narrow, unable to accommodate two cars passing each other, let alone withstand heavy rain. Therefore, people here still face considerable difficulties in traveling. However, it is this road that traces the remnants of the ancient Tea Horse Road, which makes me both nostalgic and melancholic about Xincun Street.

The storefront of the old supply and marketing cooperative in Xincun Street (新村街老供销社) on the Ancient Tea Horse Road

Mr. Fan, born in 1926, is the oldest person I interviewed. He provided reliable insights into the rise and fall of the Ancient Tea Horse Road. While he often reminisced about the changes brought by the caravans to Xincun Street in the past, he was deeply touched by how the once bustling street became deserted in later years.

Even before liberation, Xincun Street was already lively, with specialized shops selling food and daily necessities. During the collective era, apart from the lodging and sales shops opened by the supply and marketing cooperative of Dasi Township, private accommodations were also available in Xincun Street. When it comes to the caravans, Mr. Fan seemed somewhat excited, as it was a nostalgic topic for him after so many years. In fact, people near the relay stations enjoyed interacting with the caravans. It was an opportunity to sell grains and fodder and to purchase scarce goods like fabrics.

The elderly residents of Xincun Street on the Ancient Tea Horse Road

The tea customs brought by the Ancient Tea Horse Road to Xincun still endure today. For instance, when an elder brews tea for me, they always pass the teapot down from a higher position, and I receive it with both hands as a sign of respect. I asked if they also brew tea this way in their daily lives, and the elder mentioned that tea canisters are rarely used now, but the tradition of inviting guests for tea remains common. A more convenient method is to brew a pot and pour it out for drinking.

02 “Jinma Village（金马村）: The Ancient Road Isn’t Lonely”

Jinma Village(金马村) is located in Lushi Town, Fengqing County(凤庆县鲁史镇), situated to the south of the town government office, approximately 24 kilometers away. While the road leading to the town is paved, making transportation convenient, it hasn’t changed the fact that Jinma remains somewhat isolated, as the road ends here. Jinma(金马村) is an important relay station along the Ancient Tea Horse Road, with distances of over 30 kilometers to both Lushi and Xin Cun Jie. It serves as a crucial stopover for caravans, hence the saying “no village ahead and no inn behind,” precisely describing Jinma’s strategic location. Therefore, whether it’s caravans heading north or travelers coming from the south, they all must choose to stay overnight in Jinma.

金马街一角/Street of Jinma Street

Time has aged, flowers have withered, and when I visited, I encountered a little cat playing with the weeds. Without butterflies, the little cat must have had endless yearnings, thus engaging in anthropomorphic games with a tuft of grass. Along the Ancient Tea Horse Road, besides being engulfed by declining vegetation, there were also mountain torrents devouring it. Similar to Xin Cun Jie, the Ancient Tea Horse Road here has vanished without a trace.

Ancient Countyard in Lushi Old Town

When I picked up the thread of the Ancient Tea Horse Road again, I couldn’t help but wonder if this was the path once traveled by Yunnan red tea, along with delicate silk and rough cloth tributes. Fortunately, there are still some people who remain steadfast, which prevents Jinma from appearing too desolate. The lifestyle brought by the caravans is gone, yet they haven’t lingered in the same spot. The elderly stay behind to tend the fields, while the younger generation goes out to work for wages. The guesthouse and trading post in the Jinma Ji community(金马基社) were sold to Old Mr Li for a one-time payment of 28,000 yuan. Luckily, Old Mr Li(老李) didn’t demolish these old houses for reconstruction.

金马街的老旅社/The old inn in Jinma Street

Walking up the creaky wooden stairs, I was greeted by some revolutionary slogans on the old wall. Inside the inn, there were still the wooden beds from yesteryears, with three beds in one room. The standard room back then looked just like this, with mosquito nets hanging down, stirring up dust with the slightest touch, and the brown blankets still intact, although worn out like copper wires. On the shelves of the sales store, the unsold Kagib cloth from years past was still there. Two oil lamps hung in the corner, covered in dust, and the abacus beads, now dull, still gleamed with an oily sheen. Old Li (老李) led me around, already an eighty-five-year-old man, lamenting how all the children had gone to work and he couldn’t afford to renovate the old house. Ironically, I felt a sense of joy knowing that because it hadn’t been renovated, I could glimpse the old times of the inn where I once stayed.

金马街的老旅社/The old inn in Jinma Street

Many households have hosted caravans, as the lodging capacity of the cooperative’s inn was limited. Thus, from one end of the street to the other, there are traces of the Resting Horse Manor, even though these stables have been repurposed. Sometimes, the Tea Horse Ancient Road can be sensed purely through its aroma. And for Old Li, who was able to purchase the cooperative’s inn(供销社旅店) for over twenty thousand yuan, his personal experience represents the intersection of generations of Jinma people(金马人) with the Tea Horse Ancient Road.

金马街上的老卫生室/The old health clinic on Jinma Street

The ancient Tea-Horse Road from Fengqing to Xiaguan passes through villages, where caravans would stay overnight in Yin Family(殷氏人家). Every day, caravans passing through the village would create a magnificent sight, drawing villagers to stop and watch, including the young Li from his childhood. His daily tasks involved carrying a dustpan to collect horse dung, helping his mother cut grass on the mountain, and fetching water from a distant well for the horse shop. Whenever they heard the bells of the caravans, the children in the village would gather to watch the spectacle, their eyes following the caravans as they approached the village and then bidding them farewell as they disappeared into the distant mountain roads. However, with the advent of roads, the once glorious era of Jinma has been pushed aside.

金马街上的老卫生室/The old health clinic on Jinma Street

In this era of entertainment for all, Jinma(金马村) is no exception when it comes to singing and dancing. Ji Bingkang(纪丙康), one of the leaders of the village committee and also in charge of the Jinma Cultural Propaganda Team(金马文艺宣传队), told me during the interview that they were rehearsing a program promoting the ideology of the 19th National Congress(十九大思想) and planning to tour neighboring villages to perform. As I glanced through their program list, I noticed that a significant portion of it focused on the content related to the ancient Tea-Horse Road. As times progress, while the Tea-Horse Road has become history, there’s no need to dwell on the past. Instead, it’s time to take action and steadily advance on the path to poverty alleviation and prosperity.

03 Tangfang Village(塘房村): Ancient Tea-Horse Road Well Preserved

Tangfang Village(塘房村) may not be considered a formal relay station, but it serves as a significant resting point along the ancient Tea-Horse Road. Situated along the route, Tangfang Village has been deeply influenced by the presence of the Tea-Horse Road, which is integral to the village’s livelihood.

With 26 households in the village, many have provided services to the caravans passing through. While the caravans may not have stayed overnight in the village, they often stopped here to rest their horses and take a break before continuing their journey along the road.

Tangfang Village offers picturesque views from afar

From Fengqing to Xiniu Ferry(犀牛渡口), the only place where you can still see rusty horseshoes, heavily worn hitching posts, and unused pack saddles is Tangfang. Although the caravans only pass through, the savvy people of Tangfang always find business opportunities with them. Apart from selling fodder and providing tea services, they also organize local products to sell to the caravans, exchanging for necessities. In fact, these local products greatly help the people of Tangfang. When the caravans arrive, items like chicken mushrooms, wood ear fungus, tree blossoms, and medicinal herbs are in season. The caravan leaders, equally shrewd, often add these items to their pack saddles to earn extra income without reporting to their bosses. Even now, from Jingmenkou to Tangfang, about 4 kilometers of the ancient Tea-Horse Road remains well-preserved. As it was laid with stones, even wild grasses cannot erase the traces along this route. Instead, with time, the road exhibits more of its ancient glory.

茶马古道上的塘房村/Tangfang Village on the Ancient Tea-Horse Road

Stone is everything to the people of Tangfang. Stone houses are built with stone strips or blocks for walls, which can reach heights of 5 to 6 meters; stone slabs are used for roofing, impervious to wind and rain. Except for timber beams and rafters, everything else is made of stone. Although simple and plain, these houses are as sturdy as a fortress. These houses provide warmth in winter, coolness in summer, and are resistant to moisture and fire. Many men in Tangfang have the skill to stack small, irregular stones into straight walls. Larger stones are used for flooring, assembling water tanks, and crafting feed troughs for livestock. Stone tables, benches, basins, and grinding mills reflect the primitive and rustic indigenous cultural characteristics.

茶马古道上的塘房村/Tangfang Village on the Ancient Tea-Horse Road

Nowadays, tea has become the primary cash crop in Tangfang Village, and this can be attributed to the long historical influence of the Tea Horse Ancient Road. It is said that a merchant from Dali, in gratitude to a family in Tangfang, promised to buy tea from them at a high price regardless of the quantity they produced. Additionally, a caravan leader from Shunning, aiming to provide a means for the impoverished villagers of Tangfang, would bring tea seeds to the village whenever passing through, giving them hope for the future. Today, those tea seeds have grown into ancient tea gardens, enriching the lives of the people in Tangfang.

茶马古道上的塘房村/Tangfang Village on the Ancient Tea-Horse Road

Tangfang Village is one of the top ten characteristic villages in Fengqing County. The local party committee and government have conducted in-depth research multiple times and proposed an overall renovation plan. Firstly, they aim to preserve the architectural style of the village’s residential buildings, unify the appearance of residential buildings, and carry out partial renovations, highlighting the village’s distinctive use of “stone” as a feature. Secondly, they plan to rationalize the distribution of functions within courtyards, separate human and livestock areas, renovate toilets, and enhance courtyard greening. Thirdly, efforts will be made to strengthen the protection of the ancient road, restore damaged sections, and renovate access roads according to the characteristics of the ancient road. It is believed that in the near future, the gradually rising tourism interest will bring new income opportunities to the villagers here.

茶马古道上的塘房村/Tangfang Village on the Ancient Tea-Horse Road

塘房保留完好的茶马古道/The well-preserved section of the ancient Tea Horse Road in Tangfang Village

04 Alusi (阿鲁司), the former name of Lushi(鲁史)

“鲁史”，originally named “阿鲁司” or “阿禄司,” originates from the Yi language, meaning “small town.” According to the “Shunning County Annals(《顺宁县志》),” since ancient times, Lu’shi has been a vital route from Shunning (Fengqing/The former name of Fengqing/顺宁) to Menghua (Weishan/蒙化, named 巍山 now), Xiaguan, and Kunming, serving as a crucial passage for the Tea Horse Ancient Road that traverses its territory from north to south. Starting from Lu’shi, the southern route leads to Jinma, Songlintang(松林塘), Qinglong Bridge(青龙桥), Xin Cun(新村), all the way to the county seat, and further south to Lincang, Simao(思茅/Named Puer today), Xishuangbanna, and extending to Southeast Asian countries. The northern route passes through Xiniu(犀牛渡), exits the county, proceeds through Weishan and Dali to the provincial capital, extends east to Lijiang and Tibet, and continues north to India and other countries.

Lushi Old Town

It could be said that due to the formidable nature of the Lancang River, the advancement of Central Plains culture(中原文化) southward slowed down at Lu’shi, which ironically contributed to the development of Lu’shi(鲁史古镇). The ancient town of Lu’shi was established in the 26th year of the Ming Wanli era (1598/明万历), coinciding with the establishment of an inspectorate (巡检司) by the Ming Dynasty. This inspectorate, subordinate to Shunning Prefecture(顺宁府), served as the administrative authority for the northern region of the river(江北地区). With many passing merchants who had to rest and stay in Lu’shi, gradually a street scene formed. Lu’shi’s development eventually resulted in the basic layout of three streets, seven lanes, and one square(三街七巷一广场). In 1639, at the age of 54, Xu Xiake entered Fengqing from Xiqian(习谦) on the fifth day of the eighth lunar month and departed from Gaojiancao(高简槽) on the fifteenth day, arriving in Lu’shi in the afternoon. It is said that Xu Xiake stayed at the Ding family’s (丁家) residence, which has undergone several renovations and still exists today, but when inquiring about the owner, one can only provide a general answer based on historical records.

史古镇古老的楼梯街/The ancient stairway street of Lu’shi Town

Turning the pages of Xu Xiake’s “(徐霞客) Travel Diary in Yunnan《滇日游记》”, one reunites with Lu’shi in the year 1639. Despite Xu Xiake’s economical use of words, he dedicates a considerable length to recording his encounter with Lu’shi. “Three li ahead, we ascended a hill and saw a hundred households nestled against it, known as Alu’si(阿鲁司, The former name of Lushi). The land here bends westward, with the northern mountains curving southward, and a hill jutting out from the middle. Alu’si is situated atop this protrusion. To the west, distant mountains rise one after another, extending from north to south, including the ridges of Wansong and Tianjing, flanking the southern stretch of the Lancang River. To the north, the landscape is rugged and mountainous, with one peak standing out prominently. Inquiring with the locals, I learned it is called Mengbu Peak. Alongside it lies a temple, and that is where the main road passes through. I rested here, boiling water twice for a meal, awaiting the arrival of the camel caravan. As the afternoon progressed and no water or grass was to be found ahead, we stopped and lodged for the night. It happened to be the Mid-Autumn Festival, and I had brought along a round cake, purchased from Shunning, as a lunar viewing treat. However, the moon was obscured by clouds, and I ended up sleeping.” (“三里，蹑冈头，有百家倚冈而居，是为阿禄司。其地则西溪北转，南山东环，有冈中突而垂其北，司踞其突处。其西面遥山崇列，自北南纡，即万松、天井南下之脊，挟澜沧江而南者；其北面乱山杂沓，中有一峰特出，询之土人，即猛补者后山，其侧有寺，而大路之所从者。余识之，再瀹汤而饭，以待驼骑。下午乃至，以前无水草，遂止而宿。是夜为中秋，余先从顺宁买胡饼即烧饼一圆，怀之为看月具，而月为云掩，竟卧。”From Xu Xiake’s “(徐霞客) Travel Diary in Yunnan《滇日游记》)

Chafang Temple (茶房寺) is located behind the “Shunxià Line(顺下线)” segment of the Ancient Tea Horse Road in Mengpuzhe(蜢璞者段).

With the completion of the Qinglong Bridge over the Lancang River, trade and travel flourished, attracting merchants from other regions to establish businesses in Lushi. Recognizing the opportunities here, establishments like the Sichuan-Guizhou Guild Hall((川黔会馆)), the Western Sichuan Guild Hall(西蜀会馆), and the Dianxi Guild Hall (滇西会馆) emerged. Businesses such as Hu Qingxiang Silk(胡庆祥绸缎), Hu Zechun General Store(胡泽春百货), Liu’s Restaurant(刘记餐馆), Zhao’s Gold Shop(赵记金行), and the Jun Chang Tea Company(俊昌号茶叶) thrived. Particularly noteworthy was the Jun Chang Tea Company, where the owner, Luo Yingcai(骆英才), engaged in both sales and production. The earliest tea plantation in Lushi was financed and developed by Luo Yingcai, which still exists today, although the old tea trees have been replaced due to the policy of Tea Cutting(“低改高”).

In Lushi, more people haven’t planted a single tea tree but have been engaged in tea production for a long time. It can be said that tea has sustained Lushi. Every spring when the tea is on the market, diligent people from Lushi venture deep into the tea mountains to pick fresh leaves, which they then take home to process. During those times, the tea leaves had to be hand-rolled on the same day they were harvested; leaves couldn’t be left overnight, making the tea-making process quite arduous. However, it is these tea-making families that have preserved a rich local tea culture. Even today, almost every household has a small clay pot for brewing tea. Whether it’s San Dao Tea or Bai Dou Tea, whether tea is used as medicine or for enjoyment, every family has its own tea recipe. Some families have taken their tea business directly to Xiaguan in Weishan County. As they expanded, a piece of tea leaf left Lushi and grew into an enterprise. However, many more people remain steadfast in the ancient town. They cherish the life surrounded by the aroma of tea, believing this is the life they should lead.

For more than 3,000 years, the ancient tea trees of Fengqing attract batches of foreign visitors every year.

With significant developments in commerce and handicrafts, Lushi has become a major town along the ancient Tea-Horse Road in western Yunnan. In the 1950s and 60s, Lushi boasted over 1,000 horses in its caravans and operated numerous horse shops equipped with veterinarians, establishing itself as a hub for local transportation. In the early 1970s, the road from Fengqing County to Lushi was paved, marking the gradual decline of this ancient road’s former glory. However, as a historic town on the Tea-Horse Road, Lushi continues to play a vital role in the development of tourism in Fengqing.

05

Xiniu Ferry, the Caravan Gone

The Black Hui River still flows, but the bustling caravans of Xiniu Ferry have vanished forever. The young girl who used to fetch water and take care of the blind old man finally married a kind-hearted caravan leader and now lives a happy life. As for Wang Shunjia, who engaged in robbery and murder, he was swept away in one night by the sudden rise of the river.

The story is told by an old man who lazily fans himself with a palm leaf fan, recounting it like a legendary tale. He sighed and said, “After Xiaowan Power Station was built to generate electricity, Xiniu Ferry disappeared completely. I had to move to a distant place, and I couldn’t help but feel a bit reluctant!”

After the completion of Xiaowan Power Station, Xiniu Ancient Ferry still stands, but the prosperous scenery of the past is no longer found.

The backwater of the Xiaowan dam slowly rises, and the Wangan Building of Xiniu Ferry still stands on the hilltop, becoming a place for people to visit and rest. However, due to the rising water level, the powerful rush of the Black Hui River is no longer visible. The Wangan Building was once the schoolhouse of Xiniu Primary School, nurturing many students. Later, due to the rising river water, Xiniu Primary School relocated to a hillside farther from the river.

The Wangjiang Building(望江楼) of Xiniu Ancient Ferry

Xiniu Ferry is also a bustling market. According to local historical records, it was first established in the early Ming Dynasty. Almost as soon as the ferry was established, a street emerged, which extended all the way to the backwater of Xiaowan Power Station. Xiniu Street, less than 500 meters long, is crowded with traders from the three northern towns of Fengqing Jiangbei and patriotic towns in Weishan. Sellers say it’s easy to do business on this street, while buyers say the items sold on this street are of good quality. My hometown is more than 20 kilometers away from Xiniu Ferry. After graduating from high school, I learned to catch the first street is Xiniu Street.

After the XiaoWan Station was completed, the Rhino Office became deserted.

Xu Xiake originally intended to rest for a few days at the Rhino Ferry during his journey from Lushi to Xiniu, planning to visit the renowned Wang Shunjia(望顺江王). However, Wang Shunjia kept two fierce dogs, and he had a frequent need to urinate at night, which made Xu Xiake, a knowledgeable traveler, feel it was inconvenient to stay. At dusk, reluctantly, he had the boatman ferry him across the river. Upon arriving at the Tea Room Temple, Xu Xiake felt exhausted and unable to continue, so he decided to stay temporarily in the temple.

Standing on the corridor of the Tea Room Temple, Xu Xiake could see the splendid mansion of Wang Shunjia across the river. However, he must have felt regretful, just like when he was in Lushi, where the Mid-Autumn Festival moon was obscured by thick clouds, or when he drank Taihua tea(太华茶) at Gaojincuo(高枧槽) and forgot the name of his host.

The Rhino Ferry (犀牛渡口), located at the junction of Fengqing County and Weishan County, relies on this iron-clad boat to maintain transportation.

Historically, Rhino Ferry was a vital checkpoint on the Ancient Tea Horse Road. Today, it serves as a crucial conduit for economic exchanges and trade between Dali and Lincang. Locally, it remains a significant symbol of friendly exchanges between the people of these two regions. Every year, people spontaneously gather at the ferry crossing to pay respects, commemorating individuals and events with incense, each carrying stories that can never be fully told.
Source from: https://www.sohu.com/a/729640207_121123807

Dali Ancient Town

Dali Ancient Town is a historic town with rich culture located between Cangshan Mountain and Erhai Lake. Unlike any other Chinese town, the traditional Bai ethnic houses give the town distinctive feel. Travelers can wonder in this leisure town to appreciate the unique ethnic architecture and discover its profound history and culture.

Why is Dali Ancient Town so special?

Dali Ancient Town enjoys both profound history and splendid culture, also unique Bai ethnic culture. History of Dali Ancient Town can be dates back to 1382 during the Ming Dynasty and it has been listed among the top historic cities of China. It is also the important hub of the Tea Horse Caravan Road, enjoying the integration of diverse culture.

1.AAAA Scenic Spot
2.One of the national historical and cultural city
3.Key Cultural Relics Protection Site
4.Main attraction of Dali

Where is Dali Ancient Town?

Dali Ancient Town is located at the north of Xiaguan Town, 13 kilometers away. This ancient city is situated between Cangshan Mountain and Erhai Lake.

Distance from other famous attractions in Dali

1.About 5 kilometers from Erhai Lake
2.About 2.3 kilometers from Three Pagodas of Dali
3.About 1.9 kilometers from Cangshan Mountain
4.About 24.7 kilometers from Shuanglang

How to Get to Dali Ancient Town?

Travelers can use our private car taking to Dali Ancient Town from Dali Airport or Dali Railway Station. If you are independent travelers, you can take bus or go by taxi.

1.By Car

From Dali Airport: It is about 30 km from Dali Airport to Dali Ancient Town. There are airport shuttle running between the airport to Dali Old Town. The drive takes about 40 minutes. If by taxi, it may cost around 80~100 Yuan.

From Dali Railway Station: It is about 26 km from Dali Railway Station to Dali Ancient Town. Travelers can take No.8 bus outside of the railway station to Dali Ancient Town, which takes about 40 minutes. If by taxi, it may cost around 50 Yuan.

2.By Bus

Taking bus No.4, No.8 in Xiaguan about 40 minutes to the Dali Ancient Town, the fare is 2 yuan. People who take bus No.8 can choose to get off at the east gate. In Yuer road there is touring bus passing Wind Flower Snow and Moon Hotel, Guozi Garden, Bluestone Bridge, Yeyu Road, Yuer Park, Boai Crossing and Cangshan Mountain Gate. In addition, visitors can take the minibus to Dali Ancient Town in Jianshe Road and Cultural Road, about 30 minutes to reach the old city. There are three options of transportation of electronic mobile, mountain bike and walk for tourists in Dali Ancient Town.

3.By Bicycle

Dali Ancient City Yuer Road (Dali Lanlin Pavilion Hotel)—Cangshan Mountain West Gate—214 National Road—Chongsheng Three Pagodas—Erhai Ring Road—Xizhou (Xizhou Mango Cabin Inn) —Shuanglang.

Dali Ancient City Yuer Road (Dali Lanlin Pavilion Hotel)—Cangshan Mountain East Gate—Dali Road—Caicun Village MTB Theme Inn—Erhai Ring Road—Xizhou (Xizhou Mango Cabin Inn)—Shuanglang.

Useful Travel Tips

1.Best Time to Visit Dali Ancient Town

A lot of festivals and events of Bai nationality focused on March to April each year, travel at this time you will feel rich ethnic customs. And there is a song: “March in Dali has good scenery”, so in the spring, it is suitable whether it is traveling to Dali, or climbing Canshang Mountain, visiting Erhai Lake.

2. What to Pack
Dali belongs to the low altitude plateau monsoon climate and ultraviolet ray is strong. Travelers should bring usual clothes and necessities as well as sunscreen cream and sunglasses to protect yourselves.

3. Dali Ancient Town Tourist Center
The Tourist Center is located close to the South Gate of Dali Ancient Town. Travelers can buy tickets and take sightseeing bus from Dali Ancient Town to Three Pagodas of Dali, Tianlongbabu Film Studio, Cangshan Mountain, Zhang Family’s Garden, Erhai Lake, Nanzhao Folk Island, Shuanglang, Dali Railway Station and Dali Airport, etc.

From Dali Old Town To	Departure Time	Return Time
Three Pagodas of Dali	08:30~16:30	09:30~17:30
Tianlongbabu Film Studio	08:30~16:30	09:30~17:30
Cangshan Mountain Ximatan Cable Car	08:30~14:00	09:30~17:30
Cangshan Mountain Tonggan Cable Car	08:30~15:30	10:00~17:30
Erhai Lake Cruise at Longkan Pier	09:00, 09:30, 10:00, 13:30	12:30, 15:50
Zhang Family’s Garden	09:30~16:30	10:30~17:30
Shuanglang	09:30~17:30	09:30~17:30
Dali Airport	based on the actual flight schedule	07:00, 08:30, 10:00, 11:30, 13:00, 15:00
Dali Railway Station	based on the actual train schedule	07:00, 08:30, 10:00, 11:30, 13:00, 15:00

Please note: all the sightseeing bus service time may adjust according to travelers practical needs. Please inquiry for the exact time when buy the tickets at the tourist center or offices.

4. Accommodation
You never need to worry about your stay in Dali Ancient Town. There are hotels and hostels ranging from luxury 5 star (Dali Regent Hotel recommended, located close to the East Gate), comfortable 4 star (Dali Landscape Hotel recommended, located close to Foreigner Street in the center of Dali Ancient Town) to budget hostels.

5. Local Snacks
Travelers can taste the local snacks and food such as Rushan (Dairy Fans), Er Kuai (rice-based dish), Xizhou Baba, Sand Pot Fish, Sour and Spicy Fish, Eight Bowls of Bai People, etc.

The Ancient Tea Horse Road was a network of trade routes stretching across Yunnan, Sichuan, Tibet, and beyond, used primarily for transporting tea and other goods between China and Tibet. Here’s an overview of the route and some key points:

1. Route: The Ancient Tea Horse Road had several branches, but the main route started from southern Yunnan, passed through Pu’er (Simao), Dali, Lijiang, Shangri-La (Zhongdian), and then into Tibet. From there, it extended into India, Bhutan, and Nepal.
2. Pu’er to Dali: This section of the road passes through Pu’er (Simao), known for its tea production, and leads to Dali, where traders would gather tea for transport.
3. Dali to Lijiang: From Dali, the road continues northward through the beautiful landscapes of Erhai Lake and the Cangshan Mountains to Lijiang, a key trading hub and cultural center.
4. Lijiang to Shangri-La: Continuing northwest from Lijiang, the road heads towards Shangri-La (Zhongdian), passing through mountainous terrain and high-altitude plateaus.
5. Historical Sites: Along the Ancient Tea Horse Road, you can find ancient caravan inns (called “caravanserais”), stone bridges, and sections of the original cobblestone road that once facilitated trade between ethnic groups and cultures.
6. Cultural Significance: The route not only facilitated trade but also cultural exchange between Han Chinese, Tibetan, Bai, Naxi, and other ethnic groups. It played a crucial role in the spread of Buddhism and other cultural practices across the region.

To find detailed maps or specific routes for hiking or travel purposes, I recommend checking with local tourist offices in Yunnan or using online resources that specialize in historical routes and trails. These sources often provide detailed maps, historical information, and current conditions for travelers interested in exploring the Ancient Tea Horse Road.

Xizhou Ancient Town

Xizhou Ancient Town is a famous cultural town, enjoying the history of more than one thousand years. It was the center of west bank of Erhai Lake in terms of culture, politic and economy in the past. The elegant ancient town is like a architecture museum, covering typical Bai’ s residence houses of different dynasties. Xizhou is going to show you the Bai minority cultural, the local people’s daily life and natural beauty.

Why is Xizhou Ancient Town so special?

Walking along the slate road, sauntering though the winding alleys, visitors can have a good look at the delicate and intricate designs on the walls. 

The houses of local residents are characterized by a traditional Chinese rectangular courtyard with a screen wall facing the gate. On the screen wall there are usually four Chinese characters, reading ‘Qingbai Shijia’ (innocent family) or ‘Ziqi Donglai’ (Auspicious air comes from the East). Around them are landscape paintings and decorations with profusion of colors. The doors and windows are full of grills with auspicious paintings. In Xizhou, visitors also have the opportunity to appreciate the genuine tea ceremony of the Bai minority. Sandao Tea is a must-drink. It consists of bitter tea, sweet tea and aftertaste tea, indicating the whole life of the people.

Where is Xizhou Ancient Town?

Xizhou is located 20 km north of Dali old town and about 35 km from Dali new city, Xiaguan. It is located on a fertile plateau between the Mt. Cangshan range to the west and Erhai Lake to the east at an elevation of 2000 meters.

Distance from other attractions:

About 19 km from Cangshan Mountain.

About 6.9 km from Butterfly Spring.

About 16.3 km from Three Pagodas.

How to Get to Xizhou Ancient Town?

Taking midi bus from ancient city or Xiaguan to Xizhou, people can hail the bus along the Yunnan-Tibet Highway. From Xiaguan to Xizhou, there are 30 minutes. Xizhou is a short bus ride from Dali’s old town, accessible by buses from both the 214 highway and the Dali-Lijiang road (大丽路). Xizhou is small enough to walk through its entirety in a few minutes, but horse carts and bicycles are a popular mode of transportation. People can turn back in a day, but also can stay overnight in Xizhou and take part in the local evening party. And people can pay visit to Butterfly Spring and Zhoucheng city around.

History

Xizhou is an old town of long history. Early in Han Dynasty, it belonged to Yuyu county. In Nanzhao period, it had been a onetime capital, also named “Da Li city” or “Shi City ”. Xizhou also has a long history in business, according to the “Documentation of Dali County” in the early years of the Republic of China: “as for commercial mind, Xizhou people are the best”. Along more than one thousand years of the historical river, Xizhou businessmen had even left their tracks in southeast Asia areas like “Xunchuan” and “Luoguo”.

During Guangxu years of Qing Dynasty, the internationally famous “Xizhou Trade Caravan ” was established. There were more than 300 business groups, firms and commercial ports in many places around the world, for example, early in 1920s, the four great commercial families including Yong Changxiang, Xi Qingxiang, Hong Xingyuan and Fu Chunhe had already established businesses in Shanghai and Hongkong. Therfore, Xizhou has a title of “Minor Shanghai”.

Since Sui Dynasty, there had been thousands of scholars with official title. It was said by local people that “we have more than eighty second-grade successful candidates in the highest imperial examination, and numerous scholars at provincial and local levels”. 

Traditional Residences of Bai people in Xizhou:

Xizhou was once a commercial center of Yunnan, and the birthplace of Bai’s modern entrepreneurs. It is said that more than 140 wealthy families built their houses here, including the Yan’s, the Yang’s, the Dong’s and the Zhao’s. These houses are characterized by ‘three rooms and a wall screening’ and ‘four joints and five courtyards’. ‘Three rooms and a wall screening’ refers that every house boasts a major room flanked by two wing-rooms, and facing the middle room erects a wall screening for the house privacy. ‘4 joints and 5 courtyards’ means the houses have a central courtyard with rooms in all directions; other smaller four courtyards join the central one from four sides to make five courtyards.

Traditional Residences of Bai popple in Xizhou Old Town pay much attention to the decorations of screens, doors, windows, walls, flower terrace, arches over gateways. The center of the screen is often inscribed with four characters, or embedded with a marble. Doors and windows are mostly made of rare wood and carved with auspicious designs. Walls are painted with white lime and decorated with wash drawings. Arches over gateways with upturned eaves are exquisitely carved with great care and precision.

Even today in Xizhou Old Town, among the traditional Bai people’s residences with blue tiles and white walls, you can still find those of Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty and Republic of China period. There are, in total, 15510 Bai residences, among which 151 are century-old relics. These residences have well revealed Bai people’s social history, politics, economy, culture and art. Xizhou, a place of green mountains, clear waters, gentle wind and bright moon, is a true museum of Bai society.

Main Attractions

1.Seven Feet Study Building （七尺书楼）
Seven Feet Study Building is located in Xizhou Ancient Town Dajie Lane No.8, Dali Yunnan, where was a famous literati Yang Shiyun in Ming dynasty established around 1526 AD. The building is civil engineering structure, there are three big rooms. The rooms face to the east, all three are divided into two floors of upstairs and downstairs, doors and windows are carved with elegant design. Wealthier homes will often designate one wall to be a reflecting wall while the other three serve as living spaces (三坊一照壁). Seven Feet Study Building was repaired in Qing Qianlong years and years of the republic of China has repeatedly, but the whole building still preserved in the Ming dynasty architectural style.

Yang Shiyun did not seek fame and wealth, he thought that wealthy person who even tie myriads of strings of cash around the waist, only stayed in that seven feet grave after the death. So the posterity called the house he lived in “Seven Feet Study Building”. After Yang Shiyun died, his thereafter successively repaired it repeatedly in Qing dynasty Qianlong years and years of the republic of China. And it is very famous in Dali spots in Yunnan.

2.Yan Family Compound （严家大院）

Yan Family Compound, a well preserved and partially renovated structure in the town square. The compound has been converted in a museum of Xizhou’s history and Bai architecture. This site was the original residence of Yan Zizhen, a wealthy businessman from the early 20th century, and is a pristine example of high Bai architecture. 

3.Yang Family Compound （杨家大院）

Yang Family Compound is located in Dali attractions Yunnan – No.19 Ranyi Lane, Xizhou Ancient Town, is architecture at the early stage of the Qing dynasty. Yang Family Compound’s layout is a typical Bai courtyard building of “a reflecting wall while the other three serve as living spaces”, “quadrangle courtyard with two extra patios in the two sides”, which focuses on symmetry. In the courtyard there is reflecting wall facing east, under reflecting wall there is flower-stand with all sorts of flowers and trees in order to beautify the environment. Right in the front is main house, left and right sides is wing.

Yang Family Compound is the art of solidified way, which formed a unique scenery line. In Yang Family Compound, tourists can drink three-course tea, look at the Dali Bai nationality song and dance performances “rattle stick dance”, “welcome dance”, “straw hat dance” and “hand towel dance” and so on.

Recommended Tours

1 Day Dali City Highlights Group Tour

1 Days Dali Ancient Culture Tour with Dali Old Town, Three Pagodas, Xizhou, Zhoucheng and Erhai Lake

2 Days Dali City Tour from Kunming by Speed Train

4 Days Kunming-Dali-Lijiang-Group Tour

Best Time to Visit Xizhou Ancient Town

March to May is the best time to visit Xizhou Ancient Town. There are many festivals and events of Bai nationality in March to April every year, traveling during time tourists can appreciate full-bodied ethnic customs.

Nearby Attractions

▪ Erhai Lake

This amazing lake lies next to the amazing historic sites in the Dali valley and the natural scenery and good hiking trails on Cangshan Mountain. The whole region is full of interesting and beautiful sites. 

▪Three Pagodas and Chongsheng Monastery

The magnificent Chongsheng Temple and the well-known Three Pagodas are the symbol of Dali.

Useful Travel Tips

Food in Xizhou Old Town:

Xizhou Cake is the most famous food in Xizhou. It is made of leaven flour, knead with vegetable, and added spring onion, Chinese prickly ash, and salted for a salt taste, or ham, diced meat, pork scraps and brown sugar for a sweet taste. Toast for ten minutes and it is served.

Shaxi Ancient Town (沙溪古镇)

Shaxi Ancient Town is a pleasant surprise between Dali and Lijiang. Shaxi Ancient Town is a famous attraction once played an important role as a bustling trade point on the Tea Horse Caravan Road. With the decline of the ancient Tea Horse Road, the town seems to have been forgotten. But this helps retain the original appearance of the small town. Many of the historical sites have been well preserved including Sifang Street, Xingjiao Temple, Yuxi Bridge and Ancient Opera Stage. Compared with other commercialized ancient towns in China, the undeveloped Shaxi Ancient Town is a better place to escape from the hustle and bustle of the metropolis and experience the quaint lives of local Bai People.

Why is Shaxi Ancient Town so special?

Shaxi Ancient Town, located between Lijiang Old Town and Dali Ancient City, used to be an important and prosperous hub along the ancient Tea Horse Road which refers to the international trade route with the caravan as the main means of transportation. The original appearance of the small town has been protected well. In 2001, its Market Square was added to the World Monuments Watch List of 100 Most Endangered Sites.The Friday Market of Shaxi is the only surviving market along the Ancient Tea Horse Road.

It has been put into the protection list of World Endangered Architecture.

Where is Shaxi Ancient Town?

Shaxi Ancient Town is located between Lijiang Ancient Town and Dali Ancient Town, which was a important hub of the ancient Tea Horse Caravan Road.

How to Get to Shaxi Ancient Town?

1.Get in Shaxi Ancient Town

For Shaxi is situated about 32km away from its center Jianchuan County, Dali Prefecture, Yunnan province, there is no straight bus from Lijiang, Dali and anywhere of Yunnan except Jianchuan. So, if you are planning your tour to visit Shaxi Ancient Town from somewhere of Yunnan, you have to go to Jianchuan first.

A.Jianchuan to Shaxi:

When you arrived at Jianchuan, there is a minibus station on the right side out of Jianchuan Bus Terminal. The minibus in green color will drive you to Shaxi Ancient Town, which coasts you 13 yuan. Though the service time of the minibus is from 6:30 am to 7:00 pm, the bus departs whenever it is full with passengers. So try not to arrive in Jianchuan too late or else there may not be enough passengers to fill up the bus.

B.Lijiang to Jianchuan:

Shaxi is situated 96km around away from Lijiang. There is no straight bus or train available between the two places. Long distance bus service from Lijiang to Jianchuan runs every 40-60 mins from 8:20am to 5:30pm.

C.Dali to Jianchuan:

Shaxi is situated 118km around away from Dali. There is also no straight bus or train available between the two places, but long distance bus service from Dali to Jianchuan runs every 15-30 mins from 6:45am to 6:00pm.

From	To	First Bus	Last Bus	Duration	Prices(RMB)
Lijiang Bus Terminal (丽江客运站)	Jianchuan Bus Terminal (剑川客运站)	8:20 am	5:30 pm	2 hrs approx.	26
Dali North Bus Terminal (大理北部客运站)		6:45 am	6:00 pm	3 hrs approx.	39

Please Note: (1) The above information might be slightly changed according to practical situation, feel free to contact our professional travel expert for the detailed and newest information. (2) Due to the uncertainty and complexity of taking long distance bus, I will recommend our private car service for you, which will be arranged according to your need.

2.Get around Shaxi Ancient Town

It can be easily toured by walking at the main village of Shaxi (Sideng Street), While Hiking and Horseback Riding are the main options for a visit into the mountains around Shaxi.

History of Shaxi Ancient Tow and Tea Horse Caravan Road

Shaxi Ancient Town

In Tang Dynasty around 700 AD, Shaxi was founded as a trading point at the Tea Horse Road. People of the town not only sold a wide variety of homemade items at that time, but also opened their house and offered food to the passing caravans. Due to the prosperity of their business, the families renovated their house. The improving of living conditions then attributed to the flourishing of arts and centuries-old traditions. The meticulously kept houses decorated with family motto plaque and exquisite wooden carving products witnessed the affluence of Old Shaxi and Shaxi people. However, with the decline of the trade along the Tea Horse Road, Shaxi vanished from the sight of public, only the surviving Friday Market continued its vigor.

Tea and Horse Caravan Road

Tea Horse Road (茶马古道) earned its name from the large-scale commerce in tea and horse between tea-growing regions of China to places with plenty of horses. Tea was traded to Tibet and India while horses were brought to south of China at that time.

The development of large-scale commerce between the Chinese dynasties and Tibet probably dates to the Song dynasty (960-1279). And during the Qing dynasty (1644-1911), the tea trade between Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet continued to develop. Today there are still many people come to the Tea and Horse Caravan Road, not for business or trade, but for the culture and spectacular old buildings of the region. Friday market of Shaxi Ancient Town, for instance, has attracted numerous visitors around the world every year.

Main Attractions and Things to Do

1.Stroll at the Main Spot of the Town – Sideng Street (寺登街)

The existing Sideng Street, which was put on the World Monument Watch list of the 100 most endangered sites in 2001, is composed of four parts: old market square theater, Xingjiao Temple, Ouyang Courtyard, and Yujin Bridge.

Among the three parts, the old market square theater (寺登戏台)is in the center of Sideng Street. It is a perfect place for vibrant celebration of folk art that displays the culture and tradition of Shaxi.

2.Xingjiao Temple (兴教寺)

Xingjiao Temple (兴教寺), built in the Ming Dynasty, is the only Buddhist temple of Bai People. At present it functions as a museum that exhibits how the Shaxi Rehabilitation Project (SRP) has contributed to the renewal of Shaxi.

3.Ouyang Courtyard (欧阳大院)

Ouyang Courtyard (欧阳大院), the original homestead of the rich caravan leaders Ouyang family in times of the Tea Horse Road, is a superb example of three-in-one Bai folk architecture. Its wooden window shutters still open and close smoothly despite a century of use. Carving details throughout the residence remain intact and lovely despite their sometimes faded lacquer. People visiting the house are allowed to take photos of most of the common areas after paid a modest ten yuan fee.

4.Yujin Bridge (玉津桥)

Yujin Bridge (玉津桥) spans opposite the east gate of Shaxi Old Town. The ancient Yujin stone arch bridge built in the Qing Dynasty is about 6 meters high and 35.4 meters long. It is a perfect spot for photographers who want to capture a snapshot of Shaxi. This ancient stone bridge carries Shaxi’s history. Its surface is getting bumpy smooth by the touch of countless passing horses and travelers.

5.Attend & Witness the Vibrant Friday Market (星期五市集)

It is said that the market have been held on Fridays since 1415. Originally the market was a modest one. Locals gathered at the square outside of Xingjiao Temple to peddle homemade items to passing merchants who in turn traded goods from distant cities along the Tea Horse Road. But now it has grown into a massive affair.

Friday must be the highlight of the week in Shaxi valley. Nearby residents in traditionally dressed will gather together along the curbside to offer a wide range of local items. Such as freshly made goats cheese, traditional Chinese medicine, drying tofu, wild mushrooms, etc. It seems there is nothing that isn’t for sale on Fridays in Shaxi. Even the hair can be cut and weighed in situ. If you come here on Friday, you should not miss this only surviving market of The Ancient Tea Horse Road.

6.Accept the Blessing of Shakyamuni Buddha during Taizihui Holiday (太子会)

Taizihui is the biggest traditional folk activity of Yi minorities held every year on the eighth day of the second lunar month. Taizi refers to Shakyamuni Buddha and the holiday held in order to get Taizi’s blessing. According to the legend, it is in that day Shakyamuni decided to be a Buddha and began to deliver all living creatures from torment.

7.Enjoy Dancing around Fires during Torch Festival (火把节)

Torch Festival is a major festival for the Bai and the Yi minorities around Shaxi. It is held every year from the 25th day (24th for Yi minority) of the 6th month on the lunar calendar. It is said that Torch Festival is rooted in the local agrarian culture. Farmers originally took torches into the fields in order to scare away birds and insects that might eat the valuable crops. And it gradually evolved into a grand festival for all general people.

During the festival, Yi and Bai people dressed in traditional costumes dancing and singing around big barn fires go on late in to the night. Large torches even up to 20 meters high.

Recommended Tours

1 Day Dali to Lijiang Tour with Shaxi Old Town and Shibaoshan Mountain

1 Day Shaxi Old Town and Shibaoshan Mountain Tour from Lijiang

2 Days Shaxi Old Town and Shibaoshan Mountain Tour from Dali to Lijiang

Best Time to Visit Shaxi Ancient Town

You can visit Shaxi Ancient Town between February to May since Shaxi enjoys the favorable climate and tranquil environment. The 8th day of the 2nd month on the lunar calendar can be the ideal time to enjoy the Taizi Festival, which is the grandest featival of Shaxi.

Accommodate at Shaxi Ancint Town

There are many inns, guesthouses and folk houses of various standards in and around Shaxi Ancient Town. For your ease of reference, below are the recommended inns & guesthouses.

Five-star:

Shaxi Old Theatre Inn (沙溪古戏台会馆): A beautiful restored boutique heritage hotel, housed within an authentically preserved eighteenth-century temple theatre courtyard complex. The local partner, Mr. Wu speaks English, French and Chinese.

Landscape Hotel Shaxi (兰林阁颂曲): The hotel has its own bar, garden and restaurant and features a 24-hour front desk and an ATM for guests. Breakfast is available every morning, and includes continental, American and Asian options.

Four-star:

Dali Shaxi Cato’s Inn (大猫驿客栈): Located 30m from the center scenic spot old market square theater, Dali Shaxi Cato’s Inn offers numerous leisure options including hiking and cycling. BBQ facilities, Luggage storage, free parking and laundry are also available.

Three-star:

Shaxi Xiaolazhe Yododo Inn (肖拉者游多多客栈): Conveniently located 500m from the Shaxi Old Town Parking lot, this inn offers public balcony to view the mountains. Shower facility, hairdryer, shampoo and body soap are also provided at this inn.

Nearby Attraction

Shibao Mountain (石宝山)

Shibao Mountain is 25 kilometers southwest of the Jianchuan County, and about 20 mins’ car ride from Shaxi Ancient Town. It is a famous Danxia landform mountain with famous Temples, Buddhist Grottoes and Golden Monkeys. Shibao Mountain earned its name from its turtleback-shaped cracks, which also look like lion, elephant and bell sometimes.

Nuodeng Ancient Town

Nuodeng, a thousand-years town, a famous historic and cultural village of Yunnan province. Located in mountainous area, it is far away from the hustle and bustle of metropolis. It is the true place with original flavor of life. Except for the profound history, Nuodeng is the important place of Ancient Salt and Horse Road. Salt is the key point of Nuodeng Ancient Town. Walk in the Nuodeng Ancient Town and view the busy Ancient Salt and Horse Road.

Why is Nuodeng Ancient Town so special?

Nuodeng is one of oldest and traditional village of Yunnan, which is the oldest famous economic town of Bai ethnic group amassing most of ancient buildings and cultural relics of Ming and Qing Dynasties. Nowadays, Nuodeng Village still owes more than one hundred local-style dwelling houses and yards, which are at the foot of a hill and beside a stream with flexible shapes and elegant styles. It is one of the top ten tourism town, also one of the five salt wells.

Where is Nuodeng Ancient Town?

Nuodeng Town of Yunlong county lies to the rendezvous place of the world natural legacy—Three Rivers, which is a place of interest. It is about 7 km northwest of Yunlong and 160 kilometers from Dali city in the east.

How to Get to Nuodeng Ancient Town?

Nuodeng is loacted in rural area, so it is not so convenient to transfer in Nuodeng. Travelers had better drive to Nuodeng since there is many public bues.

History

Nuodeng, a famous historic and cultural village of Yunnan province. As early as in 110 AD in the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wudi set up Bisu County at this place, where there was a fine salt well and people began to develop it. During Nanzhao Kingdom, the history of ethnic groups records something about Nuodeng well. In Ming Dynasty, One of Four Institutions of Yunnan especially in charge of the tax revenue imposed on “Five Salt Wells ” was established in Nuodeng. Finally, Nuodeng , became the center of the Ancient Salt and Tea Road, with Dali in the east, Baoshan in the south, Tengchong and Burman in the west, Lijiang and Tibet in the north.

Main Attractions

Nuodeng Town boomed and played an important role in economy of Dali because of the salt industry. Local people lived on production of salt. There are a lot of temple buildings such as Yuhuangge Pavilion, Wen Temple, Wu Temple, Longwang Temple, Squared Gate built in Ming and Qin Dynasties. The sites of salt well, salt bureau, salt institution and the old post road, streets and the Ancient Salt and Horse Road can easily be seen. All of these are living materials to show the prosperity of salt economy and the development of culture. It has also demonstrated that the main culture, policy, economy of the Chinese nation always can be unified and traced to the same origin with Yunnan, a multi-national border province of China.

You’ll hear much of the‘thousand—year—old village’ around these parts, and it refers to this lovely anachronistic hamlet with one of the highest concentrations of Bai in Yunnan. Nuodeng is unquestionably the highlight to any visit to the area.

Entering the village from Yunlong, you cross the river and hit tile first of the town’s many salt wells. Grubby today, perhaps, but it was once the lifeblood of dynastic ambition. Ascending from here you start into your own personal architectural tour. The paths narrow and lead into a wondrous labyrinth of more than 100 ancient dwellings. You’ll likely be invited in to nose around a few places, just remember to be polite and not get too animated with the camera.

Recommended Tours

26 Days Grand Yunnan Ethnic Minority Discovery

Best Time to Visit

March to April is the best time to visit Nuodeng. There are many festivals and activities of Bai nationality during March and April, traveling in March and April, people will experience the rich local folk customs.

Useful Travel Tips

1.A lot of festivals and events of Bai nationality focused on March to April each year, travel at this time you will feel rich ethnic customs.

2.When the weather is fine in Nuodeng, the sunshine is heated, and ultraviolet light is strong. People should avoid direct sunlight, and the sun hat preparation is required during outdoor activities, a pair of sunglasses will make you comfortable in the trip.

3.Respect local custom of ethnic minority.

4.You’ll likely be invited in to nose around a few places, just remember to be polite and not get too animated with the camera.

Weishan Ancient Town

Weishan Ancient Town is located at the foot of Ailao Mountain. It is a historical and cultural city known as the cradle of Nanzhao Kingdom. First built in Yuan Dynasty, Weishan Ancient Town has been changed to the brick city and remained the style and features until today. As the place that carry out Tusi System for the longest time in Yunnan, the long history of Weishan breeds numerous temples, echoing with the natural landscape at the diatance.

Why is Weishan Ancient Town so special?

Weishan Ancient Town is the birthplace of Nanzhao culture. Center on Gongcheng Tower, the streets in Weishan Old Town present standard grid-beam structure. In total of 25 streets and 18 alleys, the residences in Weishan Ancient Town remain the traditional Chinese construction. Among them, the residences along the principal axis preserve the architectural style and features of Ming and Qing Dynasty. Unsophisticated folk custom, profound culture and favorable climate form the tranquility of Weishan people.

Where is Weishan Ancient Town?

Weishan Ancient Town is located at the foot of Ailao Mountain. It is the important town of Dali City, Yunnan Province.

How to Get to Weishan Ancient Town?

From Xiaguan, the big town just south of Dali ancient town, take a bus from the Southwest bus station (西南站), there is bus every 15 minutes, so you won’t have to wait to long. It’s a one hour drive. Once at the bus station, take a tuk-tuk for 5 RMB to the Weishan Old Town. The driver will drop you at the Gongchen Tower Gate, in the middle of the ancient town.

History of Weishan Ancient Town

Weishan Ancient Town retains the layout of chessboard built 600 years ago, which is the best preserved ancient architectural complex of Ming and Qing dynasties.There were villages in Weishan Town in early Tang Dynasty. Duan began to construct the town with clay in Yuan and turned into brick town in Ming Dynasty.It maintains not only the architecture of Ming and Qing, but also the civil structure of Bai’s residence houses.

Weishan is the famous historical and cultural town of China, also the birthplace of Nanzhao culture.It is also the town which keeps the chieftain system longest time.

Main Attractions

Xinggong Tower(星拱楼) & Gongchen Tower(拱辰楼)

There are four city gate in four directions in Weishan Old Town, which is shaped like a square seal. As the remarkable building in Weishan Old Town, the Xinggong Tower is built in the center in Ming Dynasty. At a height of 11 meters, it consists of timberwork tower and brick foundation support. 

The north city tower of Weishan Old Town is called Gongchen Tower with a height of 23.5 meters. The whole building was supported by 28 large pillars. Climbing up from the east or west gate and overlooking, travelers can clearly see the four main streets extending to different directions and the dignified residences.

Majestically standing in the Weishan Old Town, the Xinggong Tower and Gongchen Tower has been the remarkable building. Inside the old town, the folk residences basically remain the traditional Chinese construction style of Ming and Qing Dynasty. Some are ‘Three Square with a Screen Wall’ and some are ‘Quadrangle Dwellings with Five Courtyards’. There are also many ancient buildings existed inside or outside Weishan Old Town, such as Confucius Temple, Wenhua Academy and Yuhuang Pavillion. Some exports praise highly after investigation of Weishan Old Town because of the intact preservation of Ancient Town.

Weibao Mountain

Weibao Mountain is one of 14 famous Taoist Mountains of China, enjoying the most and grandest Taoist monasteries. It is also the national forest park. Weibao Mountain offers lots of tall and straight trees, like a green lion viewing the ancient town and Guajiang River. It collects the charming landscape, original culture of Nanzhao amd Taoist culture.

Yuanjue Temple

Yuanjue Temple is hidden in the forest, enjoying the charming scenery. Among pine trees in front of temple stand the tall towers, which are the dense-eave brick tower. The straight trees, tall towers and ancient temple make a peaceful picture.

Recommended Tours

1 Day Weishan Snack Festival Tour

Nearby Attractions

Weibao Mountain

Weibao Mountain (巍宝山), also known as Weishan Mountain, is one of the birthplaces of the Nanzhao. In the past, he local Yi people held a temple fair in Weibao Mountain, which is the ancestral holy land of the Yi people. Today, Weibao Mountain enjoys the flourishing vegetation, towering trees and booming flowers. It is one of the famous Taoist mountains of China.

Donglianhua Village

Donglianhua Village is a village of Hui ethnic minority. It is one of the Muslim communities with the most traditional Hui culture in the Weishan County, enjoying the most quaint folk customs, the most colorful folk customs and the richest traditional culture. The whole village offers a flat terrain and convenient transportation. Its foundation can be trace back to early Ming Dynasty. There is also an important bridge built on the Bonan Ancient Road(博南古道) in the Wanli Period of the Ming Dynasty – Yongji Bridge(永济桥), which preserves Zhaozhong Temple in the Qing Dynasty and Du Wenxiu Uprising Site, also the Cultural relics protection units such as the military field, Dadongmen, and the masses.

Erhai Lake

Erhai Lake (Ear-shaped Sea), reputed as “Pearl of Plateau”, is the second largest highland lake of Yunnan. Taking a boat and cycling around the lake are fantastic ways to explore “Silver Cangshan Mountain and Jade Erhai Lake” scenery.

Best Time to Visit Weishan Ancient Town 

March and April is the best time to visit Weishan Ancient Town, during that time there are a lot of festivals and activities. Lots of festivals and activities of Bai nationality centered on period from March to April every year, traveling during this time tourists can enjoy the full-bodied ethnic customs. Tourists can choose to go during the Third Month Fair (from March 15 to March 21 in lunar calendar, the west of Dali Sanyue Street) and Butterfly Activity (April 15 in lunar calendar in Butterfly Spring). 

Useful Travel Tips

Before Visit to Weishan Ancient Town

Weishan County is located in the south of Dali and the west of Yunnan Province. Ancient buildings and relics assemble and natural scenery gather here, such as Weibao Mountain, Yuanjue Temple, Weishan Old Town and Weishan Confucius Temple.

Ethnic Minority in Weishan Ancient Town

The preeminence and quintessence of the Yi’s Dage in Weishan live in its long history, integrated configurations, rich cultural connotations, different values and functions. In Torch Festival, people from all directions gather together and sing around the torch. Moreover, the Dongjing Music enjoys good frame.

Chinese Name:宁洱县磨黑镇孔雀屏茶马古道
English Name: Kongqueping Village and The Ancient Tea Horse Road in Ninger County, Puer
Link: http://www.puercn.com/cmgd/yj/22952.html

The Kongqueping Village: An Ancient Relay Station Hidden Deep in the Mountains

http://www.puer.travel/content.aspx?id=926852410087

Tea and Horse Caravan Road of Southwest China

The Tea and Horse Caravan Road of Southwest China, aka the ” Silk Road of Southwest China” – but called Chamagudao in Chinese (cha-ma-gu-dao = Tea-Horse-Ancient-Road) – is an old trade route that stretched east to west and south to north across southwest China, including present-day Tibet (Tibet Autonomous Region), and down into Nepal and India (see the stylized map below). This set of ancient trade routes eventually came to be renowned for the two main commodities for which the routes were named: tea and horses, though there were other important commodities such as sugar and salt – but curiously, not silk – that were traded along these routes.

The route originating in Pu’er in Yunnan Province and ending in India, linking up, near the Tibetan city of Mangkam, with the Tea and Horse Caravan Road’s northern fork – thus forming the trunk that proceeded across Tibet and into Northern India – passed through the Hengduan Mountain Range with its deep canyons that are home to several major rivers such as the Jinsha (one of the upper reaches of the Yangtze), the Yalong, the Lancang/ Mekong and the Nu/ Salween, while traversing two of China’s – and the world’s – highest plateaus: the Yunnan- Guizhou and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateaus.

Where is Pu-Erh Tourism Areas of the Tea-Horse Road

Pu-Erh Tourism Areas of the Tea-Horse Road Scenic Spots locates in Ning’er county, which is the famous resort of car travels and leisure.

Ninger County is the origin of the “Southern Silk Road – Tea Horse Road”. The ancient road was transported to all directions, and the fragrance was floating all over the sea. Ninger was the activity center of the revolution in southwestern Yunnan during the period of the new-democratic revolution. It had a glorious history of revolutionary struggle. The revolutionary fire of the area was lit here. There were national key cultural relics protection units, “New China.” The first monument of national unity” – the national unity oath monument, the main theme of the new Chinese national unity struggle is sung here. Taking the exploration of Pu’er tea culture as the axis, the scenic spot takes the subtropical landscape and karst landform as the carrier, and relies on the Hani and Yi people’s customs to carry out the source tour of the ancient tea and horse road. Visitors can feel the rich Pu’er tea culture, national culture and history and culture. .

What to see in Pu-Erh Tourism Areas of the Tea-Horse Road

The scenic spots consist of Nakeli Tea Horse Inn, Cha An Tang Tea-Horse Road, The Peacock Tail Feather Tea-Horse Road, Chayuan Square, Pu-Erh Mountain, East Tower Park (Dong Ta Park), National Unity Park (Minzu Tuanjie Park), National Teahouse (Minzu Teahouse), Longtan Park, Wenchang Palace and other interesting places. The existing arrangements radiates from the core of the town, taking the Tea-Horse Road as the axis. Thus, it compromises the merits of the scenic spots and Pu-Erh Tea culture, as well as Hani and Yi Nationality folk customs to be an integral national cultural and ecological tourism line.

Nakeli Tea House Inn is one of the most important inns on the way of Pu-Erh Prefecture Tea-Horse Road, which is embosomed with mountains. There are two rivers joining up right here. The Inn possesses picturesque sceneries like green mountains and clean water resources. The ancient Nakeli was the hustle and bustle of the Tea-Horse Road. The caravans shuttled back and forth constantly. There stood varies of old inns and horse stables in great numbers. Water flew beneath the bridges.

Nakeli Village, Ninger County, Pu’er City, is home to one of the few ancient courier stations scattered along the Ancient Tea Horse Road that have survived fairly intact. In fact, the village is steeped in a rich blend of cultures, derived from Pu’er tea, from the Ancient Tea Horse Road, and from the horse-drawn caravans closely related to both. In recent years, artists and photographers from around the country and even the world have come to the village with the aim of reproducing or catching a glimpse of its heyday and the vicissitudes of Pu’er tea and the Ancient Tea Horse Road in the form of art.

The bustles of the people and the horses could be heard everywhere, which made a busy environment. Nowadays, Nakeli enjoys a long history deep Tea-Horse Road culture. When you are here, your thoughts will hover over the numerous trivial things in life to be casual, peaceful and relaxing.

Cha’antang section of the Ancient Tea-Horse Road

How to Get to Ninger County

1. By Air

There are no airports in Ninger County. Visitors can take a plane to Simao District, Puer, then take a long-distance bus to Ninger County.

2. By Train

Pu’er Railway Station is the middle station of the Yumo Railway under construction and an important station for the Laos section of the Trans-Asian Railway. It is expected to be put into use by 2020.

3. By Long-distance Bus

There is the Passenger Station in Ninger County for people to get in.

4.Ninger– The Ancient Tea Horse Road Tourist Area in Puer

Take the taxi or rent a car to go to the The Ancient Tea Horse Road Tourist Area in Puer.

Http://www.puer.travel/content.aspx?id=345027067592

Yunnanyi Ancient Town

Yunnanyi Ancient Town(云南驿)was Yunnan County in the Han Dynasty and Yunnan Prefecture in Weijin. It was named after the Yunnanyi of Yunnan, Ming and Qing dynasties. This is the administrative village of Yunnan. Yunnanyi has been a major town of the Ancient Tea and Horse Road and Shuyuan Road (蜀身毒道) on the South Silk Road. With a history of more than 2,100 years, Yunnan was an ancient station. The caravans rested here and gathered goods here, and it was prosperous and crowded. From Sichuan through Yunnan to Myanmar, India to West Asia, there is a trade route, which is the famous ancient Southern Silk Road. Through this ancient road, Chinese silk, tea, and porcelain are exported to Myanmar, India, the Roman Empire, and the Arab countries. The agate, ivory and jewellery in the above areas were trafficked to China. On this southern Silk Road, Yunnan is a important hub.

Why is Yunnanyi Ancient Town so special?

It is a historical and cultural reserve and the third batch of historical and cultural villages and towns in Yunnan Province. It is also a scenic spot for the original ecological culture experience tourism.

Where is Yunnanyi Ancient Town?

Yunnanyi is an ancient town of Xiangyun County（祥云县）in the west-central part of Yunnan Province. It was the necessary pass of the South Silk Road in the ancient time.

How to get to Yunnanyi Ancient Town?

①By passenger train: Western passenger station in Kunming, Yunnan province→passenger station in Xiangyun County→Yunnanyi
②By cars: Expressway (from Chuxiong to Dali) in Kunming→320 national highway→Yunnanyi

Introduction

If you are looking for Yunnanyi on a map of China, it may not be easy to find. Geographically, Yunnanyi is an ancient town of Xiangyun County（祥云县）in the west-central part of Yunnan province(云南省). Yunnan province is interspersed with plateau and mountains. Having an area of 218.76 square kilometers, Yunnanyi has 108 natural villages with 17committees in the villages and 204 villager groups. With the highest altitude of 2658 meters and lowest altitude of 1758 meters, it belongs to temperate climate. The annual average temperature is 15.2℃and the annual rainfall is 705.6mm.

The name of Yunnanyi only designates a particular part of the Yunnan province. You may find that both Yunnanyi and Yunnan province have the same words—Yunnan. Xiangyun County—also called Ancient Yunnan（云南） or Little Yunnan-which is regarded as the source of Yunnan province. In Han Dynasty (in 122BC), the emperor Wu Di dreamed of the auspicious cloud – the symbol of peace and prosperity- and he ordered his men to find the auspicious cloud. Finally, the auspicious cloud was found in present-day Xiangyun County, so Xiangyun County got its original name “Yunnan County”. As a town in “Yunnan County”, Yunnanyi thus remains the words “Yunnan” as part of its name still today for 2112 years. And the word “Yunnan”means the auspicious cloud appears in the south. According to the records, the auspicious cloud has appeared for more than 10 times in Xiangyun County from 122BC until now, so Xiangyun County is known as the Home of Auspicious clouds.

History of Yunnanyi

In AD221-263(the Kingdom of Shu Han), Yunnanjun—which functioned as the administrative region- was in Yunnanyi.

In Tang Dynasty (In AD618-907), Yunnanyi was regarded as the key military frontier between Nanzhao Kingdom and Tang Dynasty and had the first Jiedushi—the commissioner of Nanzhao Kingdom.
In Song Dynasty (in AD960-1279), Yunnanyi was called Yunnandan（云南赕）, which means the minority nationality in the south of China. The law—called Shishu- was carried out here. Shishu was a kind of law which had the criminals exonerated with money.

In Yuan Dynasty (In1271-1368), Zhongshusheng—the executive branch of the government- was established. Thus, Yunnanzhou and Mazhan—a posthouse- had 50 post-horses that were set up in Yunnanyi.
In Ming Dynasty (in1368-1644), the present-day Xiangyun County became the center of the administrative region, which represented the end of the proud history of Yunnanyi as the administrative region for 1500 years. Yunanyi thereby remained as the posthouse and kept its name until today.

In Qing Dynasty (in1644 -1912), Yunnanyi was the distributing center of the Old Tea-Horse Caravan Road and received a lot of caravan groups. Lin Zexu—a government official-lived here in order to deal with the official affair.
In the modern times(especially in the period of World War Ⅱ), Yunnanyi functioned as the military center and the well-known Burma Road went through here. It was also considered as the vital air transfer settion of The Hump Route. At that time, the Kuomingtang Air Force had a station and an academy in Yunnanyi. Since some foreign volunteer groups gathered here, the restaurants like New York restaurant and Huamei restaurant, were built for people.

Main Attractions

Yunnanyi is the birthplace of the millennium caravan culture in western Yunnan and the earliest county. The ancient paths saw the Yunnanyi’s history and prosperity. Caravan groups left their trail on the paths; the horse bells played pieces of melodious music; the culture was spread. Posthouses were constructed for the Silk Road in the southwest of ancient China; military airports were built for the War of resistance and more. Now, this town, full of a sense of history, has new vigor and vitality.

Yunnan Horse Caravan Museum

Given the history, caravan transport played a significant role in Yunnan province. In 1980s, the caravan transport was still the major transportation in Yunnan province. Since it preserved the complete post roads, the ancient Chinese posthouse and the inn with the stable left the history of the Yunnan caravan culture and some relative materials to the people, Yunanyi has gained greater attention from the various circles of society and the world.
This museum is the first museum of caravan culture in China, as well as the most preserved inn in size and integrity with the stable. Facing the site of posthouse and China-India-Myanmar memorial hall of transportation in the World War Ⅱ, this museum is situated in the core area of Yunnanyi’s historically cultural district. Covering an area of 724square meters, this museum has the double-roofed quadrangles with the civil structure in Qing Dynasty. It has the open display for tourists, and some remains, such as the stable, the accountant’s office and the shrine, which are renovated to be displayed in the museum. In this way, tourists can have the vivid and better understanding of the caravan culture.

Yunnanyi Airports

There had been two airports—Yunnanyi airport and Beitun airport near Kunwan Road,also called Stilwell Road-in Xiachuanba of Yunnanyi town in Xiangyun County. In the Anti-Fascist War of the last century, the two airports had great performance and had been passed into history. For 50 years, three different Air Force Units were stationed here. In September, 1929, the Kuomintang governors in Yunnan raised funds to construct the Yunnanyi military airfield. For one year, the military was established and took an area about 173,200 square meters. During the period of 16 years, the government extended the airport for three times and over 800 workers died for the protection of the airport in the Anti-Fascist War. In the War of Resistance against Japan, this airport earned its everlasting merit and witnessed the perfect cooperation between the Chinese people and the American Volunteer Group. Although it had fallen into disuse, the parking apron, the airstrip, and the buried airplane are still available for tourists. Some other sites-like the Mass Grave and the First Lieutenant—Mr. Moni monument, deserved to be visited.

Accommodation at Yunnanyi

Around the 320 national highway, numerous eateries, restaurants, small and inexpensive hotels are provided for accommodation.

Recommended Tour

1 Day Kunming to Dali Tour with Chuxiong Museum and Yunnanyi Old Town

Best Time to Visit

March is the best month to visit Yunnanyi, with the temperature climate and booming camellia. If you visit in Summer, you need to take the sunscreen and umbrella.

Useful Travel Tips

1.Best Time to Visit
Travleres can enjoy the tempreture climate of Xiangyun and appreciate the camellia in March.

2.What to Pack
Dali belongs to the low altitude plateau monsoon climate and ultraviolet ray is strong. Travelers should bring usual clothes and necessities as well as sunscreen cream and sunglasses to protect yourselves.

3.Tickets
The ticket price: 40-150 Yuan for each person (for your reference only)

Ancient Tea Horse Road in Yunnanyi

Yunnanyi Ancient Tea Horse Road is located in Yunnanyi Town, Xiangyun County, 21 km from the county seat of Xiangyun County. In 109 BC, Yunnan County was set by Emperor Wudi in Han Dynasty, Yunnanyi as the county seat. It is the birthplace of ancient caravan culture of Yunnan. Millions of caravans came here and went to diverse places, connecting diverse ethnic groups and colorful culture along the ancient road. Yunnanyi is the important station of the ancient road, enjoying the history of more than 1200 years. At that time, with the prosperity of the salt industry, the salt merchants were inextricably linked, and the ramps were frequently transported. The slabs on the ancient roads still have traces of horseshoes. The station is specialized, large-scale, and well preserved, and it is unique in the Southwest Silk Road.

How to get to Yunnanyi?

①By passenger train: Western passenger station in Kunming, Yunnan province→passenger station in Xiangyun County→Yunnanyi
②By cars: Expressway (from Chuxiong to Dali) in Kunming→320 national highway→Yunnanyi

History

In 109 BC, the important part of the ancient tea-horse road, Yunnanyi, entered the Western Han map, which was Yunnan County. Yunnan Prefecture was established in Shuhan, and the government was in Yunnanyi. In the Yuan Dynasty, Yunnan Province was set up. Since then, “Yunnan” has become a province, and it was maintained till today. As one of the oldest stations in Yunnan Province, Yunnanyi is a bright pearl on the ancient tea-horse road. It once became an important political, economic and cultural center in western Yunnan.

The ancient road in Yunnan was built in the opening of the Baiyan Salt Well in the Northern Song Dynasty (972 years). It was the main transportation channel for Baiyan Salt Well to the west of the Yunnan. The road was 1-2 meters wide, and it was paved with slabs. With the prosperity of the Baiyanjing salt industry, the salt merchants have a long history of rushing, and the ramps are frequently transported. The zebra stone in the middle of the stone road in the ancient road ruins still has traces of horseshoes. In Qing Dynasty, Yunnan became the most important and prosperous station on the Ancient Tea Horse Caravan Road. These horses, which come to the west, transport leather and medicinal materials to the east, and transport tea, cloth, salt and department stores to the west. In order to provide the place for rest and accommodation, Yunnanyi had established more than 20 horse shops, which were lined up to provide various goods for the passing cars.

Useful Travel Tips

When the weather is fine in Dali, the sunshine is heated, and ultraviolet light is strong. People should avoid direct sunlight, and the sun hat preparation is required during outdoor activities, a pair of sunglasses will make you comfortable in the trip.