Overview of Guanyinqing

Guanyinqing (观音箐) is located in the western part of Binchuan County (宾川县), approximately 12 kilometers from the county seat. Known as the “West Gate” of Binchuan, it is part of the Daying Township (大营镇) and the Pulianpeng Administrative Village (普连棚), situated at an elevation of 1,670 meters. The area boasts a pleasant average temperature of 25°C and receives an annual rainfall of 600 mm. With its lush vegetation and abundant sunlight, Guanyinqing is an ideal location for summer retreats and tourism. It is conveniently located 19 kilometers from the county seat and 40 kilometers from Xiaguan (下关), acting as a crucial transport hub on the road from Xiaguan to Panzhihua (攀枝花), Dukou (渡口), Yongsheng (永胜), Huaping (华坪), and Jizu Mountain (鸡足山). The area offers excellent transportation links, being just half an hour from Dali Airport (大理机场) and the railway station.

Unique Tourism Resources

Guanyinqing possesses distinctive tourism resources characterized by its unique natural environment and significant cultural background. The area is seen as the “backdoor” (前檐) of Jizu Mountain, a pilgrimage site for Buddhist followers. The saying, “不烧回头香，枉朝鸡足山” (“If you don’t burn the return incense, your pilgrimage to Jizu Mountain is in vain”) highlights its spiritual importance, especially on the 19th day of the second lunar month, when throngs of devotees visit, ensuring that the incense offerings at Guanyin Pavilion (观音阁) remain vibrant.

Visitors can savor local specialties at nearby eateries, with dishes like “Pao Pi Ni Qiao” (泡皮泥鳅) and “Long Quan Shuan Yang Rou” (龙泉涮羊肉) having been recognized at the Dali Food Culture Festival in 2004. Guanyinqing has evolved into a prime destination for tourism, adventure, leisure, and dining, attracting countless visitors drawn by its charm.

The area is enriched by its unique Buddhist cultural significance, distinctive cuisine, simple folk customs, and the beautiful natural scenery of Kongtong Mountain (崆峒山). Local initiatives are underway to develop Guanyinqing into a tourist village that integrates sightseeing, leisure, dining, and cultural experiences.

Guanyinqing Temple Fair and Architecture

Guanyinqing is located 20 kilometers southwest of Binchuan County. It is bordered by the “Dayong” Expressway to the west and Fengtai Road (凤太公路) to the east, with the ancient village of Shuichang (水长古村) to the east and the steep cliffs of Kongtong Mountain to the north. The area is characterized by fragrant orchids, ancient trees, towering cliffs, and unique rock formations, where the soothing sounds of temple bells and chants fill the air. A poem describes its beauty:

“青山绿水险峰峨，幽静寺院从中落。
虽非海外蓬莱岛，仙境仙造万古磨。”

From the valley, one can observe the formidable rocks and ancient trees, with the sound of nature providing a serene backdrop. Walking along the stone paths of Guanyinqing, visitors may hear the melodious calls of birds and insects, creating an enchanting atmosphere that feels like stepping into a picturesque painting.

Guanyinqing is home to several notable buildings, including Guanyin Pavilion (观音阁), Thunder God Temple (雷神殿), Wenzu Zen Temple (文祖禅院), and Pudu Bridge (普渡桥). Historical inscriptions date back to the 14th year of the Jiajing Era (1535) and the 49th year of the Kangxi Era (1710), adding to its cultural significance.

Architectural Highlights

The Guanyin Pavilion is constructed atop a cliff behind the Wenzu Zen Temple, known as a “hanging temple” (悬空寺). The pavilion is uniquely secured by iron chains on its eastern, western, and northern sides, standing as the only ancient Buddhist structure in Binchuan built on a perilous cliff. Its elegant architecture features a single-eaved pavilion structure, with the roof gracefully extending outward, reminiscent of a celestial being poised to ascend.

Upon entering Guanyin Pavilion, visitors are greeted by a magnificent statue of Guanyin. Legend has it that the original statue was a rare sandalwood carving offered by the daughter of Zhu Yuanzhang (朱元璋) during her pilgrimage to Jizu Mountain, though its current location is unknown.

Festivals and Local Culture

Guanyinqing has become a popular destination for incense offerings, particularly during the birth anniversary of Guanyin Bodhisattva on the 19th day of the second lunar month. Visitors from Kunming (昆明), Dali (大理), Lijiang (丽江), Eryuan (洱源), and Binchuan flock to the area for scenic views, prayers, and local delicacies. The roads leading to the site are lined with vendors selling local products, snacks, and souvenirs, creating a lively atmosphere filled with laughter, chanting, and local music.

In February 1989, the Binchuan County government designated Guanyin Pavilion as a cultural heritage site, ensuring its preservation for future generations.

Location

• Address: 40 kilometers from the county seat of Binchuan, Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province (云南省大理州宾川县州府下关40公里)

Opening Hours

• Open all day

How to Get There

Guanyinqing is easily accessible via road. Visitors can drive or take public transport from Xiaguan (下关) or other major cities in Yunnan Province. The nearest airport is Dali Airport, which connects to various cities across China.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The ideal time to visit is during spring and autumn when the weather is pleasant.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying local dishes at roadside eateries, which offer a taste of authentic Yunnan cuisine.
• Respect Local Customs: As a spiritual site, visitors should be respectful during their visit, especially during religious ceremonies.
• Bring Cash: Some local vendors may not accept credit cards, so it’s advisable to carry cash for purchases.

Location and Overview

Guanyin Temple (观音寺) is located 56 kilometers from the county town of Binchuan (宾川), nestled 2 kilometers northeast of Pingchuan Town (平川镇), at the foot of Niujiao Mountain (牛角山) and Mu Yu Mountain (木鱼山). The temple is perched on a cliff, with the Guanyin Hall (观音殿) hidden beneath it, surrounded by peculiar rock formations, ancient trees, and hanging vines. In front of the temple, a stone arch bridge spans clear waters, with a gentle stream flowing nearby, creating a pleasant climate and thriving ecology.

Historical Significance

The temple was established in the first year of the Wanli period during the Ming Dynasty (1573), initiated by the Governor of Yunnan, Zou Yinglong (邹应龙), from Xi’an, Shaanxi Province (陕西西安). In 2005, the local government invested over one million yuan to develop the temple, renovating Longquan Pool (龙泉池), paving a stone road from Jiangwai Village (江外村) to Guanyin Temple, and constructing Guanyin Temple Park (观音寺公园). Covering over 3,000 square meters, the temple complex features a central axis layout with three levels and six halls, integrating natural scenery, cultural heritage, and religious significance. In 1989, it was designated as a key cultural heritage site, and in 2005, it became a center for cultural activities, tourism, elderly services, and religious affairs management.

Cultural Traditions

Every year during the lunar new year, particularly from the first to the fifteenth day, Pingchuan holds a lively lion dance (闹狮灯) tradition. After breakfast, locals gather at Guanyin Temple to enjoy the festivities. As visitors approach the temple, they encounter neatly arranged vendors selling delicious local snacks, including hot Zhu Kula coffee (朱苦拉咖啡), sizzling Huang Jian Liangfen (黄煎凉粉), sweet sugar residue (糖渣), and soft rice vermicelli (米凉虾), creating a bustling market atmosphere.

The performance venue is always packed, featuring over 20 artistic groups presenting more than 30 vibrant programs, such as “Warmly Welcome You to Pingchuan” (热忱欢迎你到平川来) and traditional lantern dance shows. The songs and dances convey the warm hospitality of the Pingchuan people, leaving a lasting impression on the audience.

The Pingchuan lion dance is a centuries-old intangible cultural heritage. Performers use lion, deer, and crane props, blending music with drama, acrobatics, and dance, while incorporating auspicious phrases for a joyful celebration, creating a festive atmosphere filled with cheer and harmony.

Personal Reflections

For many children raised in Pingchuan, Guanyin Temple holds cherished memories. As a child, I would gaze at the temple from my family’s ancient well, its dark green trees resembling a large umbrella over our small courtyard. The nearby fields of lotus made for a fragrant journey as we walked along familiar paths into the temple’s embrace.

The temple stands proudly against the majestic Niujiao Mountain, known for its shape resembling a water buffalo’s horn. Local lore tells of a cave where water from the Dragon King Temple (龙王庙) flows, nourishing the fertile lands. Although recent droughts have diminished the water flow, the legend remains.

Guanyin Temple’s stone arch bridge, with its historic inscriptions, connects us to the labor and lives of past generations. Upon approaching the temple’s grand entrance, one feels a deep respect for its enduring presence, built upon a massive rock that evokes childhood memories and a lifelong fascination with unique stones.

Community Events and Activities

Every New Year, the temple buzzes with activity—cultural performances, dragon dances, and a bustling market atmosphere. The local community often engages in selling handmade wild fruits during these festivities, capturing joyous moments that linger in memory.

Guanyin Temple is not just a religious site; it embodies the cultural, ethnic, and spiritual life of the Pingchuan area. During various festivals like the Taizi Festival (太子会), Chongyang Festival (重阳节), and Dragon Boat Festival (端午节), the temple attracts numerous visitors, reinforcing its role as a hub for cultural activities and tourism.

How to Get There

To reach Guanyin Temple, visitors can drive or take a local bus from Dali (大理) to Binchuan County (宾川), then head towards Pingchuan Town (平川镇). The journey offers scenic views of the surrounding landscapes.

Travel Tips

• Timing: Visit during local festivals for vibrant cultural experiences.
• What to Bring: Cash for local snacks and souvenirs, as well as a camera to capture the stunning scenery.
• Stay Hydrated: The temple’s natural beauty invites exploration, so remember to carry water.
• Respect Local Customs: Engage with locals and learn about their traditions to enrich your visit.

Basic Introduction

• Chinese Name:祥云天峰山歌会
• English Name: Tianfengshan Mountain Song Festival in Xiangyun County, Dali
• Location: Xiangyun County, Dali
• Festival date: 15th day of the second month in the lunar calendar.

The most famous event at Tianfeng Mountain in Xiangyun County is the annual Tianfeng Song Festival, which is a traditional holiday for the ethnic minorities in Dali. During this time, people of various ethnic groups, primarily Yi, from Xiangyun County, Midu County, and counties such as Nanhua, Yao’an, and Dayao in Chuxiong Prefecture, along with tourists, gather here to participate in grand activities that include chanting scriptures, singing, joyous singing competitions, romantic duets, and spring outings to enjoy the beautiful scenery, which are the main highlights of the festival.

“Pluck the strings and dance on your feet, jump up to make the yellow-gray medicine.” This is a vivid description of the Puji Town Tianfeng Song Festival, characterized by its vibrant ethnic flavor. Mount Tianfeng is renowned as the “First Mountain of Daoism from the South,” and the Tianfeng Song Festival originated from the Daoist activity known as the “Laojun Birthday Celebration.”

At the start of the festival, traditional rituals are performed amidst the majestic sounds of the mountain horns, praying for national peace and stability. Following the rituals, there will be performances of ancient cave music, which should not be missed.

During the festival, singers from all corners of the country gather at the singing grounds to sing passionately, forging friendships through song and expressing emotions through music. The repertoire features traditional Yi folk songs, heartfelt duets, and melodious solo performances by women, all of which embody a heartfelt commitment to preserving cultural roots and celebrating the shared prosperity of various ethnic groups.

Festival Activities

Tianfeng Mountain in Xiangyun County, Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province, commonly known as Laojun Mountain, is one of the famous Taoist mountains in Southwest China. The Taoist buildings on the mountain, such as temples, pavilions, and halls, were mostly built during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Tianfeng Mountain is located at the junction of Xiangyun, Yao’an, and Nanhua counties, and is characterized by its steep terrain and picturesque landscape. It is a well-known tourist destination in Yunnan, celebrated for its natural scenery and Taoist culture.

Festival Origin

The Xiangyun Tianfeng Mountain Song Festival originates from the Taoist activity “Laojun Shengdan Festival” at Tianfeng Mountain. The Lao Jun Shengdan Festival has a history of over 500 years. Since the Ming Dynasty, on the 15th day of the second lunar month each year, a grand Lao Jun Festival has been held at Tianfeng Mountain, attracting tens of thousands of Yi and Han compatriots from all directions. They gather at Laojun Mountain to participate in various activities and celebrate with singing and dancing. An inscription from the 57th year of the Qianlong Emperor states: “Every year on the 15th day of the second lunar month, people from all directions flock together, gathering at the heavenly capital, playing music and dancing, singing songs with great joy, preserving the ancient pure customs.” After several hundred years of inheritance and evolution, it has developed into the current Xiangyun Tianfeng Mountain Song Festival.

Festival Culture

During the Xiangyun Tianfeng Mountain Song Festival, the atmosphere is lively and crowded, with songs resonating throughout the mountains. Apart from the grand and solemn Taoist activities, singing is the main event. People from various places, particularly talented Yi singers and dancers dressed in festive attire, gather at Tianfeng Mountain. In the singing area, they join hands to form a circle while playing the lusheng (a kind of bamboo flute), sanxian (a three-stringed instrument), and flute to create melodious music. People dance with vibrant energy or gentle grace, often celebrating throughout the night. The Xiangyun Tianfeng Mountain Song Festival is also one of the best gatherings for young men and women to find their partners.

Introduction

Tianfengshan Mountain, also known as Yusun Peak (玉笋峰), and commonly referred to as Laojun Mountain (老君山) or Laojun Hall (老君殿), is located in Puzhu Town, Xiangyun County, Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. The main peak rises to an elevation of 2,578 meters. The mountain features a pyramid-like structure with steep terrain, standing tall amidst surrounding mountains. Laojun Hall, built during the Ming Dynasty (万历年间), is a wooden structure with a single eave and hip roof, adorned with a pair of dragon columns. A large plaque reading “Dao De Wu Qian” (道德五千) hangs prominently in front, dedicated to the worship of Taishang Laojun (太上老君), hence the name Laojun Hall. To the right is a stone-carved merit archway, leading to the magnificent Yuhuang Pavilion (玉皇阁).

Tianfengshan is a prominent Taoist site, known for its architectural unity of the Three Teachings (Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism) and exquisite wooden carvings. It is regarded as “the first Taoist mountain in the South” and serves as a key Taoist and scenic site in Xiangyun County. The mountain is surrounded by dense forests, and every year on the 15th day of the second lunar month, the Puzhu Tianfengshan “Singing Festival” (歌会节) attracts thousands of local Yi (彝族) people who gather to sing and dance.

General Information

• Chinese Name: 天峰山
• Alternate Name: 玉笋峰 (Yusun Peak)
• Main Peak Elevation: 2,578 meters
• Established: Ming Dynasty (万历年间)

Honorary Status

Recently, the architectural complex of Laojun Hall at Tianfengshan Mountain has been designated as a provincial-level cultural relic protection unit by the Yunnan Provincial Government. The site features a rich array of Taoist architecture with intricate carvings and golden decorations, showcasing cultural artistry.

Geographic Location

Tianfengshan Mountain is situated in Xiangyun County, Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province. It is a well-known Taoist mountain and a significant scenic area in the region. The mountain is densely forested and located at the intersection of the Yi districts of Xiangyun, Nanhua, Ya’an, and Midu counties. It is easily accessible from the provincial capital, Kunming, which is approximately 300 kilometers away, and Dali City, about 40 kilometers away.

Notable Attractions

1. Laojun Hall (老君殿)
2. Yuhuang Pavilion (玉皇阁)
3. Merit Archway (功德坊)
4. Lingguan Hall (灵官殿)
5. Yaowang Hall (药王殿)
6. Three Heavenly Gates (三天门)

Cultural Significance

Festival Activities

The Tianfengshan Singing Festival originated from the Taoist event “Laojun’s Birthday Celebration.” This festival has a history of over 500 years and is held on the 15th day of the second lunar month. Tens of thousands of participants, including Yi and Han people, gather to celebrate, sing, and dance in the designated singing area.

During the festival, the atmosphere is vibrant and lively, with traditional instruments like the lusheng (芦笙), sanxian (三弦), and flutes filling the air with beautiful melodies. The gathering serves not only as a religious event but also as an occasion for young people to meet and socialize.

Related Works

• Essay: “本色天峰山” by Hu Bing (胡冰) – This essay reflects on the natural beauty and cultural significance of Tianfengshan Mountain, emphasizing its authenticity and unadorned charm.

How to Get There

Tianfengshan Mountain is accessible by bus from Kunming to Xiangyun County, with frequent daily services. From Xiangyun, local transport options can take you to Puzhu Town, where the mountain is located.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The ideal time to explore Tianfengshan is during the spring and autumn months when the weather is mild and the scenery is at its best.
• Safety Precautions: Be sure to wear comfortable shoes for hiking and carry sufficient water.
• Respect Local Culture: Engage with local customs, especially during the Singing Festival, and be mindful of the sacredness of the Taoist sites.
• Photography: Capture the stunning views but remember to respect the environment and other visitors.

Overview

Xiangyun Old Town (Xiangyun Gu Cheng, 祥云古城), previously known as Yunnan City (云南城) and Erhai Wei City (洱海卫城), derives its name from the Han dynasty tale “Cai Yun Nan Xian” (彩云南现). Archaeological findings from Qinghua Cave (清华洞) in 1962, including stone axes, stone chisels, pottery, and charcoal remnants, indicate that humans have inhabited this land since the Neolithic period. Established as Yunnan Prefecture in the third year of the Jianxing era of the Shu Han dynasty, it served as a political, economic, and cultural hub in Northwestern Yunnan for over 300 years.

The ancient city of Yunnan, now known as Xiangyun Old Town, was founded in the 15th year of the Hongwu era of the Ming dynasty (明洪武15年), designed in a square layout resembling a large seal. The bell and drum tower (钟鼓楼) serves as the central axis, harmonizing with the surrounding geography, including Phoenix Mountain (凤凰山) to the east and Wolong Mountain (卧龙山) to the west. The city walls are built of bricks and stones, featuring over a thousand defensive battlements and surrounded by a moat, with gates named Zhenyangmen (镇阳门), Zhenhaimen (镇海门), Qingpingmen (清平门), and Renhemen (仁和门). Inside the city, five streets and thirteen alleys accommodate numerous ancient buildings, including official residences, temples, clan halls, and traditional homes.

Other Names

• Xiangyun County Ancient District (祥云县古城区)
• Qinghua Cave Ancient Town Tourism Area (清华洞古镇旅游区)

Location

• Belongs to: Xiangyun County (祥云县), Dali Prefecture (大理州), Yunnan Province (云南省)
• Built: 15th year of Hongwu, Ming Dynasty
• Cultural Heritage: Eastern city gate and bell drum tower are key protected cultural relics.

History of Xiangyun Old Town

Xiangyun Old Town, originally known as Yunnan City and Erhai Wei City, was a true “Ancient Yunnan City,” constructed during the Han and Tang dynasties and completed in the Yuan and Ming dynasties. The city embodies rich historical significance and cultural heritage, reflecting its importance as a regional center.

Scale and Design

Xiangyun Old Town is laid out in a square seal shape. The design harmonizes with the surrounding hills, symbolizing a connection to nature. The central bell and drum tower stands as a focal point where the town’s main streets converge, adorned with inscriptions reflecting its cultural essence. The city’s architecture, featuring ancient stone walls and elegant buildings, conveys the fusion of Central Plains culture and Southern Yao culture, making it a unique example of Han Chinese urban design in a region dominated by ethnic minorities.

Cultural Heritage Protection

Xiangyun County’s Eastern City Gate and the bell and drum tower have been designated as key cultural relics by the Yunnan Provincial Government since December 18, 2003.

Eastern City Gate (东城门)

The Eastern City Gate is part of the Ming dynasty Erhai Wei City, built in 1382 under the direction of the military commander Zhou Neng. It remains a critical site for studying the Ming dynasty’s architectural and urban planning.

Bell and Drum Tower (钟鼓楼)

The bell and drum tower stands prominently in the town center, constructed in 1386. Its exquisite design features a four-story structure with intricately designed roof eaves. The tower serves as a historical marker, connecting four main streets and reflecting the architectural style of the Ming and Qing dynasties.

Current Situation

In recent years, Xiangyun County has focused on urban development while emphasizing the protection of historical sites. The balance between preserving the old town’s character and fostering modern growth has resulted in a vibrant community with a greening coverage rate of 27.85%.

Travel Information

How to Get There

• By Air: The nearest airport is Dali Airport (大理机场), which offers flights from major cities.
• By Train: High-speed trains connect Kunming (昆明) to Dali, followed by local transportation to Xiangyun.
• By Road: Buses and taxis are available from Dali and surrounding areas.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The spring and autumn months offer mild weather and beautiful scenery.
• Cultural Etiquette: Respect local customs, especially when visiting temples and historical sites.
• Local Cuisine: Try local delicacies in the ancient streets; don’t miss out on traditional Yunnan dishes.
• Safety: Be cautious in crowded areas and secure personal belongings.

Overview

Tianhuashan Mountain (天华山, Tiānhuá Shān), also known as Nanhua Mountain (南华山, Nánhua Shān), is historically referred to as “Nanhua Shengji.” It is located in Zongpeng Village, Majie Township, Xiangyun County (祥云县, Xiángyún Xiàn), Dali (大理, Dàlǐ), Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng). The driving distance from the county seat to the scenic area is approximately 25 kilometers.

One of its most distinctive features is the “Hanging Stone Dragon” (石龙倒挂, Shílóng Dàoguà), which consists of two stalactites resembling stone dragons that hang from a sheer cliff.

• Chinese Name: 天华山
• English Name: Tianhuashan Mountain
• Location: Dali, Xiangyun County, Yunnan Province
• Climate: Temperate monsoon climate
• Opening Hours: Open all day
• Attraction Level: AAAA-level
• Entrance Fee: Free
• Area: Approximately 83 km²
• Famous Attraction: 石龙倒挂 (Hanging Stone Dragon)

Historical Background

Xiangyun was originally named Yunnan and was renamed in 1918. The county is located in the central-west part of Yunnan Province, on the eastern edge of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, home to various ethnic groups including Han, Bai, Yi, Lisu, Miao, and Hui.

Tianhuashan, historically known as “Nanhua Shengji,” is situated approximately 50 li (about 25 kilometers) south of the city, featuring steep cliffs and two prominent peaks. The site has notable features like the Hanging Stone Dragon, ancient caves, and stone towers. Historical texts document that Li Su (李素), a Ming dynasty official, lived here and authored the “Nanya Zouyi Chūnqiū Xinjue” (《南华奏议春秋心诀》).

Xiangyun is located 300 kilometers from the provincial capital, Kunming (昆明, Kūnmíng), and 40 kilometers from Dali City (大理市, Dàlǐ Shì).

Scenic Features

The Tianhuashan Daoist Temple (道观, Dàoguàn) was established in the Ming dynasty, featuring ancient buildings on the cliffs. The cliffs boast unique landscapes, including the Hanging Stone Dragon and inscriptions stating “云洱无双地，匡州第一山” (“Yun’ er is a unique land; Kuang Prefecture’s first mountain”). The scenic area consists of numerous attractions like the Immortal Bed (仙床, Xiānchuáng), Hanging Stone Dragon, Stone House Skylight (石屋天窗, Shíwū Tiāncāng), and several ancient caves.

The Hanging Stone Dragon is the most notable feature, where two stalactites resemble dragons hanging from a cliff. Each year on the ninth day of the first lunar month, a ceremony called the “Hanging Dragon Ceremony” takes place, where climbers hang colorful cloth on the dragon’s head.

Culinary Specialties

Tianhuashan is known for its high-quality chestnuts (板栗, Bǎnlì), which can be eaten raw, roasted, or made into various dishes. The chestnuts from this region are large, white, and flavorful, with high nutritional and economic value.

The region also abounds in wild vegetables (山野菜, Shānyě cài) due to its rich rainfall and dense forests, which have numerous species that are edible and medicinal. Traditional Chinese medicine suggests that these wild vegetables have high nutritional value, beneficial for preventing various diseases.

Cultural Significance

On the stone walls beneath the Xingjun Pavilion (星君阁, Xīngjūn Gé) on Tianhuashan, the inscription “云洱无双地，匡州第一山” reflects the historical sentiments of travelers. This expression of admiration is part of a poetic tradition that dates back to the Han dynasty.

Xiangyun has long been imbued with Daoist cultural significance. During the Han dynasty, Emperor Wu sent emissaries to explore the region, leading to the establishment of Yun County. In later periods, legends associated with Zhuge Liang (诸葛亮, Zhūgě Liàng) and his expeditions here have further enriched the area’s mystical allure.

In the Ming dynasty, the integration of Buddhist and Daoist practices shaped the region’s religious landscape, leading to the construction of several temples and pavilions, including the Jade Emperor Pavilion (玉皇阁, Yùhuáng Gé) and Queen Mother Pavilion (王母阁, Wángmǔ Gé). This melding of cultures created a spiritual atmosphere that attracted numerous visitors.

The breathtaking peaks and mysterious rock formations of Tianhuashan continue to inspire poetry and admiration. Notable lines from poems describing its beauty include:

“巨灵突兀显示奇踪，绝壁千寻倒挂龙；
莫谓石顽无雨降，须知洞古有云从。”
(“The mighty spirit reveals its wonders; the sheer cliff hangs the dragon high;
Do not say the stones are stubborn; know that clouds have always lingered here.”)

How to Get There

To reach Tianhuashan Mountain, you can drive from Dali City or Xiangyun County. The scenic area is about a 30-minute drive from Dali and approximately 25 kilometers from the Xiangyun County seat. Local taxis and rideshare services are also available for convenient transportation.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The spring and autumn months offer pleasant weather for hiking and sightseeing.
• Safety Precautions: Ensure to wear appropriate hiking shoes, as the terrain can be rugged.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying the local chestnuts and wild vegetables, as they are a highlight of the region.
• Photography: Bring a camera to capture the stunning landscapes and unique rock formations.
• Cultural Respect: Be mindful of local customs and the spiritual significance of the area while visiting temples and sacred sites.

Overview

Qinghai Lake (青海湖, Qīnghǎi Hú) in Xiangyun County (祥云县, Xiángyún Xiàn) is different from the famous Qinghai Lake in Qinghai Province (青海省, Qīnghǎi Shěng). This Qinghai Lake is a freshwater lake located 7 kilometers southeast of Xiangyun County, within Shalong Town (沙龙镇, Shālóng Zhèn). In the Yuan Dynasty (元代, Yuándài), it was known as “Qinghu” (青湖, Qīnghú), and during the Qing Dynasty (清代, Qīngdài), it was called “Qinglong Lake” (青龙湖, Qīnglóng Hú). Due to its clear waters year-round, it was later renamed Qinghai Lake.

With the establishment of a national-level water scenic area, the ecological environment of Qinghai Lake has gradually improved. Wild waterfowl such as the red-crowned crane (赤麻鸭, chìmǎyā), the great crested grebe (骨顶鸡, gǔdǐngjī), and the egret (白鹭, báilù) have returned to breed and inhabit this beautiful natural landscape.

Geographic Information

• Chinese Name: 青海湖 (Qīnghǎi Hú)
• English Name: Qinghai Lake
• Location: Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng), Xiangyun County (祥云县, Xiángyún Xiàn)
• Opening Hours: Year-round, Monday to Sunday, 09:00-21:00
• Attraction Level: National-level water scenic area
• Area: Approximately 6.3 km² (平方公里)

Notable Attractions

• Qinghai Moonlight (青海月痕, Qīnghǎi Yuèhén)
• Other names: Qinghu (青湖, Qīnghú), Qinglong Lake (青龙湖, Qīnglóng Hú)

Development History

Historically, Qinghai Lake has been known by various names, including Qinghu, Qinglonghai, and Qinghai, reflecting its long-standing reputation for clear waters. Since the Yuan Dynasty, it has been affectionately referred to as “Qinghai Moonlight” (青海月痕, Qīnghǎi Yuèhén), and is one of the “Eight Scenic Spots of Xiangyun” (祥云八大景, Xiángyún Bādàjǐng).

Qinghai Lake is situated about 5 kilometers southeast of Xiangyun County. Formed from a natural depression, the lake spans approximately 6.3 square kilometers. Its lower geographical position makes it a critical area for water accumulation, flood control, and drainage.

After the 1950s, frequent land reclamation and pond construction around Qinghai Lake led to a drastic reduction in its area, causing significant ecological damage. During dry years, the lake dried up, depriving nearby villages of water and hindering agricultural activities. Conversely, heavy rains led to flooding disasters.

From 2010 onwards, during the dry seasons, Qinghai Lake often ran dry, with minimal rainfall unable to meet local water needs. To restore the lake’s former beauty, the National Tobacco Monopoly Bureau invested 170 million yuan in water conservancy projects, which included dredging the lakebed and constructing surrounding embankments. As a result, Qinghai Lake has become a tourism and leisure destination, with the scenic hydrological landscape starting to take shape.

Scenic Features

Qinghai Lake is a significant scenic area in Xiangyun County and is known for its high tourism value. At night, visitors can invite friends to enjoy the beauty of “Qinghai Moonlight.” As the moon rises from the east, its gentle reflection dances on the lake’s surface, accompanied by softly swaying green trees along the shore.

In poetic imagery, “The moon above and the moon below; the water and sky blend into one,” creating a picturesque scene that evokes deep emotions. A historical quote from the Qing Dynasty describes Qinghai Lake as: “恍疑龙抱骊珠卧，照映秋林桂子黄” (Huǎng yí lóng bào lí zhū wò, zhàoyìng qiū lín guì zǐ huáng), translating to “It seems like a dragon cradles a pearl, reflecting the golden autumn woods.”

Specialty Products

Qinghai Lake is renowned for its abundance of fish species, including crucian carp (鲫鱼, jìyú), carp (鲤鱼, lǐyú), and green fish (青鱼, qīngyú). It also produces lotus roots (莲藕, lián’ǒu) and reeds (苇, wěi), making it a paradise for aquatic flora and fauna. The lakeside is adorned with lush bamboo and willows, providing a graceful ambiance under the moonlight.

How to Get There

Qinghai Lake can be accessed via local roads from Xiangyun County. Visitors may take buses or taxis from the county seat to reach the lake.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Late spring and early autumn provide the best weather and scenery.
• Night Visits: Consider visiting at night to enjoy the moonlight reflecting on the lake.
• Photography: Bring a camera to capture the stunning landscapes, especially during dawn and dusk.
• Local Cuisine: Try local specialties at nearby restaurants and enjoy the picturesque setting.
• Respect Nature: Maintain the natural environment by not littering and respecting wildlife.

Yunnanyi (云南驿) is absolutely a special small town. It is located in Xiangyun County(祥云县), which is more than 200 kilometers from Kunming. “Yunnanyi”, still keeps the original name of “Yunnan” in Yunnan Province. 

“Yunnanyi”Ancient Town belonged to the old haunt in Yunnan County (云南县) in the Han Dynasty and Yunnanjun Prefecture(云南郡) in the Wei and Jin Dynasties(魏晋). It had been famous since the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties set Yunnanyi in Yunnan, it is the hometown of the South of Colorful Clouds(彩云之南). It may be called as the “Source of Yunnan.”
 
From the 2nd century BC to the early years of the past century, in the long history of more than 2,200 years, Yunnanyi successively went through the settings of county(县), Jun or prefecture(郡), jiedushi(节度使), zhou(州), dan(赕), city(城) andcourier station(驿站) and has always used “Yunnan”its name and witnessed countless tremendous changes.
    
 As a place of strategic importance of the Southern Silk Road, that is, “the Road from Sichuan (Shuyan Dudao 蜀身毒道) to India (Sindhu, transliteration of India)” and “the Ancient Tea and Horse Road茶马古道”, for many years, Yunnanyi treated many merchants and horses from other places, just like an endless stream. The hustle and bustle of large crowds passed by Yunnanyi. All kinds of caravansaries had developed more than thirties. Yunnanyi become the true meaningful “the Home of Horses”floated in the Southwest Silk Road. 

Yunnanyi Town(云南驿) was the most strategic base for allied force in Southwest China; The Hump, 
Burma Road, China-India Oil pipeline,Tea-horse Route all gathered in Yunnanyi during the Second World War, and because 
of its strategic position it was latter 
written into western history.      Yunnanyi was also known as “the living fossil of human transportation development history” (人类交通发展史的活化石), because it includes caravan, road transportation, railway transportation, and air transportation. 

At the entrance of Yunnanyi, there are two couplets.
One is:
马帮铃响店小二迎来送往
邸报飞传众官员暮留朝去

Another is: 
东奔西走天上地下皆为军火
南来北去鞍前马后只闻茶香

These two couplets vividly depict the geographical characteristic and cultural traits of Yunnanyi. Yunnanyi is not only a place in Yunnan –Tibet Tea-horse Ancient Road where caravans can have a meal or cook by themselves, but also an interchange of the Hump, the Burma Road , China-India pipeline and Tea-horse Ancient Road during the World WarⅡ.

The one kilometer long flagging is in a good condition.

Walking back and forth on this road, I couldn’t help recalling its long history.

The Stories of Ancient Tea Horse Road, Burma Road and Hump Airline in Yunnanyi Old Town
The ancient stone road, which lies quietly under the foot, is called the “five-foot road”(五尺道) of the southern Silk Road (南方丝绸之路).
It passes through Guiyang, Kunming to Yunnanyi (云南驿) and extends respectively to Lincang (临沧) and Tengchong (腾冲), and finally leaves the country.
Yunnanyi as a boundary, the east of the road is called Tea-horse Ancient Road(茶马古道), the west of the road is called Bogu Road (博古道).
Through this ancient road, Chinese silk, tea and porcelain are exported to Myanmar, India, Arab and the Roman Empire. At the same time, agate, ivory and jewelry are also continuously imported to China. 
Walking on the flagging, I seemed to hear “the bells ring in the mountainand the caravans come.”

The timeworn and depressed pavements on both sides of the street, and the visible prints of horses on the “guiding horse stone”, seemed to confirm the disappearing history.

During the Anti-Japanese War, a large number of goods were transported to the frontline through Yunnanyi. Therefore the position, Yunnanyi as a traffic hub in southwest China, is established.

With the changes of history and the development of society, the opening of trains, planes and expressways one after another, the original transportation of the caravan has become history, and Yunnanyi is the witness of Yunnan’s transportation history.

Mankind has expanded its road wider and wider, gradually enlarging the word “Yunnan”(云南). Let the name of a small town become the name of a province.

However, the pace of mankind is getting faster and faster, and the posthouse has been thrown to a certain corner of history.

The both sides of the ancient post road is strewn with stones, and the sewer system is being renovated.
 
  The houses on both sides of the ancient post road are the traditional one-door one-window one-shop style of the Han nationality in Yunnan, which is rarely seen today.

During the Spring Festival, there is no any visitor except our two unexpected guests.
But at that time, Yunnanyi still maintains the serenity and peace of the Millennium ancient town.

Caravan Cultural Museum
 During the period of the Republic of China in Qing dynasty(清代民国期间), Yunnanyi became the most important and prosperous distributing center along the Tea-horse Ancient Road. Every day, many caravans passed throughYunnanyi. Some caravans had more than 300 horses, and other also had at least five to six horses. The caravans transported leather and medicinal materials to the east, and tea, cloth, salt and general merchandise to the west. Based on the Historical records, Lin Zexu(林则徐) lived in Yunnanyi when he arrived in Yunnan.
Today’s Caravan Cultural Museum was built on the site of the largestcaravansary in that year.

The couplet in front of the gate is: 昔日繁华百宝街，雄商大贾挟货来The momentum is evident.

The route of the Ancient Tea Horse Road before.

 
The introduction on this wooden board said: “this caravansary was founded in the early Qing dynasty and declined in the Republic of China.  It is the largest and most well-preserved caravansary on the Tea-horse Ancient Road. Past events have vanished like smoke, and the caravan becomes a story. What you see here is only the remnant fragments of the caravan culture, and the people who had carried these cultures disappeared …”
 

Caravansary is very quiet and empty, as if to create a special artistic conception for us when we get into it.Bell rang and the caravan came in the past, and now the slabstone is covered with moss.

Walking into the caravansary is like walking into a night one hundred years ago: every pillar is lit with a lantern, the horse tied under the lantern is eating forage in the trough, the pack is discharged on the groundorderly, and it is filled with Pu’er tea, pan salt and local products.  From a few old suitcases and wooden cases of different styles, we can know that there are guests of different identities on the road with the caravan.  
 
In the counting room, the account book is opened under the oil lamps, as if bookkeeper has just left to north courtyard to greet the guests. The well water in the courtyard was still clear, the forage beside sickle had not been cut, and the grain on the stone mill had just been piled up…
 

 Supplies for the caravan: clothes, shoes, water pipes, haversacks, and even a soldering iron(烙铁熨斗).
 

This dress and haversack have accumulated a hundred years of dust. As if once were touched, it would become powder.

 
It is a place for the caravan to drink tea and rest. You can imagine that a group of caravan entered this ancient posthouse with the jingle of horse bells in the evening with the afterglow of the setting sun. Before it was dark, the guest rooms were filled with guests who came from different places. Although they had been trudging along the rugged mountain road all day, they were still gathering together happily, drinking delicious roast tea while boasting about their experiences and adventures on the road…

Facing the dawn of the next day, horses carrying all kinds of materials rushed to the other side in a shouting.

The songs sung by rider was written on the wall, like master’s picture：
“头骡打扮玻璃镜，千珠穿满马套头。一朵红缨遮吃口，脑门心上扎绣球”；“身着大地头顶天，星星月亮伴我眠。阿哥赶马走四方，阿妹空房守半年”、“砍柴莫砍苦葛藤，有囡莫给赶马人。三十晚上讨媳妇，初一初二就出门”。

The memorial tablets of the mountain gods, the road gods and the bridgegods are put in the main room on the upstairs. Whenever the master cameor left, he would come here to worship.

 

A few box-style beds with mottled red bedclothes seemed to leave traces of guests from north and south. Once upon a time, all the valuables of travelling merchants were put in these box-style beds and people slept soundly on them.

  The copper basin on the wash stand and the water pot on the window sill seemed to be steaming.

The most exciting thing is the jingling of horse bell which reverberates in the valley, long and lonely.

However, these bells are closed forever.

 The past prosperity has finally become a silent history. It is a pity.      
                              
Second World War Transportation Historical Memorial Hall

 
Second World War Transportation Historical Memorial Hall (二战中印缅战区交通史纪念馆) stands across the street from Yunnan Caravan Cultural Museum (云南马帮文化博物馆). The building’s main structure was made of wood, and it was nearly one hundred years old. Building area of memorial mall was 339 square meters, and floor area was 724 square meters. Historical Memorial Hall was a command center for allied forces during World War II.

与“”隔街相望的是“”。纪念馆设在一幢近百年的老宅院里，占地339平方米，土木结构两层一进四合院，建筑面积724平方米。抗战时期这里曾用作盟军的一个指挥部。
门上对联：史笔如铁评二战成败；年华似水说一代英雄——

 庭院里，东西厢房分设四个小展室，讲述着二战时期云南驿的故事。
天井里漏泄的阳光，仿佛时光，让人退回到那个永不泯灭的历史段落。倏地，敬畏之心油然而起，甚而让人没有勇气、无力再揭开那一段壮怀激烈历史的帷幕。

Entrance of the Memory Hall displayed an introductions on the wall with a slogan “War can be determined by transportation”(交通决定战争). During Second World War, The Hump Airline (驼峰航线), The Burma Road (滇缅公路), China-India Oil Pipe Line(中印输油管), all came together at Yunnanyi (云南驿). This small town became the most strategic place in Southeast Asia, and was latter written into western history. 

 
During WWII, Yunnanyi（云南驿） became the most strategic military base in Southeast Asia, because of the Burma Road(滇缅公路) (now known as National Road 320) passes through this town. Yunnanyi air port was an air transfer station for The Hump, it was also the 38th Kuomintang(国民党) Air Force Station (国民党空军第38站) and the site of Kuomintang Central Air Force Military Academy(国民党中央航空军官学校).       

In 1941, the US Air Force (美国空军基地司令部) commanded over 200 air crafts to support China against Japanese invasion, it includes combat unit and transportation unit , and they retreated after the invasion was over in 1945. In May 1942, Japanese army invaded China from Burma(缅甸), US Air Force (美国援华飞行大队) sent The Flying Tigers (飞虎队) to station in Yunnanyi Airport (云南驿机场). The station latter established special facilities such as “New York Village”(纽约村) and “American Red-cross Hospital”(美国红医院)  which was used to treat wounded soldiers from front line. “New York restaurants” and “Huamei restaurant” was opened to serve European food. Yunnanyi later became known as “The Small Hongkong” (小香港) or “The Small New York” (小纽约). Some said that many American soldiers who came to China do not know Yunnan, but they all know Yunnanyi.   
The Hump Airline (驼峰航线) was an air route created in 1942 by China and United States to fight against Japanese invasion. A total of about 800 thousand tons of strategic goods was transported to China through this air route, but there were 609 airplanes crashed and disappeared during this time, which sacrificed nearly 2000 pilots. The Hump plays an extremely important role in the victory of China against Japanese invasion.

The famous Still-well Highway (Burma Road)

On the wall of Memorial Hall there are some old pictures of the Burma Road. The Burma Road has been reconstructed lately, left only a small section of the original stone road. In the latter years of the resistance war against Japan, Japanese troops occupied west of Nujiang River (怒江) in Burma, which blocked transportation of goods on the Burma Road. Transportation using aircraft through the Hump was very costly and limited. During the time of crisis ancient Tea-horse Road (茶马古道) played an important role in transportation. Tibetan merchants use the yaks to carry goods from India(印度), Nepal(泥泊尔) to Lhasa(拉萨), and then caravan carry them to Shangri-La(香格里拉), to the border of Yunnan(云南) and Tibet(西藏). Tibetans, Yi, Bai, Naxi and many other ethnic groups’ caravan transport goods to Dali(大理) and later to Kunming(昆明). Yaks, horses, mules and donkeys were all used during transportation of goods, which covered a very long distance. People of all ethnic groups in Southwest China helped intensively during the transport of supplies, which sustained the Resistance War against Japanese invasion. Historically, all the caravans of Yunnanyi helped to complete this impossible task. 

 In the center of the memorial hall, a 10 square meter model displayed the structures layout of Yunnanyi. This model includes Burma Road, The Hump Route Airport, China-Indian oil pipeline; and the thousands of mules, horses, yaks carrying goods on the Tea-horse Road. This gives a visual display on why Yunnanyi was a strategic transportation station. 
 

The second floor’s main lobby was an exhibition of Flying Tigers. The hall beside it displayed World War II historical relics, which include daily necessities for US soldiers, wartime communication equipment, hand-operated generators, telephones, and some of them can still be used.

Second World War Transportation Historical Memorial Hall was built to honor those who died in during the war. Today, look back at those historical battles in Yunnanyi, and what people sacrificed in order to bring peace to their children.

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Overview

Jiuding Mountain (九鼎山, Jiǔdǐng Shān), also known as “Jiuding Yunfeng” (九鼎云峰, Jiǔdǐng Yúnfēng), is located 10 kilometers north of Xiangyun County (祥云县, Xiángyún Xiàn), at the junction of the former Xiangcheng Town (祥城镇, Xiángchéng Zhèn) and the former Xiangbi Township (象鼻乡, Xiàngbí Xiāng) in Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng). The mountain is part of the Hengduan Mountain Range (横断山系, Héngduàn Shānxì) and is characterized by its steep terrain and the presence of nine prominent peaks.

Historical Background

The Jiuding Temple (九鼎寺, Jiǔdǐng Sì) was originally established during the Hongwu period (洪武, Hóngwǔ) of the Ming Dynasty (明朝, Míng Cháo). The temple has undergone several renovations, notably during the Zhengde (正德, Zhèngdé) and Jiajing (嘉靖, Jiājìng) periods, and has expanded during both the Qing Dynasty (清朝, Qīng Cháo) and the Republic of China (民国, Mínguó) era. Today, the temple complex includes various halls and pavilions, such as the Tuchu Temple (土主庙, Tǔzhǔ Miào), Miaosheng Pavilion (妙胜阁, Miàoshèng Gé), Huayan Pavilion (华严阁, Huāyán Gé), and others.

Geographic Features

Jiuding Mountain rises to an elevation of 3,117 meters (10,200 feet) and is also referred to as “Nine Peaks Mountain” (九峰山, Jiǔfēng Shān) due to its distinctive peaks, which are named for their unique shapes: Jinzhu (禁足, Jìnzú), Shihou (狮吼, Shīhǒu), Lanxia (揽霞, Lǎnxiá), Zhaohua (招鹤, Zhāohuā), Emei (峨眉, Éméi), Shixian (侍仙, Shìxiān), Zhongxiu (中秀, Zhōngxiù), Diyun (递云, Dìyún), and Jingtai (经台, Jīngtái). The mountain is also home to several caves, including Bixia Cave (碧霞洞, Bìxiá Dòng), Guanyin Cave (观音洞, Guānyīn Dòng), and others.

Scenic Highlights

Visitors traveling along the Chuda Expressway (楚大高速公路) can catch glimpses of Jiuding Mountain near the Xiaoguan Village Reservoir (小官村水库, Xiǎoguān Cūn Shuǐkù). The mountain is often shrouded in mist, creating an enchanting landscape where clouds and peaks intertwine. Closer to Jiuding Mountain, the dramatic terrain becomes evident, featuring steep cliffs, rugged rocks, and towering peaks.

According to the Yunnan County Annals (《云南县志》), it is said, “The mountain is not high if it has an immortal; the abyss is not deep if it has a dragon.” This saying reflects the cultural significance of Jiuding Mountain, where historical structures like the Jiuding Temple complex have been built since the Tang Dynasty (唐代, Táng Dài).

Notable Structures

The Jiuding Temple complex consists of several buildings, including the Five Flying Pavilions (五飞阁, Wǔ Fēi Gé) established by the monk Mingji (明寂, Míngjì) during the Jiajing period. The iconic twin pagodas (双塔, Shuāng Tǎ) near Jiuding Temple were constructed in the 19th year of the Jiajing era (公元154年). The southern pagoda stands 9 meters tall and features a unique nine-tier design, while the northern pagoda reaches 7 meters in height, showcasing distinctive architectural styles.

How to Get There

Jiuding Mountain is accessible by road, located approximately 10 kilometers north of Xiangyun County. Travelers can take local buses or hire taxis from Xiangyun to reach the mountain.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn offer the best weather and scenic views.
• Hiking Gear: Wear appropriate hiking footwear and bring water for the trek.
• Photography: Capture the stunning landscapes, but respect the local culture when taking photos of religious sites.
• Local Cuisine: Try local Yunnan dishes at nearby villages.
• Guided Tours: Consider joining a local tour for a deeper understanding of the area’s history and culture.

Overview

Wanshou Temple (万寿寺, Wànshòu Sì) is situated on Wanshou Mountain (万寿山, Wànshòu Shān) in the northwestern part of Xiaoni Fang Village (小泥房村, Xiǎo Nífáng Cūn), Hedian Town (禾甸镇, Hédiān Zhèn), Xiangyun County (祥云县, Xiángyún Xiàn). The temple was originally built during the Kangxi period (康熙年间, Kāngxī Niánjiān) of the Qing Dynasty (清朝, Qīng Cháo).

Historical Background

Founded in the third year of the Hongwu era (洪武, Hóngwǔ) of the Ming Dynasty (明朝, Míng Cháo) by Yang Hui (杨惠, Yáng Huì), a descendant of the Nanzhao chieftain Yang Shilong (杨实隆, Yáng Shílóng), Wanshou Temple has undergone several renovations throughout its history. The temple is divided into three courtyards, with each courtyard serving different religious purposes.

Architectural Features

• Main Hall: Features the Maitreya Buddha (弥勒佛, Mílè Fó) and is dedicated to Guanyin (观音, Guānyīn) and various bodhisattvas.
• Second Courtyard: Contains the Buddha Hall (佛殿, Fó Diàn), which enshrines various Buddhist saints.
• Third Courtyard: Hosts the Jade Emperor Hall (玉皇殿, Yùhuáng Diàn), dedicated to the Jade Emperor (玉皇大帝, Yùhuáng Dàdì).

The temple is known as a religious and tourism site, attracting visitors who come to burn incense and pray, especially during the Lunar New Year (大年初一, Dà Nián Chūyī). The local Bai ethnic group (白族, Bái Zú) also gathers here to meet and celebrate.

Cultural Significance

Wanshou Temple, located 23 kilometers from Xiangyun County (祥云县, Xiángyún Xiàn) city center, serves as a cultural landmark. The temple’s entrance features a grand gate inscribed with “Wanshou Mountain,” standing tall amidst ancient trees that add to its mystique and solemnity.

Notable Events

Every Lunar New Year, the temple hosts a large incense offering event, drawing numerous pilgrims and tourists. It was classified as a cultural heritage site in Xiangyun County in 1983.

How to Get There

Wanshou Temple is accessible by road, located approximately 23 kilometers from the center of Xiangyun County. Local buses and taxis frequently operate routes to Hedian Town, where the temple can be reached by a short walk.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Visit during the Lunar New Year for the vibrant celebrations.
• Dress Code: Modest clothing is recommended to respect the sacred environment.
• Photography: Be mindful of photography restrictions within the temple grounds.
• Local Cuisine: Explore nearby villages for traditional Bai cuisine and snacks.
• Guided Tours: Consider hiring a local guide to gain deeper insights into the temple’s history and significance.

Contact Information

For further details about visiting Wanshou Temple, check local tourism websites or contact the Xiangyun County cultural heritage office.

Overview

The Hall of the Medicine Buddha (药师殿, Yàoshī Diàn) is a significant site within the Chongsheng Monastery (崇圣寺, Chóngshèng Sì) in Dali (大理, Dàlǐ). This hall features a 1.6-meter tall seated statue of the Medicine Buddha (药师佛, Yàoshī Fó), whose full Sanskrit name is “Yaoshi Liuli Guang Rulai” (药师琉璃光如来). Known also as “Medical King Shanshi” (医王善逝) or “Great Medical King Buddha” (大医王佛), he is the leader of the Eastern Pure Glass World, revered alongside Shakyamuni Buddha (释迦牟尼佛, Shìjiā Móunì Fó) and Amitabha Buddha (阿弥陀佛, Ēmíntuó Fó) as part of the “Three Buddhas of the Past” (横三世佛, Héng Sān Shì Fó). The Medicine Buddha is often depicted with the sun (日光菩萨, Rìguāng Púsà) and moon (月光菩萨, Yuèguāng Púsà) bodhisattvas, forming the “Three Saints of the East” (东方三圣, Dōngfāng Sānshèng). His vows to alleviate suffering are detailed in the “Medicine Buddha Sutra” (药师经, Yàoshī Jīng).

Historical Background

The Chongsheng Monastery was established during the Nanzhao Kingdom (南诏, Nánzhào) and is noted for its grandeur. Historical accounts vary, but it is said to have been built as a center for alliances between the Nanzhao king and Tibetan masters.

Architectural Layout

The Hall features two Medicine Buddha statues with blue crowns, long ears, and ornate robes, seated on lotus thrones. One hand displays the Dharmachakra Mudra (法界定印, Fǎjiè Dìng Yìn), while the other performs the Abhaya Mudra (施无畏手印, Shī Wúwèi Shǒuyìn), symbolizing fearlessness. The statue is surrounded by a vibrant red palette, flowers, and clouds, creating a majestic atmosphere. The hall includes a quadrilateral courtyard with three front rooms, three rear rooms, and six ear chambers, home to two ancient Yunnan camellia trees said to be planted by Yuan dynasty monk Lianfeng.

Cultural Significance

The Chongsheng Monastery has played a crucial role in the development of Buddhism in Dali, serving as a spiritual hub during the Nanzhao and Dali Kingdoms. Many emperors chose to become monks here, and significant historical events, such as the reception of sacred Buddhist relics, took place within its walls.

Preservation Efforts

In October 1994, the Chongsheng Monastery’s Three Pagodas (三塔, Sān Tǎ) were designated as a protected cultural site, leading to significant restoration projects. This included the establishment of museums, lighting enhancements, and landscaping to showcase the pagodas’ historical beauty.

How to Get There

The Chongsheng Monastery and Hall of the Medicine Buddha are located approximately 2 kilometers northwest of Dali Ancient City (大理古城, Dàlǐ Gǔchéng). Local buses and taxis provide convenient access to the site.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn for pleasant weather.
• Dress Code: Dress modestly to show respect for the sacred space.
• Photography: Be aware of photography restrictions inside the temple.
• Local Cuisine: Explore nearby food stalls to sample Dali’s local snacks.
• Guided Tours: Consider hiring a local guide for a richer understanding of the temple’s history and significance.

Contact Information

• Phone: +86 872-2666346
• Location: Chongsheng Monastery, Cangshan Yingyue Peak, 2 km northwest of Dali Ancient City, Yunnan Province, China.

Introduction

The Wenwu Temple (文庙和武庙) is located in the southern part of Zhoucheng Town (州城镇), about 12 kilometers from Binchuan County (宾川县) in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (大理白族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省). The Wenwu Temple consists of two parts: the Confucian Temple (文庙), built in the seventh year of the Ming Hongzhi era (弘治七年, 1494), and the Martial Temple (武庙), established during the early years of the Qing Kangxi era (康熙初年, 1662-1670). This site has been recognized as a key national cultural relic protection unit since May 25, 2006.

A Wen Wu temple or Wenwu temple (Chinese: 文武廟) is a temple in China venerating both the patron gods of civil and martialaffairs in the same temple complex. In southern China the civil god or Wéndì (Chinese: 文帝), is Wenchang (Chinese: 文昌) and in the north it is Confucius, in both the north and the south the martial god or Wǔdì (Chinese: 武帝) is Guan Yu (Chinese: 關帝). Although temples to either the civil or martial deities alone are widespread, it is comparatively rare to have temples venerating both. Wen Wu temples were patronised by those in the Ming and Qing dynasties seeking success in the Imperial examinations, which were divided into civil and military examinations, and by those seeking advancement in those professions which can be interpreted as falling under the aegis of either god; so for example to the present day civil servants will make offerings to the civil god and policemen to the martial god.

Area and Structure

The total area of the Wenwu Temple complex is 14,908 square meters. The Confucian Temple faces west and covers over 8,000 square meters, featuring a traditional axial layout with four courtyards. Key buildings include the wall of honor (照壁), Lingxing Gate (棂星门), Shrine of Renowned Scholars (名宦乡贤祠), Great Achievement Gate (大成门), two wings (两庑), Great Achievement Hall (大成殿), and the Chongsheng Shrine (崇圣祠), primarily constructed in the late Qing Dynasty (清朝中后期). The Martial Temple faces south and spans over 6,000 square meters, with architectural styles similar to the Confucian Temple. Its notable structures include the wall of honor, main gate, two wings, central hall, and the Wucheng Hall (武成殿), mainly dating back to the ninth year of the Qing Guangxu era (光绪九年, 1883).

Historical Background

The construction of the Great Achievement Hall (大成殿) began in 1494, with significant renovations occurring in 1541. The Martial Temple’s construction started in the early years of the Kangxi era, with multiple restorations and expansions over the years, including the addition of shrines and significant structural repairs in the 20th century.

Architectural Features

Confucian Temple

The Confucian Temple is arranged in a four-courtyard layout, with the Great Achievement Hall as the main structure along the central axis. Key buildings include:

• Lingxing Gate (棂星门): The entrance to the complex.
• Great Achievement Gate (大成门): A ceremonial gate.
• Great Achievement Hall (大成殿): A single-eaved hip-roof structure measuring 18.5 meters wide and 15 meters deep, housing tablets for Confucius and other scholars.
• Chongsheng Shrine (崇圣祠): A two-eaved pavilion behind the Great Achievement Hall.

Martial Temple

The Martial Temple, located 50 meters south of the Confucian Temple, covers over 3,000 square meters and features similar architectural styles, including:

• Wucheng Hall (武成殿): A single-eaved structure measuring 13.5 meters wide and 5.6 meters deep.
• Main Hall (中堂): A single-eaved structure 12 meters wide and 7.5 meters deep.

Cultural and Historical Value

The Wenwu Temple is one of the largest and most well-preserved ancient architectural complexes in Yunnan. It reflects the local cultural values of reverence for education and martial prowess, serving as an essential site for understanding the architectural developments and social history of Yunnan during the Ming (明) and Qing (清) dynasties.

Protection Measures

The site was designated a provincial-level key cultural relic protection unit by the Yunnan Provincial People’s Government in November 1998 and was recognized as a national key cultural relic protection unit in 2006.

How to Get There

• Public Transport: Take bus route 4 to Renmin Road Crossing Station (人民路口站) in Dali. From there, it is a short walk of about 410 meters to the temple.

Travel Tips

• Visit during weekdays to avoid crowds.
• Engage with local guides for in-depth historical insights.
• Sample local cuisine at nearby eateries.
• Bring a camera to capture the intricate architecture and serene surroundings.