Niulanjiang River (牛栏江), also known as Tanglang River (堂琅江) and Chehong River (车洪江), is a significant tributary of the upper Yangtze River (长江), specifically on the right bank of the Jinsha River (金沙江). It originates in Kunming (昆明), Yunnan Province, flowing a total length of 423 kilometers with a drop of 1660 meters, and has a drainage area of 13,320 square kilometers. The river generally flows from south to north, traversing the eastern part of Yunnan Province and Weining County (威宁县) in Guizhou, eventually merging with the Jinsha River in Zhaotong (昭通).
Overview
The river features several major tributaries, including Malong River (马龙河), Xize River (西泽河), Hala River (哈喇河), and Xiaochang River (硝厂河). Niulanjiang River has substantial hydropower resources, with a theoretical storage capacity of 1841.2 MW, of which 1669.9 MW (90.7% of the total) is found in the main stream. Key hydropower stations along the main river include Eluojiaoping (额罗家坪) and Hongshiyan (洪石岩). Notable inter-basin water diversion projects include the Niulanjiang-Dianchi Lake (滇池) water supply project.
General Information
- Chinese Name: 牛栏江
- Other Names: 牛洪江 (Niuhongjiang), 牛栏河 (Niulanhe)
- Ancient Name: 堂琅江 (Tanglangjiang)
- River System: Upper Yangtze River, right bank tributary of the Jinsha River
- Regions: Eastern Yunnan Province, Western Guizhou Province
- Source: Kunming City (昆明市), Yunnan Province
- Course Through: Kunming, Qujing, Zhaotong, Weining, Guizhou
- Mouth: Tianba Mahao Village (田坝麻耗村), Zhaoyang District (昭阳区), Zhaotong City
- Total Length: 461 kilometers
- Drainage Area: 13,320 km²
- Drop: 1660 m
Main Stream Overview
The main stream of Niulanjiang is 423 kilometers long, with a total drop of 1660 meters and a drainage area of 13,320 square kilometers. It flows generally from south to north through various counties and cities in Yunnan Province, including Songming County (嵩明县), Malong County (马龙县), Xundian County (寻甸县), Qilin District (麒麟区), Zhanyi County (沾益县), Xuanwei City (宣威市), Huize County (会泽县), Qiaojia County (巧家县), Ludian County (鲁甸县), and Zhaoyang District (昭阳区), finally emptying into the Jinsha River in Zhaotong City.
In Songming County, the upper reaches of the Niulanjiang were originally known as Chehong River, with two sources: Guoma River (果马河), which is the main source at an elevation of 2320 meters, and a secondary source from Xundian County’s Jinshuo Township (金所乡) that flows south into Songming County, joining with the Duolong River (对龙河) and becoming Niulanjiang.
The primary tributaries include:
- Guoma River (果马河)
- Pusha River (普沙河)
- Miliang River (弥良河)
- Duolong River (对龙河)
- Yanglin River (杨林河)
- Kuanglang River (匡郎河)
- Malong River (马龙河)
- Xize River (西泽河)
- Xiaochang River (硝厂河)
- Hala River (哈喇河) in Guizhou Province
- Yulong River (玉龙小河) in Guizhou Province
Detailed Course Characteristics
Niulanjiang flows northward from Songming County, crossing through Xundian County for approximately 70 kilometers before entering Huize County. In Huize County, the river spans 175 kilometers, with a drainage area of 708 square kilometers and an annual water yield of 3.1 billion cubic meters.
Within Ludian County, the river serves as a boundary between Ludian and Qiaojia counties, flowing through Jiangdi Township (江底乡), Huodehong Township (火德红乡), Longtoushan Town (龙头山镇), Lehong Township (乐红乡), and Suoshan Township (梭山乡) for a total length of 110.7 kilometers, with a drop of 579 meters and an average gradient of 8.7‰, providing a hydropower capacity of 1.2 million kW.
The river enters Zhaoyang District, stretching 2.77 kilometers before flowing into the Jinsha River at Mahao Village in Tianba Township.
Geographical Features
The Niulanjiang region is characterized by complex geological structures featuring a mix of north-south and northeast folds, with wide and narrow folds alternating. The area experiences seismic activity with a basic intensity of 7 degrees. The basin is part of the northeastern plateau of Yunnan, with significant topographical variations. The upper reaches of the river, spanning 155 kilometers, flow through Songming and Xundian, characterized by extensive flatlands.
In the middle section, from Deze to the mouth of Shaba River (沙坝河), which stretches 199 kilometers with a drop of 590 meters and an average slope of 3.0‰, the river passes through canyons with elevations approaching 3000 meters on both sides, creating a high mountain gorge landscape. The lower section, from the mouth of Shaba River to the mouth of Niulanjiang, measures about 69 kilometers with a drop of approximately 550 kilometers, also characterized by steep mountains and gorges.
Based on natural conditions, Niulanjiang can be divided into three sections: upstream, midstream, and downstream.
Upstream Section
From the Deze Bridge (德泽大桥) to the mouth of Shaba River, this section spans approximately 155 kilometers with mostly gentle slopes and wide basins. Major agricultural areas are found here, with significant irrigation systems. During dry seasons, the river has low flow, making it unsuitable for hydropower development.
Midstream Section
Extending from Deze Bridge to the mouth of Shaba River, this section is about 199 kilometers long with a drop of 590 meters and an average slope of 3‰. It is the primary area for hydropower development, with reservoir projects such as Huangli Reservoir (黄梨水库) and Xiangbilin Reservoir (象鼻岭水库) being feasible. Concentrated drops allow for efficient water diversion development.
Downstream Section
From the mouth of Shaba River to the mouth of Niulanjiang, this section measures around 69 kilometers with a drop of about 550 kilometers and an average slope of 8‰. The canyon is deeply cut, with high mountains and steep slopes, suitable for water diversion hydropower stations, though development conditions are slightly worse than the midstream section.
The upstream area has convenient transportation with highways, county roads, and railways. Midstream transportation conditions are average, while the downstream area is less accessible, with fewer and lower-grade roads.
Major Tributaries
Key tributaries include Guoma River, Pusha River, Miliang River, Duolong River, Yanglin River, Kuanglang River, Malong River, Xize River, Xiaochang River, as well as Hala River and Yulong River in Guizhou Province.
Malong River
Malong River is a tributary of the upper Niulanjiang, originating from the northern ridge of Walnut Mountain (核桃大山) in Yuewang Township (月望乡), Malong County (马龙县). It flows through various regions, including Songxipo Reservoir (松溪坡水库), Xihai Lake (西海子), and the town of Malong, eventually merging with Niulanjiang in Xundian County.
Yanglin River
Yanglin River, formerly known as Yulong River, is located in the southern part of Songming County. It originates from Laoyeshan Mountain (老爷山) in Guandu District (官渡区) and flows northward from Tian Sheng Bridge (天生桥) to Dahuikou, merging with Guoma River and entering Niulanjiang. This river stretches 19.4 kilometers with a drainage area of 95.3 square kilometers.
Miliang River
Located in central Songming County, Miliang River’s name means “a clearing between the valleys” in the Yi language. It flows north from Liangwang Mountain (梁王山) to Jiali (嘉丽泽), merging with Duolong River. The river is 26.5 kilometers long and characterized as a mountain stream with an unstable riverbed.
Duolong River
Formerly known as Yunlong River during the Qing Dynasty, it was renamed due to its flow through Duolong Village (对龙村) in the Republican period. The river has two sources, with the primary one originating from the Laoba Jiu Li Chao area, flowing through Guandu District before entering Songming County and merging with Miliang River.
Kuanglang River
Previously known as Kuanlang River, it was renamed after flowing through Kuanglang (匡郎) and into the main river. The river is rich in local fish and shrimp species.
Xiaochang River
A primary tributary originating from Huangdonghe Village (黄栋河村) and flowing into Xize River. Xiaochang River is renowned for its beautiful scenery and clear waters, featuring deep pools and rapid streams.
Xiaojiang River (牛奶河) refers to a river in the Xiaojian area of Dongchuan District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province. Due to local mining industries discharging tailings water directly into the river, the water in Xiaojiang River appears grayish-white, resembling milk. This phenomenon led to it being colloquially dubbed the “Milk River.”
On June 1, 2013, Kunming City reported the follow-up handling of the “Milk River” pollution incident. On November 29, 2014, local villager Liu Tianhua reported that the “Milk River” phenomenon had reoccurred in Xiaojian, Dongchuan District, Kunming City.
- Chinese Name: 牛奶河
- Location: 云南昆明
- Cause: 工矿业排放尾矿水
- First Exposed: 2012年6月1日
- Incident: 有企业污染河水
River Background
In April 2013, the water in a small river in Dongchuan Valley, Yunnan, turned milky white due to the illegal discharge of wastewater by several mining companies, leading to the nickname “Milk River.” This milky water flowed for over 70 kilometers, eventually merging with the Jinsha River (金沙江) at the junction of Menggu Township in Qiaojia County, Zhaotong City, and Yebao Ping Township in Huadong County, Sichuan Province, as well as Gele Village in the Dongchuan District.
At the confluence of the two rivers, one side of the Jinsha River presents a natural earthy yellow, while the Xiaojiang side is milky white, creating a distinct visual contrast. The two-colored water flows together downstream.
After the founding of New China in 1949, Dongchuan became an important mining area in Yunnan, with tailings water from dozens of mining companies along the riverside contaminating Xiaojiang. The Xiaojiang River ultimately merges into the Jinsha River at the junction of Qiaojia County, Huize County, and Dongchuan District.
Dongchuan is one of the five districts under the jurisdiction of Kunming City, Yunnan Province. The confluence of the Jinsha River and Xiaojiang River at Xiaokou, within Dongchuan, is at an altitude of only 695 meters, making it the lowest point in Kunming City. Due to the region being part of the world’s deep fracture zone, there is significant geological erosion, forming a typical high mountain canyon topography characterized by steep cuts. Additionally, differences in airflow, rainfall, soil, and vegetation contribute to a distinctive “one mountain divides four seasons, ten miles vary in weather” three-dimensional climate.
River Pollution
Pollution Causes
In Dongchuan District, Kunming City, a river that local villagers call the “Milk River” flows through the area. Tailings water from local mining activities is directly discharged into the river, causing it to turn white, resembling milk. The irrigation and drinking water for nearby villages have been severely affected.
On June 1, 2012, a journalist published a report titled “Life Irrigated by Dongchuan’s ‘Milk River’ is Withering” that caught the attention of many readers. Due to the illegal discharge of wastewater by some mining companies, the water in Xiaojiang River had temporarily turned milky white, sparking widespread concern.
Puduhe River (普渡河) is a major tributary of the Jinsha River (金沙江) on the right bank, located in the central part of Yunnan Province (云南省), People’s Republic of China. The river originates from Chalaqing (喳拉箐) on the northern foothills of Liangwang Mountain (梁王山) in Songming County (嵩明县) at an elevation of 2,600 meters. It flows through various districts and counties, including Guandu District (官渡区), Panlong District (盘龙区), Wuhua District (五华区), Xishan District (西山区), Chenggong District (呈贡区), Jinning County (晋宁县), Anning City (安宁市), Fumin County (富民县), and Luquan County (禄劝县). The river empties into the Jinsha River about 1 kilometer northeast of Heiquxiaopingzi (黑区小河坪子) in Luquan County.
The total length of Puduhe River is approximately 380 kilometers, with a drop of around 1,850 meters and an average slope of about 4.9‰. The watershed area covers approximately 11,090 square kilometers, with over 9,400 square kilometers within Kunming City (昆明市), accounting for about 85% of the Puduhe River watershed. It is conventionally divided into four sections: Panlong River (盘龙江), Dianchi Lake (滇池), Tanglangchuan (螳螂川), and the lower section of Puduhe River (普渡河下段).
General Information
- Chinese Name: 普渡河
- Water System: A tributary of the upper Yangtze River (长江) and Jinsha River (金沙江)
- Geographical Location: Kunming City, Yunnan Province
- Flowing Regions: Songming, Kunming urban area, Anning, Xishan, Fumin, and Luquan (Dongchuan)
- Source: Chalaqing on the northern foothills of Liangwang Mountain, Songming County
- Watershed Area: 11,090 km²
- Average Flow Rate: 91.2 m³/s
- Total Length: Approximately 380 kilometers
Main River Overview
Puduhe River flows through the central and northern parts of Yunnan Province. It originates from Haikou (海口) on the southwestern shore of Dianchi Lake, flowing north through Xishan District (西山区) in Kunming City and the counties of Anning, Fumin, and Luquan, before merging into the Jinsha River in the northeastern part of Luquan County. Its total length is 379.6 kilometers, with a watershed area of 11,089 square kilometers. The average annual flow rate is 101 cubic meters per second, and the annual runoff is approximately 2.3 billion cubic meters.
Puduhe River originates from Dianchi Lake (滇池) and flows through Xishan District (西山区) in Kunming City, Anning, and Fumin counties, generally flowing from south to north before finally emptying into the main Jinsha River at Xiaopingzi Village (小坪子村) in Luquan County. The river is approximately 379.6 kilometers long, with an average slope of 4.88‰ and a drainage area of 11,083 square kilometers.
The section from Dianchi Lake to the Yongding Bridge (永定大桥) in Fumin County is known as Tanglangchuan (螳螂川), while the segment below Yongning Bridge (永宁大桥) is referred to as Puduhe River. The Tanglangchuan section measures 200.3 kilometers and is the only outlet of Dianchi Lake, flowing through Anning Pingba before the riverbed deepens. The valley gradually opens up at Yongding Bridge. This section receives several tributaries, including Mingyi River (鸣矣河), Muban River (木板河), Daying River (大营河), Qingshui River (清水河, also known as Tuodan River or 拖担河), Longna River (龙纳河), and Sandan River (散旦河).
Panlong River
Panlong River (盘龙江) is the upstream section of Puduhe River. It originates from the confluence of Mu Yang River (牧羊河) and Dianwei River (甸尾河) at Chahezhui (岔河嘴) in Guandu District (官渡区). It flows through Guchangba Reservoir (谷昌坝水库), exiting Songhuaba Reservoir (松华坝水库) and passing through the urban area of Kunming, ultimately flowing into Dianchi Lake at Hongjia Village (洪家村). The river is 93.5 kilometers long, with a watershed area of 903 square kilometers and an average annual runoff of 165 million cubic meters. The elevation of the watershed ranges from 2,280 to 1,890 meters, with a gentle slope.
Dianchi Lake
Dianchi Lake (滇池) is the largest lake in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River (长江), located between longitudes 102°36′ to 102°47′ and latitudes 24°40′ to 25°02′. It is situated in a watershed region between three major water systems: the Yangtze River, the Red River (红河), and the Pearl River (珠江). Dianchi Lake is a limestone fault lake formed under the influence of the Himalayan uplift in the Tertiary period. Surrounded by mountain ranges, it belongs to the eastern branch of the Yunling Mountain Range (云岭山脉). There are dozens of peaks surrounding the lake, with the western part of the lake adjacent to the foot of the Xishan Mountain (西山), while the other three sides consist of river alluvial and lake sediment plains. This creates a semi-circular distribution of plains and hills around the lake.
Tanglangchuan
Tanglangchuan (螳螂川) begins at the outlet of Dianchi Lake and flows into Anning, passing through Shilong Dam Power Plant (石龙坝电厂) and reaching Tongxian Bridge (通仙桥). The section extends to Wengquan (温泉) and Qinglong Temple (青龙寺), ending at Yongding Bridge in Fumin County. It measures 97.6 kilometers in length, with elevations ranging from 1,884 to 1,700 meters and a drainage area of 5,178 square kilometers. Major tributaries include Mingyi River, Shuanghe River (双河), Maliao River (马料河), Sha River (沙河), Xianjie River (县街河), Luji River (禄脿河), Dianwei River (甸尾箐河), and Luze River (律则河). The notable tributary, Mingyi River, is 77 kilometers long, with a watershed area of 908 square kilometers and an average annual runoff of 187 million cubic meters, making it a significant irrigation river for Anning City.
Lower Section of Puduhe River
The lower section of Puduhe River starts from Yongding Bridge and flows through areas including Mailong, Zhebei, Yiwut, Chahe, Tiesuo Bridge (铁索桥), Lao Chicken Street (老鸡街), Lezuoni (乐作尼), and Jidu, ultimately merging into the main Jinsha River about 1 kilometer northeast of Xiaopingzi Village in Luquan County. This section measures 156.2 kilometers in total. Major tributaries include Dahe River (大合河), Longzhaba River (龙闸坝河), Zhangjiu River (掌鸠河), Muban River, Xima River (洗马河), Zhongping River (中屏河), Wumeng River (乌蒙河), Shugu River (舒姑河), and Jidu River (基多河). The larger tributary, Zhangjiu River, originates from Fanglaogu (放老姑) in Sanyingpan Town (撒营盘镇) of Luquan County, measures 129 kilometers in length, and has a watershed area of 1,933 square kilometers (of which 1,421 square kilometers is within Kunming). It runs vertically through Luquan County from north to south with a drop of 1,010 meters, serving as a major irrigation river for the county, with significant hydropower potential.
The section from Yongding Bridge in Fumin County to the mouth of the Jinsha River is considered the lower segment of Puduhe River, measuring 156.2 kilometers. Its main tributaries include Daying River, Longzhaba River, Zhangjiu River, Muban River, and Xima River. The upper and middle sections are located within the flat area of Kunming, while the lower sections are characterized by mountainous canyons, with a usable drop of 484 meters and hydropower potential of approximately 720,000 kilowatts, suitable for dam-based development.
Tributaries
The tributaries of Puduhe River mainly include three rivers: Zhangjiu River (掌鸠河) on the left bank, and Mangzhai River (蟒寨河) and Xima River on the right bank. Most tributaries originate from the plateau and plain areas, with small watershed areas, short lengths, and concentrated drops at the mouths where they join the main river. The average annual flow rate of Puduhe River is about 95 cubic meters per second, leading to a total annual runoff of 2.95 billion cubic meters. The major tributaries include Daying River, Luji River, Muban River, Qingshui River, and Zhangjiu River.
Summary
Puduhe River is a significant waterway in Yunnan, playing a crucial role in irrigation and hydropower generation. It flows through various scenic areas and contributes to the ecological balance in the region. The river’s tributaries also enhance the local water supply and support agricultural development.
Nanyang Overseas Chinese Jigong Anti-Japanese Monument (南洋华侨机工回国抗日纪念碑) is situated in Xishan Park (西山公园) in Kunming (昆明), Yunnan Province (云南省). Erected in 1989, this memorial stands 9 meters tall with a 3-meter pedestal. It commemorates the contributions of overseas Chinese workers during the anti-Japanese efforts in World War II.
During the war, over 3,200 young Chinese workers from Malaysia (马来西亚), Singapore (新加坡), and other regions formed the “Nanyang Overseas Chinese Workers Returning to Fight” service team to support their homeland. They played a crucial role in transporting military supplies and maintaining vehicles along the Burma Road (滇缅公路), significantly aiding the war effort. Tragically, more than 1,000 overseas Chinese lost their lives in this struggle. The inscription on the monument reads:
“Over three thousand overseas Chinese workers, with their lives, blood, and sweat, wrote a magnificent chapter in the history of overseas Chinese patriotism. They established an indelible achievement in the history of the Chinese Anti-Japanese War and the global anti-fascist war.”
Construction History
The events leading up to the monument’s creation began after the “July 7 Incident” (七·七事变) at the Marco Polo Bridge in 1937, which marked the start of Japan’s full-scale invasion of China. This invasion galvanized the nation, prompting a wave of solidarity among the Chinese people. Overseas Chinese also united against the aggressor, driven by patriotism and a desire for justice.
In 1939, under the leadership of Tan Kah Kee (陈嘉庚), the chairman of the Overseas Chinese Relief Association, many overseas Chinese responded to his call and returned to China to fight against the Japanese invaders. More than 3,000 dedicated overseas Chinese workers left their families behind and returned to their homeland, forming the “Nanyang Overseas Chinese Workers Team.” They committed themselves to the critical work of resisting Japanese aggression.
At that time, all coastal ports in China had been captured, and the war was at its most challenging phase. Yunnan served as a vital strategic base, acting as both a rear area and a frontline for the war. The only remaining international transportation route, the Burma Road, relied on the support of the world and overseas Chinese. Despite personal dangers, the workers transported military supplies day and night, assembled and repaired vehicles, and trained drivers and mechanics. Unfortunately, during this period, over 1,000 overseas Chinese lost their lives due to battles, accidents, and diseases.
Reasons for Construction
The monument was erected to honor the significant contributions made by the overseas Chinese workers who returned to fight in the Chinese Anti-Japanese War and the global anti-fascist war. The Yunnan Provincial People’s Government established the monument in May 1989 to ensure that future generations would remember and pay tribute to their sacrifices.
Main Exhibits
The monument is crafted from Han white jade (汉白玉), with the golden characters “Nanyang Overseas Chinese Workers Anti-Japanese Monument” prominently displayed. The base, made of ink stone (墨石) and Han white jade, is inscribed with the four characters “Chizi Gongxun” (赤子功勋). The upper front of the monument features an honor badge for the Nanyang Overseas Chinese Workers Returning to Fight, with four horizontal lines and four ink stone bases symbolizing the unity of 400 million compatriots in the anti-Japanese struggle.
The monument’s steps are seven levels high, commemorating July 7. Flanking the sides are two flags, with three “July 7” commemorative badges representing the dedication of the more than 3,000 overseas Chinese workers. The overall height of the monument is 9 meters, with a 3-meter pedestal, symbolizing the victory of September 3.
Next to the monument, there is a display room detailing the achievements of the Nanyang Overseas Chinese Workers during the anti-Japanese war. Each year, on the anniversary, visitors from home and abroad, including students and community members, come to pay their respects. The inscription on the monument serves as a powerful summary of the heroic efforts of the overseas Chinese workers:
“Over three thousand overseas Chinese workers, with their lives, blood, and sweat, wrote a magnificent chapter in the history of overseas Chinese patriotism. They established an indelible achievement in the history of the Chinese Anti-Japanese War and the global anti-fascist war.”
In 2005, another monument of the same name was constructed in the Wanding Economic Development Zone (畹町经济开发区) of Ruili City (瑞丽市), Yunnan Province. This monument stands 16 meters tall and features four golden horizontal bands at the top, representing 400 million compatriots during the war. The honor badge of the Nanyang workers is embedded within, symbolizing the united resistance of compatriots from both home and abroad. The three-tiered black base, measuring 6 meters wide and 3 meters high, signifies the victory of September 3.
Behind the monument is a long corridor of relief sculptures that depict the contributions of the Nanyang Overseas Chinese Workers during the war. The right side features the monument’s inscription, while the central reliefs illustrate the following themes: The Call to Arms, The Farewell, The Road Construction, The Iron Flow, The Fire Challenge, and The Victory. On the left side is a list of distinguished names of the Nanyang Overseas Chinese Workers. Below the reliefs is “Hundred Sparrows Painting” (百雀图), symbolizing the beautiful peacock homeland of Dehong (德宏). The six pillars at the front of the relief corridor represent the 60th anniversary of the victory of the anti-Japanese war.
All materials used for the construction and sculpture of the monument are sourced from world-renowned Fujian granite (福建花岗岩). The imposing red structure rises toward the sky, symbolizing the Chinese nation’s triumph over darkness and its journey toward enlightenment.
This tour offers you the chance to deeply appreciate the beauty of North-East Yunnan. You will climb up to Jiaozi Snow Mountain and Luoxiagou Valley in the famous Dongchuan Red Land,enjoying the bright red land with various crops, blue sky, white cloud and unpredictable light form the spectacular scenery. Travelers can view the most typical, lumped and featured red land in Yunnan.
Highlights:
- Featured Red Land: Dongchuan Rad Land is known as the ‘God’s Palette’, which is the most typical, lumped and featured red land in Yunnan.
- Snow Mountain: Jiaozi Snow Mountain is the first mountain in the middle of Yunnan, enjoying the fantastic icefalls, beautiful lakes and booming azalea flowers.
Brief Itinerary
- Day 1 Kunming-Jiaozi Snow Moutain-Dongchuan
- Day 2 Dongchuan-Kunming
Google Map
Detailed Itinerary
Day 1 Kunming-Jiaozi Snow Moutain-Dongchuan
Sightseeing and Activities: Dongchuan Red Land, Jiaozi Snow Mountain, Luoxiagou Valley
Accommodation: Dongchuan
Meals: Lunch
Pick you up at your hotel in downtown Kunming and drive to Jiaozi Snow Mountain.In winter and spring, the mountain is covered with pure white snow, with beautiful icefalls hanging from cliffs. In summer and autumn, the fragrant azalea flowers are in full blossom with bees humming and butterflies dancing around. In one word, scenery in the Jiaozi Snow Mountain is extraordinary.
After enjoying a 3 or 4 hours visiting and moutain climbing, we will drive to Dongchuan Red Land to enjoy the sunset of Luoxiagou Valley. Dongchuan Red Landis believed to hold the world’s most imposing red land and is even more magnificent than the one in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is the most massive red land with typical features of Yunnan plateau.
Day 2 Dongchuan-Kunming
Sightseeing and Activities: Damakan
Accommodation: Kunming
Meals: Breakfast
Get up in the early morning to enjoy the beautiful sunrise at Damakan. Then we will discover the Dongchuan red land area and explore the local villages. This is a stunning natural multicolor landscape. Red, green, white and yellow are matched into rolling rainbow ribbons stretching to sky.
In the afternoon, drive back to Kunming. Service ends.
Recommended Hotels
| Destination | 5 Star | 4 Star | 3 Star | Hostel |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dongchuan | / | Shanju Hotel | Spring and Autumn Hotel | Jvying Guesthouse |
Service Included:
- Admission fees for all of the sightseeing spots listed in the itinerary;
- Meals as listed in the itinerary;
- Accommodation with breakfast as listed in the itinerary;
- Private English-speaking tour guide and vehicle for transfers & sightseeing;
- Service charge & government taxes;
- Luggage transfers between airports and hotels;
- Two bottles of mineral water each day.
Service Excluded:
- Any arrival and departure international airfares or train tickets;
Chinese visa fees; - Excess baggage charged by Airlines;
- Tips to guides and drivers;
- Personal expenses and gratuities to service staff;
- Personal travel insurance;
- All optional programs;
- Domestic flight/train not listed in the itinerary. (We can provide you the domestic flight/train ticket booking service at the BEST discount price; please contact us our travel experts for the details.)
Tibetan ethnic group in Yunnan has a population of 140,000, primarily residing in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (迪庆藏族自治州), with smaller communities scattered in Yulong (玉龙), Gongshan (贡山), Yongsheng (永胜), Ninglang (宁蒗), and other counties. Tibetan culture is rich and diverse, featuring its own language and writing system. The Tibetan people mainly practice Tibetan Buddhism, and the color white is considered a symbol of purity. A signature Tibetan gesture of respect is offering a “Hada” (哈达), a white ceremonial scarf. Major Tibetan festivals include the Tibetan New Year (藏历年), Danba Rigu (丹巴日古), Ongqu Festival (昂曲节), and Gendong Festival (格冬节). Tibetans are known for their distinct butter tea, a staple of their unique tea culture. Tibetan folk songs and dances like “Reba” (热巴), “Guozhuang” (锅庄), and “Xianzi” (弦子) are full of life, energy, and the vitality of the highland region.
Tibetan Architecture in Yunnan
Tibetan architecture is a shining jewel in the treasure trove of Tibetan culture, a reflection of the harmony between human habitation and the natural environment. It carries both ecological and aesthetic value. In Yunnan, Tibetan homes can be divided into two main types due to the different geographical landscapes: high mountain and river valley dwellings.
The high mountain dwellings, typically found in the grassland areas, feature wooden structures with three walls made of earth, creating warm, stable two-story houses that remain cool in the summer and warm in the winter. The river valley dwellings, found along riverbanks, are often built with stone or earth, and are typically three stories high. The first floor is used as a stable or storage space, the second floor for living, and the third as a drying area. The design is sturdy and simple, showcasing a rustic beauty. These buildings are a perfect reflection of the Tibetan way of life, shaped by the environment they inhabit.
Tibetan Clothing and Culture
Tibetan clothing, a vital part of their cultural heritage, is vibrant and diverse, with different regions displaying distinct styles. Traditional Tibetan attire features long sleeves, wide belts, and tall boots. The long-sleeved, wide-waisted robes are a common feature, but the specific designs vary by region. Men typically wear long robes with a right-sided opening, secured with a wide leather belt. They often carry amulets, beautifully crafted silver-sheathed knives, and other accessories. Women’s clothing varies by season—long-sleeved robes in winter and sleeveless robes in summer, with brightly colored shirts underneath. Tibetan women also wear beautifully patterned aprons, which are tied at the waist.
The Significance of the Hada
Tibetans hold the “Hada” (哈达) in high regard, considering it a precious gift. The Hada is a white woven scarf, usually about 20–30 centimeters wide and one to two meters long, made of silk or gauze. It is a symbol of respect and goodwill, offered during important ceremonies, when visiting elders, or when receiving guests.
Butter Tea: A Cultural Staple
When people think of the Tibetan ethnic group, one of the first things that comes to mind is butter tea! In the cold Tibetan region, butter helps people stay warm, while tea aids in digestion. The combination of these two essential elements over time gave rise to the unique “butter tea culture” that is now ingrained in Tibetan social and ceremonial life. Butter tea is served during tea gatherings, weddings, and festivals, and it holds a special place in Tibetan hearts.
Every morning, the sound of butter tea being churned fills Tibetan villages, signaling the start of a new day. After finishing their prayers, Tibetans often sit down to a hot bowl of butter tea paired with “tsampa” (糌粑), a simple and delicious breakfast. The Zhongdian County Chronicle notes, “Upon seeing butter tea, Tibetans feel joy in their hearts; once they taste it, all their worries, fatigue, and fears melt away as if they had sipped the nectar of Buddha.” This quote illustrates the deep affection Tibetans have for butter tea. Would you like to try some?
Quote from Zhongdian County Chronicle: “藏胞看到酥油茶，其胸中已有悦乐，若一入口，则其辛苦忧郁恐惧疑惑完全冰解，如饮我佛甘露焉。”
Tibetan Song and Dance
Tibetan dance forms in Yunnan are represented by three major systems: Guozhuang (锅庄), Xianzi (弦子), and Tap Dance (踢踏). Their unique bell and drum dances are also famous. Tibetan folk dances involve rhythmic, coordinated movements that bring out the energy and beauty of the highland life. Traditional Tibetan songs are bold, bright, and melodious, and they frequently echo the themes of nature and daily life. When combined with dance, these performances are uplifting, fast-paced, and brimming with vitality. Tibetan song and dance is a dynamic and representative form of expression, filled with joy and warmth.
Tibetan Village in Yunnan Ethnic Villages
The Tibetan Village in Yunnan Ethnic Villages, located in Kunming’s Xishan District on Dianchi Road, spans 21 acres. The village showcases traditional Tibetan architecture, with sloped-roof houses from the Zhongdian area and flat-roofed tower houses from Deqin (德钦). The architecture beautifully demonstrates the distinct styles of Tibetan buildings, including the sacred Tibetan Buddhist temple and a grand welcoming white tower, which symbolizes harmony and peace. There is also a striking sculpture of a “White Yak” (白牦牛), a symbol of auspiciousness.
At this Tibetan village, visitors can immerse themselves in Tibetan culture and lifestyle. They will learn about the Tibetan language and script, the strong influence of Tibetan Buddhism, and how the color white symbolizes purity. Visitors can also experience the traditional Tibetan custom of offering Hada, and witness various festivals like the Tibetan New Year, Danba Rigu, and Ongqu Festival. Guests can also enjoy a taste of traditional butter tea and experience the lively and powerful Tibetan dances such as Reba, Guozhuang, and Xianzi, which vividly capture the vitality of Tibetan life.
Overall, the Tibetan Village in Yunnan Ethnic Villages is a culturally rich destination that allows visitors to appreciate not only the stunning landscapes but also the depth of Tibetan history and traditions. For those interested in cultural exploration or a deeper understanding of different ethnic groups, this is a must-visit location.
Location:
The Naxi Ethnic Minority Village (纳西族村) is one of the unique villages featured in the Yunnan Ethnic Villages (云南民族村) located in Kunming, Yunnan Province. This village showcases the rich culture, architecture, and traditions of the Naxi people (纳西族), one of the distinct ethnic groups native to Yunnan.
Overview of the Naxi Ethnic Minority
The Naxi ethnic group (纳西族) has a population of 310,000, primarily concentrated in the Yulong Naxi Autonomous County (玉龙纳西族自治县) in Lijiang City (丽江市). Small populations also inhabit surrounding counties. The Naxi people are well-known for their unique culture and traditions, including the Dongba script (东巴文), which is regarded as a “living fossil” of pictographic writing. This ancient writing system is still in use today in certain Naxi communities.
One of the most important texts written in Dongba script is the “Dongba Scripture” (东巴经), which serves as an encyclopedic record of the Naxi people’s history, culture, and beliefs.
Naxi Ancient Music
Naxi ancient music (纳西古乐) is another highlight of the Naxi culture. It blends ancient melodies from Central China’s Taoist music (洞经音乐) with Naxi rhythms and has become a precious gem in ethnic music.
Festivals and Celebrations
The Naxi people celebrate numerous traditional festivals, with the most significant being the Sanduo Festival (三朵节). “Sanduo” (三朵) is the guardian deity worshipped by the entire Naxi ethnic group, also known as “Apu Sanduo” (阿普三朵), meaning “Ancestor (or Grandfather) Sanduo.” According to legend, Sanduo was a warrior deity born under the sign of the sheep. On the eighth day of the second lunar month and during the sheep day of the eighth lunar month, people from surrounding areas gather at the Sanduo Pavilion (三朵阁) to burn incense and worship the god.
In the past, all Naxi people embarking on long journeys would visit the Sanduo Pavilion to pray for the deity’s protection. Since 1987, the Sanduo Festival, held on the eighth day of the second lunar month, has been recognized as the official ethnic festival of the Naxi people.
In addition to the Sanduo Festival, the Naxi people celebrate other traditional festivals such as:
- Torch Festival (火把节)
- July Mule and Horse Fair (七月骡马会)
- Bao Burning Festival (烧包节)
Other local Naxi communities also hold various cultural events, such as the Baishuitai Gathering (白水台会) in Sanba Township (三坝乡) in Shangri-La (香格里拉), and the Mosuo people’s (摩梭人) Goddess Mountain Festival (祭干木女神山) in Yongning (永宁).
Architectural Highlights in the Naxi Village
The Naxi Ethnic Minority Village in Yunnan Ethnic Villages covers an area of 49.5 mu (about 8.2 acres). At the village entrance, visitors are greeted by a statue of the Naxi protector deity, Sanduo (三朵), along with a large relief wall depicting scenes from the Creation of the World (创世纪).
The village’s architectural features reflect the traditional Naxi building style. Key structures include:
- Three Rooms and One Wall Screen Pavilion (三坊一照壁雅阁), a symbol of Naxi courtyard-style homes with colorful paintings and intricate wooden carvings.
- Residential Courtyard (民居院), showcasing traditional Naxi living spaces.
- Flower Horse Pavilion (花马坊), highlighting the Naxi culture’s connection with horse trading.
- Craft Building (工艺楼), a representation of Naxi craftsmanship.
- Corridor Houses (廊房), illustrating traditional Naxi residential architecture.
At the center of the village is the Sifang Street (四方街), a square enclosed by these key buildings, vividly demonstrating the architectural elegance and unique structural style of the Naxi ethnic group.
Location:
Kunming Changshui International Airport(昆明长水国际机场) is located in Changshui Village, Guandu District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province. It is operated and managed by Yunnan Airport Group Co., Ltd. and is one of the top 100 airports in the world. We provide tourists with detailed flight information. Click Kunming Transportation to learn more information.
Domestic and international Cities & Flights to Kunming City
Located in the southwest part of China, Kunming is the entrance to Southeast Asia countries, there are a lot of flight from most of domestic cities and the cities of neighbouring countries.
Domestic Flights:
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Airlines(航空公司) |
Waypoint(航点) |
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China Eastern Airlines |
Beijing(北京)、Shanghai(上海)、Guangzhou(广州)、Liuzhou(柳州)、Anshun(安顺)、Baoshan(保山)、Baotou(包头)、Beihai(北海)、Changchun((长春))、Changsha(长沙)、Chengdu(成都)、Chongqing(重庆)、Dali(大理)、Dalian(大连)、Eerduosi(鄂尔多斯)、Fuzhou(福州)、Guilin(桂林)、Harbin(哈尔滨)、Haikouo(海口)、Hangzhou(杭州)、Hefei(合肥)、Hengyang(衡阳)、Huangshan(黄山)、Jinan(济南)、Jieyang(揭阳)、Lhasa(拉萨)、Lanzhou(兰州)、Lijiang(丽江)、Lincang(临沧)、Liupanshui(六盘水)、Luzhou(泸州)、Luoyang(洛阳)、Mangshi(芒市)、Nanchang(南昌)、Nanchong(南充)、Nanjing(南京)、Nanning(南宁)、Ningbo(宁波)、Puer(普洱)、Qinjiang黔江、Qingdao(青岛)、Sanya(三亚)、Shenyang(沈阳)、Shenzhen(深圳)、Taiyuan(太原)、Tengchong(腾冲)、Tianijn(天津)、Tongren(铜仁)、Wenshan(文山)、Wenzhou(温州)、Wuhan(武汉)、Wulumuqi(乌鲁木齐)、Wixi(无锡)、Xian(西安)、Xichang(西昌)、Xining(西宁)、Xishuangbanna(西双版纳)、Xiamen(厦门)、Shangri-la(香格里拉)、Xingyi(兴义)、Yancheng(盐城)、Yibing(宜宾) 、Yichang(宜昌)、Yingchuan(银川)、Yongzhou(永州)、Yulin(榆林)、Zhaotong(昭通)、Zhanjiang(湛江)、Zhengzhou(郑州) |
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Air China |
Beijing(北京)、Shanghai(上海)、Guangzhou(广州)、Changsha(长沙)、Chengdu(成都)、Chongqing(重庆)、Dazhou(达州)、Harbin(哈尔滨)、Hangzhou(杭州)、Qingdao(青岛)、Shenyang(沈阳)、Shenzhen(深圳)、Tianjin(天津)、Wenzhou(温州)、Xian(西安)、Xiamen(厦门)、Yuncheng(运城)、Zhenzhou(郑州) |
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China Southern Airlines |
Beijing(北京)、Shanghai(上海)、Guangzhou(广州)、Changchun(长春)、Changsha(长沙)、Chongqing(重庆)、Dalian(大连)、Guilin(桂林)、Guiyang(贵阳)、Harbin(哈尔滨)、Haikou(海口)、Hangzhou(杭州)、Jieyang(揭阳)、Lijiang(丽江)、Nannig(南宁)、Quanzhou(泉州)、Sanya(三亚)、Shenyang(沈阳)、Shenzhen(深圳)、Wenshan(文山)、Wuhan(武汉)、Wulumuqi(乌鲁木齐)、Xian(西安)、XIshuangbanna(西双版纳)、Xuzhou(徐州)、Yiwu(义乌)、Zhenzhou(郑州)、Zhuhai(珠海) |
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Xiangpeng Airlines |
Beijing(北京)、Shanghai(上海)、Anqing安庆、Changsha(长沙)、Chengdu(成都)、Chongqing(重庆)、Dali(大理)、Dalian(大连)、Datong大同、Fuzhou(福州)、Ganzhou(赣州)、Harbin(哈尔滨)、Haikou(海口)、Hangzhou(杭州)、Hefei(合肥)、Huaian(淮安)、Huhehaote呼和浩特、Jinan(济南)、Lanzhou(兰州)、Lijiang(丽江)、Mangshi(芒市)、Nanchang(南昌)、Nanjing(南京)、Nanning(南宁)、Ningbo(宁波)、Ninglang宁蒗、Puer(普洱)、Qingddao(青岛)、Sanya(三亚)、Shenyang(沈阳)、Shenzhen(深圳)、Shijiazhuang(石家庄)、Taiyuan(太原)、Tengchong(腾冲)、Tianjin(天津)、Wenzhou(温州)、Wuhan(武汉)、Wulumuqi(乌鲁木齐)、Xian(西安)、Xishuangbanna(西双版纳)、Xiamen(厦门)﹑Shagri-la(香格里拉)、Xuzhou(徐州)、Yichuang(宜昌)、Yichun宜春、Yinchuan(银川)、Zhenzhou(郑州)、Zhuhai(珠海) |
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Kunming Airlines |
Beijing(北京)、Shanghai(上海)、Guangzhou(广州)、Changchun(长春)、Changsha(长沙)、Chanzhou(常州)、Chengdu(成都)、Chongqing(重庆)、Dalian(大连)、Hangzhou(杭州)、Harbin(哈尔滨)、Hefei(合肥)、Huizhou惠州、Jinan(济南)、Lijiang(丽江)、Lincang(临沧)、Mangshi(芒市)、Mianyang(绵阳)、Nanjing(南京)、Nanning(南宁)、Nantong(南通)、Qinggdao(青岛)、Shenzhen(深圳)、Shijiazhuang(石家庄)、Taiyuan(太原)、Taizhou((台州))、(腾冲)、Xian(西安)、Xishuangbanna(西双版纳)、Xiamen(厦门)、Yangzhou(扬州)、Yunchen(运城)、Zhenzhou(郑州) |
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Sichuan Airlnes |
Beijing(北京)、Shanghai(上海)、Guangzhou(广州)、Changzhou(长春)、Changsha(长沙)、Changzhou(常州)、Chendu(成都)、Chongqing(重庆)、Dalian(大连)、Fuzhou(福州)、Hangzhou(杭州)、Harbin(哈尔滨)、Jinan(济南)、Lanzhou(兰州)、Lijiang(丽江)、Nanchang(南昌)、Nanjing(南京)、Nanning(南宁)、Ningbo(宁波)、Qingdao(青岛)、Shenyang(沈阳)、Shijiazhuang(石家庄)、Taiyuan(太原)、Wanzhou(万州)、Wenzhou(温州)、Wulumuqi(乌鲁木齐)、Wuxi(无锡)、Xian(西安)、Xishuangbanna(西双版纳)、Xuzhou(徐州)、Yinchuan(银川)、Zhenzhou(郑州) |
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Ruili Airlines |
Beihai(北海)、Changzhi(长治)、Chengdu(成都)、Chongqing(重庆)、Guilin(桂林)、Huhehaote呼和浩特、Jinan(济南)、Lanzhou(兰州)、Lijiang(丽江)、Nanchang(南昌)、Mangshi(芒市)、Qingdao(青岛)、Shenyang(沈阳)、Taiyuan(太原)、Wuhan(武汉)、Tianjin(天津)、Wenzhou(温州)、Xian(西安)、Xishuangbanna(西双版纳)、Xiangyang(襄阳) |
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Hainan Airlines |
Beijing(北京)、Harbin(哈尔滨)、Haikou(海口)、Lanzhou(兰州)、Ningbo(宁波)、Shenzhen(深圳)、Xian(西安)、Xishuangbanna(西双版纳) |
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Shenzhen Airlines |
Beijing(北京)、Guangzhou(广州)、Nanchang(南昌)、Nanjing(南京)、Quanzhou(泉州)、Shenyang(沈阳)、Shenzhen(深圳)、Taiyuan(太原)、Wuhan(武汉)、Wuxi(无锡)、Xian(西安)、Yangzhou(扬州)、Zhenzhou(郑州) |
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Spring Airlines |
Changchun((长春))、Changde(常德)、Changzhou(常州)、Huaihua(怀化)、Mianyang(绵阳)、Nanchang(南昌)、ShanghaiShanghai(上海)、Shenyang(沈阳)、Shijiazhuang(石家庄)、Tianjin(天津)、Zunyi(遵义) |
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Xiamen Airlines |
Fuzhou(福州)、Guiyang(贵阳)、Hangzhou(杭州)、Nanchang(南昌)、Quanzzhou(泉州)、Wuhan(武汉)、Xiamen(厦门) |
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Shanghai Airlines |
Changsha(长沙)、Hengyang(衡阳)、ShanghaiShanghai(上海)、Xishuangbanna(西双版纳) |
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Shandong Airlines |
Beijing(北京)、Chongqing(重庆)、Hangzhou(杭州)、Jinan(济南)、Nanjing(南京)、Qingdao(青岛)、Shenyang(沈阳)、Tianjin(天津)、Wulumuqi(乌鲁木齐)、Xishuangbanna(西双版纳)、Xiamen(厦门)、Yantai(烟台) |
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Okay Airlines |
Changasha(长沙)、Hefei(合肥)、Nanjing(南京)、Tianjin(天津)、Xishuangbanna(西双版纳)、Yulin(榆林) |
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Capital Airlines |
Haikou(海口)、Hangzhou(杭州)、Lijiang(丽江)、Mangshi(芒市)、Xishuangbanna(西双版纳) |
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Chengdu Airlines |
Beihai(北海)、Changsha(长沙)、Chengdu(成都)、Liuzhou(柳州)、Xishuang(西双版纳)、Xiamen(厦门) |
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Juneyao Airlines |
Bijie(毕节)、Hangzhou(杭州)、Harbin(哈尔滨)、Nanjing(南京)、ShanghaiShanghai(上海)、Zhnagjiajie(张家界) |
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Chongqing Airlines |
Chongqing(重庆) |
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West Air西部航空 |
Chongqing(重庆)、Xishuangbanna(西双版纳) |
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Tianjin Airlines |
Nanning(南宁)、Tianjin(天津)、Xian(西安) |
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China Express Airlines |
Dalian(大连)、Guiyang(贵阳)、Nanyang(南阳)、Shiyan(十堰)、Tianjin(天津) |
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Hebei Airlines |
Shijiazhuang(石家庄) |
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China United Airlines |
BeijingBeijing(北京)、Foshan(佛山)、Shijiazhuang(石家庄) |
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Tibet Airlines |
Chengdu(成都)、Lhasa(拉萨)、Shhenzhen(深圳)、Tianjin(天津) |
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Fuzhou Airlines |
Fuzhou(福州) |
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Donghai Airlines |
Changsha(长沙)、Shenzhen(深圳) |
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Changsha Airlines |
Hangzhou(杭州)、Xuzhou(徐州)、Yulin(榆林) |
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Qinghai Airlines |
Qingdao(青岛) |
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Hongtu Airlines |
Changchun(长春)、Linqi(临沂)、Nanchang(南昌)、Zhenzhou(郑州) |
International Flighs:
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Airlines(航空公司) |
Waypoints(航点) |
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China Eastern Airlines |
Hong Kong(香港), Taipei(台北), Seoul(首尔), Osaka(大阪), Singapore(新加坡), Bangkok(曼谷), Chiang Mai(清迈), Chiang Lai清莱, Phuket(普吉), Hanoi(河内), Da Nang(岘港), Ho Chi Minh City(胡志明市), Vientiane(万象), Phnom Penh(金边), Siem Reap(暹粒), Yangon(仰光), Naypyidaw(内比都), Mandalay(曼德勒), Calcutta(加尔各答), Dhaka(达卡), Colombo(科伦坡), Mal é(马累), Kathmandu(加德满都), Dubai(迪拜), Paris(巴黎), Vancouver(温哥华), Sydney(悉尼), San Francisco(旧金山) |
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China Southern Airlines |
Islamabad(伊斯兰堡) |
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Air China |
Rangoon(仰光) |
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Xiangpeng Airlines |
Taichung(台中), Bangkok(曼谷), Phuket(普吉), Koh Mui(苏梅岛), Karmi(甲米), Nazhuang(芽庄), Sabah(沙巴), Sihanouk(西哈努克), Cheju(济州). |
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Shandong Airlines 山东航空 |
Delhi(德里), Bangkok(曼谷), New Delhi(新德里) |
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Sichuan Airlines |
Taipei(台北) |
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Hong Kong Express Airways |
Hong Kong(香港) |
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Hong Kong Dragon Airlines |
Hong Kong(香港) |
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Cathay Pacific Airlines |
Hong Kong(香港) |
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Uni Airlines |
Gaoxiong(高雄) |
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Silk Air |
Singapore(新加坡) |
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Singapore Airline |
Singapore(新加坡) |
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Thai Air International |
Mangkok(曼谷)、Chiag Mai(清迈) |
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Airasia Airlines |
Kuala Lumpur(吉隆坡)、Bangkok(曼谷) |
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Tonle Sap Airline |
Siem Rea(暹粒) |
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Lao Airlines |
Vientiane(万象), Luang Prabang(琅勃拉邦) |
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Korean Air |
Seoul (首尔) |
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Easter Jet |
Cheju(济州) |
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Vietnam Express Airlines |
Nha Tra(芽庄) |
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Srilankan Airlnes |
Colombo(科伦坡) |
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Indonesian City Express Airlines |
Bali(巴厘岛) |
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Orenburg Russia Airlines |
Moscow(莫斯科) |
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Cambodia Skywing Asia Airlines |
Siem Reap (暹粒) |
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Cambodian Sky Angkor Airlines |
Sihanouk(西哈努克) |
Dianhong Black Tea and Puer Tea are two famous teas in Yunnan Province and China. Discoving Puer Tea and Dianhong Black Tea culture is an unique and special activity in Yunnan. The mysterious tea culture in Yunnan will make your tour memorable. For this tour, you can step into some famous tea plantations, tea factories and learn more about the history, development and tea-making process of Dianhong Black tea and Puer tea.
Highlights
- Visit dam, hydropower station and ancient tea trees.
- Eeperience tea factory, plantations and Dianhong Blak Tea culture.
- Enjoy local ethnic cultures in local towns.
Brief Itinerary
- Day 1: Dali – Nanjian – Fengqing
- Day 2: Fengqing – Dali
Detailed Itinerary
Day 1 Dali-Nanjian-Fengqing
Sightseeing and Activities:Nanjian Tulin Tea Factory, Xiaowan Dam, Xiangzhuqing Ancient Tea Trees
Accommodation:Fengqing
Meals:L
Drive to Nanjian.Visit Nanjian Tulin Tea Factory and see their processing procedures of Puer tea.
Then have a stop to visit Xiaowan Dam and hydropower station on the way to Fengqing County.
Continue the driving to Xiangzhuqing village in Xiaowan township of Fengqing County. In the late afternoon, pay a visit to Xiangzhuqing Ancient Tea Trees（香竹箐古茶树）. In Xiangzhuqing village, lies a massive, ancient tree. Colloquially referred to as the Mother tea tree, this magnificent giant is about 35 feet tall (which is extremely tall for a tea tree), and is so wide that it’s said that it takes eight people holding outstretched hands to full surround the tree. Besides her gargantuan size, this tree is also remarkable for its unmatched history. This ancient tree is recorded as being over 3,200 years old, it is called “the Mother of Tea Trees”. Now, it is protected and fenced by the local government.
Stay overnight in Fengqing County.
Day 2 Fengqing-Dali
Sightseeing and Activities:Dianhong Black Tea Factory, Xiashan, Dali Old Town
Accommodation:
Meals:B,L
Drive to visit Dianhong Black Tea Factory and tea plantations.
Then drive to Xiashan. Visit an organic Pu’er tea factory.
In the afternoon, drive back to Dali. Enjoy your free time in Dali Old Town, walk around the Foreigner Street and enjoy the relax time with local people.
Recommended Hotels
| Destination | 5 Star | 4 Star | 3 Star | Hostels |
| Fengqing | / | Fengqing Dianhong Hotel | Fengqing Huayuan Hotel | / |
Service Included:
- Admission fees for all of the sightseeing spots listed in the itinerary;
- Meals as listed in the itinerary;
- Hotels as listed in the itinerary;
- Private English-speaking tour guide;
- Private vehicle for transfers & sightseeing with skilled driver;
- Service charge & government taxes;
Service Excluded:
- Any arrival and departure international airfares or train tickets;
- Chinese visa fees;
- Excess baggage charged by Airlines;
- Single room supplement;
- Tips to guides and drivers;
- Personal expenses and gratuities to service staff;
- Personal travel accident insurance;
- All optional programs.
Dr Ho ‘goes to the mountains’ after a lifetime of international renown.The life of a traditional Chinese medicine practitioner from a small village in southwest China is being celebrated after he died last week at 97.
He Shixiu, a member of the Naxi ethnic group from the foothills of the Himalayas, earned international fame as “Dr Ho” after he was “discovered” by British travel writer Bruce Chatwin, who left Hong Kong for Lijiang, in southwest China, in autumn 1985.
Dr Ho subsequently featured in a host of articles and guidebooks, and was on the itinerary for countless backpackers visiting his native Yunnan province. British actor and travel programme host Michael Palin, of Monty Python fame, also visited him when researching his Himalaya series for the BBC.
Beijing-based writer Thomas Bird met Dr Ho last autumn while on an assignment for the South China Morning Post .
At 7.30am on August 31, legendary Naxi doctor He Shixiu, known to the world as Dr Ho, died at his home in Baisha. He was 97.
The provincial medical journal Yunnan TCM published an editorial beneath a picture of a lighted candle as a tribute to the late doctor.
“He Shixiu had high medical standards and exquisite medical skills. He was known locally as the God Doctor of the Snow Mountain,” the editorial said. “Proficient in foreign languages, he made a unique contribution to the promotion of Chinese medicine. His death is a major loss. Here, on behalf of the institute, we would like to express our deep condolences to He Shixiu’s family.”
Born in Lijiang during the Mid-Autumn Day in 1921, Dr Ho led a long and eventful life.
As a youth, he learned English from his father’s friend, the legendary Austrian-American botanist and explorer Joseph Rock, who lived in Lijiang from 1922 until he was forced out after the communist victory in 1949.
But Dr Ho had far more than keen linguistic skills.
He was among the first batch of students from Lijiang to go to university in Nanjing in 1944, where he first majored in naval mechanical engineering before switching to the foreign languages department.
“There I read a lot of foreign medical literature,” he would often tell visitors of his nascent interest in medicine.
Dr Ho returned to Lijiang a rare intellectual, holding prestigious jobs such as English teacher at the Lijiang District School of Business and Finance.
But by the 1960s his intellectual pretensions and knowledge of the West made Dr Ho suspect in the political climate of the Cultural Revolution and he was sent to reform through labour in the countryside.
He used his time in rural exile wisely, drawing on the inspiration of his father, a Naxi healer, and his friendship with Rock.
“I spent many years studying the herbs and plants growing throughout the plains and valleys,” he later recalled. “Nearly every year I collected medical materials for local hospitals. Eventually I cured myself and then was able to cure the people in my village too.”
In the 1980s, China’s ideological U-turn saw Dr Ho rehabilitated. By the time the British travel writer Bruce Chatwin stumbled on his home village of Baisha, “Dr Ho” – as Chatwin would call him in an article for The New York Times – was a respected medical practitioner celebrating the birth of his first grandchild He Deshou.
“We were asking around about Joseph Rock and were led to the doctor,” said Chatwin’s photographer Magnus Bartlett, 75. “He instantly charmed the entire party, he was incredibly welcoming, introducing us to his family and producing an enormous meal out of nowhere. He had an aura, a chi force. In a strange way, meeting him was better than meeting Rock. He was more authentic.”
Johnson Chang, Chatwin’s translator on the 1985 expedition, said “there were no foreigners in Lijiang for sure” at the time.
“Dr Ho was somehow a local cosmopolitan and Bruce became very attached.”
Chatwin had the uncanny knack of changing a place just by visiting it. Legions of fans set off to Argentina and Australia brandishing moth-eaten copies of In Patagonia and The Songlines.
And so it was with Lijiang, the remote Naxi town in Yunnan he visited in 1985 to research the story In China, Rock’s Kingdom.
Chatwin was on the trail of Rock, but it was “the Taoist doctor in the Jade Dragon Mountain” in Baisha that would steal the writer’s romantic gaze.
By the 1990s every guidebook listed Dr Ho’s practice. The family erected a shrine dedicated to its growing circle of celebrity followers and benefactors.
Comedian-turned-travel show host Michael Palin featured the doctor in his 2004 television series Himalaya. His online diary recalls their meeting: “The walls of the front room are adorned with hundreds of visiting cards as well as pictures of Mao, the queen, Princess Di and Deng Xiaoping. Several of Bruce Chatwin’s books, in plastic wrapping, hang from the ceiling like holy relics … I’m aware of other visitors hovering – a French girl, two Japanese and two Australian doctors, who tell me they are here to discuss Dr Ho’s treatment of prostate cancer.”
This could have been an account of my experiences. I first cycled from Lijiang to Baisha in 2006 with my father, who was recovering from an illness at the time. After waiting for other international clientele – mostly backpackers – to pass through, we finally got an audience with the legendary Dr Ho.
The doctor was engaging, his English impeccable, his energy irrepressible, despite being in his 80s by that time. He was keen to show off his collection of foreign knick-knacks and reminded us to “never smoke, drink, gamble or eat pork” before mixing up a bag of herbs to aid my father’s recovery.
When I returned in 2017, Lijiang had grown exponentially. Resorts now flanked the country road that led to Baisha though Ho’s village remained largely unchanged.
I was retracing Chatwin’s footsteps for a Post Magazine feature, and was keen to meet the doctor again. But Ho was frail, his hearing faltering, his son forced to translate much of what I said into the Naxi language.
Liming is a very small town that is gateway to both Laojunshan National Park and some of the best rock climbing spots in China. It’s a place equally suited for an overnight trip for some casual hiking or a multi-week rock climbing or backpacking adventure. While the area surrounding the village is largely a mixture of forest, grazing land and farms set amidst gleaming pink sandstone bluffs, snow-covered mountains beckon on the horizon to the west.
Dagu Niuzhai Mountain (大牯牛寨) is located at the border between Dongchuan District (东川区) in Kunming and Huize County (会泽县) in Qujing City (曲靖市), Yunnan Province. It is part of the Wumeng Mountain Range (乌蒙山脉) and was first successfully climbed by the Kunming Mountaineering and Exploration Association in 1990. The name “Dahai” (大海) is a transliteration of the Yi language word “Da Qi Bai” (达七摆), which means “above the steps.” The highest point of these “steps” is Dagu Niuzhai Peak, which reaches an impressive altitude of 4,017.3 meters. In contrast, the elevation at the Xiaojiang River (小江) is only around 1,100 meters, creating a dramatic vertical drop of nearly 3,000 meters. The mountain features gentle slopes and vast, open high-altitude meadows typical of subalpine landscapes.
Historical Significance
According to the Gazetteer of Dongchuan Prefecture (东川府志), Dagu Niuzhai Mountain was described as:
“Steep ridges and towering peaks, often shrouded in clouds. On clear days, the lush greenery is visible from hundreds of miles across central Yunnan.”
While the summit may not evoke the sense of surveying “all under heaven,” the grandeur and power of the landscape naturally inspire pride.
Original text:
“垂冈绝巘，危峰矗立，常有云气覆之，每天晴日朗，苍翠欲滴，滇中四五百里皆见之”
Climate and Features
The vertical height difference on Dagu Niuzhai Mountain results in a varied climate, often described as “four seasons on one mountain.” One of the most famous features is the western slope, where the Xiaojiang Mudslide Area (小江泥石流区) is located. This area, including Jiangjiagou (蒋家沟), is known for large-scale mudslides, a rare geological phenomenon both in China and internationally.
On the eastern slope of the mountain, the scenery transforms into a verdant, tranquil landscape. Crystal-clear spring water flows year-round, and vast stretches of green grass cover the land like a natural carpet. The expansive meadows, often dotted with herders, are home to flocks of sheep that are carefully guided by shepherds wearing white felt robes and carrying slender wooden staffs.
Unique Mountain Landscape
During the summer months, the steep cliffs of Dagu Niuzhai Mountain are a nesting site for thousands of swifts (雨燕). These birds contribute to the area’s beauty while providing local farmers with thousands of kilograms of swift guano, a valuable fertilizer used for growing crops like potatoes and oats. Watching the swifts leave their nests in the morning is a mesmerizing experience; their soft calls fill the air as they rise like smoke from the cliffs. In the evening, as the sunset paints the mountain in golden hues, the swifts return, forming dark clouds as they settle back onto the cliffside.
The mountain’s lush meadows are home to over 200 species of pasture grasses, which, combined with abundant water, ensure the health of local cattle and sheep. In the spring and summer, vibrant wildflowers bloom across the landscape, creating a breathtakingly beautiful scene. Surrounded by greenery, flowers, streams, and grazing animals, you will find a sense of peace and escape from the noise and stress of city life.
In the autumn and winter, the mountain is often enveloped in mist, and when the snow begins to fall, it blankets the surrounding peaks, creating a seamless and ethereal vision of white, which leaves visitors enchanted.
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