Overview
Wenquan Cliff Inscriptions, located in Anning City (安宁市), Yunnan Province (云南省), are a significant group of stone carvings from the Ming Dynasty (明朝) to the Republic of China (民国时期). These inscriptions are situated on Yiqing Road (一清路) in the Wenquan community (温泉社区) of Wenquan Street (温泉街道). They were designated as a key national cultural relic protection unit by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China in October 2019.
Historical Background
The Wenquan area is situated along the Tanglang River (螳螂川), about 7 kilometers north of Anning City. It lies between Longshan (龙山) and Fengshan (凤山) mountains, known for its natural hot springs. The hot spring’s historical significance dates back to the Eastern Han Dynasty (东汉), specifically to the year 56 AD when it was discovered by the famous general Su Wenda (苏文达). Historical texts, such as the “Yuan Hunyi Fang Yulansheng” (元混一方舆览胜), have documented that Anning had the most hot springs among various districts in Yunnan.
From the Han Dynasty (汉代) to the Ming and Qing Dynasties (明清), visitors to the Wenquan area left behind a wealth of historical and cultural information on the surrounding cliffs. Over the years, the landscape has changed, and the cliff inscriptions have risen closer to the ground due to road construction during the Republic of China period.
Description of the Inscriptions
The Wenquan Cliff Inscriptions comprise more than 170 pieces of text and pictorial engravings spanning over 320 years, mainly from the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the Republic of China. These inscriptions are located on a 600-meter-long, 20-meter-high cliff wall. The area is divided into three sections: the first two are separated by the Kunming Cadres Sanatorium, and the third is within the Long family villa (龙氏别墅).
The inscriptions include six from the Ming Dynasty and over 160 from the Qing and Republican periods. The earliest inscription is the phrase “Ting Quan” (听泉), written by He Mengchun (何孟春), a Vice Minister of the Right who governed Yunnan in 1521 during the Ming Zhengde period. Another notable inscription is “Bu Ke Bu Yin” (不可不饮) by Yang Shen (杨慎), a famous scholar.
Artistic Features
The Wenquan Cliff Inscriptions are notable for their diversity in content, which includes scenic names, couplets, poetry, and Buddhist phrases. The majority are calligraphic works, with a few exceptions being pictorial carvings such as the “Water Moon Guanyin” (水月观音图) and “Tiger Howling Wind” (虎啸生风图). The longest inscription, “Nine Curves Dragon Nest” (九曲龙窝), measures 4 meters long, while the shortest, “Bu Ke Bu Yin” (不可不饮), is merely 27 centimeters.
Cultural Significance
The Wenquan Cliff Inscriptions are among the best-preserved and most abundant cliff carvings in Yunnan. They reflect the region’s natural beauty and cultural richness, intertwined with the prevailing social customs, economic conditions, aesthetic standards, and the policies of different ruling powers over the centuries. Some inscriptions are linked to significant historical events, providing valuable documentation for studying Yunnan’s political, economic, and cultural history.
Honors and Recognition
On July 14, 2023, the “Bu Ke Bu Yin” (不可不饮) and “Shizong” (石淙) inscriptions were included in the first batch of ancient famous stone inscriptions published by the National Cultural Heritage Administration.
Preservation Measures
In October 2019, the Wenquan Cliff Inscriptions were officially recognized as a key national cultural relic protection unit by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China.
Travel Information
Location
The Wenquan Cliff Inscriptions are located in Anning City (安宁市), Yunnan Province (云南省), specifically on Yiqing Road (一清路) in the Wenquan community (温泉社区).
Transportation
Driving: The Wenquan Cliff Inscriptions are approximately 8.9 kilometers from the center of Anning City (安宁市), with a driving time of about 16 minutes.
Overview
Zhuantang Park (昆明篆塘公园) covers an area of approximately ten acres and is situated at the intersection of Xichang Road (西昌路) and Daguan Road (大观路) in Kunming (昆明市). Originally a parking lot for the Kunming Public Bus Company, the site was transformed into a park in 1987. In July 2002, the Kunming Municipal Government invested 800,000 yuan to renovate the park over an eight-month period.
Attractions
After the renovation, Zhuantang Park removed its surrounding walls and all buildings facing the street, introducing new greenery and creating a tranquil oasis amidst the bustling city. The park is free to enter and has become a popular recreational space for the general public, especially for middle-aged and elderly citizens. It serves as a hub for activities such as lantern singing (唱花灯) and mountain song (山歌) performances.
Benefits for the Elderly
Since the majority of modern families are now single-child households, traditional methods of elder care have become less suitable for contemporary society. Zhuantang Park provides activity spaces for elderly individuals, enhancing their quality of life.
Morning Activities
In the mornings, many elderly people can be seen exercising in the park. The facilities are comprehensive and the environment is clean, making it a favored spot for both the elderly and children.
Recreational Activities
The park offers various activities such as playing cards (打牌) and chess (下棋), enriching the lives of senior citizens.
Connection with Nature
For people working in modern high-rise buildings, there is a strong desire to return to nature. The tranquility, leisure, and vibrancy of the natural world are invaluable to urban dwellers. The construction of Zhuantang Park meets this need for a return to an ecological paradise, providing a suitable public space for citizens to relax and relieve stress.
Urban residents can be seen walking, playing games, or lounging in the park, where they enjoy the beauty and ease of urban life. The park has become an important part of enhancing urban civilization, environment, and image.
Overview
The Former Residence and Memorial Hall of Zhu De (昆明朱德旧居纪念馆) is located in the center of Kunming (昆明市) at the original residence of Zhu De (朱德), known as “Jieyuan” (洁园). In 2015, Yunnan Province (云南省) initiated restoration work to transform Zhu De’s former residence into a patriotic education base dedicated to promoting and passing down the excellent traditions of the older generation of proletarian revolutionaries.
Location and Facilities
- Address: No. 4 Honghua Lane (红花巷), Crystal Palace Community (水晶宫社区), Huashan Street Office (华山街道办事处), Wuhua District (五华区), Kunming City (昆明市), Yunnan Province (云南省)
- Area: Over 1,200 square meters, with an exhibition space of 560 square meters
- Exhibitions: Consists of graphic exhibitions and scene restorations, including various rooms like the main hall, reception room, study, and dining room, reflecting Zhu De’s living conditions at that time.
- Opening Hours: 9:00 AM – 4:30 PM, closed on Mondays.
- Inauguration Date: December 1, 2016
- Type: Historical Museum
Structure
“Jieyuan” is a traditional Chinese courtyard house located in the center of Kunming at the intersection of Honghua Lane (红花巷) and Xiaomeiyuan Lane (小梅园巷). Zhu De moved here in 1921 and named it “Jieyuan.” This residence witnessed Zhu De’s quest for truth and his path toward communism. A grand opening ceremony was held here on December 1, 2016.
Landscape
The newly renovated Former Residence and Memorial Hall of Zhu De has an exhibition area of over 500 square meters. Through graphic exhibitions and scene restorations, it showcases Zhu De’s significant years in his second hometown, Yunnan.
Historical Background
Zhu De, originally named Zhu Daizhen (朱代珍), was born in 1886 in Sichuan (四川) and became a founding father of the People’s Republic of China (中华人民共和国). Driven by a desire to save the country, he left his family in 1909 and embarked on a 70-day journey from Sichuan to Kunming to enroll in the Yunnan Military Academy (云南陆军讲武堂), marking the beginning of his military career and revolutionary journey.
Significance of Zhu De’s Time in Yunnan
Zhu De’s time in Yunnan was of great significance to him, and he felt a deep pride for Yunnan. During this period, he changed his name to Zhu De and participated in the National Protection War (护国战争), the Constitutional Protection War (护法战争), and the suppression of bandits in southern Yunnan. He rose to the rank of commander of the Yunnan Army Military Police and was honored as a “National Protection General” (护国名将).
In 1921, to accommodate his relatives who arrived in Kunming, Zhu De purchased a residence at the foot of Wuhua Mountain (五华山) and built a home named “Jieyuan.” In 1922, he left this small courtyard for Germany, where he joined the Communist Party of China (中国共产党), embarking on a new revolutionary journey.
Having engaged in learning and revolutionary work in Yunnan for 13 years, Zhu De developed a strong attachment to this land. He recalled, “Yunnan is my second hometown, with a glorious revolutionary tradition that I will never forget.”
Legacy
After the founding of the new China, Zhu De visited Yunnan three times for inspections and donated this residence, the only one he built himself in his lifetime, to the Yunnan provincial government for use as a school and a community office building. In 1983, Zhu De’s former residence was designated as a key cultural relic protection unit by the Wuhua District (五华区) of Kunming City.
Chinese Name: 昆明抗战胜利纪念堂
English Name: Victory Memorial Hall of Anti-Japanese War in Kunming
Overview
Victory Memorial Hall of the War of Resistance Against Japan is located in the Beiguanghua Street of Wuhua District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province. It was completed in the 35th year of the Republic of China (1946).
Originally the site of the Governor-General’s Office of Yunnan and Guizhou during the Qing Dynasty, the Victory Memorial Hall features a palace-style architectural design that combines Chinese and Western elements. The structure is well-organized, with the main hall’s layout resembling an aircraft, and the overall design, along with the circular buildings in Yunrui Park and on both sides of Yunrui East and West Roads, forms a shape that symbolizes joy in the victory of the war. It is a significant historical memorial building in Yunnan.
The Victory Memorial Hall has been approved to serve as a museum, covering an area of approximately 30 acres. It consists of three parts: the main memorial building, the People’s Hero Monument, and the Exhibition Hall of the History of the Yunnan People’s Revolutionary Struggle. The hall embodies the unique spiritual values, ways of thinking, and imagination of the Chinese nation, reflecting its vitality and creativity. It holds significant historical, artistic, and scientific appreciation values, playing a critical role in inheriting and promoting the excellent cultural traditions of the nation, enhancing national unity, maintaining national integrity, strengthening national self-confidence and cohesion, and advancing the construction of socialist spiritual civilization.
In the 34th year of the Republic of China (1945), plans were initiated to construct the Victory Memorial Hall; it was completed in the 35th year (1946).
In December 1950, the first representatives’ meeting of various sectors of Yunnan Province decided to rename “Victory Hall” to “People’s Victory Hall” and to establish the “People’s Hero Monument.”
In 1951, the foundation for the Yunnan People’s Hero Monument was laid. On February 24, 1995, the Yunnan People’s Hero Monument and the Exhibition Hall of the History of the Yunnan People’s Revolutionary Struggle were completed in the square in front of the Victory Hall and were opened to the public for free.
On May 25, 2006, the State Council approved the Victory Memorial Hall as a national key cultural relic protection unit, and it was renamed again to “Victory Memorial Hall of the War of Resistance Against Japan.” In March 2019, it was approved by the Yunnan Provincial Government as the Victory Memorial Hall Museum of the War of Resistance Against Japan.
Architectural Layout
The Victory Memorial Hall originally served as the site of the Governor-General’s Office during the Qing Dynasty and features a palace-style architecture that harmoniously blends Chinese and Western styles. The design is structured rigorously, and the plan of the main hall takes the shape of a fighter aircraft. In a symmetrical layout, the functional areas consist of a foyer (including a main hall and two side halls) and a large central hall, which is a rare spacious structure for its time, complemented by auxiliary rooms. The façade showcases a combination of Chinese and Western architectural styles, with attractive and elegant designs. Parts of the roof feature traditional Chinese single-eaved hip roofs, with half-arch eaves and upturned corners, while the white marble railings reflect traditional Qing-style craftsmanship.
Main Building
The main building of the Victory Memorial Hall has a construction area of approximately 4,600 square meters, accommodating around 950 people in the main hall and about 60 in the conference room, which can also be used as a classroom. In the southeast corner, there is a reading room named “Victory Reading Room,” with over 60 square meters of space and more than 40 study seats. The reading room features a carefully selected collection of nearly 1,500 books, including red-themed publications, popular science books, classic social sciences, foreign language periodicals, and quality cultural and creative works, providing a place for discussion and exchange during themed activities for party units, while also offering a great learning platform for the general public and party members.
The architecture of the Victory Memorial Hall effectively utilizes the local terrain, with a compact overall layout that presents a plan in the shape of an American fighter jet. It consists of three functional segments: the foyer (main entrance and two side halls), the spacious central hall, and additional ancillary rooms. The design is characterized by a blend of Chinese and Western architectural styles, presenting an aesthetically pleasing and dignified appearance. The hall primarily employs traditional local materials such as wood, brick, stone, and specially designed large tiles, with the base and railings made of white marble.
Yunnan People’s Hero Monument and Exhibition Hall
The Yunnan People’s Hero Monument and Exhibition Hall cover an area of over 2,000 square meters and can accommodate around 200 visitors at a time. The monument stands approximately 27 meters tall and is square-shaped. The exhibition area beneath the monument’s base, covering about 1,300 square meters, features displays on the history of revolutionary struggles in Yunnan, while the monument’s base is adorned with bas-reliefs reflecting the struggle history of the people of Yunnan.
Value and Significance
The Victory Memorial Hall encapsulates the unique spiritual values, thought patterns, and imagination of the Chinese nation, embodying its vitality and creativity. It holds high appreciation values in terms of history, art, and science and plays an essential role in inheriting and promoting excellent cultural traditions, fostering national unity, maintaining national integrity, enhancing national self-confidence and cohesion, and advancing the construction of socialist spiritual civilization, making it of profound significance.
Overview
The Compound of Ma Family (马家大院) is a classic Bai ethnic residence that is the most well-preserved traditional building in Kunming (昆明市). It was awarded the 2001 Cultural Heritage Conservation Award by UNESCO for the Asia-Pacific region.
Located on the serene alley of Silver Cabinet Lane (小银柜巷) in the old streets of Kunming, this residence is also known as “Jinlan Tea Garden” (金兰茶苑). It was originally the home of Ma Jun (马鉁), a prominent general of the Yunnan Army (滇军) and a national defense elder from Eryuan (洱源). Construction began in 1923, and Mr. Ma served as the first mayor of Kunming, moving his family into the new home in 1924.
Construction Details
- Construction Year: 1923
- Area: 1,146 m²
- Location: No. 36, Jingxing Street (景星街), Kunming City (昆明市), Yunnan Province (云南省)
Architectural Introduction
The Compound of Ma Family is situated at No. 36 Jingxing Street and was constructed in 1923. It faces south and covers a total area of 1,146 square meters. This architectural marvel is designed in the “four courtyards and five patios” style, featuring a brick and wood structure known as “zhuoma zhuanjiao” (走马转角楼).
The compound consists of two stories of wooden buildings interconnected, with a central courtyard measuring 200 square meters, adorned with flowers, plants, and stone water tanks. Four small patios are also present at the corners of the building. The architecture showcases intricate wood carvings and stone sculptures, typical of the Bai ethnic group, embodying the classic structure of “three halls and one screen wall” (三坊一照壁).
From the perspective of the main gate and the layout, the compound exhibits characteristics similar to the “One Seal” (一颗印) houses in Kunming, where the entrance is aligned with the central axis of the opposite structure. The entire building is oriented from north to south, creating a tranquil environment.
Professor Zhao Chen (赵辰) from Nanjing University (南京大学) and Swiss experts have conducted extensive research on this typical residence. They believe that it is not merely an old house but a successful exemplar of Chinese historical and cultural heritage in the eyes of foreigners.
Conservation Measures
In 2003, the Compound of Ma Family was announced as a municipal cultural heritage protection unit, emphasizing its significance in preserving Yunnan’s architectural history.
Compound of Ma Family in Kunming
Location
Daziran Nature Customs Garden also named Jacklion Mores Garden in Kunming (大自然风情园) is located in Haigeng Village (海埂村), Xishan District (西山区), Kunming City (昆明市), Yunnan Province (云南省).
Overview
Daziran Nature Customs Garden offers a perfect escape from the hustle and bustle of city life. It serves as an ideal destination for family outings or gatherings with friends and relatives. Situated along the shores of Dianchi Lake (滇池), this garden allows visitors to immerse themselves in lush greenery, unwind their tired bodies and minds, breathe in fresh air, and engage in physical activities, leaving them refreshed and invigorated.
The garden is shaded by verdant trees and adorned with blooming flowers. It features landscapes reminiscent of Beihai Silver Beach (北海银滩) in Guangxi, complete with artificial lakes, pavilions, towers, and ponds that attract numerous visitors seeking leisure and entertainment. Bathed in warm sunlight, children can be seen playing joyfully in the white sands of the beach, while adults gather in pavilions and towers to play cards, Mahjong (打麻将), or chess (下象棋), enjoying their holiday fun.
Scenic Features
Daziran Nature Customs Garden is a scenic garden that integrates natural landscapes, cultural geography, and ecological leisure, serving as a representative landmark of Kunming. It features a rich variety of plant resources and unique geographical landscapes, making it an excellent place to experience the charm of nature.
Floral Displays
The garden boasts a unique geographical location and climate, providing a wide array of floral resources, including roses (玫瑰), peonies (牡丹), and rhododendrons (杜鹃). Especially in spring, various flowers bloom profusely, filling the air with delightful fragrances and attracting countless visitors.
Natural Landscapes
In addition to its diverse vegetation, the garden features magnificent geological landscapes. Visitors can stroll through canyons and forests, experiencing the wonders of nature. The stunning lake and mountain scenery creates an illusion of being in a paradise, bringing a sense of peace and tranquility.
Leisure and Entertainment
Besides enjoying the natural scenery, Daziran Nature Customs Garden offers various recreational facilities, such as a children’s playground and open-air tea houses. Here, visitors can enjoy leisure time and relax while soaking in the beauty of nature.
Ecological Education
The garden also includes an ecological education base, allowing visitors to learn about plants, animals, and other aspects of nature, deepening their understanding and appreciation of the natural world while promoting ecological civilization.
Daziran Nature Customs Garden is a comprehensive scenic garden that combines natural beauty and cultural history. It is not only a leisure and entertainment destination but also an important window showcasing the charm of Kunming City. We invite you to come and experience the allure of nature firsthand.
Overview
Dongchuan Forest Park (东川森林公园) is located in the northeastern suburbs of Tongdu Town (铜都镇), Dongchuan District (东川区), Kunming City (昆明市). Construction began in 1986 on what was originally a deep gully formed by mudslides, known locally as “Shengou” (深沟). The forest park was developed based on the management of mudslides, transforming the area into a beautiful green space.
The park features towering mountains and steep slopes, with winding paths leading into tranquil areas. The gully is adorned with numerous waterfalls of varying sizes. The nearby Phoenix trees (凤凰树) and Silver birch trees (银桦树) sway gracefully, while the area is filled with evergreen Acacia trees (银合欢). In recent years, many cherry blossom trees (樱花), Crape myrtle trees (紫薇花), and Jacaranda trees (蓝花楹树) have also been planted. Along the mountainside, lush Poplar trees (杨树), Tibetan cypress (藏柏), and tall tropical plants like the Paulownia (桐剑麻) flourish.
Local residents believe that the park has a strong magnetic field beneficial to health, and every day, thousands of people jog along the gully carrying mineral water, making it a local spectacle. Notable attractions include:
- Zhuguo Temple (祝国寺)
- Baiying Waterfall (白滢瀑布)
- Bailong Cave (白龙洞)
Scenic Features
Dongchuan Forest Park (东川森林公园) is situated in the northeastern suburbs of Xincun Town (新村镇), Dongchuan District (东川区), with construction beginning in 1986. It was established as a forest park on the foundation of mudslide management demonstration projects. The gully is flanked by mountains, where lush Poplar trees (杨树) and distinct tropical plants thrive, providing a pleasant walking experience along the shaded paths. The swaying Phoenix trees (凤凰树) and Cloud birch trees (云桦树) grace the area, while the gully is home to an abundance of evergreen Acacia trees (银合欢).
Local people believe that the park’s strong magnetic field promotes health, and it has become common to see thousands of individuals jogging in the deep gully each morning, carrying mineral water, adding to the park’s charm.
Baiying Waterfall
Baiying Waterfall (白滢瀑布) is located at the end of the park. Standing over a hundred meters high, the waterfall appears like a flowing white silk from a distance. When viewed up close, the mist rises, creating a mesmerizing sight of silver droplets, giving a sense of heavenly elixir cascading down, refreshing the spirit.
Bailong Cave
To reach Bailong Cave (白龙洞), one must climb for about 20 minutes. Inside the cave, natural spring water flows down, forming a waterfall nearly a hundred meters high. The splashes at the base create a scene of silver flowers amidst lush greenery, with clear water revealing the bottom of the pool, presenting a naturally beautiful landscape.
Important Notes
Dongchuan Forest Park (东川森林公园) can be visited year-round. Dongchuan is classified as a dry hot river valley region, and summers can be quite hot, so visitors should be prepared to stay cool.
Recommended Time
2-3 days
Transportation
Take a bus from the Dongchuan District (东川区) passenger station to Fazhe, passing through Huagou Village (花沟村) and Huashitou Village (花石头村), among other areas.
Admission
The entrance fee is 1 RMB.
Location
Dongchuan District (东川区), Kunming City (昆明市), along the 029 Provincial Road (029乡道).
Overview
Haichaosi Forest Park (海潮寺森林公园) has a rich history that dates back to the Ming Dynasty (明代), when the Haichaosi Temple (海潮寺) was built, making it one of the Eight Great Temples of Songming (嵩明). Although the ancient temple gradually fell into disrepair and collapsed over time, local government initiatives began in 1997 to reconstruct and develop the area. The aim was to restore its former glory and promote tourism.
The reconstructed park not only revitalizes the grandeur of the temple but also adds several scenic spots, making it a comprehensive tourist area that blends history with natural beauty.
Discovering Caves and Natural Scenery
The park features caves that are a paradise for adventure enthusiasts. Inside the caves, the stalactites and stalagmites take on various forms, sparkling like a crystal palace. The development of the caves enhances the thrill of exploration, allowing visitors to delve into this natural wonder. In addition, the park’s mountains, springs, and lakes create a vibrant natural landscape, making it an ideal location for photographers and nature lovers.
A Perfect Combination of Entertainment and Leisure
Haichaosi Forest Park (海潮寺森林公园) offers abundant recreational facilities, including:
- Fishing Area (垂钓娱乐区)
- Bailongtan Amusement Area (白龙潭游乐区)
- Xiaohaizi Reservoir Water Park (小海子水库水上乐园)
These areas provide a variety of activities, from fishing to water sports, catering to the diverse needs of visitors. Whether seeking a peaceful moment alone or joyful times with family and friends, this park offers the perfect setting.
How to Get There and Visiting Recommendations
Haichaosi Forest Park (海潮寺森林公园) is located 20 kilometers southwest of Songming County (嵩明县) town. The transportation to the park is convenient, taking only about 15 minutes by car. The best time to visit is from spring to autumn, when the weather is pleasant and the natural scenery is most captivating. Visitors are encouraged to plan for at least half a day to a full day to fully experience the park’s natural beauty and cultural heritage.
Exploring Haichaosi Forest Park (海潮寺森林公园) allows not only for the appreciation of nature’s craftsmanship but also a deeper understanding of local culture and history. Such a journey is not merely an admiration of beautiful landscapes but also a spiritual cleansing.
Overview
Guandu Forest Park (官渡森林公园) is located in Kunming (昆明), Yunnan Province (云南). The park beautifully recreates the scenic spots of the Eight Views of Old Guandu, including the misty willows by the dam, the apricot orchards with grazing sheep, and the lush peaks of Luofeng. It also features public cultural facilities such as a green center square covering over 7,000 square meters, a library, and a museum. The park is designed with a variety of tall and low trees, creating a striking visual appeal, and the fresh air offers a comforting atmosphere. Overall, the park showcases a modern urban forest landscape, significantly enhancing the environmental quality of the Guanshang central area.
Geographic Location
- Location: Yunnan Province (云南) – Kunming (昆明)
Attractions
Plant Life
The park is primarily composed of large native tree species, featuring more than 40 varieties of large trees, including:
- Yunnan Sweetgum (滇朴)
- Huangshan Pine (华山松)
- Pear Tree (梨树)
- Osmanthus (桂花)
- Crape Myrtle (紫薇)
In total, there are over 5,250 large trees. Additionally, the park plants more than 20 varieties of flowering shrubs, including:
- Peach Leaf Coral (桃叶珊瑚)
- Spider Orchid (蜘蛛兰)
- Rhododendron (杜鹃)
A total of over 941,624 flowering shrubs have been planted, along with 65,360 square meters of lawns.
Facilities
The park is equipped with various facilities to meet the recreational needs of visitors, including:
- Wooden pavilions
- Stone tables and chairs
- Stone benches
- Trash bins
- Courtyard lights
Local residents also consider Guandu Forest Park (官渡森林公园) a great spot for cultural entertainment and leisure activities.
The Martyrdom Monument of Li Gongpu (李公朴殉难处遗址) is located at No. 1 Yuantong Street, Wuhua District, Kunming, occupying an area of 6 square meters. The monument is made of stone, measuring 100 cm in length, 30 cm in width, and 12 cm in thickness. It is inscribed with the words “Li Gongpu (李公朴) Mr. Martyrdom Place.”
Who is Li Gongpu?
Li Gongpu (李公朴) (1900—1946) was an executive member of the Central and Yunnan Provincial Branch of the China Democratic League, a renowned scholar, social activist, and patriotic democratic fighter. He was one of the famous “Seven Gentlemen” who fought against Japanese aggression to save the country, recognized both domestically and internationally.
He established the “Beimen Bookstore” (北门书屋) and “Beimen Publishing House” (北门出版社) in Yunnan, advocating for the ideas of resisting Japanese aggression and promoting democratic progress. He frequently traveled between Chongqing and Kunming to engage in anti-Japanese activities, which aroused the jealousy of the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) reactionaries.
On the evening of July 11, 1946, Mr. Li Gongpu and his wife, Ms. Zhang Manyun (张曼筠), were returning home by bus. After getting off at the Qingyun Street bus station, they walked along a sloping alley on the left side of the College Slope, where they were shot by Kuomintang agents who had been following them for some time. Due to severe injuries, he succumbed to his wounds at 5:20 a.m. the next day.
Legacy of Li Gongpu
Mr. Li Gongpu made the ultimate sacrifice for the people, and his deeds have had a profound impact on the patriotic education of Chinese youth. The monument holds significant historical value and was declared a district-level cultural relic protection unit in 1983.
Kunming Saint John Gospel Church (昆明圣约翰堂) is one of the two Christian churches currently open in Kunming. This church features the traditional architectural style of the Reformation period, with a rectangular auditorium oriented north-south. It has no columned aisles and features arched windows on both side walls. The pulpit is located at the north end of the main hall, with the choir situated on the west side of the pulpit.
Historical Significance
An inscription is embedded in the wall at the entrance of Saint John Gospel Church, located at No. 12 Dongfeng West Road, Wuhua District. The inscription is made of marble and features two large marble tablets, inscribed in both Chinese and English, which read: “This hall is dedicated to God and commemorates the allied soldiers who died in China, 1937 to 1945.”
The church was built in 1915, based on the original Anglican Church established on Wanzhong Street. During the Anti-Japanese War, some “Anglican” believers from the American forces stationed in Kunming would come here for weekly worship.
When the renovation of the church was completed in 1946, urns containing the ashes of 17 Flying Tiger (飞虎队) pilots who sacrificed their lives during the Anti-Japanese War were hung on both sides of the church (these urns were taken away by the American consul when he left Kunming in 1948). In 1947, the original wooden structure of the church was dismantled, and a new brick and wood structure was built to accommodate hundreds of worshippers.
After its completion, the church was named the “Memorial Hall for American Troops Assisting in the War” (来华助战美军纪念堂). In 1948, the church on Wanzhong Street was transformed into a cathedral, named “Saint John Church.” The church follows the traditional architectural style of the Reformation period, featuring a rectangular auditorium oriented north-south, no columned aisles, arched windows on both side walls, a pulpit at the north end of the main hall, and a choir on the west side of the pulpit.
In 1958, the Anglican Church merged with other denominations, and Saint John Church was no longer used as a church. After 1962, Saint John Church was closed. In 1986, it was returned to the Christian “Two Associations” in Kunming and was later rebuilt.
Current Status
Currently, it is designated as a district-level cultural relic protection unit in Wuhua District.
Contact Information:
- Phone: 0871-63661235
Estimated Visit Duration:
- 1-3 hours
Admission Fees:
- Please consult the scenic area for specific details.
Opening Hours:
- 08:00 AM to 06:00 PM (January 1 – December 31, Monday – Sunday)
Location:
- No. 12 Dongfeng West Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, Yunnan Province (云南省昆明市五华区东风西路12号)
The XiAn Christian Church (基督教“锡安圣堂”), located at No. 26 Jinbi Road, Kunming, was founded in 1922, making it over a century old!
Historical Background
The church is situated on Jinbi Road. In 1921, the newly established Southwest District of the Christian Church in Kunming purchased property and land on Guangju Street (now Jinbi Road) to build a church. After the land transaction, the design of the new church was entrusted to the British missionary Yilifan (易理藩). Following a careful survey of the terrain and meticulous drafting of plans, Yilifan completed the architectural drawings. He then traveled to London to report to the General Assembly of the Christian Church, presenting the plans and discussing the construction. After reviewing the drawings and hearing Yilifan’s presentation, the General Assembly allocated the necessary funds for the construction. A year later, in 1922, Yilifan returned to Kunming, and construction of the church officially commenced.
Architectural Features
After two years of construction, the church was finally completed. Its architecture includes:
- An iron gate
- A street-facing building
- A chapel that can accommodate thousands
- A garden
- Residential quarters for the clergy
The layout of the church is rigorous and reasonable, creating a religious atmosphere that evokes a sense of solemnity and seriousness. Upon completion, the church was initially unnamed, with the words “Christian Worship Hall” (基督教礼拜堂) inscribed on the stone gate to the west of the iron gate. It was officially named “Zion Church” (锡安圣堂) in 1935, with “Zion” derived from the Bible, meaning a beautiful and blessed place.
Significant Events and Influence
Before it was destroyed, Zion Church had considerable influence in Kunming. Many influential figures and celebrities residing in Kunming chose to hold Western-style weddings at Zion Church. Notable weddings held there include:
- Nationalist general Wei Lihuang (卫立煌)
- Southwest United University beauty Gao Xunquan (高训铨) and Jin Lizhu (金丽珠)
- Talented woman Lu Baohua (卢葆华)
- Famous chemist Chen Ruyu (陈茹玉)
In addition to hosting weddings, the church established several private schools and kindergartens before the liberation. For instance, Tian Nan Middle School (天南中学), which gained some fame in Kunming during the 1940s, was initially located within the church from 1939 to 1945. The church also founded En Guang Private Women’s School (恩光私立女中), which merged with Kunming No. 3 Middle School after liberation. The predecessor of Kunming No. 3 Kindergarten (昆明市第三幼儿园) was the affiliated kindergarten of En Guang Private Women’s School.
Challenges and Renovations
During the Cultural Revolution, all religious activities at the church were halted, and the property was repurposed for factory use. In 1981, Zion Church reopened. However, in February 1990, a fire caused by aging electrical wiring destroyed the entire building. Following the destruction, the Christian community in Kunming actively donated funds and designed a new church, which was completed on June 20, 1993. This is the church we see today.
Current Status
The new church features a reinforced concrete structure with a building area of 1,500 square meters, oriented south to north. Architectural features include:
- A three-opening entrance, decorated with a Lombard-style portico featuring a semicircular arch and two corresponding decorative columns.
- Three elongated decorative windows made of blue glass in the portico.
- An interior layout consisting of three levels: the first level includes an entrance hall with stairs; the second level is a meeting room; the third level contains storage and a warehouse.
- Decorative columns topped with conical embellishments, showcasing Gothic architectural characteristics. The chapel’s southern end features a four-story structure.
Originally, Zion Church was planned to be demolished and rebuilt in 2005, but various reasons have delayed the project. Although the church is currently mostly unused and has not engaged in any religious activities, and the entire building appears somewhat old, its century-old history and unique architectural style continue to make it a distinctive landmark in Kunming!
You Might Like
- 13 Days Yunnan Classic Tour with Lincang Tea Discovery and Wa Ethnic Culture Experience
- 1 Day Kunming Hot Spring Golf Tour with Anning Hot Spring and Spa
- 1 Day Kunming Jiaozi Snow Mountain Tour
- 9 Days South China Rice Terraces and Ethnic Culture Tour to Yuanyang and Longji Rice Terraces
- 6 Days XishuangBanna and Puer Ethnic Culture Tour with Tea Culture and Ethnic Villages Discovery
- 6 Days Kunming-Jianshui-Yuanyang Hani Rice Terraces Group Tour
- 6 Days Xishuangbanna Tropical Rain Forest Adventure and Ethnic Culture Education Tour
- 1 Days Dali Buddhist Culture Tour to Jizu Mountain
Wenquan Cliff Inscriptions in Anning City, Kunming
Overview Wenquan Cliff Inscriptions, located in Anning City (安宁市), Yunnan Province (云南省), are a significant group of stone carvings from the Ming Dynasty (明朝) to the Republic of China...
Zhuantang Park in Kunming
Overview Zhuantang Park (昆明篆塘公园) covers an area of approximately ten acres and is situated at the intersection of Xichang Road (西昌路) and Daguan Road (大观路) in Kunming (昆明市). Originally...
Former Residence and Memorial Hall of Zhu De in Kunming
Overview The Former Residence and Memorial Hall of Zhu De (昆明朱德旧居纪念馆) is located in the center of Kunming (昆明市) at the original residence of Zhu De (朱德), known as...
Victory Memorial Hall of Anti-Japanese War in Kunming
Chinese Name: 昆明抗战胜利纪念堂 English Name: Victory Memorial Hall of Anti-Japanese War in Kunming Overview Victory Memorial Hall of the War of Resistance Against Japan is located in the Beiguanghua Street...
Compound of Ma Family in Kunming
Overview The Compound of Ma Family (马家大院) is a classic Bai ethnic residence that is the most well-preserved traditional building in Kunming (昆明市). It was awarded the 2001 Cultural...
Daziran Nature Customs Garden in Kunming
Location Daziran Nature Customs Garden also named Jacklion Mores Garden in Kunming (大自然风情园) is located in Haigeng Village (海埂村), Xishan District (西山区), Kunming City (昆明市), Yunnan Province (云南省). Overview...
Dongchuan Forest Park in Kunming
Overview Dongchuan Forest Park (东川森林公园) is located in the northeastern suburbs of Tongdu Town (铜都镇), Dongchuan District (东川区), Kunming City (昆明市). Construction began in 1986 on what was originally...
Haichaosi Forest Park in Songming County, Kunming
Overview Haichaosi Forest Park (海潮寺森林公园) has a rich history that dates back to the Ming Dynasty (明代), when the Haichaosi Temple (海潮寺) was built, making it one of the...
Guandu Forest Park in Kunming
Overview Guandu Forest Park (官渡森林公园) is located in Kunming (昆明), Yunnan Province (云南). The park beautifully recreates the scenic spots of the Eight Views of Old Guandu, including the...
Martyrdom Monument of Li Gongpu in Kunming
The Martyrdom Monument of Li Gongpu (李公朴殉难处遗址) is located at No. 1 Yuantong Street, Wuhua District, Kunming, occupying an area of 6 square meters. The monument is made of...
Kunming Saint John Gospel Church
Kunming Saint John Gospel Church (昆明圣约翰堂) is one of the two Christian churches currently open in Kunming. This church features the traditional architectural style of the Reformation period, with...
Kunming XiAn Christian Church
The XiAn Christian Church (基督教“锡安圣堂”), located at No. 26 Jinbi Road, Kunming, was founded in 1922, making it over a century old! Historical Background The church is situated on...
Latest Articles
Yunnan Travel from Copenhagen of Denmark
2025-06-17Yunnan Travel from Denmark
2025-06-17Yunnan Travel from Dominican Republic
2025-06-17Contact Info
