Overview

Heqing Confucius Temple (鹤庆文庙), located within Heqing No. 1 Middle School (鹤庆一中) in the southwest corner of Heqing County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (大理白族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省), was established in the eighth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1271). The original site of the temple was Yuanhua Temple (元化寺), which was relocated to its current site in the 29th year of the Hongwu era of the Ming Dynasty (1396). The entire area covers more than 30,000 square meters.

Heqing Confucius Temple preserves the architectural style of the Ming Dynasty (明代). The main building, Xianshi Hall (先师殿), also known as Dacheng Hall (大成殿), features a two-story, double-eaved hip roof with flying eaves and dougong brackets. Arranged along the central axis from south to north are the screen wall (照壁), the pond (泮池), the Dacheng Gate (大成门), and the Xianshi Hall. The Xianshi Hall is centered, with various structures including the Dan Platform (丹墀台), Dacheng Gate, Lingxing Gate (棂星门), pond, Li Gate (礼门), Yi Gate (义门), large screen wall (大照壁) in front, and Qisheng Palace (启圣宫), Minglun Hall (明伦堂), and Zunjing Pavilion (尊经阁) behind. The east and west sides contain the East and West Wings (东庑, 西庑), famous officials shrine (名宦祠), local sages shrine (乡贤祠), Xingxian Fang (兴贤坊), Zhengyi Study (正谊斋), Mingdao Study (明道斋), professors’ office (教授室), guidance room (训导室), lecture hall (讲堂), and dining hall (馔堂), all arranged symmetrically. There are also a lotus pond (莲池), stone hill (石山), and a Celery Picking Pavilion (采芹亭) within the temple grounds.

Heqing Confucius Temple holds historical, artistic, and scientific significance and is important for studying the architectural features and styles of the Ming and Qing Dynasties (明清时期).

In December 1987, Heqing Confucius Temple was announced as a key provincial-level cultural relic protection unit by the Yunnan Provincial People’s Government (云南省人民政府).

Key Information

• Chinese Name: 鹤庆文庙 (Heqing Confucius Temple)
• Location: Heqing No. 1 Middle School, southwest corner of Heqing County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province
• Area: 30,000 m²
• Cultural Heritage Level: Third batch of provincial-level key cultural relic protection units in Yunnan
• Dynasty: Ming Dynasty

Historical Evolution

• In the eighth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1271), Heqing established a temple school, but its location was not at the current site. The current site was originally Yuanhua Temple (元化寺).
• In the 15th year of the Hongwu era of the Ming Dynasty (1382), the temple was destroyed by war.
• In the 29th year of the Hongwu era (1396), the local magistrate Gao Zhong relocated the temple to its current site.
• In the 12th year of the Zhengtong era (1447), Governor Lin Qiuji expanded the temple.
• In the second year of the Zhengde era (1507), Governor Liu Jue oversaw the construction of the Zunjing Pavilion.
• In May of the 10th year of the Zhengde era (1515), the Zunjing Pavilion collapsed due to an earthquake.
• In the 11th year of the Zhengde era (1516), Deputy Envoy Zhu Gun converted Yuanhua Temple into a temple school, and Governor Wu Tang carried out repairs.
• In the second year of the Longqing era (1568), Governor Zhou Ji relocated the temple entrance to the south, excavated the pond, and added decorations.
• During the Wanli era (1572–1620), officials such as Jiang Xin, Governor Sang Jingchu, Governor Chen Daoyuan, and Qi Rudong conducted multiple repairs on the temple.
• In the Tiangui era (1621–1627), Censor Cai Kan, Supervisor Shao Mingshi, and Governor Chen Kaitai rebuilt the temple, which gradually fell into disrepair afterward.
• In the winter of the fourth year of the Chongzhen era (1631), the temple was affected by a disaster.
• In the fifth year of the Chongzhen era (1632), Lijiang local magistrate Mu Zeng provided support for the rebuilding of the temple.
• In the third year of the Kangxi era (1664), Acting Vice Magistrate Wang Zongzhou repaired the temple.
• In the 22nd year of the Kangxi era (1683), the temple was ordered to be rebuilt.
• In the 23rd year of the Kangxi era (1684), Governor Li Zuoyi and Educator Ma Zhihua further repaired the temple.
• In the 25th year of the Kangxi era (1686), Professor Xie Yan and Educator Dong Bening repaired Wenchang and Kuixing Pavilions.
• In the 28th year of the Kangxi era (1689), Governor Lu Congyi established Le Wusheng and held sacrifices, along with maintenance of the temple.
• In the 40th year of the Kangxi era (1701), Governor Ai Rulin, Vice Magistrate Tong Zhen, and Professor Xiong Zhaoyi relocated the Chongsheng Shrine to the back of the main hall and rebuilt Minglun Hall behind the shrine.
• In the 45th year of the Qianlong era (1780), the prefecture conducted repairs on the main hall and two wings.
• In the 11th year of the Daoguang era (1831), Prefect Shao Baochuo led local gentry Zhou Tianxiang and Zhao Yudan in continued repairs; however, he left office before completion, and Huang Jizhong completed the work.
• During the Guangxu era, the temple underwent further repairs.
• After 1949, the temple suffered damage during land reform, the Cultural Revolution, and the “2·3” earthquake.
• In December 1951, the Lingxing Gate (灵星门) collapsed due to an earthquake and was converted into a basketball court for Heqing No. 1 Middle School. Since then, the temple has been used by the school.
• During the Cultural Revolution, the commercial sector built a state-run hotel in the temple, dividing it into northern and southern sections.
• After 1986, the government conducted several repairs on Heqing Confucius Temple, restoring its original appearance.
• Since 1997, the Yunnan Province, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, and Heqing County governments have invested nearly 10 million yuan to complete repairs on Dacheng Hall, Dacheng Gate, Lingxing Gate, screen wall, pond, and more, adding Taihe Yuqi Fang and a statue of Confucius.

Architectural Layout

Heqing Confucius Temple covers an area of over 30,000 square meters and preserves the architectural style of the Ming Dynasty. The main building, Xianshi Hall (先师殿), has an area of 2,400 square meters. The central area of the main hall features a cloud-dragon stone carving embedded in the center of the imperial platform. Additionally, there are four wooden carvings of coiled dragons supported between the first and second floors of the hall, appearing to dance and play with pearls. Inside the hall, there are four columns that can be embraced by two people; these tall and sturdy columns are made of high-quality materials, with two of them said to be made of fragrant nanmu wood. A pair of couplets inscribed by Emperor Qianlong (乾隆) (replicas) hangs on the central column: “气备四时，与天地日月鬼神合其德；教垂万世，继尧舜禹汤文武作之师” (The spirit encompasses all seasons, harmonizing with heaven, earth, sun, moon, and spirits; education transcends generations, following Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, and Wenwu as teachers).

Cultural Relics

Stone Tablets

There are three existing stone inscriptions within Heqing Confucius Temple:

1. “Zunjing Pavilion Tablet” (《尊经阁碑记》) established in the second year of the Zhengde era (1507).
2. “Rebuilding Heqing Academy Tablet” (《重修鹤庆府学庙碑记》) established in the 29th year of the Qianlong era (1764).
3. “Newly Built Yuping Academy Tablet” (《新修玉屏书院碑记》) established in the 19th year of the Guangxu era (1893), written by Yang Jinkai, calligraphed by Zhao Heling, and engraved by Yang Zhaoqing.

Historical and Cultural Significance

Name Origin

The Confucius Temple is a shrine dedicated to commemorating and worshipping Confucius (孔子), a Chinese thinker, politician, and educator. Throughout different historical periods and regions, it has been known by various names, such as Confucius Temple (夫子庙), Temple of the Most Sacred (至圣庙), and Dacheng Temple (大成殿), all signifying its central theme of revering Confucius and promoting Confucianism.

Role in Education

Heqing Confucius Temple serves as an essential educational and cultural venue, where local scholars gather to hold examinations, lectures, and academic discussions. It played a significant role in the dissemination of Confucian culture and the education of local youths, contributing to the moral and cultural development of the area.

Preservation of Cultural Heritage

Heqing Confucius Temple is a critical site for preserving and studying the architectural, historical, and cultural heritage of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The temple attracts scholars, researchers, and tourists, providing a window into the rich cultural history of Yunnan Province.

Contemporary Usage

Today, Heqing Confucius Temple is used not only for educational purposes but also as a venue for cultural events, festivals, and ceremonies celebrating Confucian teachings, promoting traditional Chinese culture, and fostering community ties.

Visiting Heqing Confucius Temple

Visitors to Heqing Confucius Temple can explore its beautiful architecture, enjoy the tranquil atmosphere of the temple grounds, and participate in cultural activities. The temple is also an excellent spot for photography, with its historical structures and serene landscapes providing a picturesque backdrop.

Additional Information

• Access: Visitors can reach Heqing County by public transportation from Dali City. The temple is located within Heqing No. 1 Middle School and is open to the public.
• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn are ideal for visiting, as the weather is pleasant for outdoor exploration.

Heqing Confucius Temple is a testament to the rich cultural heritage of Yunnan Province, reflecting the influence of Confucianism in Chinese society. Its architectural beauty, historical significance, and educational role make it a noteworthy destination for anyone interested in Chinese culture and history.

Introduction

Yunhe Tower (云鹤楼) is located in the central part of Heqing County (鹤庆县), Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (大理白族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省). Originally known as Anfeng Tower (安丰楼), it was built in the ninth year of the Zhengde era during the Ming Dynasty (明朝). Historical records indicate that it was destroyed in conflicts and underwent four reconstructions. After its fourth reconstruction in the twenty-seventh year of the Guangxu era (光绪二十七年), it was renamed “Yunhe Tower.”

• Chinese Name: 云鹤楼
• Location: 云南省大理白族自治州鹤庆县城
• Former Name: 安丰楼
• Established: 明朝正德九年

Overview

Yunhe Tower is a wooden structured pavilion-style building, four stories high, with a height of 30 meters, an east-west length of 18.6 meters, and a north-south width of 14 meters. The archway passage is 16 meters long, surrounded by eaves and columns. The interior features intersecting dougong brackets, constructed without a single nail, showcasing high architectural craftsmanship.

Historical Background

Yunhe Tower is situated at the center of Heqing County, standing across a street. It was initially constructed in the ninth year of the Zhengde era (1514). After being destroyed in warfare, it was reconstructed in the fifty-first year of the Kangxi era (1712) by Tong Zhen, the local magistrate. During this reconstruction, bells and drums were installed, earning it the nickname “Belfry.” It was rebuilt again in the fifteenth year of the Daoguang era (1835) and subsequently in the twenty-seventh year of the Guangxu era (1901), when it was renamed “Yunhe Tower.”

Architectural Details

Yunhe Tower features a brick-built city gate, topped with a wooden structure. The tower stands 19.4 meters tall, 18.6 meters wide, and 16 meters long. The lower gate passage is 16.7 meters long. The outer structure has three tiers of eaves, while the interior has four floors. The main columns are massive and straight, supporting the building from top to bottom without the use of nails. The topmost floor enshrines a statue of the Jade Emperor, with the middle tier dedicated to the “Three Stars” and accompanied by bells and drums.

Cultural Significance

The name “Heqing” (鹤庆) is related to local legends about cranes. It is said that the Heqing Basin was once a highland lake where flocks of white cranes gathered. The Bai language refers to Heqing as “Aokai,” meaning “double cranes.” The area has historical significance as a gateway between Dali and Lijiang.

Travel Information

Yunhe Tower is easily accessible from several transportation hubs:

• Train Station: Heqing Train Station (鹤庆火车站)
• Bus Station: Heqing Long-Distance Bus Station (鹤庆长途汽车站)
• Airports: Lijiang Airport (丽江机场), and via the Lijiang Airport Expressway (丽江机场高速路)

Nearby Attractions

• Heqing Xinhua Bai Ethnic Tourism Village (鹤庆新华白族旅游村)
• Caohai Wetland (草海湿地)
• Wildman Valley (野人谷)
• Black Dragon Pool (黑龙潭)
• Shiba Mountain (鹤庆石宝山)

Travel Tips

• Visit during the early morning or late afternoon to avoid crowds and enjoy the views.
• Bring a camera to capture the intricate architectural details and scenic surroundings.
• Check local events or festivals that may enhance your visit to the tower and surrounding areas.

Overview

The Yunnan Silver Museum (云南银器博物馆), also known as the Heqing County Xinhua Village Silver Museum (鹤庆县新华村银器博物馆), is located in Xinhua Shizhaizi (新华石寨子) in Heqing County (鹤庆县). It is the first specialized silver museum in China, covering an area of over 10,000 square meters. The museum houses more than 2,000 pieces of handcrafted silver artifacts from the Tang (唐) and Song (宋) dynasties, including religious items, accessories, and crafts.

Collection Highlights

The Yunnan Silver Museum’s collection is a cultural emblem of Heqing (鹤庆), showcasing the historical development of silver craftsmanship in the region. The silver artifacts are categorized into three main types: decorative items, everyday utensils, and religious tools, all crafted by master artisans throughout history. This museum is vital for studying the historical, economic, and cultural development of the Dali (大理) area.

Yunnan’s long history, diverse ethnic groups, and complex topography contribute to a vibrant array of decorative items, making it a treasure trove of ethnic craftsmanship.

Unique Features

During the Spring Festival (春节), the museum is open to visitors for free, allowing guests to explore exquisite silver bracelets, rings, ornaments, tea sets, and other pieces. Visitors can appreciate the incredible craftsmanship and immerse themselves in the charm of Heqing silver jewelry.

Development History

Xinhua Village (新华村) in Heqing has a history of silver craftsmanship that spans over a thousand years. Bai (白族) artisans began creating handcrafted gold, silver, and copper ethnic ornaments during the Tang Dynasty under the Nanzhao Kingdom (南诏国) and have passed down their skills through generations.

Recognizing the advantages of this industry, Yunnan Investment Group (云南一集团) invested 267 million yuan to develop Xinhua Village starting in 2003, followed by an additional investment of over 40 million yuan to establish the Yunnan Silver Museum, which occupies an area of 10,000 square meters.

Collection of Cultural Relics

The Yunnan Silver Museum features over 2,000 pieces of silver artifacts from the Tang and Song dynasties. These items include:

• Everyday Utensils: Bowls, cups, plates, and pots.
• Religious Items: Buddha statues, prayer wheels (转经筒), conch shells (法螺), and offering vessels (供器).
• Accessories: Headdresses, earrings, hat decorations, and waist ornaments.

In terms of craftsmanship, the artifacts showcase techniques such as gilding, enameling, cloisonné, and inlaying with glass, ivory, pearls, and various gemstones. The techniques displayed include relief carving, high relief, round carving, hollow carving, and fine engraving. The decorative themes encompass flowers, animals, figures, landscapes, and auspicious patterns like “two lions playing with a ball” (双狮戏球), “dragon and phoenix presenting auspiciousness” (龙凤呈祥), “blossoms representing wealth” (花开富贵), and “year after year with abundance” (年年有余).

The entire display covers every aspect of the functional use of silver products, featuring rare treasures from ancient silver craftsmanship.

Visiting Information

Location: Xinhua Shizhaizi, Heqing County, Yunnan Province, China (云南省鹤庆县新华石寨子)
Distance from Yunhe Town: 4 kilometers
Distance from Lijiang Airport: 12 kilometers

Experience at the Museum

Upon arriving at Lijiang Airport (丽江机场), head straight to the ancient village of Dali—Xinhua Village (鹤庆新华村). This hidden gem near Lijiang is part of Heqing County, Dali Prefecture. As you pass through the Caohai Wetlands (草海湿地), it feels like stepping into another world.

Inside the Yunnan Silver Museum, the first floor showcases numerous exquisite silver artifacts, each a masterpiece of craftsmanship. The second floor offers a tranquil tea space, while the third floor features a creative shop that dazzles visitors.

A special highlight is the metalwork studio, where the earrings are simply irresistible. The unique coloring techniques used in the silver products create vibrant and colorful pieces. Each earring is one-of-a-kind, with varying color effects resulting from different firing processes.

What was intended as a one-hour visit turned into three hours! If you love silver jewelry, this place is a must-visit!

How to Get There

To reach the Yunnan Silver Museum, you can take a bus or taxi from Dali City (大理市) to Heqing County. It is approximately 30 kilometers from Dali and 12 kilometers from Lijiang Airport.

Travel Tips

1. Best Time to Visit: Spring Festival for free entry; otherwise, spring is ideal for vibrant blooms.
2. Comfortable Shoes: Wear comfortable footwear for exploring the museum and surroundings.
3. Photography: Bring a camera to capture the stunning artifacts and beautiful scenery.
4. Stay Hydrated: Carry water, especially if you plan to explore outdoors.
5. Respect Nature: Help keep the area clean and beautiful.
6. Pack Snacks: Bring light snacks for a break during your visit.
7. Learn Local Culture: Familiarize yourself with Bai culture to enrich your experience at the museum.

Overview of White Dragon Pool (白龙潭)

White Dragon Pool (白龙潭) is a captivating natural attraction located in Heqing County (鹤庆县) near Dali (大理). This serene site features numerous pools of varying sizes and shapes, each offering unique scenic beauty. Legend has it that these pools are the Buddhist beads scattered by Guanyin Bodhisattva (观音菩萨) across the Heqing Plain (鹤庆坝子).

Close to Xinhua Village (新华村), the western bank of the pool boasts Xueshi Rock (雪石岩), adorned with ancient inscriptions that read “Mirror Platform Snow Stone” (镜台雪石), one of the Eight Scenic Views of Heqing (鹤阳八景).

Description of White Dragon Pool

A clear spring gushes forth from the base of Jiuding Mountain (九鼎山), converging into White Dragon Pool. The water here is crystal clear, cool, and refreshing. A green embankment divides the pool, creating two halves that resemble a pair of blue sapphires. The surface of the pool is calm, reflecting the surroundings like a mirror, disturbed only by the gentle breeze that creates ripples, enhancing the tranquility and freshness of the scene.

Despite its relatively small size, White Dragon Pool possesses an endearing charm compared to other dragon pools in Heqing, making it feel like a delicate gem. The surroundings include lush greenery and traditional Bai architecture (白族建筑), contributing to the area’s peaceful ambiance.

Inscriptions on Xueshi Rock (雪石岩石刻)

On the western bank of White Dragon Pool, a small path leads through thickets to reveal large white rocks inscribed with ancient characters. Known as Xueshi Rock Carvings (雪石岩石刻), these inscriptions date back to the Ming Dynasty (明代) during the Jiajing era (嘉靖). Among the inscriptions, only one depicts a carved figure, while the others feature poetic verses by renowned scholars. The characters “Xueshi Rock” (雪石岩) were penned by magistrate Ma Qing (马卿) in a bold and flowing script, celebrated for its artistic flair. Legend has it that he drunkenly inscribed these words with his sleeve dipped in ink.

Scenic Features of Heqing

Heqing, located in the northwest Yunnan Plateau (滇西北高原), is a picturesque highland water town renowned for its pristine environment. It boasts the cleanest skies, purest waters, and most dynamic clouds. The various pools, referred to as “Dragon Pools” (龙潭), are nature’s jewels, including Yanglong Pool (羊龙潭), Warm Water Dragon Pool (温水龙潭), Yellow Dragon Pool (黄龙潭), and several others. Each pool possesses distinct characteristics and pristine water, making them ideal spots for relaxation and tourism.

White Dragon Pool harmonizes beautifully with its surroundings. This tranquil oasis, resembling a piece of jade, rests serenely beneath the arching mountains of Heqing. It complements the nearby Xueshi Rock and the surrounding Bai ethnic villages (白族村落), as the continuously flowing mountain spring cleanses both the pool and the hearts of springtime visitors.

Seasonal Changes in White Dragon Pool

As spring approaches, the water of White Dragon Pool reflects various hues. Under a clear sky, it gleams with a deep blue, appearing almost dreamlike. When the trees along the shore begin to sprout green leaves, the surface ripples like shards of silver, enhancing the ethereal beauty of the reflections. As the reeds sway in the breeze, the distant water surface becomes a hazy backdrop, accentuating the delicate beauty of the grass.

When sunlight shines directly on the water, the clarity reveals the delicate blossoms of sea vegetables, each petal appearing almost sculpted. The essence of spring gradually seeps from the depths of the tranquil pool, bringing life to the treetops, grass tips, and the earth at the water’s edge.

In early spring, White Dragon Pool eagerly awaits a gentle rain, which will awaken the spirit of spring, quietly brewing. Once the rains arrive, a floral spectacle unique to White Dragon Pool will unfold, with cherry blossoms blooming like a fiery dragon, casting warm reflections across the waters.

Experience and Activities

Visiting on a clear sunny day offers a chance to experience vibrant spring blooms or a more subdued atmosphere. Regardless, the waters of White Dragon Pool are filled with the essence of spring, brightening the landscape of Heqing. The reflections in the pool will leave your eyes shimmering like its waters, holding within them the warmth of spring.

In White Dragon Pool Park (白龙潭公园), a long corridor surrounds the area, filled with various flowers and plants that please the eye. If you tire of walking, you can take a moment to rest. This pause may deepen your connection with the spring atmosphere of White Dragon Pool and bring you closer to its indescribable spirit. Here, nature and humanity harmonize, ensuring that your visit will be a fulfilling experience.

White Dragon Pool may not hold much water, but the spring flows continuously, and the surrounding ditches are always filled with water. The pool retains a fresh and unembellished quality, resembling a small gem. Over time, visitors come to appreciate its charm.

The area is quiet, with elegant pavilions and structures, making it an ideal spot for sitting, reading, enjoying the scenery, sketching, or simply resting.

Location and Accessibility

• Location: Heqing County, Dali City, Yunnan Province, China (云南省大理市鹤庆县)
• Opening Hours: Open all day (全天开放)
• Admission Fee: Free (门票：免费)

How to Get There

To reach White Dragon Pool, visitors can travel by road from Dali City, which is approximately 30 kilometers away. Public transportation options include buses or taxis that can take you directly to Heqing County. It is advisable to check local transportation schedules for the most convenient travel times.

Travel Tips

1. Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit is during spring when the flowers bloom, and the landscape is vibrant.
2. Wear Comfortable Shoes: The terrain may involve walking along paths, so comfortable footwear is recommended.
3. Bring a Camera: The stunning views are perfect for photography.
4. Stay Hydrated: Carry water to stay refreshed while exploring.
5. Respect Nature: Maintain the cleanliness of the area and avoid littering to preserve its beauty.
6. Pack Snacks: Bring some light snacks to enjoy while resting by the pool.
7. Local Culture: Familiarize yourself with Bai ethnic culture (白族文化) to enhance your visit, as the area is rich in local traditions and customs.

Overview

East Lake (东湖) is located in the eastern part of Yousuo Township (右所乡), Eryuan County (洱源县), covering an area of 6 to 10 square kilometers. It mirrors the beauty of West Lake (西湖), while the Mijia River (弥苴河) flows like a dragon from the northwest of East Lake towards Erhai Lake (洱海), adding stunning riverside views. Known as the “Hometown of Lotus Flowers” (荷花之乡) in Eryuan County, the area is dotted with four villages, creating a picturesque landscape where lakes and villages coexist. The lake is filled with vast patches of lotus flowers, surrounded by lush willows and reeds, forming a beautiful harmony of nature. In summer, East Lake transforms into a stunning sight, with thousands of lotus blossoms blooming in a riot of colors, creating the majestic view of “万朵莲花开海市，一天星斗下人间” (“Ten thousand lotus flowers bloom in the sea city, under the stars in the sky”). Rowing on the lake during midsummer reveals vibrant lotus flowers, playful fish, and the aroma of ripening rice, making it feel like a paradise.

Scenic Features

The crystal-clear springs at East Lake create another unique scene. These springs gushing from the foot of the eastern mountain form a large pond of over 1,500 square meters, surrounded by temples and pavilions, with ancient pines and cypress trees covering nearly a square kilometer. This sets the stage for East Lake’s distinctive “lake within a lake” landscape. The largest ancestral temple of the Bai ethnic group (白族) in the Dongchuan Basin (东川坝子) is located here. Each year from July 23 to 25, worshippers from Dongchuan and surrounding areas gather at Longtan Benzhumiao (龙潭本主庙) for lively ceremonies and prayers.

East Lake’s beauty lies in its rich lotus flowers and the charm of its highland water town, allowing visitors to feel the close bond between life and nature, as well as a sense of tranquility and simplicity.

Geography and Accessibility

East Lake is located in the eastern part of Yousuo Town in Eryuan County and is separated from West Lake by the Mijia River. The lake is directly connected to Erhai Lake via the Yong’an River (永安江). With an area of approximately 4.7 square kilometers, the lake’s layout creates the scenic blend of “a village within a lake, and a lake within a village.”

Cultural Heritage

Eryuan, the source of Erhai Lake, was known as Langqiong (浪穹). In 1530, during a plague in Yunnan, the scholar Yang Sheng’an (杨升庵), also known as Yang Shen (杨慎), came to Dali and Eryuan. The stunning scenery made him forget his troubles, as expressed in his poem about Langqiong:

远梦似曾经此地，
游子恍疑归故乡。
谁道洱河千胜景，
源头此处更澄清。

From the mountain foot to the shores of Erhai, this fertile land has always been known for its fish and rice, a paradise since ancient times. The Mijia River snakes like a dragon from north to south into Erhai, dividing the region into two, with ancient trees and verdant plants lining the riverbanks for miles. East Lake, with its stunning views, is indeed a treasure.

There are many great spots to enjoy lotus flowers in Eryuan, such as Cibi Lake (茈碧湖), Caohai Wetland (草海湿地), Yousuo West Lake, and of course, East Lake.

Seasonal Beauty

The lotus flowers of East Lake are most magnificent from June to August. Walking through the lake during the peak summer months, one can see vast lotus fields displaying vibrant red and white blossoms. The scene is breathtaking, reminiscent of “万朵莲花开海市，一天星斗下人间.”

Scenic Descriptions

As you enter the “Hometown of Lotus,” you’re greeted by a sea of flowers. Different varieties sway in the wind, embodying the elegance of “the gentlemen of flowers.” After a summer rain, the waters of the dawn-soaked cypress trees are clear, and the lotus leaves and flowers are unblemished, creating a picturesque view that resembles “惟有绿荷红菡萏，卷舒开合任天真” (“Only the green lotus and red flowers roll and unfold, free and innocent”). These blooming flowers appear as delicate spirits beneath the sky, untainted and ethereal.

Poetry and Prose

In July, the best time to admire the lotus flowers is highlighted by a quote from the Ming Dynasty scholar Ai Zixiu (艾自修) from Dongchuan, who praised East Lake:

烟渚渔歌，柳湾荻岸，
渔舟连浦，两两歌来。
游人听之，每担酒换鱼，
烹鲜对酌。

Another poem by Yang Chengchun (杨承淳) from the Ming Dynasty reads:

湖光荡漾几回纹，
渔父歌声闹水滨。
信口舫敲湘汉句，
断肠笛弄雁鸿云。
三三对曲烟蓑合，
两两归帆荻岸分。
最趁夕阳含缺处，
前村沽酒带余醺。

Unique Flora and Fauna

The beauty of East Lake lies in its multitude of lotus flowers and its pristine, natural state. The local Bai people have cared for every flower and leaf in the area for generations, embodying a love for lotus flowers in their hearts. The area has historical significance, with figures like Lady Bai Jiefu (白洁夫人) from the Tang Dynasty and Gao Shanggui (高上桂) in the Qing Dynasty contributing to its cultural legacy.

How to Get There

Transportation

1. By Bus: From Dali, you can take a bus from the Dali Xiaguan North Station (大理下关市客运北站) to Eryuan, getting off at either Dengchuan (邓川) or Yousuo (右所).
2. Local Transport: Small electric tricycles (小三轮) can take you to East Lake for about 5 yuan. Locals, especially the Bai people, are friendly and can help with directions.
3. Self-Driving: If driving, take the Dali Highway (大丽高速) to the Dengchuan exit, then continue along National Highway 214 (214国道) towards Eryuan. After reaching Dengchuan Town, turn right towards Tenglong Village (腾龙村) to arrive at the Dengbei Bridge Wetland.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The prime time for lotus flower viewing is from June to August.
• Nearby Transportation: Many local vehicles are available; just ask the friendly Bai locals for assistance.
• Accommodation: The area is not fully developed for tourism yet, but there are several hotels in Dengchuan and Yousuo with decent conditions, averaging around 100 yuan per night. For better accommodations, try the hot spring hotels in the nearby area, ranging from 200 to 300 yuan. Pu Tuo Spring Resort (普陀泉度假村) is a good option.
• Local Cuisine:
  1. Water Vegetables (水菜): Known as “sea vegetables,” a local delicacy that can be stir-fried or used in soups.
  2. Raw Skin (生皮): The most authentic version is found in Yousuo; “Red Star Restaurant” (红星饭店) and “Yuchun Garden” (榆春园) are recommended.
  3. Wild Crucian Carp (野生鲫鱼): Fresh and tender; try the sour and spicy fish.
  4. Dengchuan Milk Fan (邓川乳扇): A product made from fresh milk, unique in flavor.

Experience the charm of East Lake and immerse yourself in its natural beauty and cultural richness!

Overview

Niaodiaoshan Mountain (鸟吊山) is located in the western part of Fengyu Bazi (凤羽坝子), Eryuan County (洱源县), Dali Prefecture (大理州), Yunnan Province (云南省). It is the main peak of the Luoping Mountain (罗坪山) range, with an elevation ranging from 1,550 to 3,465 meters. The mountain experiences a north subtropical monsoon climate, characterized by distinct dry and wet seasons.

Geography and Climate

Due to the differences in elevation, Niaodiaoshan Mountain features various microclimates, including cold, cool, and warm zones. The summit is covered with snow, presenting a chilling landscape; the middle slopes are dense with forests and vibrant flowers; and the lower slopes boast vast fields of rapeseed, creating a striking contrast of “one mountain with four seasons, different weather above and below.”

Luoping Mountain Details

Luoping Mountain (罗坪山) is surrounded by mountains on all sides, forming an elongated valley. Historically, it has been a beautiful and prosperous place. The diligent residents have cultivated abundant crops, enjoying a good life with sufficient food and clothing. However, this idyllic existence was disrupted by a cruel local lord named Zhao (赵土司), who exploited the villagers, forcibly taking women and causing widespread suffering.

In the village lived a hardworking and beautiful girl named Guihua (桂花), who caught Zhao’s eye. He sent men to seize her and forced her to become his concubine. Guihua refused, infuriating Zhao, who imprisoned her in a mud dungeon. One night, her lover, Chunsheng (春生), sneaked into the lord’s prison and helped her escape under the cover of darkness. Zhao quickly dispatched men to pursue them, cornering them on Tianma Mountain (天马山) to the east of the valley. Outnumbered, the couple hanged themselves on the mountain. Unwilling to let go, Zhao ordered their bodies to be burned. Suddenly, amid the roaring flames, a pair of golden phoenixes emerged, flapping their wings as they flew over Fengyu Bazi, ascending toward the peak of Luoping Mountain.

Unfortunately, the phoenixes succumbed to the snowstorm atop the mountain. After their death, they transformed into two colorful clouds: the female cloud drifted north, while the male cloud floated south. These clouds would stretch and merge at the top of Luoping Mountain every July and August during the lunar calendar. Around the Mid-Autumn Festival, thousands of birds flock from all directions to pay tribute to the “Bird King,” creating a spectacular scene. The Bai ethnic people refer to this phenomenon as “Hundreds of Birds Greeting the Phoenix” (百鸟朝凤), and thus the main peak of Luoping Mountain became known as Niaodiaoshan.

Mystical Wonders

The wonders of Niaodiaoshan Mountain were recorded as early as the Tang Dynasty (唐朝) in the book “Man Shu” (《蛮书》). Researchers from the Kunming Institute of Zoology explored Niaodiaoshan in recent years, unraveling this ancient mystery. It turns out that the mountain lies on the migratory path of birds flying south. Around the Mid-Autumn Festival, migratory birds from Qinghai Lake (青海湖) reach Niaodiaoshan.

Due to its high elevation, dense forests, and suitable climate, the area serves as an ideal stopover for these birds. During their long migrations, birds navigate using moonlight and starlight. However, autumn is the rainy season in the Dali region, and the Niaodiaoshan area experiences more rain and fog. At night, the stars and moon are obscured, causing birds to lose their bearings. To attract them, lighting bonfires on the eastern slope of Niaodiaoshan leads birds, following their instinct to seek light, off their southward migration route, guiding them toward the mountain top. This often results in birds spiraling down to the fire, creating the remarkable spectacle of “birds flying into the flames to honor the Bird King Phoenix.”

How to Get There

• By Bus:
  • Take buses to Eryuan County from major cities like Dali and Xiaguan. Once in Eryuan, hire a taxi or use a local bus to reach Niaodiaoshan Mountain.
• By Car:
  • For flexibility, consider renting a car. Follow the highway signs leading to Eryuan County and then to Fengyu Bazi.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Aim for late spring (May to June) or early autumn (September to October) for ideal weather conditions and beautiful scenery.
• Dress Appropriately: Layer your clothing to adjust to the mountain’s varying temperatures, and wear sturdy hiking shoes for comfort and safety.
• Essentials to Bring: Pack enough water, snacks, and a first-aid kit to ensure you’re prepared for your hike.
• Respect Nature: Follow the principle of “Leave No Trace.” Keep the area clean, and avoid disturbing wildlife during your visit.
• Capture Memories: Bring your camera to capture the stunning landscapes and seasonal bird migrations, which offer great photography opportunities.
• Engage with Locals: Take the time to interact with the Bai community to learn about their rich traditions and savor authentic local dishes.
• Safety First: Stay informed about the weather before your hike, and consider hiring a local guide for a more enriching experience and added safety.

Overview

Panlong Temple (蟠龙寺) is located in the western part of Shimen Town (石门镇), Yunlong County (云龙县), Dali Prefecture (大理州), Yunnan Province (云南省). Covering an area of 1,530 square meters, the temple has a rich history documented in the “Yunlong Prefecture Chronicles” (《云龙州志》) during the Yongzheng era of the Qing Dynasty (清朝) (1723–1735). Unfortunately, it was destroyed during conflicts in the seventh year of the Xianfeng era (咸丰) (1857) and was rebuilt in the eighteenth year of the Guangxu era (光绪) (1892).

Location and Architecture

Panlong Temple is majestically situated atop a towering rock at the confluence of the Bijiang River (沘江) and the Shiwai River (狮尾河), facing east. Originally designed as a three-entrance, three-courtyard layout, the existing structure now features a two-entrance, two-courtyard arrangement. The main buildings include a grand hall (大殿) and the Yuhuang Pavilion (玉皇阁).

The temple is well-known for its two famous plaques:

• One plaque was inscribed by Wang Jiuling (王九龄), a notable educator during the Republic of China period, who hailed from Yunlong.
• The other plaque was written by Yang Mingyang (杨名飏), a prominent figure in western Yunnan during the Qing Dynasty and a former governor of Shaanxi (陕西).

Structural Features

The temple’s architecture is representative of the Qing Dynasty (清朝) style, featuring:

• Main Hall (主殿): This two-level hall is known for its exquisite craftsmanship and commands a view over the Bijiang River. It offers a panoramic view of the surrounding area, including the scenic Shimen.
• Surrounding Gardens: Each courtyard is flanked by side rooms, and the temple grounds are adorned with flourishing flowers and bamboo, while ancient trees provide ample shade.

Cultural Significance

Yang Mingyang once penned a couplet about the temple:

“一片苍茫景，频临古渡头。 烟笼青锁闥，云缦绿扬洲。 玉阙飞翔花雨，魁杓转画楼。 龙门看四辟，河鲤任遨游。” “In this vast expanse, I often visit the ancient ferry. Mist envelops the green doors, clouds float over the verdant shores. The jade palace showers down flower rain, the graceful spire turns with artistic delight. From Longmen, I gaze at the four corners, letting the river carp roam freely.”

How to Get There

• By Bus:
  • Travel to Yunlong County from Xingsheng Passenger Station (兴盛客运站) in Xiaguan. Buses depart regularly, and the journey takes about 3 hours. After arriving in Yunlong, you can take a minivan or taxi to Panlong Temple.

Location:

Location

The Hutoushan Mountain Ancient Building Complex (虎头山古建筑群) is located in the southern part of Shimen Town (石门镇), Yunlong County (云龙县). This complex primarily features Taoist (道教) architecture, harmoniously integrating natural and cultural landscapes. It attracts numerous visitors during festivals and is recognized as an important scenic tourist area. In 1987, it was designated a cultural heritage site in Yunlong County.

Scenic Features

Hutoushan Mountain (虎头山), rising majestically with its steep cliffs, offers breathtaking views. It hosts various temples, including Laojun Temple (老君殿), Hutou Temple (虎头寺), Wangmu Temple (王母寺), and Zhangxian Shrine (张仙祠), alongside numerous caves, stone observations, and carvings. It is considered the second significant Taoist mountain in the Dali region. Recently, new constructions like Longchi (龙池), Huquan (虎泉), and various pavilions have transformed Hutoushan into a recreational destination, with interconnected pathways and picturesque water features.

The mountain’s name derives from a prominent rock formation at its peak that resembles a tiger’s head. According to the “Inscription of Hutou Mountain” (《虎山碑记》), the temple complex began with a mountain deity temple, with further constructions during the Daoguang era (道光) of the Qing Dynasty (清朝), including Laojun Temple and Caishen Temple (财神殿). The complex has faced destruction and restoration over the years, with significant renovations completed by the Guangxu era (光绪) in 1906.

Architectural Highlights

Hutoushan is adorned with ancient architectural wonders, mainly Taoist temples, including:

• Zhangxian Shrine (张仙祠): Comprising a front hall and a main hall, featuring a statue of Zhang Sanfeng (张三丰).
• Caishen Hall (财神殿) and Maitreya Hall (弥勒殿): Both built above Zhangxian Shrine, dedicated to the God of Wealth and Maitreya Buddha.
• Sangu Palace (三宫殿) and Guanyin Hall (观音殿): Located above Caishen Hall and Maitreya Hall, featuring poetry inscribed by Yang Mingyang (杨名扬) from the Qing Dynasty on the walls.

Hutou Temple, also known as Sanqing Hall (三清殿), is situated above the Sangu Palace and consists of two courtyards. The area features winding stone corridors, bridges, and inscriptions on rock walls, creating a cleverly laid-out architectural ensemble.

Cultural Significance

The area surrounding Hutoushan has long been celebrated as a scenic spot. As noted in the “Inscription of Hutou Mountain”:

“层峦耸翠，高临碧汉之间；飞阁流丹，杰出青云之表。” “Layers of green peaks rise high above the blue rivers; flying pavilions of red glimmer, standing out against the azure sky.”

In recent years, the mountain has been enhanced with new pavilions and stone steps that create a harmonious relationship between the landscape and the structures, showcasing an intricate cultural depth with couplets displayed at stone arches and pavilions.

How to Get There

• By Bus: Take a bus from Xingsheng Passenger Station (兴盛客运站) in Xiaguan to Yunlong County. The earliest bus departs at 7:30 AM, with services every 40 minutes, costing 35 yuan. The journey takes approximately 3 hours, with the last bus at 4:40 PM. After reaching Yunlong, you can take a minivan to Hutoushan.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn offer the most comfortable weather for exploring the area.
• Preparation: Wear comfortable walking shoes to navigate the mountain trails and steps.
• Respect Local Culture: Be mindful of the cultural and religious significance of the sites.
• Photography: Capture the stunning views and intricate architecture, but be respectful of the sacred areas.

Overview

Qingyun Bridge (青云桥), located in Yunlong County (云龙县), spans the Bi River (沘江) on the southern side of the county seat. After suffering damage from water for nine months, it was fully restored by the end of May 2013. This restoration coincided with the designation of the ancient Bi River bridge group as a national cultural heritage site.

The bridge was originally built in the fourth year of the Daoguang era (道光) during the Qing Dynasty (清朝) in 1824, funded by Yang Mingyang (杨名扬), who previously served as the Governor of Shaanxi (陕西). The site was chosen for its natural rock formation on the eastern bank, which serves as a sturdy support, and features a wooden pavilion that offers shelter to pedestrians. On the western bank, two small platforms were carved into the stone wall, supporting the bridge’s structure.

Bridge Structure

Qingyun Bridge is a chain suspension bridge with the following specifications:

• Length: 36 meters
• Width: 2.18 meters

The bridge’s surface is constructed of wooden planks supported by five iron chains, with additional chains serving as handrails on either side. The iron chains are anchored to stone pillars at the bridge’s entrance.

Historical Context

In early September 2012, heavy rainfall caused the bridge’s wooden materials to absorb too much water, leading to the breakage of the iron chains and the bridge’s collapse into the river. In response, the county government promptly allocated 200,000 yuan for its repair and contracted the Shimen Construction Team (石门建筑工程队) to restore it to its original appearance. After two months of diligent work, Qingyun Bridge was reopened.

Originally a county-level cultural heritage site, Qingyun Bridge was officially recognized as part of the national heritage group of ancient bridges on May 6, 2013, becoming a “National Cultural Relic” (国保).

Significance and Inscriptions

The bridge features pavilions at both ends, with an inscription reading “Shimen Pass” (石门关) displayed prominently. Inside the southern wall, there is an inscription by Yang Mingyang commemorating the new bridge. Additionally, the western rock wall features the characters “Gun Xue” (衮雪) in clerical script, a quote from Cao Cao (曹操), originally inscribed on a cliff in Hanzhong, Shaanxi.

Qingyun Bridge is an important historical bridge in Yunlong County and is well-preserved. It was designated a cultural heritage site in 1987.

Location and Features

• Location: About 1 kilometer west of Shimen Town (石门镇), Yunlong County (云龙县)
• Established: 1824 (清道光四年)

Key Details

• Length: 36 meters
• Width: 2.18 meters
• Type: Chain suspension bridge

Cultural Reference

The area surrounding Qingyun Bridge is steeped in historical significance. It is located near the examination halls (贡院), signifying the meaning “ascending to the skies” (青云直上). As described in “Han Du Miscellaneous Poems” (《杭都杂咏》):

“旧有陈云杓刻石，林云楼装池。” “沈茂才笔，许虚白笺诸市，每值科场赶者皆聚于此。”

How to Get There

• By Car: Drive from Dali City (大理市) to Yunlong County. The journey takes approximately 1.5 to 2 hours.
• By Bus: Regular buses operate between Dali and Yunlong County, making it accessible for travelers.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn are ideal for pleasant weather and beautiful scenery.
• Respect Local Customs: Be mindful of the local culture and heritage during your visit.
• Photography: The bridge and its surroundings provide excellent opportunities for photography; ensure you have the proper permissions for any commercial use.
• Safety: Check weather conditions before visiting, especially during the rainy season, as it may affect access to the area.

Overview

The Yuhuang Pavilion (玉皇阁, Yù Huáng Gé) architectural complex was first constructed in the 52nd year of the Kangxi Emperor’s reign (1713 AD). This complex primarily includes Yuhuang Pavilion, Guanyin Temple (观音寺, Guān Yīn Sì), Sanchong Temple (三崇庙, Sān Chóng Miào), Caishen Hall (财神殿, Cái Shén Diàn), and the Zhengjie Archway of Zhang Sanniang (张三娘贞节牌坊, Zhāng Sān Niáng Zhēn Jié Pái Fāng). It integrates elements of Taoism (道教, Dào Jiào), Buddhism (佛教, Fó Jiào), and folk beliefs (本主教, Běn Zhǔ Jiào), showcasing immense artistic and aesthetic value.

Historical Significance

The Yuhuang Pavilion architectural complex is located on a small hill not far from the northwest outskirts of Caojian Town. According to the “Stele of Yuhuang Pavilion” (玉阁常住碑记, Yù Gé Cháng Zhù Bēi Jì), the construction of Yuhuang Pavilion began in 1713, making it nearly 300 years old today. This ancient complex includes several significant structures that collectively represent the grandeur of local religious architecture.

The main structures of the complex are:

• Yuhuang Pavilion (玉皇阁, Yù Huáng Gé)
• Guanyin Temple (观音寺, Guān Yīn Sì)
• Wangmu Temple (王母寺, Wáng Mǔ Sì)
• Sanchong Temple (三崇庙, Sān Chóng Miào)
• Caishen Hall (财神殿, Cái Shén Diàn)
• Zhang Sanniang’s Chastity Archway (张三娘贞节牌坊, Zhāng Sān Niáng Zhēn Jié Pái Fāng)

Recent Developments

In recent years, the local government has adhered to the principle of “repairing the old as the old” to restore and reconstruct these ancient buildings, maintaining their original scale and style. Significant restoration work has been completed for both Yuhuang Pavilion and Guanyin Temple, transforming these historical sites into popular destinations for relaxation and tourism.

Recommended One-Day Tour Route in Yunlong County

• Yunlong National Forest Park (云龙国家森林公园, Yún Lóng Guó Jiā Sēn Lín Gōng Yuán)
• Caojian Yuhuang Pavilion Taoist Architectural Complex (漕涧玉皇阁道教建筑群, Cáo Jiàn Yù Huáng Gé Dào Jiào Jiàn Zhù Qún)
• Achang Ethnic Cultural Heritage Center (阿昌族民族文化传习所, Ā Chāng Zú Mín Zú Wén Huà Chuán Xí Suǒ)
• Xiazhaotang Hot Springs (下澡塘温泉, Xià Zǎo Táng Wēn Quán)
• Caojian Old Street (漕涧老街, Cáo Jiàn Lǎo Jiē)

How to Get There

Yuhuang Pavilion is accessible from Dali City. You can take a bus or hire a taxi to reach Caojian Town, which is approximately a 30-minute drive from the city. The nearest bus station provides regular services to Caojian Town, making it convenient for travelers.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn are ideal for visiting due to pleasant weather, perfect for exploring the complex and surrounding areas.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss out on tasting local dishes in Caojian Town, including traditional Achang cuisine.
• Respect Local Customs: As this complex holds significant cultural and religious value, dress modestly and maintain a respectful demeanor while visiting.
• Photography: Capture the intricate architectural details and scenic views around the pavilion. However, be mindful of any restrictions on photography inside religious sites.

English Name: Wangjiang Tower
Chinese Name: 望江楼 (Wàngjiāng Lóu)
Location: Yunlong County (云龙县, Yúnlóng Xiàn), Dali (大理, Dàlǐ), Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng)
Cultural Heritage Level: Cultural Relic Protection Unit of Yunlong County
Notable Attraction: Feilong Bridge (飞龙桥, Fēilóng Qiáo)

Overview

Wangjiang Tower is located on the eastern bank of the Lancang River (澜沧江, Láncāng Jiāng) in the Miaowei Village Committee of Miaowei Township, Yunlong County, Dali. According to historical records, Wangjiang Tower was constructed by Li Yushu (李玉树, Lǐ Yùshù), a general under Du Wenxiu (杜文秀, Dù Wénxiù), a leader of the Hui people’s uprising during the Qing Dynasty, between the reigns of Emperor Xianfeng and Emperor Tongzhi. Built simultaneously with the Feilong Bridge in the second year of Tongzhi (1863), it serves as one of the main architectural features at the western end of the bridge, covering an area of 153.41 square meters.

Architectural Features

Wangjiang Tower is situated at the end of the main axis of the original Feilong Bridge, constructed in two levels. This traditional timber structure features a green tiled roof with a heavy eave design and stands approximately 12.1 meters tall from the foundation to the apex.

First Floor

• Dimensions: The first floor has three bays in width and three bays in depth.
• Entrances: Each side has a solid wooden door, which also serves as the entrance for crossing the original Feilong Bridge.
• Windows: There are circular windows on the east wall of the north and south rooms. The west wall features brick carvings resembling riverbanks, while the remaining walls are constructed of rammed earth.
• Staircase: A wooden staircase runs straight from east to west.
• Inscriptions: The interior walls are adorned with 13 stone inscriptions.

Second Floor

• Dimensions: The second floor also features three bays in width and depth.
• Windows: Four wooden partition windows open on all sides.
• Railings: Wooden railings are fitted at the stairway openings on the east and north sides.
• Decorations: The interior showcases a statue of Guanyin made of colored clay, displayed in the corridor near the west-facing window.

The roof beams support the floor panels, and both levels exhibit distinctive local construction techniques with intricately carved brackets. The roof features a series of ornamental brackets, reflecting local architectural characteristics.

Historical Significance

Wangjiang Tower is the only well-preserved main building remaining after the destruction of the Feilong Bridge. Its unique construction techniques and architectural style have several noteworthy characteristics:

1. Traditional Layout: It retains the traditional Bai ethnic architectural layout from the Qing Dynasty.
2. Distinctive Features: The roof, ridge, and decorative elements such as beast sculptures and floral carvings exhibit distinct Bai architectural and decorative artistry.
3. High Construction Level: The upper eaves utilize bracket construction, employing large timber materials with refined craftsmanship.
4. Artistic Value: The exquisite wooden and brick carvings present intricate patterns, showcasing fine craftsmanship.

The thirteen stone inscriptions preserved within the tower provide valuable evidence for studying the Du Wenxiu uprising, holding significant historical and research value. Additionally, the poem “Chijiangqiao Fu” (池江桥赋) inscribed at Wangjiang Tower represents a rare literary gem from Yunlong County.

Wangjiang Tower is located on a vital section of the ancient postal route in Yunlong County during the Ming Dynasty and has historically been a contested fortress. It symbolizes the historical transformations of the area, holding deep emotional and commemorative significance for the local people.

Protection Status

In 1987, Wangjiang Tower was designated as a Cultural Relic Protection Unit in Yunlong County.

How to Get There

• By Bus: Regular bus services operate from Dali to Yunlong County. Look for local buses heading towards Miaowei Township.
• By Taxi: Taxis are available in Dali and can take you directly to Wangjiang Tower in Yunlong County.
• By Car: Renting a car is an excellent option for those who prefer flexibility. The drive offers scenic views along the way.

Travel Tips

1. Dress Comfortably: Wear appropriate footwear for walking, as the area may require some exploration on foot.
2. Respect the Site: Be mindful of the historical significance and avoid touching the inscriptions or carvings.
3. Stay Hydrated: Bring water, especially during the warmer months, to stay refreshed while exploring.
4. Photography: Capture the architectural beauty and the scenic views around the Lancang River; the location offers excellent photo opportunities.
5. Timing Your Visit: Visiting during weekdays can help avoid crowds, allowing for a more peaceful experience.

Wangjiang Tower, along with the Feilong Bridge, provides visitors a glimpse into the rich cultural heritage and architectural beauty of Yunnan Province, making it a must-see attraction in Dali.

Overview

Tianzishan Mountain (天子山) is a high-altitude grassland located in Yunlong County (云龙县), Dali Prefecture (大理州), Yunnan Province (云南省), China. This serene alpine meadow is viewed by tourists as a hidden paradise, while for the local Yi ethnic community in Baipo Village (白坡社), it represents a “golden grassland” for poverty alleviation and prosperity.

Location

Tianzishan Mountain is situated at the border of Jiancao Township (检槽乡) and Miaowei Lisu Township (苗尾傈僳族乡) in Yunlong County. The mountain’s main peak rises over 3,400 meters above sea level. Covering over a thousand acres, the grassland, along with the surrounding forests and pastures, offers a magnificent landscape.

Cultural Significance

To the south of Tianzishan lies the Lancang River (澜沧江) gorge, while the eastern slopes are home to the Yi community of Baipo. In the autumn of 1966, Yi families from Liangshan (凉山) in Sichuan (四川) migrated through various regions, including Diqing (迪庆), Lijiang (丽江), and Lanping County (兰坪县) in Nujiang Prefecture (怒江州), ultimately settling in Baipo Village. When they first arrived, there were fewer than ten households; today, the population has grown to 87 households with over 300 residents.

Economic Development

Baipo Village is located at an altitude of approximately 2,500 meters. The harsh conditions in this high-altitude region make it unsuitable for growing staple grains, so the villagers primarily cultivate crops like potatoes to sustain their livelihoods, resulting in a relatively low standard of living.

Recognizing the resources available in Tianzishan, the villagers decided to rely on the grasslands and meadows for their livelihoods. After a precise identification of impoverished households, only 17 households were registered as poor. Most of these families chose to utilize the natural meadows of Tianzishan for livestock grazing.

Previously, residents feared two major issues: the education of their children and the occurrence of serious illnesses. Any encounter with these concerns could turn even the happiest family into a poor one. However, with the economic support provided by livestock farming, the Yi community in Baipo no longer needs to worry.

Success Stories

Kang Xuesheng (康学胜) exemplifies a typical case of poverty due to illness. His family incurred over 200,000 yuan in medical expenses for his wife’s severe illness, leading them to be classified as a poor household. Today, they raise 17 large livestock and nearly 100 sheep, generating an annual income of about 40,000 yuan, allowing them to escape poverty by 2016. Another villager, Mao Ayang (毛阿阳), raises over 50 pigs, 8 horses, and 50 sheep, with an annual income exceeding 30,000 yuan. This year, his son was accepted into university, and their livestock farming income covered the tuition fees.

The Baipo Yi community owns more than 4,000 livestock, primarily grazing on the meadows of Tianzishan. They have constructed over 30 wooden stilt houses around the grassland to provide shelter for the animals at night. Farmers feed their livestock every 20 days; those with sufficient manpower often assign someone to look after the animals on the mountain, while others check on them every few days. The well-fed livestock attract many buyers from outside the region.

Economic Impact

Annually, livestock farming in the area generates over 900,000 yuan, with an average income exceeding 10,000 yuan per household. Thanks to the natural alpine meadows and grasslands, the Yi community in Baipo is gradually overcoming poverty. With continued support from local governments, the village has seen road expansions and improvements to the agricultural network. Residents have built more durable houses, moving away from traditional wooden stilt houses and basic shacks. Modern appliances like televisions, washing machines, and electric cookers are now gradually entering the homes of ordinary Yi families.

The lush meadows and thriving livestock make Tianzishan a symbol of prosperity and hope for the Baipo Yi community.

How to Get There

1. By Air: The nearest airport is Dali Airport (大理机场). From the airport, you can take a taxi or a bus to Yunlong County.
2. By Bus: Regular buses operate from Dali City (大理市) to Yunlong County. Upon arriving in Yunlong, local transport options like taxis or motorbikes can take you to Tianzishan Mountain.
3. By Car: If you prefer driving, you can rent a car in Dali and take the scenic route to Yunlong County, following the well-marked roads.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The best time to explore Tianzishan is during spring (April to June) and autumn (September to November) when the weather is pleasant and the scenery is breathtaking.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss out on trying local Yi dishes, which often include unique flavors and ingredients indigenous to the region.
• Respect Local Customs: Be mindful of local customs and traditions, particularly in rural areas. Always ask for permission before taking photos of people or their homes.
• Altitude Consideration: Tianzishan is at a high altitude (around 3,400 meters), so acclimatization is important. Stay hydrated and take it easy when you arrive.

Visiting Tianzishan Mountain provides an opportunity to witness the intersection of natural beauty and cultural resilience, making it a meaningful destination in Yunnan.