Overview

Jiyi Cave (吉意溶洞) is the latest large karst cave discovered near Lugu Lake (泸沽湖). The crystal-clear Jiyi River (吉意河) flows eastward from the village, surrounded by lush mountains and streams, creating a picturesque landscape. The village predominantly houses the Mosuo people (摩梭族), and to the north lies a mountain ridge, from which one can hike a few miles to reach the ancient Yiyi Cave (古意溶洞).

• Chinese Name: 吉意溶洞
• Location: Hongqiao Township (红桥乡), Ninglang County (宁蒗县), Yunnan Province (云南省)
• Opening Hours: Year-round, Monday to Sunday, 09:00-17:00
• Nearby Ethnic Group: Mosuo (摩梭族)
• Area: 12 square kilometers
• Total Length: Over 1 kilometer
• Composition: Main cave, upper cave, and numerous branch caves

Main Attractions

Jiyi Cave features a rich and bizarre landscape, with spacious interiors adorned with stunning stalactites, creating a magnificent underground labyrinth.

The highest point of the cave reaches over 30 meters, with a width of 20 meters. The cave system spans an area of 12 square kilometers, accommodating thousands of visitors. Approximately 400 meters from the main entrance, a clear spring emerges year-round, allowing for visibility of swimming fish.

Inside the cave, formations resemble chandeliers, lions, and even Bodhisattvas. Spectacular stone flowers bloom beside stone columns, while mythical figures like the “Five Hundred Arhats” (五百罗汉) and “Eight Great Kings” (八大金刚) shine like stars in the grand hall, depicting realistic shapes of people, birds, beasts, insects, fish, flowers, and grass in a myriad of forms. These formations range from dark brown to brilliant golden hues, often appearing in three-dimensional shapes such as stone pillars, stalagmites, and stone flowers, some hanging from the ceiling or growing from the cave floor.

During the Qingming Festival (清明节), many local ethnic groups come to the cave to burn incense and pray under a giant statue of Guanyin (观音).

Geographic Location

Jiyi Cave is located in Hongqiao Township (红桥乡), Ninglang County (宁蒗县), Yunnan Province (云南省). It is the newest large cave discovered near Lugu Lake (泸沽湖). The scenic Jiyi River (吉意河) flows through the village, with crystal-clear streams creating a beautiful landscape. The village mainly consists of the Mosuo people (摩梭族), and a mountain ridge to the north leads to the cave after a few miles of hiking.

Historical Legend

According to legend, a long time ago, one morning, a group of pilgrims traveling to worship the Sacred Mountains (诸神山) encountered a Mosuo woman collecting water at the village entrance. An elderly monk approached her and asked the name of the place. The woman, feeling nervous and shy, misheard the question, thinking he asked what she was doing, and casually replied, “Jiyi” (吉意) in the Mosuo language, meaning “carrying water.” The monk responded, “Oh, Jiyi, what a lovely name!” From that day forward, the place has been known as Jiyi.

How to Get There

Public Transport

• Bus: Take a bus from Lijiang (丽江) to Ninglang County (宁蒗县). Upon arrival, local transport can take you to Hongqiao Township (红桥乡).

Private Transport

• Car: Renting a car or hiring a taxi from Lijiang to Ninglang County is advisable for a more comfortable journey.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn offer the most pleasant weather for exploration.
• Recommended Duration: Allocate at least half a day to fully experience the cave and its surroundings.
• What to Bring: Wear comfortable shoes for hiking, carry water, and don’t forget your camera to capture the stunning formations inside the cave.

Overview

Heishuihe River (黑水河) is a tributary of the Jinsha River (金沙江), flowing through Lijiang (丽江) in Yunnan Province, China. It is situated about 4 kilometers from the Baishuihe River (白水河) and follows a similar direction. The riverbed of Heishuihe primarily consists of basalt, which gives it a dark blue-black color.

The Baishuihe River runs between Ganhai Zi (甘海子) and Yunhe (云河). Its riverbed is made up of sedimentary limestone fragments, resulting in a gray-white color. The clear spring water flowing over the stones appears white, leading to the name “Baishuihe.” Both rivers are characterized by their continuous flow of pure, unpolluted water, which becomes a natural ice-cold drink in the summer.

Legend

In the Dongba (东巴) scripture of the Naxi (纳西) people, “Luban Lurao” (《鲁般鲁饶》), black and white are used to explain the essence of all things in the world, emphasizing the harmony of yin and yang. The black and white waters symbolize a natural river of love, suggesting that smooth passage is possible. Surrounded by lush greenery, a magnificent crystal white glimmers in the sunlight, resembling a frozen waterfall hanging amidst the verdant mountains. This area, known as Baishuitai (白水台), is considered the birthplace of Naxi culture.

Heishuihe Scenic Area

The Heishuihe Scenic Area (黑水河风景区) is a vital part of the Yulong Snow Mountain National Scenic Area (玉龙雪山国家级风景名胜区) located in Yulong Naxi Autonomous County (玉龙纳西族自治县) in Lijiang. The area is renowned for its stunning natural beauty and unique landscapes, attracting numerous visitors.

Journey Through Heishuihe River

On November 28, 2020, a group of 18 people departed from Qingxi Reservoir (清溪水库) at 08:30 and arrived at Heishui Village (黑水村) at 09:20, where they began their “leisurely” hike after a warm-up activity.

The Heishuihe and Baishuihe rivers are called Jina Ji (吉纳吉) and Jipan Ji (吉盘吉) in the Naxi language. These rivers originate from the green glaciers on the peak of Heishui Snow Mountain (黑水雪山).

The snow mountain is often referred to as an everlasting solid reservoir of water. The meltwater cascades from the towering cliffs, forming numerous streams that sometimes plunge underground, only to emerge again at the cliff’s base. The spring waters separate and converge multiple times, ultimately merging to form the Heishuihe and Baishuihe rivers.

The riverbed of Baishuihe is lined with white pebbles, resulting in the water appearing white as it flows over them. Conversely, the riverbed of Heishuihe consists of black pebbles, giving the water a dark hue.

Walking Route

The day’s hike was very relaxing. The group, composed of “Eight Great Kings” (八大金刚) and “Perfect Ten” (十全十美), traversed a short rugged uphill path in Heishui Village. This path is part of the water diversion project constructed from Heishui River, and it is well-maintained—about one meter wide and set amidst a forest and shrubs at an altitude of around 3000 meters. The path is relatively flat, making it suitable for a leisurely hike.

Invitation from Heishuihe

On November 28, 2020, during the hike along Heishuihe River, the following lines were penned:

After walking for more than five kilometers, at noon, our guide Zhu found a very flat area surrounded by wood where we could comfortably sit down for lunch. We began our joyful meal.

How to Get There

Public Transport

• Bus: You can take Bus No. 7 from Yuyuan Bridge (玉缘桥) in Lijiang Ancient Town to Ganhai Zi (甘海子) for approximately 15 yuan, with buses running every 30 minutes.

Private Transport

• Carpool: Sharing a van from Lijiang to Yulong Snow Mountain costs about 200 yuan for a round trip.

Direct Bus

• Buses: Daily direct buses to Yulong Snow Mountain are available in the morning. Tickets can be purchased online, and the departure point will be confirmed the night before. Round-trip tickets are around 40 yuan.

Taxi

• Taxi Fare: A one-way taxi ride costs approximately 80-100 yuan.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and summer provide the best weather and scenery for exploring the area.
• Recommended Duration: Plan for a full day to enjoy the attractions and activities available.
• What to Bring: Wear comfortable shoes, bring water, and keep your camera handy for stunning views.

Overview

The Sandieshui (神龙三叠水), or Three Stacking Water, is a stunning natural attraction located in Yushuizhai (玉水寨), Lijiang (丽江). According to a beautiful legend, this spring is a site where the Yulong God (玉龙神) often appears. Every year, the Yulong God descends to survey the Lijiang Basin, playfully creating three waterfalls as it flows down. The first waterfall is known as “Chulong Waterfall” (出龙瀑), the second as “Xilong Waterfall” (戏龙瀑), and the third as “Songlong Waterfall” (送龙瀑). This enchanting name reflects the beauty of the waterfalls, which consist of a variety of cascades of different heights. The crystal-clear water signifies the purity of the spring, and the sound of the rushing waterfalls enhances the tranquil atmosphere of the Dongba Sacred Land (东巴圣地).

Sandieshui (三叠水) in Yushuizhai (玉水寨) in Lijiang refers to a traditional dining custom among the Naxi people. It involves serving three tiers of dishes in a sequence, representing a full ceremonial meal. The first tier typically consists of sweet dishes like rice cakes, candied fruits, and fresh seasonal fruits. The second tier includes cold dishes such as local specialties like liver slices and cold noodles, along with ham and dried tofu. The third tier features hot dishes, often steamed, highlighting seasonal produce and local delicacies. Sandieshui is considered a symbol of hospitality and respect, especially when welcoming honored guests.

Legend

The legend speaks of the Yulong God who emerges from the spring, frolicking in the water and forming three distinct tiers. Each waterfall presents a unique character:

• Chulong Waterfall (出龙瀑): Represents the dragon’s emergence.
• Xilong Waterfall (戏龙瀑): Symbolizes the dragon’s playful nature.
• Songlong Waterfall (送龙瀑): Marks the dragon’s departure.

The combination of these waterfalls creates a breathtaking spectacle reminiscent of a dragon maiden accidentally dropping her scarf while bathing in the holy waters. The ponds below are lush with aquatic plants, and schools of fish swim joyfully, embodying the blessings granted by the divine spring.

Cultural Significance

In another Dongba Sacred Land known as Baishuitai (白水台) in Zhongdian, clear springs are similarly revered. Chinese civilization, along with many ancient cultures, has its roots in river basins, forming an inseparable bond with water. Water is not only the essence of life but also a symbol of civilization. For the Naxi people (纳西), water plays an essential role in their lives, as they yearn for serene and picturesque environments. They regard places with holy spring water as sacred spaces to worship deities.

The Naxi people’s reverence for Sandieshui is evident in their daily lives; they mimic the three tiers of the spring when using water, symbolizing rational water usage. They present “Three Stacking Water” during family feasts, arranging dishes in three tiers, and incorporate the concept into their homes and clothing.

Features

Sandieshui is a significant landscape in Yushuizhai, where a large spring flows down the mountainside, forming three major tiers. The waterfalls are a collection of cascades, both large and small, each contributing to the overall beauty of the site. The tranquility of the area, complemented by the gentle sounds of the waterfalls, adds to its peaceful ambiance.

Contact Information

• Phone: 0888-5190108

Estimated Time

• Duration: 1-3 hours

Access

• Take Bus 6 to Yushuizhai, then walk 500 meters to reach the site.

Entrance Fee

• For specific details, please consult the scenic area.

Opening Hours

• Hours: 08:00-18:00 (January 1 – December 31, Monday – Sunday)

Location

Yushuizhai Scenic Area (玉水寨旅游风景区) is located in the northern part of Yulong County (玉龙县), Lijiang, Yunnan Province (云南省).

How to Get There

1. Public Transport: Take a bus from Lijiang City Bus Station to Yushuizhai. From Hongyang Square, transfer to Bus 7 and get off at “Baisha Station” (白沙站). Walk about 20 minutes to reach Baisha Ancient Town, where you can catch a minibus to Yushuizhai.
2. Taxi: You can also take a taxi from Lijiang, which is approximately 18 kilometers away.

Nearby Attractions

• Yushuizhai (玉水寨): Located 15 kilometers north of Lijiang, at the foot of Yulong Snow Mountain (玉龙雪山), this area is known for its beautiful scenery and rich ethnic culture.
• Dongba Ten Thousand Gods Garden (东巴万神园): A part of the Yulong Snow Mountain scenic area, located next to Yufeng Temple (玉峰寺).
• Yuzhu Qingtian Scenic Area (玉柱擎天风景区): Located south of Yulong Snow Mountain, known for its beautiful landscapes and various attractions, including the historic Rock Inscriptions and the ancient residence of Austrian scholar Joseph Rock.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Early morning or late afternoon for the best lighting and fewer crowds.
• Photography: Bring a camera to capture the breathtaking views and serene waterfalls.
• Local Cuisine: Consider trying Naxi dishes in nearby eateries after your visit.

Overview

The Five-Phoenix Tower (五凤楼), originally named Fuyun Pavilion (法云阁), is located at the northern end of Black Dragon Pool Park (黑龙潭公园) in Lijiang (丽江). It was first constructed in the 29th year of the Wanli era (万历二十九年) of the Ming Dynasty (1601) and was designated as a key cultural relic protection unit in Yunnan Province in 1983. The tower is renowned for its exquisite architecture and has gained a prestigious reputation both domestically and internationally.

History

During the First Year of the Tongzhi era (同治甲子年, 1864), the nearby Fuguo Temple (福国寺) was destroyed by fire. It was rebuilt in the 8th year of the Guangxu era (光绪八年, 1882). The most famous structure of the temple is the Five-Phoenix Tower, which is also referred to as “Liberation Forest” (解脱林). This three-story octagonal pavilion reaches a height of 20 meters and features 24 eaves that resemble five phoenixes ready to take flight, which is how it acquired its name. Unfortunately, during the Cultural Revolution, the temple was destroyed, but the Five-Phoenix Tower and the gate of Liberation Forest were preserved and relocated to Black Dragon Pool Park in 1979, allowing visitors to admire them.

Key Attractions

• Liberation Forest (解脱林)
• Black Dragon Pool (黑龙潭)

Structure

The tower stands 20 meters tall and is structured with a layered three-tiered design, resembling the shape of the character “亚”. It features 32 columns, with four central columns each reaching 12 meters in height, using the dou-gong (斗拱) bracket system. The ceiling is adorned with vibrant patterns, including the Taiji (太极图), heavenly kings, and dragons and phoenixes, showcasing architectural styles from Han, Tibetan, and Naxi cultures, making it a rare treasure of ancient Chinese architecture.

Current Status

Today, the Five-Phoenix Tower stands majestically at the foot of Elephant Mountain (象山), in the northwest corner of Black Dragon Pool, adding a new scenic element to the area. The tower has a nearly square layout, measuring 18.9 meters in width and 17.78 meters in depth, covering an area of 256 square meters. With its unique shape, intricate carvings, and colorful paintings, the tower embodies the cultural characteristics of the Naxi (纳西), Bai (白), and Tibetan (藏) ethnic groups, enjoying a strong reputation both nationally and internationally. On January 13, 1983, it was listed as a provincial cultural relic protection unit by the Yunnan provincial government.

How to Get There

The Five-Phoenix Tower is accessible from Lijiang Old Town (丽江古城) by a short drive or a leisurely walk through Black Dragon Pool Park. Public transportation options, including buses and taxis, are available.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Early morning or late afternoon for fewer crowds and beautiful lighting.
• Entrance Fee: Check for any entrance fees for Black Dragon Pool Park.
• Photography: Bring a camera to capture the stunning architecture and scenic surroundings.
• Local Cuisine: Explore nearby restaurants to sample Naxi cuisine after your visit.

Overview

Yuzhu Qingtian Scenic Area (玉柱擎天风景区) is located on the southern slopes of Yulong Snow Mountain (玉龙雪山), in an area often referred to as the first village under Yulong Mountain—Wulukeng (巫鲁肯, Baisha Yuhu Village). It is situated approximately ten miles from the ancient city of Lijiang. With an elevation of about 2,800 meters, the area boasts several attractions, including:

• Giant Stone Inscriptions (巨石壁字)
• Prince’s Cave (太子洞)
• Guanyin Rock (观音岩)
• Snow Cedar Temple (雪松庵)
• Thousand-Year-Old Trees (千年古树)
• Upper and Lower Deep Pools Waterfall (上下深潭瀑布)
• Former Residence of Austrian Scholar Rock (美藉奥地利学者洛克旧居)
• Leech Dam (高山蚂蝗坝)
• Fairy Trail Cliff (仙迹崖)
• Rhododendron Mountain (杜鹃山)
• Mu Tianwang Pasture (木天王牧场)
• Garden of Ten Thousand Flowers (万花园)
• Rock Collision (岩碰岩)
• Sansi Water (三思水)
• Scenic Beauty (风光旖)
• A Place of Unique Elegance (秀甲一方)

Geographic Location

• Chinese Name: 玉柱擎天风景区
• Elevation: Approximately 2,800 meters
• Location: Yufeng Temple Road North, Yulong Naxi Autonomous County, Lijiang City, Yunnan Province (云南省丽江市玉龙纳西族自治县玉峰寺路路北)
• Opening Hours: Year-round, Monday to Sunday, 07:30-18:00

Scenic Area Overview

Yuzhu Qingtian Scenic Area is historically known as the summer palace for local Naxi (纳西) chieftains. The area combines stunning natural features such as snow-capped mountains, crystal-clear lakes, and rock carvings, with rich cultural elements, including Dongba (东巴) culture, Tibetan Buddhism, and diverse ethnic customs. The well-established transportation facilities and high-quality services make it a vital window into the experience of Lijiang, providing a peaceful sanctuary for the soul.

Historical Background

Since the Ming Dynasty (明代), this area has served as a summer retreat for Naxi chieftains. It became a meeting place for local literati and scholars, symbolizing the Naxi’s respect for and integration of various cultures.

During the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor in the Qing Dynasty (清朝), the first official of Lijiang inscribed the characters “Yuzhu Qingtian” (玉柱擎天) on a cliff, marking it as the earliest Han Chinese rock carving in Lijiang. The adjacent characters “Yubi Jinchuan” (玉壁金川) were inscribed by the Lijiang district magistrate Nie Rui in 1725. These carvings, though weathered by time, remain partially legible and illustrate the fusion of nature and human creativity, reflecting the ancient craftsmanship that continues to amaze contemporary visitors.

Key Attractions

Mural Scroll of Wulukeng Chronicles (巫鲁肯纪事壁画长卷)

Wulukeng, meaning “under the silver mountain” in Naxi, is known as the first village at the foot of Yulong Mountain. The mural scroll in Yixian Tower (逸仙楼), created by Naxi artist Zhao Youheng in the 1960s, consists of nine panels that vividly depict the harmonious coexistence of ancient Naxi ancestors with nature. The panels illustrate:

1. Climbing: A brave group of Naxi ancestors scaling the virgin peak of Yulong Snow Mountain.
2. Yuzhu Qingtian: The life-giving spring adorned with mysterious Dongba paintings, symbolizing the ancestors’ reverence for water sources.
3. Home: Inscriptions detailing the Naxi ancestral legacy: “I am a descendant of the brothers who opened the heavens and the sisters who split the earth…”
4. Divine Mountain: The revered mountain Yulong, depicted alongside galloping white horses and joyful Naxi dancers.
5. Ancient Hunt: A Naxi hunter observing a group of beautiful deer, symbolizing compassion and protection of wildlife.
6. Farming: Illustrations of lush meadows and farmers laboring joyfully.
7. Secret Realm: Scenic views that captivate scientists and artists from around the world.
8. Childhood Fun: Kites and swings that evoke nostalgia.
9. Tea Horse Road: Horse caravans transporting goods like tea and salt towards the Himalayas.

Giant Stone Inscriptions (巨古壁字)

On a cliff about 30 meters high, the inscription “Yuzhu Qingtian” was carved in 1724 by the first official of Lijiang, Yang. Beneath it is the inscription “Yubi Jinchuan,” also notable for its historical significance, directly linked to the important historical event known as “Reform of Land System” (改土归流). These inscriptions stand as testament to the grandeur of Yulong Snow Mountain and the cultural history of the area.

Scenic Experience

The combination of snow-capped mountains, lakes, springs, and ancient towns creates a harmonious atmosphere where the summer palace of chieftains, Dongba shrines, and Buddhist relics coexist, offering a serene haven for the soul—a true Eden inhabited by celestial beings.

How to Get There

To reach Yuzhu Qingtian Scenic Area from Lijiang:

• By Taxi: Approximately a 30-minute ride from the ancient city.
• Local Tours: Many operators offer packages that include transportation to the scenic area.
• Public Bus: A cost-effective option with regular services available.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) for ideal weather conditions.
• Guided Tours: Consider joining a guided tour for deeper cultural insights.
• Respect Local Customs: Be mindful of the Naxi culture and avoid disturbances.
• Photography: Capture the breathtaking landscapes but ask for permission before photographing locals.
• Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water, especially in high-altitude areas.
• Wear Comfortable Shoes: Good footwear is essential for navigating uneven terrain.

Overview

Guanyin Valley (观音峡景区), known as the gateway to Yulong Pass (玉龙关), is one of the six major passes in the Lijiang Basin. It is famously referred to as “the first scenic spot in Lijiang.” This area is characterized by its stunning natural landscapes, including mountains, canyons, forests, and lakes, intertwined with cultural elements like the ancient tea horse road, Naxi (纳西) villages, and various folk customs and religious practices. The phrase, “漫漫雄关邱塘道，悠悠茶马滇藏情,” encapsulates the essence of Guanyin Valley, which is historically significant as the first perilous fortress on the Tea Horse Road (茶马古道) between Yunnan (云南) and Tibet (藏).

Historically, Xu Xiake (徐霞客), a famous Chinese traveler, described Qiu Tang Pass (邱塘关) as “the key to Lijiang,” symbolizing its importance as an entry point into the region.

Geographical Importance

Strategically located along the main routes to Tibet (藏), Nujiang (怒江), and Bashu (巴蜀), Guanyin Valley serves as a major transit hub for trade, making it a critical checkpoint for merchants. The area once saw the establishment of the Mu Family Courtyard (木家别院) by the legendary figure Mu Wangye (木王爷), reflecting its historical significance in safeguarding trade routes.

Key Information

• Chinese Name: 丽江观音峡景区
• English Name: LIJIANG GUANYIN XIA
• Opening Hours: Year-round, Monday to Sunday, 07:30-18:30
• Location: Yunnan Province, Lijiang City
• Honorary Title: Lijiang’s First Scenic Spot
• Main Attractions:
  • Lianggma Bridge (良马桥)
  • Yunnan-Tibet Tea House (滇藏茶楼)
• Scenic Area Divisions:
  • Huanglong Pool (黄龙潭)
  • Tea Horse Culture Zone (茶马文化区)
  • Canyon Landscape Zone (峡谷景观区)

Scenic Layout

The scenic area is divided into several zones, each offering unique experiences that highlight both natural beauty and cultural richness.

Attractions

1. Lianggma Bridge (良马桥): A historical bridge representing trade routes.
2. Yunnan-Tibet Tea House (滇藏茶楼): A cultural hub showcasing local tea traditions.
3. Huanglong Pool Waterfall (黄龙泉瀑布): A picturesque waterfall surrounded by lush greenery.
4. Guanyin Waterfall (观音峡瀑布): Known for its breathtaking views and serene atmosphere.
5. Xu Xiake Pavilion (霞客亭): A memorial to the famous traveler who stayed here.
6. Tianxiang Tower (天香塔): A unique tower reflecting Naxi architectural styles.
7. Mu Family Courtyard (木家别院): A historic site illustrating traditional Naxi family life.

Visitors can ride an electric slide that runs through the canyon, offering both excitement and stunning views. The slide is approximately 1200 meters long with a vertical drop of over 30 meters, allowing for an engaging experience.

Electric Slide Ride

• Length: 1200 meters
• Vertical Drop: Over 30 meters
• Speed: Up to 7 km/h
• Features: A closed-loop system with straight paths, bends, and thrilling descents.

Tourism Experience

To access Guanyin Valley from Lijiang Old Town, it typically takes about 30 minutes by taxi or through local tour services. The journey begins at the “Tea Horse Road Point,” a historical pathway that facilitated trade through the use of horse caravans, thriving particularly during the Tang (唐) and Song (宋) dynasties.

Once you pass through Mu Family Bridge (木家桥), you’ll arrive at the Mu Family Courtyard, a splendid example of Naxi architecture, featuring multiple courtyards and intricate details. Walking along Tea Horse Street (茶马古街), you’ll encounter many traditional workshops and shops that reflect the historical significance of this trade route.

As you proceed, you’ll see the unique Tianxiang Tower, a Naxi sacrificial tower, and the Xu Xiake Pavilion, highlighting the area’s rich cultural heritage. The vibrant markets, surrounded by lush greenery and fragrant wildflowers, create a picturesque environment, with willows gracefully reflected in tranquil lakes.

How to Get There

To reach Guanyin Valley from Lijiang Old Town:

• Taxi: Approximately 30 minutes.
• Local Tours: Various operators offer packages that include transportation.
• Bus: Regular services are available, providing an economical option.

Transportation Options:

• Taxi: Quick and convenient.
• Local Tours: Comprehensive tours often include transport.
• Bus: A budget-friendly way to travel.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) for the most pleasant weather.
• Guided Tours: Opt for guided tours for in-depth cultural insights.
• Respect Local Customs: Be aware of Naxi cultural practices and avoid disruptions.
• Photography: Capture the stunning landscapes, but seek permission when photographing locals.
• Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water, especially in high-altitude areas.
• Comfortable Shoes: Wear sturdy shoes suitable for uneven terrain.

Guanyin Valley offers an enchanting combination of natural beauty and rich cultural heritage, making it a captivating destination in Yunnan Province.

Overview

Dongba Kingdom (东巴王国) is located at the foot of Yulong Snow Mountain (玉龙雪山) in Lijiang (丽江), Yunnan Province (云南省), approximately 12 kilometers from the ancient city of Lijiang. It is one of the main attractions in the Lijiang Dayu Long Tourist Area (丽江大玉龙旅游景区) and covers an expansive area of 160 acres. The purpose of Dongba Kingdom is to inherit and promote the Naxi Dongba culture (纳西东巴文化), vividly showcasing a theme of respecting nature and harmonious development with the environment.

Attractions

The scenic area consists of two main parts: Dongba culture (东巴文化) and ancient Naxi (纳西) ancestral villages. It is subdivided into smaller sections, each offering unique insights into Naxi heritage and spirituality:

• Pictographic Character Square (象形文字广场): Features the Dongba Pictographic Character Wall (东巴象形文字墙), which is an essential attraction that highlights the rich symbolic language of the Naxi people.
• Five Grains Bridge (五谷桥): Represents agricultural significance and is designed to symbolize the importance of crops in Naxi culture.
• Gateway Area – Staff (门户区·法杖): A ceremonial area featuring symbolic staff used in Dongba rituals.
• Shenlu Map (神路图): An ancient stone carving that is regarded as the “longest ancient religious painting” in history, providing a visual representation of Naxi cosmology and belief systems.
• Naxi Cultural Totem Square (纳西文化图腾广场): Displays intricate totem poles that reflect the spiritual beliefs and cultural identity of the Naxi people.
• Ancient Naxi Ancestral Village (纳西先民古村落): A reconstructed village that offers a glimpse into the traditional lifestyle and community of the Naxi ancestors.

Key Attractions

1. Dongba Pictographic Character Wall (东巴象形文字墙):
   • Length: 99 meters
   • Height: 4.9 meters
   • Features over 1,400 Dongba characters categorized into 18 groups, including astronomy, geography, anthropology, and ornithology. It serves as a living testament to the Naxi people’s communication with nature and the cosmos.
2. Shenlu Map (神路图):
   • Dimensions: 10 meters wide and 250 meters long
   • Recognized as a masterpiece of ancient religious art, the Shenlu Map illustrates the mythology and cosmology of the Naxi people, detailing their beliefs about the creation of the universe and the relationship between humans and nature.
3. Naxi Ancestral Village (纳西先民古村落):
   • A representation of the traditional Naxi lifestyle, showcasing original architectural styles and everyday life, helping visitors understand the socio-cultural evolution of the Naxi people.

Cultural Significance

Lijiang has been a beautiful and peaceful place since ancient times, known for its multicultural environment. Over a thousand years ago, the Naxi people, living near the Jinsha River (金沙江) within the Hengduan Mountains (横断山脉), created a unique and mystical pictographic writing system known as Dongba characters. This system records the natural world and human existence and is recognized as a “living fossil of writing.” Remarkably, this ancient and mysterious symbol has been preserved and continues to be used today.

The Dongba religion (东巴教), the original faith of the Naxi people, has no formal doctrines or unified organization. The priests who conduct religious ceremonies are known as “Dongba,” meaning “wise ones who perform divinations and recite scriptures.” They serve as the main disseminators of Naxi culture, performing rituals for various life events and ceremonies.

Dongba Kingdom symbolizes the Naxi people’s cultural protection and development, allowing ancient traditions to thrive in nature, illustrating the spiritual and cultural richness of the Naxi community.

Unique Features

Dongba Kingdom covers 160 acres and is divided into five main sections, each rich in cultural significance:

1. Pictographic Character Square (象形文字广场): Features the ancient Dongba Pictographic Character Wall, a crucial cultural heritage site.
2. Naxi Cultural Totem Square (纳西文化图腾广场): Displays totem poles that embody the spirit and identity of the Naxi culture, serving as symbols of their beliefs and values.
3. Stone Carvings of Dongba Figures (东巴): Statues of significant Dongba figures allow visitors to pay tribute to the pioneers of Dongba culture and reflect on their contributions to Naxi identity.
4. Shenlu Map (神路图): The sacred stone carving regarded as the longest religious painting in ancient times, offering a visual narrative of the Naxi cosmology.
5. Ancient Naxi Ancestral Village (纳西先民古村落): A site that reflects the traditional lifestyle and beliefs of the Naxi people, serving as a living museum of their cultural heritage.

Walking into Dongba Kingdom feels like stepping back in time, with culture, knowledge, customs, and religion vividly displayed. The revival of ancient culture and the diversity of religious beliefs highlight the depth of Dongba’s historical significance.

How to Get There

To reach Dongba Kingdom from Lijiang’s Old Town, you can take a taxi, which takes about 30 minutes, or opt for a local tour service. Buses are available as a budget-friendly transportation option, with regular routes running between Lijiang and the scenic area.

Transportation Options:

• Taxi: Quick and convenient; approximately 30 minutes from Lijiang Old Town.
• Local Tours: Many tour operators offer packages that include transportation to Dongba Kingdom.
• Bus: Economical option with regular schedules, typically taking about 40-50 minutes.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) are ideal for pleasant weather and vibrant scenery.
• Guided Tours: Consider joining a guided tour for deeper insights into Dongba culture, including detailed explanations of the significance of various symbols and rituals.
• Respect Local Customs: Be mindful of local traditions and practices, especially when interacting with the Naxi community, and avoid disturbing religious ceremonies.
• Photography: Bring a camera, as the scenery and cultural elements provide excellent photo opportunities; just ensure to ask for permission if photographing people.
• Stay Hydrated: The elevation and activities may cause dehydration, so drink plenty of water during your visit.
• Wear Comfortable Shoes: The terrain may require walking on uneven paths, so comfortable footwear is recommended.

With its rich cultural heritage and stunning natural surroundings, Dongba Kingdom offers a unique experience that connects visitors with the ancient traditions of the Naxi people, making it a must-visit destination in Yunnan Province.

Sifang Street (四方街) is located in the center of Lijiang Old Town (丽江古城), with convenient transportation and tranquil alleys surrounding it. It is said to have been built during the Ming Dynasty (明代) by the Mu clan (木氏) according to the shape of its seal. This area serves as the most important hub on the Ancient Tea Horse Road (茶马古道). Since the Ming and Qing dynasties (明清), merchants from various regions have gathered here, making it a center for cultural exchange among different ethnic groups in Lijiang (丽江).

Sifang Street is famous for its unique streetscape, featuring colorful stone pavements, clear water washing the streets, bustling markets during the day, and the vibrant scene of cleaning in the evening. Six colorful stone streets radiate outwards from the square, connecting various alleys and making transportation exceptionally convenient.

Basic Information

• Chinese Name: 四方街
• Location: Lijiang Old Town, Lijiang City (丽江市古城区)
• Opening Hours: Open all day
• Admission Fee: Free
• Area: Approximately 6 acres
• Country: China (中国)
• City: Lijiang, Yunnan Province (云南省丽江市)
• Recommended Duration: 2 hours
• Best Season to Visit: All year round

Practical Information

• Best Time to Visit: January to December; all seasons are suitable. Spring is lovely with blooming flowers, summer offers a cool escape, autumn has refreshing air, and winter boasts abundant sunshine.
• Clothing Essentials: Lijiang has strong ultraviolet rays; sunglasses and sunscreen are essential. A hat (preferably covering the ears) or a large scarf can also provide sun protection. If hiking, bring gloves (for riding and cold weather) and warm, lightweight shoes. Additionally, a lightweight backpack, face masks, basic skincare products, a good quality suitcase, and a camera can enhance your trip.

Sifang Street Details

Located in the ancient area of Lijiang City, Sifang Street showcases numerous historical relics and a rich cultural heritage, making it one of the best-preserved and most ethnically distinctive ancient towns in China. In 1986, it was recognized as a Historical and Cultural City by the State Council, and in 1997, it was officially included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, becoming one of the first world cultural heritage cities in China with a shared responsibility for protection.

Sifang Street serves as the heart of the old town, bustling with trade and cultural exchange. The area is characterized by traditional architecture with features from the Ming and Qing dynasties.

Street Scenery

The deep alleys of Sifang Street allow people to enter the city from various directions through streets, paths, and even narrow mountain trails. Lijiang is a city in harmony with flowing water, similar to Venice; however, the waterways in Dayan Town (大研镇) are artificially designed. The original river, Zhonghe River (中河), runs through the town and has been developed into the Western River (西河) and Eastern River (东河), branching out like the trunk and branches of a tree. Residents can even drink this spring water directly.

Sifang Street is designed as a trapezoidal square, slightly elevated in the center with lower sides, resembling a large tile.

River System

A river is located to the west of the square, featuring a sluice gate. Every evening, when the market closes, residents close the sluice gate, causing the water level to rise and flow over the square according to the sloped tile shape, draining into the surrounding sewage ditches. Each side of the square has a 30 cm wide and 45 cm deep sewage ditch, connecting to the drainage system of the surrounding courtyards, forming a complete sewage system that keeps Sifang Street clean.

Attraction Highlights

Sifang Street, covering approximately 6 acres, resembles a square seal of a governor, hence its name. It serves as a major gathering place for people and goods, a hub for trade and commerce, showcasing the vibrant life of Lijiang.

The unique streetscape features colorful stone pavements and clean water washing the streets. Surrounded by six colorful flower stone streets, Sifang Street is a vital center for Lijiang’s economy and culture, echoing the grandeur of the “Qingming Shanghe Tu” (清明上河图).

The old town still retains much of its Ming and Qing architectural features, with traditional houses featuring intricate carvings of flowers, birds, and animals. The residents have a love for planting flowers and nurturing bonsai, earning Lijiang the nickname “A City Where Flowers Bloom Everywhere” (丽郡从来喜植树，山城无处不飞花).

Evening Atmosphere

At night, Sifang Street is enveloped in a warm, peaceful atmosphere. Reflections of red lanterns sway in the river, creating a picturesque scene. The area is the center of trade and social activity, bustling with people. The main streets extend from Sifang Street in all directions, branching off into various alleys, creating a web of pathways.

Historical and Cultural Background

Historically, Sifang Street has been a marketplace. Lijiang Old Town was established in the late Song Dynasty (宋末) and the early Yuan Dynasty (元初), showcasing a harmonious coexistence of Han (汉), Naxi (纳西), Tibetan (藏), Bai (白), and other ethnic groups. In December 1997, Lijiang Old Town was added to the World Heritage List, filling the gap of no historical cultural cities in China’s heritage.

Over the past decade, Lijiang’s efforts to protect its heritage while promoting tourism have garnered attention from UNESCO, illustrating a new approach to the common challenges faced in cultural heritage preservation worldwide. However, rapid tourism development has led to the out-migration of local residents, a clash of traditional cultures, and environmental changes. The city continues to seek a delicate balance between protection and utilization amidst ongoing discussions of “overdevelopment” and “excessive commercialization.”

Tourism Resources

Sifang Street is also known for its street food, with dozens of small restaurants offering a variety of Yunnan-style rice noodles, making it famously known as “Lijiang Rice Noodle Street” (丽江米线街).

How to Get There

• Public Transport: Take bus 44 to reach Sifang Street.
• Taxi: Taxis are abundant in Lijiang. The daytime starting fare is 6 RMB, with an additional 1.6 RMB per kilometer. The starting fare for Santanas is 7 RMB, with 1.8 RMB per kilometer. Night fares start at 11 RMB. Major taxi stops are located near the intersection of the old and new towns, particularly around Yulong Bridge (玉龙桥) and the Lijiang Dongba Cultural International Exchange Center.

Travel Tips

• Timing: Visit during the early morning to experience local Naxi dances and the vibrant atmosphere.
• Clothing: Due to strong UV rays, be sure to wear sun protection.
• Hydration: Keep hydrated, especially if you’re exploring the alleys and streets extensively.
• Cultural Respect: Be mindful of local customs and practices, especially in more residential areas.

Overview of Yongning Hot Spring

Yongning Hot Spring is a highland hot spring located 10 kilometers north of Yongning Township (永宁乡) by Lugu Lake (泸沽湖) in Lijiang, Yunnan Province (云南省). The local Mosuo (摩梭人) people refer to it as “Re Shui Tang” (热水塘), meaning “hot water pond.” Historically, the water was extremely hot, capable of boiling eggs and scalding pigs. Over time, the temperature stabilized at around 37°C, making it suitable for bathing. The spring contains hydrogen sulfide, which has therapeutic effects for rheumatic arthritis and certain skin conditions.

• Chinese Name: 永宁温泉
• English Name: Yongning Hot Springs
• Location: Ninglang Yi Autonomous County (宁蒗彝族自治县), Lijiang (丽江)
• Climate Conditions: Tropical

Introduction to Yongning Hot Spring

The spring water emerges from crevices at the foot of Wadu Mountain (挖都山), crystal clear and steaming year-round. It features a natural pond of over 50 square meters. During agricultural off-seasons, nearby Mosuo and Pumi (普米族) residents flock to the spring to bathe and enjoy picnics, often accompanied by singing and dancing. This location also serves as a meeting point for Mosuo couples.

In recent years, facilities such as separate bathing areas for men and women, as well as lodges and shops, have been constructed nearby. The road from Yongning Township to the hot spring is conveniently accessible, offering scenic views of Mosuo villages and the lush landscapes of Yongning Basin (永宁坝), rich in ethnic culture and breathtaking highland scenery.

Interestingly, in the last century, Yongning Hot Spring was relatively isolated from external influences, leading to a pure and innocent way of life. People bathed communally in the open pond without concern for passersby, regardless of gender, sharing food and drink in a harmonious and traditional manner. However, with the opening of the region and the influx of diverse cultural influences, the simplicity of these customs has diminished.

Today, in response to increased attention, the pond has been divided with barriers to prevent inappropriate behavior, a stark change from its past. This division, initiated in the 1960s, has evolved over the years, eventually enclosing the pond entirely. The historical and cultural significance of Yongning Hot Spring has become a point of reflection for modern visitors, evoking admiration and nostalgia for its earlier days of cultural unity and simplicity.

Surrounding the hot spring are several well-preserved Mosuo villages, including Walabi (瓦拉比), Yimanwa (依满瓦), Aruwa (阿汝瓦), and Aguwa (阿古瓦), contributing to the relaxing and culturally immersive experience that visitors seek.

Travel Guide

To visit Yongning Hot Spring and experience the highland spa, you can hire a car from Lugu Lake. Departing from the LiGe Peninsula (里格半岛), it takes approximately 40 minutes to reach Yongning Hot Spring Village, passing by Gemu Mountain (格姆山), which resembles a lion, and Zha Mei Temple (扎美寺).

Important Health Tips:

• Individuals with health conditions, particularly heart disease or high blood pressure, should avoid soaking in the hot spring.
• Do not bathe on an empty stomach, as it may lead to fatigue; resting after meals is advisable before soaking.
• After consuming alcohol, allow sufficient time for rest before bathing; otherwise, it may cause exhaustion and lead to accidents.
• Avoid soaking in the spring if you are extremely fatigued from travel; rest until you feel rejuvenated.
• Remember to hydrate, as the body loses moisture quickly after soaking.
• Women should avoid the hot spring during their menstrual period, early stages of pregnancy, or if they are unwell.
• When soaking, monitor the water temperature; do not remain in water that feels excessively hot for too long. If you feel uncomfortable, exit the pool immediately.

How to Get There

• By Car: Hire a vehicle from Lugu Lake for direct access to Yongning Hot Spring Village.
• By Taxi: Taxis are available in the area, offering a convenient ride to the hot spring.
• By Public Transport: Check local transport options for buses that may run from nearby towns to Yongning.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The ideal seasons are spring (April to June) and autumn (September to November) for pleasant weather and fewer crowds.
• What to Bring: Swimwear, towels, and a water bottle to stay hydrated. It’s also wise to bring snacks, especially if you plan to picnic.
• Respect Local Customs: Engage respectfully with the Mosuo community and adhere to any guidelines or rules at the hot spring to preserve the cultural integrity of the area.

Overview of Judian Old Town

Judian Old Town巨甸古镇 is located in Judian Town (巨甸镇), Yulong Naxi Autonomous County (玉龙纳西族自治县), Lijiang. It was once the center of Naxi (纳西族) civilization before the Yuan Dynasty, known as Judin (巨津), meaning “great ferry crossing.” At that time, it was not only a vital route connecting Weixi (维西) to the inland but also a significant crossing for trade between Dali (大理) and Tibet (吐蕃).

Today, you can find ferryboats on the river at the eastern edge of the town, allowing visitors to enjoy the river views. Additionally, Judian hosts a lively market. The 5th day of each month marks a significant market day, where people from various ethnic groups, including Tibetans, Lisu (傈僳族), Bai (白族), Yi (彝族), and Pumi (普米族), gather on the streets to sell local specialties and purchase daily necessities. If you visit during a festival, you will notice the rich cultural influences in their music and dance, showcasing the diverse artistic traditions that characterize the area.

• Chinese Name: 巨甸古镇
• English Name: Judian Old Town
• Location: Lijiang (丽江)
• Festival: Naxi Sanduo Festival (纳西族三朵节)
• Type: Ancient Town

Historical Background

Judian has a rich history that dates back to the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, when it was under the jurisdiction of the Lijiang Military and Civilian Administration, known as Judin Prefecture. During the Qing Dynasty, it was part of the Lijiang Prefecture. In the Republic of China period, it was known as Judian Li (巨甸里) within Lijiang County.

• Key Historical Dates:
  • 1949: Became part of the Lijiang Government Committee, Jinjiang Branch.
  • 1950: Included in the Fifth District of Lijiang County.
  • 1958: Established Judian Commune within Lijiang County.
  • 1961: Became part of Yulong Naxi Autonomous County.
  • 1988: Became Judian Town.

Regional Overview

The poem “Flower Horse Ancient Country Judin Prefecture” (花马古国巨津州) by the local chieftain, Mu Gao (木高土司), indicates the close relationship between Judian and the Flower Horse Ancient Country, which is another name for Lijiang due to its famous Lijiang horses. Judian was historically a center for Naxi civilization, and today, visitors can still see ferryboats on the river and explore the town’s market.

Judian Town is located in the northwestern part of Yulong Naxi Autonomous County, with the Jinsha River (金沙江) separating it from Shangjiang Township (上江乡) in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (迪庆藏族自治州) to the east. It borders Lizhuang Lisu Township (黎明傈僳族乡) to the south, Ludian Township (鲁甸乡) to the west, and Tacheng Township (塔城乡) to the north. The total area is 407.6 square kilometers, with a registered population of 21,372 as of the end of 2019.

How to Get There

• By Bus: Public buses run regularly from Lijiang to Judian Town, taking about 30-40 minutes. Look for buses labeled for Judian.
• By Taxi: Taxis are available in Lijiang, providing direct access to Judian Town in about 30 minutes.
• By Car: If you prefer to drive, follow the main road from Lijiang to Judian Town, which is well-signposted and easy to navigate.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring (April to June) and autumn (September to November) are ideal for pleasant weather and vibrant cultural activities.
• What to Bring: A camera for capturing the beautiful scenery and local festivities, comfortable walking shoes, water, and perhaps a guidebook for insights into the local culture and history.
• Nearby Attractions: Explore other cultural sites in Lijiang, such as the Old Town of Lijiang (丽江古城), and take in the stunning views of Jade Dragon Snow Mountain (玉龙雪山).
• Respect Local Customs: When visiting, be mindful of local customs and traditions. Dress modestly, especially during religious events, and engage respectfully with the community.

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