Yuanyang County is located in Honghe Hani-Yi Autonomous Prefecture, southern part of Yunnan Province, which is about 205 kilometers away from the provincial capital City – Kunming. Yuanyang is famous for the appealing natural and agricultural splendors – rice terraces around the villages in the mountains further up from Xinjie. Below we introduce you some information about how to get to Yuanyang from Kunming. If you want to visit Yuanyang Hani Rice Terraces, you must arrive in Nansha Town of Yuanyang County first, and then change the minibus or shuttle bus to Xinjie Town, Shengcun Village Panzhihua Town, Niujiaozhai Town etc.
How to Get to Yuanyang County
By Air
At present, there is no airport and flights serving in Yuanyang County. Yuanyang airport is under construction and scheduled to be completed by 2019. By then, flying from Kunming to Yuanyang only needs 1 hour.
By Train
There is also no trains connecting Kunming and Yuanyang. Tourists can take train to Jianshui or Mengzi and then transfer to Yuanyang by bus. There are about 2 daily trains from Kunming Railway Station to Jianshui Railway Station, a three-hour journey with one departing at 12:30 and another at 16:08. From Kunming to Mengzi by train will cost about 4 hours and 4 trains are available for your choice(departure at 07:45, 11:02, 12:30, 15:41).
By Bus
Kunming-Yuanyang
Long-distance bus is the main way getting to Yuanyang from Kunming. There are two bus stations serving in Yuanyang, namely Nansha Bus Station and Xinjie Bus Station. And from Kunming to Yuanyang County , it takes 6-7 hours.
Currently three direct buses from Kunming South Bus Station(or Kunming Nanbu Bus Station) to Yuanyang Xinjie Bus Station everyday. The first one departs from Kunming South Bus Station at about 10:20, and the next shifts are 12:30, 18:00.
Kunming-Gejiu-Yuanyang
Tourists can catch a bus departing from Kunming East Bus Station between 7:30 am – 7:00 pm to Gejiu, which takes about 4-5 hours (300km). Then take another 3-hour bus from Gejiu to Yuanyang County.
Kunming-Jianshui-Yuanyang
At Kunming South Bus Station, tourists can take 4-hour long-distance bus from Kunming to Jianshui first. Buses leave every half hour between 7:30 to 16:30, then 17:10, 17:55. Jianshui is a popular tourist destination of Yunnan due to its profound culture. Then take another 3-hour bus to Yuanyang County.
Kunming-Mengzi-Yuanyang
At Kunming East Station, there are about 10 buses running from Kunming to Mengzi. Then take another 3-hour coach to Yuanyang County.
Note:
1. The timetable is only for reference. Contact our travel consultant for the latest information of transportation between Kunming and Yuanyang.
2. Yuanyang Xinjie Town is much closer to Hani Rice Terraces.
3. Due to the long-distance between Kunming and Yuanyang, Jianshui is a good stop for sightseeing.
How to Get to Yuanyang Hani Rice Terraces from Yuanyang County (Nansha Town)
Yuanyang Hani Rice Terraces are distributed in all of the towns of Yuanyang County, here are the transportation details fom Nansha Town to 13 towns of Yuanyang County.
Nansha Town(南沙镇)-Xinjie Town(新街镇)
Nansha Town-Xinjie Town(牛角寨乡)
Nansha Town-Shalatuo Town(沙拉托乡)
Nansha Town-Ganiang Town(嘎娘乡)
Nansha Town-Shangxincheng Town(上新城乡)
Nansha Town-Fengchunling Town(逢春岭乡)
Nansha Town-Xiaoxinjie Town(小新街乡)
Nansha Town-Majie Town(马街乡)
Nansha Town-Ezha Town(俄扎乡)
Nansha Town-Huangmaoling Town(黄茅岭乡)
Nansha Town-Huangcaoling Town(黄草岭乡)
Nansha Town-Panzhihua Town(攀枝花乡)
Nansha Town-Daping Town(大坪乡)
Yuanyang County (元阳县) is located in southern Yunnan Province, China, within the Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州). Here are the key geographic details:
Precise Location
Province: Yunnan (云南省)
Prefecture: Honghe (红河州)
Nearest Major City:
- Mengzi (蒙自市) (Honghe’s capital, ~120km northeast)
- Kunming (Yunnan’s capital, ~300km north)
Notable Features
- Famous for: The Yuanyang Rice Terraces (UNESCO World Heritage Site), crafted by the Hani people over 1,300 years.
- Ethnic Groups: Primarily Hani and Yi minorities, with vibrant cultural traditions.
Transportation Access
From Kunming:
- By road: 5–6 hours via expressway (G8011) to Nansha Town (Yuanyang’s new county seat).
- By bus: Direct coaches from Kunming South Bus Station (~6 hours).
From Honghe/Mengzi: ~2.5–3 hours by car (via S212 highway).
No airport/train station in Yuanyang—closest rail hub is Mengzi.
The Region Map of Yuanyang County, Honghe
Yuanyang County is located in Honghe Hani-Yi Autonomous Prefecture, southern part of Yunnan Province, which is about 205 kilometers away from the provincial capital City – Kunming. Yuanyang is famous for the appealing natural and agricultural splendors – rice terraces around the villages in the mountains further up from Xinjie. Below we introduce you some information about how to get to Yuanyang from Kunming.
How to Get to Yuanyang County
By Air
At present, there is no airport and flights serving in Yuanyang County. Yuanyang airport is under construction and scheduled to be completed by 2019. By then, flying from Kunming to Yuanyang only needs 1 hour.
By Train
There is also no trains connecting Kunming and Yuanyang. Tourists can take train to Jianshui or Mengzi and then transfer to Jianshui by bus. There are about 2 daily trains from Kunming Railway Station to Jianshui Railway Station, a three-hour journey with one departing at 12:30 and another at 16:08. From Kunming to Mengzi by train will cost about 4 hours and 4 trains are available for your choice(departure at 07:45, 11:02, 12:30, 15:41).
By Bus
Kunming-Yuanyang
Long-distance bus is the main way getting to Yuanyang from Kunming. There are two bus stations serving in Yuanyang, namely Nansha Bus Station and Xinjie Bus Station. And from Kunming to Yuanyang County , it takes 6-7 hours.
Currently three direct buses from Kunming South Bus Station(or Kunming Nanbu Bus Station) to Yuanyang Xinjie Bus Station everyday. The first one departs from Kunming South Bus Station at about 10:20, and the next shifts are 12:30, 18:00.
Kunming-Gejiu-Yuanyang
Tourists can catch a bus departing from Kunming East Bus Station between 7:30 am – 7:00 pm to Gejiu, which takes about 4-5 hours (300km). Then take another 3-hour bus from Gejiu to Yuanyang County.
Kunming-Jianshui-Yuanyang
At Kunming South Bus Station, tourists can take 4-hour long-distance bus from Kunming to Jianshui first. Buses leave every half hour between 7:30 to 16:30, then 17:10, 17:55. Jianshui is a popular tourist destination of Yunnan due to its profound culture. Then take another 3-hour bus to Yuanyang County.
Kunming-Mengzi-Yuanyang
At Kunming East Station, there are about 10 buses running from Kunming to Mengzi. Then take another 3-hour coach to Yuanyang County.
Note:
1. The timetable is only for reference. Contact our travel consultant for the latest information of transportation between Kunming and Yuanyang.
2. Yuanyang Xinjie Town is much closer to Hani Rice Terraces.
3. Due to the long-distance between Kunming and Yuanyang, Jianshui is a good stop for sightseeing.
Overview
Dangui Village Mosque 丹桂村清真寺is located in Dangui Village, Kedu Town, Xundian County. It was originally built during the Ming Dynasty and was reconstructed in the 22nd year of the Guangxu reign in the Qing Dynasty (1896). The mosque covers an area of approximately 600 square meters and includes a minaret, a main prayer hall, and side rooms.
Dangui Mosque in Xundian County, KunmingArchitectural Details
- Minaret: The minaret has a three-tiered eave with a four-cornered pointed roof.
- Main Prayer Hall: The prayer hall features a single-eave gable roof with a beam-lifted wooden structure, measuring 12.2 meters in width and 7 meters in depth.
Historical Significance
In 1935, during the Long March, the Central Red Army passed through Xundian and stationed troops in Dangui. The minaret of the mosque bears a slogan left by the Red Army that reads, “The Red Army absolutely does not conscript laborers.”
Muslim Travel Tips
For Muslim travelers visiting Dangui Village Mosque, here are some helpful tips:
- Prayer Facilities: The mosque provides a tranquil space for daily prayers.
- Historical Insight: Explore the historical significance of the mosque, particularly its connection to the Long March and the Red Army.
- Architectural Appreciation: Admire the unique architectural features of the mosque, which reflect traditional Chinese design.
- Local Community: Engage with the local Muslim community to learn more about their customs and way of life.
- Respect and Etiquette: As with any religious site, dress modestly and follow the mosque’s rules to show respect for the local customs and religious practices.
Dangui Village Mosque not only serves as a place of worship but also as a historical landmark that provides insight into the rich cultural heritage of the region.
Since ancient times, there are two primary land routes connecting it to the outside world , namely Silk Road in the north and Tea Horse-Road in the south. Created more than two thousand years ago, the Tea-Horse Road is the highest and most perilous of the world’s ancient routes, and to this day still show vibrant signs of life. The road from Bingzhongluo into Tibet is part of the route known as “Tea Horse Route”. Bingzhongluo is located on the high plateau of western Yunnan Province, at the foot of Gaoligong Mountain. In the old days, Tibetans routinely operated mule and horse caravans on arduous long journeys from here to Lhasa, and beyond, to Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim and India. These caravan routes became vital arteries for cultural, economic and religious exchange between Tibet and South Asia as the tea trade flourish.
Traveling along the Nujiang River, you’ll arrive at Chawalong, Tibet’s easternmost town, which is about 80 km away from Bingzhongluo which will take about 3-4 days’s walking. The journey between the two places zigzags through high mountain slopes, dense forests, gorges and wastelands. Since ancient times the transport of all goods and supplies has relied entirely on horse caravans. Tea was the main commodity carried on such caravans. The road was one of the channels through which the Peoples Liberation Army entered Tibet. 
Introduction
The Ancient Tea Horse Road was a crucial trade route linking Yunnan Province in China with Tibet. It facilitated the exchange of tea from Yunnan for Tibetan horses, contributing significantly to the cultural and economic interactions between the two regions. This historic route is particularly notable between Bingzhongluo in Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, and Chawalong and Chayu County in Tibet, showcasing the rugged terrain and rich heritage of the area.
Highlights
- Historical Significance: The route between Bingzhongluo, Chawalong, and Chayu County is part of the ancient trade network that supported the exchange of goods, especially tea and horses, between Yunnan and Tibet.
- Scenic Beauty: The journey through this area features dramatic landscapes including deep gorges, high mountains, and lush forests, offering breathtaking views and opportunities for outdoor exploration.
- Cultural Encounters: Travelers will have the chance to experience the diverse cultures of the Lisu, Nu, and Tibetan ethnic groups, each with their unique traditions, languages, and customs.
- Tea and Trade Legacy: This segment of the Tea Horse Road is rich in history related to the tea trade, with historical sites and remnants of old trade routes that highlight the area’s historical significance.
- Outdoor Activities: The rugged terrain is ideal for trekking, hiking, and photography, providing a chance to explore both the natural beauty and historical aspects of the route.
Travel Tips
- Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit is from April to October when weather conditions are more favorable for travel and outdoor activities. Winters can be harsh with snow and icy conditions.
- Transportation: Due to the remote nature of this region, travel typically involves a combination of flights, long-distance buses, and possibly off-road vehicles. Ensure to check road conditions and travel advisories.
- Permits: Travel in these regions may require special permits, especially when crossing into Tibet. Check with local authorities or tour operators for the necessary documentation and permits.
- Accommodation: Options in these areas may be limited. Accommodations range from basic guesthouses to more comfortable lodges. It’s advisable to book in advance, especially during peak travel seasons.
- Local Cuisine: Sample local Tibetan cuisine and traditional dishes of the Lisu and Nu ethnic groups. This includes hearty dishes made from locally sourced ingredients.
- Guided Tours: Consider hiring a local guide or joining a tour to navigate the historical sites and gain deeper insights into the cultural and historical significance of the Tea Horse Road.
Day-by-Day Itinerary
Day 1: Arrival in Bingzhongluo
- Morning: Arrive in Bingzhongluo from Dali or other nearby cities.
- Afternoon: Explore the town and visit local markets. Start your journey along the historic Tea Horse Road.
- Evening: Stay overnight in Bingzhongluo. Enjoy local cuisine and prepare for the journey ahead.
Day 2: Bingzhongluo to Chawalong
- Morning: Depart Bingzhongluo and travel towards Chawalong. This will involve navigating through rugged terrain and scenic landscapes.
- Afternoon: Arrive in Chawalong and explore the area. Visit historical sites related to the Tea Horse Road and interact with local Tibetan communities.
- Evening: Stay overnight in Chawalong. Enjoy traditional Tibetan food and rest.
Day 3: Chawalong to Chayu County
- Morning: Continue your journey from Chawalong to Chayu County. This segment offers more stunning landscapes and opportunities for photography.
- Afternoon: Arrive in Chayu County and explore local attractions. Visit historical sites and learn about the area’s role in the Tea Horse Road.
- Evening: Stay overnight in Chayu County. Sample local Tibetan dishes and prepare for your departure the next day.
Day 4: Departure from Chayu County
- Morning: Check out from your accommodation and begin your journey back to the nearest major city or airport.
- Afternoon: Travel to your departure point, either back to Dali or another location depending on your travel plans.
Summary
Traveling the Ancient Tea Horse Road from Bingzhongluo to Chawalong and Chayu County offers a unique opportunity to experience the historical and cultural heritage of this historic trade route. The journey highlights the significance of the tea and horse trade, showcases stunning natural landscapes, and provides insights into the diverse cultures of the region.
Denggeng Bathhouse is 12 kilometers from Liuku(六库), at an altitude of 1000 meters. According to the traditional custom of Lisu people, they hold the “Spring bathing meeting” for more than 100 years at Denggeng village(登埂村) of Luzhang Town(鲁掌镇), Lushui County of Nujiang prefecture, which falls on every lunar second day to the sixth day of the Spring Festival, with the activities of singing, crossbow-shooting, sword mountain climbing, fire sea diving, and hot-spring bathing.
It is said that the bathing meeting is an important activity of Kuoshi Festival of Lisu people, which is equivalent to the Spring Festival of the Han nationality. Kuoshi Festival, starts from the the fifth day of lunar December to the tenth day of next January. They believe that after taking a bath in the hot spring during the bathing meeting, they won’t get sick for a year. So they gather from all directions to take the bath, after that, hold a crossbow competition, play on the swings, also have some commodity transaction. Therefore, it is also an annual grand gathering of Lisu people from both sides of the Nu river.
Chinese Name: 兰坪金鸡寺
English Name: Jinji Temple in Lanping County, Nujiang
Keywords: Jinji Temple in Lanping County, Lanping tourist sites, Lanping travel tips
Location: Lanping Bai & Pumi Autonomous County in Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture
Admission Fee: Free
Opening Hours: All the day
Jinji Temple (金鸡寺)
The temple was fist built in Jiaqing 15, Qing Dynasty (1810), and rebuilt in Guangxu 33 (1907), so it owns more than 100 years history. The ancient building group includes Kwan-yin Pavilion, Maitreya Temple, Jade Emperor Palace, Sanguan Temple, Dragon Spirit Hole etc. Jinji Temple got its name because of its precipitous location (in Chinese, jinji means Golden Cock, which means precipitous location). The Kwan-yin and the offering desk in Kwan-yin Pavilion are all carved by stone.
Maitreya Temple is just above the Kwan-yin Temple. Above the Maitreya Temple, there is a three-character inscription, Touching Star Platform. The style of writing is vigorous and powerful. The other temples are all stone-structured buildings including Sanqing Temple, Baozang Temple and Dimu Temple.
The Jade Emperor is built during Guangxu, Qing Dynasty, which is located at the south point of Jinji Mountain. Actually, the temple is built on a 50-square-meters platform above a huge cliff. Inside the temple there is a statue of Jade Emperor. Above the Jade Emperor there is a Sanqing Temple, which at the top of Jinji Mountain.
The temple roof is cloud-kissing and mysterious. People who come here for burning incense and offering up a sacrifice all feel horrible and afraid. The coward dare not go to the temple. However, because of the high position, you can view the scenery under your feet. Feeling the smooth wind, you will have a sense of well-being and delightfulness.
Attraction Transportation:
We can take the shuttle bus from Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture to go to Lanping Bai & Pumi Autonomous County, then transfer a local mini-bus to go there.
Attraction Travel Tips:
·Best seasons: all year round
Long Street Banquet, also known as Long Table Banquet(长街宴), is a time-honored culinary tradition prevailing among the Hani, Miao, Dong and Yi people. As an epitome of their food culture, etiquette, custom, singing and dancing, Long Street Banquet is usually held during festivals, grand occasions such as wedding ceremonies or newborn babies’ one-year-old birthday parties. Nowadays, as long as you join a group tour, you can experience this timeworn tradition all year around in the majority of Miao, Dong, Hani or Yi villages, which are mainly scattered in Southwest China, a treasure trove of minorities.
Long Street Banquet of Hani People
Over 1,600 Hani villagers in Habo Village(哈播村),Yuanyang County,Yunnan celebrate their new year in the 10th day of the 10th lunar month each year. Precluded with centuries-old rituals such as refurbishing their village gates and worship ancestors by presenting offerings in the first day, it culminates at Long Street Banquet in the second day and ends by singing and dancing in the third day.
In 2010, the Hani people living in Lvchun County(绿春县),Yunnan hosted the longest Long Street Banquet in the world. 3050 tables were laid end to end without a gap along the street like a long dragon. Stretching over 4,000m long, this dragon accommodated over 10,000 diners. Drumbeats, singing and dancing were used to bring out carnival atmosphere. The visual spectacle made of assorted delicacies and people in their festival bests, is simply breathtaking.
Underlying this mesmerizing event lays assorted settled rules. For instance, all of the table should be laid in the center of a square or the main street of a village, end to end without a gap, and aims to evoke the image of a dragon, a mythological auspicious animal in charge of timely rain and promises good harvest. The seating arrangement mirrors seniority, especially in the first table named “Dragon’s Head.” Just as the saying goes, birds of the same feather flock together, similar-minded Hani people of their own age, can choose the rest of the table at will.
Long Street Banquet involves infectious drum beats, eye-popping ethnic performances and dazzling fashion show. The food is diversified and delicious; the people are very hospitable, caring and entertaining. Just imagine sitting with gorgeously dressed Hani people, sharing their assorted dishes from forests and rivers, and listening to their beautiful singing, you will feel home in a foreign land.
http://www.ynich.cn/view-ml-11111-1164.html
Overview
- Chinese Name: 红河哈尼梯田文化旅游节
- English Name: Honghe Hani Rice Terraces Culture Tourism Festival
- Location: Yuanyang Hani Rice Terraces in Yuanyang County, Honghe
Honghe Hani Rice Terraces Culture Tourism Festival(红河哈尼梯田文化旅游节) is mainly held in Yuanyang County(元阳县), Honghe(红河), which is the hometown of Hani terraces. Yuanyang terraces has a history of more than 1,300 years, up to 3,000 levels from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain. During the festival, there are a series of colorful activities with Hani terraced farming culture as the main axis: visiting the millennuim terraced fields, experiencing terraced farming culture — catching fish, plowing fields, enjoying field singing and dancing, watching sunrise, viewing folk custom worship activities, tasting Hani Long Street Banquet, etc.
Introduction
The Hani terraces of the Honghe are the wonders of farming civilization created by the local “one mountain divided into four seasons, ten different days”(“一山分四季，十里不同天”) geographical climate conditions, which are estimated to have a history of more than 1,300 years. The terraces here are large in scale, stretching throughout the Honghe on the south banks of Yuanyang County(元阳县), Lvchun County(绿春县) and Jinping County(金平县). And there are 190,000 acres terraces in Yuanyang County alone.
In order to further improve the popularity of Honghe Hani Terraces, attract more people to visit Hani terraces for tourism and investment, accelerate the economic and social development of Yuanyang County(元阳县), and promote the development of Honghe tourism. Yuanyang County Party committee and government hold Hani Terraces Culture Tourism Festival every two years. This year’s Hani Terraces Culture Tourism Festival will be held from December 3rd to December 4th. During the festival, a variety of cultural activities, investment promotion, tourism promotion and Commodity Fair will be organized. Warmly welcome people from all over the world.
Every year at the Hani Terraces Culture Tourism Festival in Honghe, more than 10,000 people from all over the world watch the large-scale highland farming culture show named “Hani Terrace”(《哈尼梯田》), which directed by the famous dancer Yang Liping and performed by local Hani farmers. While enjoying the unique charm of the millennium Hani terraced farming civilization, visitors also enjoyed the magnificent scenery of the 10,000 acres terraced fields and tasted Hani Long Street Banquet.
Overview
Jinniu Street Mosque昆明金牛清真寺, also known as the East Gate Mosque, is located at 41 Jinniu Street in Kunming. Built during the Yuan Dynasty, it is a significant place of worship for Muslims in Kunming and the only well-preserved Chinese-style mosque in the city. In 1990, it was designated as a protected cultural relic in Panlong District, Kunming.
Historical Development
The mosque was originally constructed during the Yuan Dynasty by Hui Muslims from the northwest who were involved in the repair of the Panlong River under the leadership of Sayyid Ajall Shams al-Din Omar. Over the centuries, it has experienced several reconstructions and renovations:
- Xianfeng Bingchen Rebellion: The mosque suffered substantial damage.
- Guangxu Fifteenth Year (1889): Rebuilt and expanded with funds from the Hui Muslim community, the mosque was renovated, adding a five-room main hall, reception halls, wing rooms, and a minaret.
- 1941: Damaged during a Japanese air raid.
- 1943: Repaired again.
- Recent Renovations: The mosque has undergone multiple restorations, most recently preserving its historical appearance. It is the only well-preserved Chinese-style mosque in Kunming and was recognized as a protected cultural relic in 1990.
Structure and Layout
The main hall of the mosque is built with timber and earth, spanning 19 meters in width and 13 meters in depth. It can accommodate over 200 worshippers.
Community and Cooperation
Today, Jinniu Street Mosque is one of the most popular religious sites for Muslims in Kunming. It also attracts many non-Muslim visitors who come to learn about Islamic religion, culture, history, and the local Muslim way of life. The mosque serves as a friendly and welcoming place for cultural exchange and understanding.
Location and Transportation
The mosque is conveniently located at 41 Jinniu Street, Kunming, making it easily accessible for both locals and tourists.
Muslim Travel Tips
For Muslim travelers visiting Jinniu Street Mosque, here are some helpful tips:
- Prayer Facilities: The mosque provides ample space for daily prayers, with a capacity to accommodate over 200 worshippers.
- Cultural Experience: Take the opportunity to learn about the local Islamic culture, history, and architecture unique to this region.
- Local Cuisine: Explore nearby halal restaurants and eateries that offer a variety of delicious Hui Muslim dishes.
- Respect and Etiquette: While visiting the mosque, dress modestly and follow the mosque’s rules and guidelines to show respect for the local customs and religious practices.
- Tourist Information: Utilize the information available at the mosque to enhance your understanding of the local Muslim community and their contributions to the city’s history.
Jinniu Street Mosque not only serves as a place of worship but also as a cultural bridge for visitors interested in the rich heritage of Kunming’s Muslim population.
There are 82 mosques in Xundian Hui and Yi Autonomous County. By the end of 2007, the population of the Hui ethnic group reached more than 63.000, most of which were distributed in 12 villages and towns included Rende（仁德）, Tangzi（塘子）, Yangjie（羊街）, Hekou（河口）, Gongshan（功山）, Jinsuo（金所）, Xianfeng（先锋）, Kedu（柯渡）, Fengyi（凤仪）, Jinyuan（金源）, Diansha（甸沙） and Qixing（七星）. The most concentrated villages with Hui people are Tianqiaodi（甜荞地）, Sanyuanzhuang（三元庄）, Huangtupo（黄土坡）, Nalang（纳郎）, Zhongqiao（中桥）, Luchong（鲁冲）, Tangzi（塘子）, Huihuicun（回辉村）, Dangui（丹桂）, Xincun（新村）, Houjie（猴街）, Xishancun（西山村）, Jishuicun（积水村） as well as some ethnically mixed villages amounted to 164. The earliest mosques have a history of more than 700 years.
Architectural Style
The mosque is a symbol of the Hui village. It is a holy place where the Muslims do worshiping, chanting and other religious activities. It is also called the Temple of Prayer. The Arabic language is “Masjid” meaning “a place of worshiping Allah”.
The existing 82 mosques were built in the Ming and Qing dynasties and also over the period of the Republic of China. Dangui Mosque（丹桂寺）and Huihui Mosque（回辉寺）in Kedu, Sanyuanzhuang Mosque（三元庄寺） and Tianqiaodi Mosque（甜荞地寺）in Yangjie, Pulu Mosque（普鲁寺）in Xianfeng, Hongguoying Mosque（红果营寺）in Gongshan, Tangzida Mosque（塘子大寺）and Yilong Mosque（易隆寺）in Tangzi, Luchongda Mosque（鲁冲大寺）in Hekou, Beiying Mosque（北营清真大寺）in Rende and Zhonggucheng Mosque（中古城清真寺）are some famous mosques built in the Ming dynasty.
The architectural style of mosques are quite different from ancient to modern times. The layout of the prayer hall in ancient mosques is similar to that of imperial palaces. The minaret is mostly pavilion-style attic made up of several floors. However , the modern mosques are mostly a combination of Chinese and Western style of architecture with Arabic characteristics, such as green domes, spire topped with the crescent moon and star. The doors and windows of many ancient mosques still have beautiful carvings on the pavilions. Most of them are vivid landscape paintings of the kingdom of birds, reflecting the integration of the cultures of Han and Hui people.
Components of Mosque Complexes
- Main Prayer Hall (朝真殿):
- This hall is reserved for worship and religious activities, and secular discussions are not allowed. Only those who have purified themselves and are dressed in clean clothes can enter for prayers, chanting, and teaching. The hall typically faces west to east, with a recessed wall in the center featuring wooden carvings of Quranic verses in Arabic.
- Living Quarters:
- These include the Imam’s residence, kitchen, washroom, and bathing area, usually located on the side or in the gaps between the main hall and wing rooms.
- Educational Area:
- The north and south wing rooms often serve as classrooms, student dormitories, and offices.
- Minaret (叫拜楼 or 宣礼楼):
- Used for moon sighting, timekeeping, and calling for prayer, minarets are typically tall, multi-story pavilion-style towers or high spires. They often include additional rooms for commercial or service activities, making them central to religious, educational, and economic activities.
Development History
Flourishing and Challenges
The construction of mosques in Xundian has seen both flourishing periods and significant challenges over its 700-year history. During the Yuan and Ming dynasties, mosque construction reached its peak, with 48 mosques recorded by the end of the Ming dynasty. The early Qing period saw further development, but the late Qing period brought destruction due to the “Xiantong Rebellion,” which nearly wiped out the Hui population and destroyed all mosques. Reconstruction began gradually in the late Qing and early Republic of China periods.
Post-1958 Period
Following the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, the government’s policies of equality and mutual assistance allowed for the restoration of 63 mosques (including those transferred to other counties). Unfortunately, during the Anti-Rightist Movement in 1958 and the Cultural Revolution, many mosques were closed, repurposed, or demolished, and religious activities went underground.
Modern Era
Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, the government’s policies have protected and respected religious beliefs, leading to the reopening and reconstruction of mosques. More than 20 new mosques have been built to meet the growing needs of the Muslim community.
Muslim Travel Tips
- Visiting Mosques: When visiting mosques, dress modestly and respectfully. Remove shoes before entering prayer halls and follow local customs.
- Respect Religious Practices: Avoid engaging in secular discussions inside the mosque and participate quietly if observing prayers or religious activities.
- Explore Local Culture: Take time to explore the surrounding Hui villages and learn about the rich cultural integration of the Han and Hui people.
- Engage with the Community: Visiting local schools and community centers can provide deeper insights into the educational and cultural practices of the Hui people in Xundian.
三、List of Mosques in Xundian County
| 序号 | 所在乡、镇 | 场所名称 | 详细地址 | 始建年代 |
| 1 | 河
口 乡 |
鲁冲清真寺 | 鲁冲村委会鲁冲村 | 元代 |
| 2 | 长房子清真寺 | 鲁冲村委会长房子村 | 新建 | |
| 3 | 小龙潭清真寺 | 鲁冲村委会小龙潭村 | 新建 | |
| 4 | 浪泥坪清真寺 | 化桃箐村委会浪泥坪 | 明代 | |
| 5 | 新坪清真寺 | 化桃箐村委会新坪村 | 新建 | |
| 6 | 金
源 |
甸岗清真寺 | 金源村委会甸岗村 | 明代 |
| 7 | 安丰清真寺 | 安丰村委会安丰村 | 明代 | |
| 8 | 根恩清真寺 | 安丰村委会根恩村 | 新建 | |
| 9 | 石窝铺清真寺 | 沧溪村委会石窝铺村 | 清代 | |
| 10 | 甸沙 | 洒井清真寺 | 甸沙村委会洒井村 | 明代 |
| 11 | 功
山 镇 |
甸头清真寺 | 甸头村委会甸头小村 | 清代 |
| 12 | 菜地清真寺 | 菜地村村委会小新村 | 明代 | |
| 13 | 红果营清真寺 | 三保村委会红果营村 | 元代 | |
| 14 | 大水塘清真寺 | 三保村委会大水塘村 | 明代 | |
| 15 | 丫口塘清真寺 | 三保村委会丫口塘村 | 明代 | |
| 16 | 柯
渡 镇 |
甸头清真寺 | 丹桂村委会甸头村 | 明代 |
| 17 | 凤鸣清真寺 | 丹桂村委会甸头村 | 明代 | |
| 18 | 丹桂清真寺 | 丹桂村委会丹桂村 | 明代 | |
| 19 | 柯渡街清真寺 | 柯渡村委会柯渡街 | 明代 | |
| 20 | 回辉村清真寺 | 柯渡村委会回辉村 | 明代 | |
| 21 | 凹椅子清真寺 | 新村村委会凹椅子村 | 明代 | |
| 22 | 庵上清真寺 | 新村村委会庵上村 | 明代 | |
| 23 | 虎街清真寺 | 新村村委会虎街子村 | 清代 | |
| 24 | 新村清真寺 | 新村村委会新村 | 明代 | |
| 25 | 磨腮清真寺 | 磨腮村委会磨腮村 | 明代 | |
| 26 | 马庄清真寺 | 磨腮村委会马庄村镇 | 明代 | |
| 27 | 落塘清真寺 | 新沙村委会落塘村 | 明代 | |
| 28 | 古城清真寺 | 新庄村委会古城村 | 明代 | |
| 29 | 大村清真寺 | 新庄村委会大村 | 新建 | |
| 30 | 下村清真寺 | 新村村委下村 | 新建 | |
| 31 | 背水箐清真寺 | 磨腮村委会背水箐村 | 新建 | |
| 32 | 中村清真寺 | 新庄村委会中村 | 明代 | |
| 33 | 先
锋 乡 |
石洞门清真寺 | 普鲁村委会石洞门村 | 新建 |
| 34 | 鲁支本清真寺 | 窑上村委会鲁支本村 | 清代 | |
| 35 | 姚家村清真寺 | 鲁土村委会姚家村 | 清代 | |
| 36 | 墩子清真寺 | 富鲁村委会墩子村 | 清代 | |
| 37 | 松树地清真寺 | 富鲁村委会松树地村 | 清代 | |
| 38 | 富尔阁清真寺 | 富鲁村委会富尔阁村 | 明代 | |
| 39 | 且卖姑清真寺 | 普鲁村委会且卖姑村 | 明代 | |
| 40 | 普鲁清真寺 | 普鲁村委会普鲁村 | 明代 | |
| 41 | 石头地清真寺 | 普鲁村委会石头地村 | 新建 | |
| 42 | 七
星 乡 |
赵回上村清真寺 | 江外村委会赵回上村 | 明代 |
| 43 | 赵回下村清真寺 | 腊味村委会赵回下村 | 明代 | |
| 44 | 袜笼清真寺 | 江格村委会袜笼村 | 清代 | |
| 45 | 江格清真寺 | 江格村委会江格村 | 清代 | |
| 46 | 仁
德 镇 |
北营清真寺 | 学府村委会北营街 | 明代 |
| 47 | 玉屏清真寺 | 南钟村委会玉屏村 | 明代 | |
| 48 | 海子屯清真寺 | 建设村委会海子屯村 | 新建 | |
| 49 | 新发村清真寺 | 北观村委会新发村 | 清代 | |
| 50 | 新村清真寺 | 和平村委会新村 | 明代 | |
| 51 | 白家村清真寺 | 和平村委会白家村 | 明代 | |
| 52 | 中古城清真寺 | 中桥村委会中古城村 | 明代 | |
| 53 | 下古城清真寺 | 中桥村委会下古城村 | 明代 | |
| 54 | 蛤蟆塘清真寺 | 中桥村委会蛤蟆塘村 | 明代 | |
| 55 | 三眼井清真寺 | 北观村委会三眼井村 | 新建 | |
| 56 | 雨布村清真寺 | 中桥村委会雨布村 | 明代 | |
| 57 | 塘
子 镇 |
塘子清真寺 | 塘子村委会塘子村 | 明代 |
| 58 | 石头嘴清真寺 | 塘子村委会石头嘴村 | 明代 | |
| 59 | 小华坡清真寺 | 塘子村委会小华坡村 | 新建 | |
| 60 | 小横山清真寺 | 塘子村委会小横山村 | 清代 | |
| 61 | 西山村清真寺 | 塘子村委会西山村 | 新建 | |
| 62 | 聂鼠笼清真寺 | 云集村委会聂鼠笼村 | 新建 | |
| 63 | 易隆清真寺 | 易隆村委会易隆村 | 明代 | |
| 64 | 金
所 乡 |
栽开清真寺 | 泽铁村委会栽开村 | 明代 |
| 65 | 白家哨清真寺 | 天生桥村委会白家哨村 | 明代 | |
| 66 | 马嘎清真寺 | 新田村委会马嘎村 | 新建 | |
| 67 | 羊
街 镇 |
黄土坡清真寺 | 羊街镇黄土坡村 | 明代 |
| 68 | 三元庄清真寺 | 羊街镇三元庄村 | 明代 | |
| 69 | 新街清真寺 | 羊街镇新街村 | 新建 | |
| 70 | 纳郎清真寺 | 羊街镇纳郎村 | 明代 | |
| 71 | 花箐哨清真寺 | 清水沟村委会花箐哨村 | 新建 | |
| 72 | 羊街清真寺 | 羊街镇村委会羊街村 | 新建 | |
| 73 | 甜荞地清真寺 | 甜荞地村委会甜荞地村 | 明代 | |
| 74 | 凤
仪 乡 |
昔卡里清真寺 | 集城村委会昔卡里村 | 新建 |
| 75 | 小书米丹清真寺 | 集城村委会小书米丹村 | 明代 | |
| 76 | 西山村清真寺 | 集城村委会西山村 | 明代 | |
| 77 | 落锁清真寺 | 积水村委会落锁村 | 明代 | |
| 78 | 积水塘清真寺 | 积水村委会积水塘村 | 新建 | |
| 79 | 的哩卡清真寺 | 积水村委会的哩卡村 | 新建 | |
| 80 | 集宝清真寺 | 发来古村委会集宝古村 | 明代 | |
| 81 | 大双岭清真寺 | 牛街村委大双岭村 | 新建 | |
| 82 | 白燕找清真寺 | 积水村委会北燕找村 | 新建 |
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