Overview of Dadingge Pavilion

Dadingge Pavilion is located to the northeast of Dabaoji Palace (大宝积宫) and faces west. Originally comprising several courtyards, it now consists of a single courtyard, adorned with 17 murals covering an area of 69.96 square meters. The pavilion is distinctive for its embedded decorative stones, a unique feature of ancient architecture in Lijiang (丽江).

Key Information

• Chinese Name: 大定阁
• Location: Northeast of Dabaoji Palace (大宝积宫)
• Builder: Mu Zeng (木增)
• Construction Era: Ming Dynasty

Main Attractions

According to the “Lijiang Prefectural Gazetteer” (光绪《丽江府志》), Dadingge Pavilion was built by local chieftain Mu Zeng during the Ming Dynasty. The pavilion’s name is inscribed with the characters “大定,” showcasing vigorous calligraphy. The structure is surrounded by copper railings and embedded with decorative stones, demonstrating exquisite craftsmanship. After a collapse, it was restored in the 8th year of the Qianlong era (乾隆) and has retained its original character.

Architectural Features

Dadingge Pavilion has a single-eaved gable roof and a courtyard layout. The entrance features a gate leading to a charming courtyard, flanked by low corridors on either side. The surrounding mountains provide a stunning backdrop that complements the pavilion’s elegant design. In front of the pavilion stand elaborately carved stone pillars resembling ornamental columns.

The pavilion measures 6.86 meters in width, 5.25 meters in depth, and 5.2 meters in height. Each side contains three rooms, with partitioned sections created by decorative screens. The front serves as a corridor, the middle as a worship area, and the back as a place for Buddha statues. The lower eaves lack brackets, while the upper eaves showcase intricate carvings, including seven steps and three upward-curving brackets. The walls are adorned with decorative stones, a hallmark of Lijiang’s ancient architectural style.

Dadingge Murals (丽江大定阁壁画)

The Dadingge Murals are situated in Baisha Old Town, approximately 8 kilometers northwest of Lijiang City. This region serves as a crucial route connecting Yunnan (云南) with Sichuan (四川) and Tibet (西藏). The murals in Dadingge Pavilion are considered the most artistically valuable and extensive religious murals in Yunnan.

Constructed during the leadership of local chieftain Mu Zeng from the 26th year of the Wanli era (1598) to the 3rd year of the Tianqi era (1623), the pavilion underwent repairs during the Qianlong era (清乾隆年间). The murals were created during the same period as the pavilion, with a few later additions from the Qing Dynasty. Originally consisting of eighteen murals, only seven have survived in good condition, located on the east, south, and north walls of the main hall; the murals on the side halls have significantly deteriorated.

Artistic Features

The walls of the main hall depict various scenes, including the Happy Buddha (欢喜佛), characterized by flowing lines and concise brushwork, reflecting the typical Thangka style from the Tibetan Plateau, infused with rich folk elements. The murals in the north and south corridors portray the Water Moon Avalokiteshvara (水月观音) along with other Buddhist figures such as Manjushri (文殊), Samantabhadra (普贤), and Mahasthamaprapta (大势至), framed by serene water and cloud motifs, creating a harmonious landscape scene.

On the east wall of the main hall, the murals feature various deities from Tibetan Buddhism, including Vajrapani (胜乐金刚), Kalachakra (时轮金刚), and the Happy Vajra (喜金刚), all depicted embracing their wisdom partners. The north and south walls showcase Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Samantabhadra, and Mahasthamaprapta, each set in tranquil natural surroundings, forming exquisite individual scenes.

Notable Murals

• Avalokiteshvara: Seated gracefully at the edge of a pond, surrounded by blooming plum blossoms and peonies. The scene is illuminated by a bright moon and accompanied by celestial maidens scattering flowers.
• Other Figures: The murals display meticulous attention to detail, with figures portrayed dynamically amidst rich colors and expressions, influenced by Han Chinese artistic styles.

How to Get There

• By Bus: Local buses run frequently from Lijiang City to Baisha Old Town, taking about 20 minutes. Look for buses labeled for Baisha or nearby attractions.
• By Taxi: Taxis are readily available in Lijiang, providing direct access to Baisha Old Town in approximately 20 minutes.
• By Car: If you prefer driving, follow the main road from Lijiang to Baisha, which is well-marked and easy to navigate.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The ideal seasons are spring (April to June) and autumn (September to November) for pleasant weather and beautiful scenery.
• What to Bring: A camera to capture the stunning murals, water for hydration, comfortable walking shoes, and a guidebook for deeper insights into the art and history.
• Nearby Attractions: Explore other cultural sites in Lijiang, such as the Old Town of Lijiang (丽江古城), a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and the scenic Black Dragon Pool (黑龙潭), known for its picturesque views of the Jade Dragon Snow Mountain (玉龙雪山).
• Respectful Conduct: As this site holds cultural significance, please respect local customs, avoid loud noises, and maintain a respectful demeanor.

Overview of Dabaoji Palace (大宝积宫)

Dabaoji Palace is a historic site located in Baisha Old Town, approximately 8 kilometers north of Lijiang City. Constructed in the 10th year of the Wanli era (1582) during the Ming Dynasty (明朝), the palace features a double-eaved gable roof and is laid out in a square format. Its numerous murals, painted from the early Ming to the early Qing Dynasties, have persisted for over 300 years. The Baisha Murals (白沙壁画) represent a unique synthesis of Han (汉), Tibetan (藏), and Naxi (纳西) cultures, showcasing various religious and artistic influences, making them invaluable cultural relics.

Key Information

• Chinese Name: 大宝积宫
• Construction Year: 明万历十年 (1582)
• Dynasty: Ming (明)
• Structure Type: Square

Historical Development

Dabaoji Palace faces east and was built in the 10th year of the Wanli era (1582). The palace houses 12 murals, which are the largest and best-preserved in Lijiang. Covering a total area of 61.48 square meters, the most significant mural, titled “The Buddha Giving Teachings” (如来讲经图), measures 3.67 meters high and 4.98 meters wide. The central figure is the Buddha in red robes, seated majestically with 18 disciples depicted above him, while the Four Heavenly Kings are illustrated on either side.

These murals intricately combine figures from Buddhism, Daoism, and Lamaism, reflecting meticulous craftsmanship characterized by delicate lines and an amalgamation of traditional techniques from various ethnic groups, including Han, Tibetan, Naxi, and Bai. In 1996, the palace was designated as a national key cultural relic protection unit, making it an essential resource for the study of ethnic and art history.

Architectural Features

The architectural features of Dabaoji Palace are impressive, with thick columns and beams contributing to its grandeur. Inside the hall, there are 16 murals that span the Ming Yongle period (明永乐年间) to the late Qing Dynasty. The early murals display simplicity in style, while the later works are noted for their bold and rugged lines. The most renowned of these is the Baisha mural, “The Buddha Giving Teachings,” which depicts a variety of activities and stories from Tibetan Buddhism, Han Buddhism, and Daoism, featuring over 100 characters with intricate details and vivid colors. This mural is distinguished by its unification of multiple religious themes and the blending of diverse traditional painting techniques, making it a unique treasure.

Dabaoji Murals (丽江大宝积宫壁画)

The Dabaoji Murals are integral to the murals found in the Mushi Tufu Temple (木氏土府庙宇) in Lijiang, located on Baisha Street (白沙街). Constructed in the 2nd year of the Jiajing era (1523) during the Ming Dynasty, these murals add significant value to the overall importance of Dabaoji Palace.

Key Information

• Chinese Name: 丽江大宝积宫壁画
• Geographic Location: Baisha Street (白沙街), Lijiang
• Construction Year: 明嘉靖二年 (1523)

Mural Characteristics

The murals contain themes such as the Peacock King (孔雀明王) and ritual scenes, as well as elements from esoteric Buddhism and Daoism, demonstrating a rich artistic fusion of Han and Tibetan styles. A total of 12 murals make up this collection, rendering it the most representative and well-preserved site for murals in Lijiang.

Location

Dabaoji Palace is situated 8 kilometers north of Lijiang City on Baisha Street. The Glazed Tile Hall (琉璃殿), facing east, was built in the 15th year of the Yongle era (1417), featuring a double-eaved gable roof and a square layout. The murals inside date from the Ming Yongle period to the late Qing Dynasty, showcasing both early and later artistic styles.

How to Get There

• By Bus: Local buses run from Lijiang City to Baisha Old Town, taking approximately 20 minutes. Look for signs indicating Baisha or nearby attractions.
• By Taxi: Taxis are readily available and provide a convenient option, taking about 20 minutes to reach Baisha.
• By Car: If driving, follow the main road from Lijiang to Baisha, which is well-marked and easy to navigate.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring (April to June) and autumn (September to November) are the ideal seasons for visiting, offering mild weather and clear skies.
• What to Bring: A camera to capture the stunning murals, sufficient water for hydration, comfortable shoes for walking, and possibly a guidebook for detailed context about the murals and palace.
• Nearby Attractions: Consider visiting other cultural sites in Lijiang, such as the Old Town of Lijiang (丽江古城), a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and the picturesque Black Dragon Pool (黑龙潭), which is renowned for its scenic beauty and reflection of the Jade Dragon Snow Mountain (玉龙雪山).
• Respectful Conduct: As this site is culturally significant, please respect local customs and refrain from loud noise or inappropriate behavior.

Overview

The Golden Pagoda Temple (金塔寺) is a folk temple that was originally built during the Tang Dynasty. It has undergone numerous reconstructions during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The scenic area covers an area of 109.2 acres, with more than 40% of it designated as green space. It features several key attractions, including the statue of Master Lotus (莲花大师法像), the Guanyin Hall (观音殿), the Hall of Thousand Buddhas and Ten Thousand Lamps (千佛万灯殿), the Ashoka Pillar (阿育王柱), the Maitreya Buddha (弥勒佛), and the Great Hall of 81 Wealth Gods (合18路81尊财神坛城大殿).

Landmark: East Treasure Victorious Tower (东宝尊胜塔)

The iconic East Treasure Victorious Tower is a stupa personally authorized by the Buddha and is the only golden stupa in Chinese Tibetan Buddhism. The tranquil and beautiful tower can only be witnessed by the Bodhisattva on Earth; ordinary people cannot see it. It is said that during the years the tower was destroyed, natural disasters were frequent, and human calamities were incessant. Villagers near the old site of the tower are aware that those who destroyed it met with terrible fates, suffering from sickness and disasters in subsequent generations. Those who took the tower’s bricks home also faced misfortune. After the tower was rebuilt, rain fell all around it, yet the tower itself remained illuminated by sunshine.

The Victorious Tower stands proudly atop Snake Mountain (蛇山), bringing favorable weather, prosperous livestock, abundant harvests, cultural flourishing, and the emergence of distinguished individuals, all contributing to the well-being of the people.

Geographic Location

The Golden Pagoda Temple is strategically located about 4.5 kilometers from the ancient city of Lijiang, near Lijiang Airport, Lijiang Railway Station, the Dali Highway (Airport Expressway), and the southern bypass of Lijiang, providing convenient transportation. It is a landmark site on the tourism route connecting Lijiang, Dali, and Shangri-La.

Scenic Attractions

1. Heavenly Kings Hall (天王殿)

The Heavenly Kings Hall is dedicated to the Four Heavenly Kings: the Eastern Guardian King (东方持国天王) holding a pipa, the Southern Growth King (南方增长天王) wielding a sword, the Western Wide-Eyed King (西方广目天王) entwined in a red dragon, and the Northern Many-Listen King (北方多闻天王) holding a precious umbrella. Each represents various virtues: responsibility, wisdom, impermanence, and protection against worldly pollutants.

2. Prayer Wheel (转经筒)

The prayer wheel, also known as the “Mani Prayer Wheel” (嘛呢转经筒), is inscribed with the six-syllable mantra “Om Mani Padme Hum” (嗡嘛呢呗咪吽). Inside the wheel is a scroll containing the mantra, and spinning the wheel symbolizes reciting it a thousand times. Tibetan Buddhism teaches that the more one recites this mantra, the greater the merits and benefits gained, potentially leading to liberation from the cycle of rebirth.

3. Maitreya Buddha (弥勒佛)

Maitreya Buddha is known as the Future Buddha. His golden body symbolizes wealth and joy. A verse describes him as follows: “开口便笑，笑古笑今，凡事付之一笑； 大肚能容，容天容地，于人何所不容。”

4. Guanyin Hall (观音殿)

Guanyin Hall, representing Han Chinese Buddhism, is dedicated to the Great Compassionate Guanyin Bodhisattva. Statues of Master Xu Yun (虚云大师) and Elder Ben Huan (本焕长老) flank the hall. The interior walls are painted with various forms of Guanyin, signifying her responsiveness to the needs of sentient beings. Master Xu Yun and Elder Ben Huan significantly contributed to the deep exchange between Han and Tibetan Buddhism.

5. Hall of Thousand Buddhas and Ten Thousand Lamps (千佛万灯殿)

The Hall of Thousand Buddhas and Ten Thousand Lamps is the most characteristic structure in the scenic area, housing a thousand Buddha statues and ten thousand lamps. Buddha once said, “如染香人，身有香气.” Offering three lamps to the Buddha symbolizes dedication to the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dharma, Sangha), enhancing moral discipline, meditation, and wisdom, while eliminating greed, anger, and ignorance.

6. Master Padmasambhava (莲花生)

Master Padmasambhava is a principal figure in esoteric Buddhism. His statue, imported from Myanmar, is carved from a single block of white jade, weighing 200,000 kg and valued at over 11 million yuan. He is known for his mastery of both “spiritual techniques” and “mantras,” symbolizing great wisdom and the ability to conquer desire, anger, and ignorance.

7. White Elephant Treasure and White Stupa Forest (白象宝、白塔林)

The White Elephant Treasure, one of Tibetan Buddhism’s seven treasures, symbolizes good fortune and wealth. In ancient India, elephants were essential transport animals, representing Buddhist treasures. The White Stupa houses relics and treasures, showcasing the typical architectural structure of Tibetan Buddhism, which comprises 108 parts, symbolizing the completion of Buddhist teachings.

8. Golden Pagoda at Night (金塔夜)

Under a starry sky, the Golden Pagoda majestically stands atop Snake Mountain, illuminated by moonlight and artificial lights. From a distance, it resembles translucent glass, illuminating the entire Lijiang area and guarding the good people with blessings of peace and prosperity.

9. Ashoka Pillar (阿育王柱)

The Ashoka Pillar, made of granite and standing 13 meters tall, is valued at over 7 million yuan. It contains Buddhist scriptures inscribed on its surface, specifically the “Heart Sutra” (般若波罗密多心经), which encapsulates the essence of the Prajna teachings in just 260 words. It is said that King Ashoka, influenced by Buddhism, erected lion statues on four-sided pillars wherever Buddhism spread, known as the “Ashoka Pillars.”

10. East Treasure Victorious Tower (东宝尊胜塔)

The East Treasure Victorious Tower (Golden Pagoda) was founded based on the teachings of the Buddha Shakyamuni (释迦摩尼佛) around 2500 years ago. Initially built during the Tang Dynasty, it underwent numerous reconstructions during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In 2004, under the blessing of the 17th Karmapa, the stupa was rebuilt atop Snake Mountain, making it the fourth documented restoration. The construction required 208 kg of gold, rendering it splendid and radiant.

The first floor of the tower houses the Lotus Master’s stupa, featuring 81 Wealth Gods, embodying the cultural essence of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. The second floor enshrines the fifth Karmapa’s golden statue and numerous precious scriptures and treasures, serving to bless all sentient beings.

How to Get There

The Golden Pagoda Temple is easily accessible by various means of transportation. If you are arriving by air, the Lijiang Airport (丽江机场) is the nearest airport, located about 30 minutes away by car. The Lijiang Railway Station (丽江火车站) is also nearby, providing convenient train services. You can take the Dali Highway (大丽公路) or the southern bypass road to reach the scenic area. Local taxis and ride-sharing services are available for a hassle-free journey.

Travel Tips

1. Best Time to Visit: The ideal time to visit the Golden Pagoda Temple is during spring and autumn when the weather is pleasant, and the scenery is most beautiful.
2. Dress Code: While visiting the temple, dress modestly and respectfully, as it is a sacred site.
3. Photography: Photography is allowed in most areas, but be mindful of not disturbing others during prayers or ceremonies.
4. Cultural Etiquette: Show respect when observing rituals, and remember to remove your shoes before entering sacred spaces.
5. Local Cuisine: Don’t miss the opportunity to try local delicacies in the nearby areas of Lijiang, including Yunnan rice noodles and various ethnic dishes.

Guanyin Pavilion (观音阁) is located in Lingyuanqing Valley (灵源箐) in Yongsheng County (永胜县), approximately 3 kilometers east of the county seat of Lijiang (丽江). Named for the stone-carved image of Guanyin (观音) created by the Tang dynasty artist Wu Daotzu (吴道子), this pavilion was originally constructed during the Tang Zhenguan period (唐贞观年间). The main hall has been destroyed by wars and was rebuilt on its original site during the second year of the Qing Guangxu period (光绪二年, 1876).

The architectural style features a multi-eaved hip roof with a wooden structure, facing west towards the east. The complex comprises a mountain gate, main hall, “Heaven Pavilion” (天观), “Earth Burial” (地葬), and other smaller pavilions. Inside, there is an inscription stone commemorating the temple’s establishment and inscriptions by figures such as Zhao Fan (赵藩) on the walls. The area is surrounded by dense ancient trees and picturesque scenery.

Location and Historical Significance

• Chinese Name: 灵源箐观音阁
• Geographic Location: 3 kilometers east of Yongsheng County (永胜县城)
• Initial Construction: During the Tang Zhenguan period (唐贞观年间)

The Guanyin Pavilion, also known as Lingyuanqing Guanyin Pavilion (灵源箐观音阁), is situated at the northern foot of Hu Mountain (壶山), near the banks of the Guanping River (关坪河) in the eastern outskirts of Yongsheng County (永胜县), at coordinates 100°46′1.875″E, 26°41′39″N, with an elevation of 2,225 meters.

Size and Structure

• Building Area: Approximately 115 square meters
• Notable Landmark: Lingyuanqing (灵源箐)

The Guanyin Pavilion was once destroyed by fire during warfare but has been restored throughout various dynasties. The current structure is a result of the restoration completed in the second year of the Qing Guangxu period (光绪二年, 1876). The total height from the stone steps to the ridge of the roof is approximately 9.2 meters.

How to Get There

Transportation Options:

• By Car: From Lijiang, take the G214 national highway towards Yongsheng County. The journey is about 30 minutes.
• By Public Transport: Take a local bus from Lijiang to Yongsheng County, then hire a taxi to reach Lingyuanqing Valley (灵源箐).

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn are ideal due to pleasant weather and beautiful scenery.
• Preparation: Wear comfortable shoes as the area involves some walking and climbing.
• Local Cuisine: Try local dishes in Yongsheng County to enhance your cultural experience.
• Photography: Bring a camera to capture the stunning views and historical architecture.

Location:

Nizai Village (尼赛村) is a small Mosuo (摩梭族) natural village located by the scenic Lugu Lake (泸沽湖). Though it comprises only a few dozen households, the village is tranquil and boasts stunning views. The famous Lover’s Tree (情人树), a popular spot for visitors to take romantic photographs, is situated here. Many travelers stop by Nizai Village while touring around Lugu Lake, capturing the enchanting scenery of the Lover’s Tree. Additionally, the village serves as a boarding point for the cable car to Gemu Goddess Mountain (格姆女神山), allowing visitors to explore the mountain. Nizai Village also offers accommodations and dining options, making it a perfect place to stay overnight. Under a sky filled with stars, the Gemu Goddess peacefully rests near the village, and the Lover’s Tree quietly leans against the serene lakeside, creating a romantic atmosphere. In the early morning, the sun rises over the lake, gradually illuminating the world and immersing visitors in breathtaking beauty.

The Scenic Beauty of Nizai Village

A few Mosuo people lie on the grass, fully relaxed to embrace the Earth’s caress; several sheep and cows are loosely tethered to small wooden stakes on the meadow. As dusk descends, the lake water gently lapping against the pig trough boats (猪槽船) sets a calming ambiance. Listening to the sound of the waves brings a sense of tranquility, allowing one to fully enjoy the peaceful night. The starry sky and the vast universe silently observe the world below, deepening the sense of mystery and serenity, making the vast world seem suspended in time.

The Mosuo Marriage Tradition: Walking Marriage (走婚)

Nizai Village is one of the most primitive villages in Yunnan (云南) that still retains the tradition of “walking marriage” (走婚). When I first heard the term “walking marriage,” I didn’t quite understand it, even misinterpreting its meaning at first. However, as I delved deeper into my studies, I began to find it amusing when encountering the term again. Gradually, I pondered whether such customs still exist in modern China, or if any places still practice “walking marriage.” After some research, I discovered a place where this tradition has been preserved — the Mosuo people living around Lugu Lake (泸沽湖) in Lijiang (丽江). They have maintained the tradition of walking marriage for many years. Today, I will share with you my findings about Mosuo walking marriage culture, using Nizai Village as an example.

We all know that Yunnan is a mountainous and watery region. At the edge of Gemu Goddess Mountain (格姆女神山) and Lugu Lake, lies Nizai Village. This village is small, with a population that has never exceeded 100 over the years. It is one of the most primitive villages in Yunnan. If you wish to gain a deeper understanding of Mosuo walking marriage culture, visiting Nizai Village is an excellent choice.

Historical Background

The Mosuo (摩梭族) are a branch of the Naxi (纳西族) ethnic group, primarily residing in the northwestern part of Yunnan Province, near the Sichuan Province border by Lugu Lake. In Mosuo culture, women are regarded as the “backbone” of the family, which is why the Mosuo are often referred to as the “Kingdom of Daughters” (女儿国). Although not entirely composed of women, the proportion of women far exceeds that of men. As mentioned earlier, their marriages follow the “walking marriage” tradition.

What is walking marriage? In simple terms, it is a system where women take the lead. If a couple has a girl, the man and woman can form a family. However, if they have a boy, the man has no rights. This is contrary to the traditional patriarchal values.

Walking Marriage Culture

Walking marriage is a unique marital system that has developed in the matrilineal society of the Mosuo people. In Nizai Village, men and women rarely communicate face-to-face; they only convey their feelings during banquets and gatherings. When a man and woman are interested in each other, the man must go to the “Flower Building” (花楼). He cannot enter through the front door but must climb in through a window. During the walking marriage ceremony, some tokens are hung outside the Flower Building to prevent interference from others.

In Nizai Village, children are raised by their mothers. Couples only conduct the walking marriage ceremony if they are emotionally compatible. The famous Lover’s Tree in Nizai Village symbolizes that not just anyone can participate in walking marriage; it requires genuine affection.

Travel Recommendations for Nizai Village

To visit Nizai Village, it is advisable to start from Kunming (昆明) and make a circuit around Lugu Lake (泸沽湖), then ascend Gemu Mountain (格姆山) to reach Nizai Village. The elevation here is relatively high, so preparation is essential. The cable car is a great transport option in the mountainous area, where ordinary vehicles may struggle to navigate.

If you have the opportunity to explore Yunnan, whether it’s the beautiful Lugu Lake or Nizai Village, I hope you can experience the unique culture and charm of the Mosuo people up close.

Nizai Village Travel Guide

1. Getting to Nizai Village: Nizai Village, located about three kilometers from Lige Village (里格村), is famous for the Lover’s Tree. The scenery here, with mountains on one side and the blue lake on the other, is truly enchanting. Many tourists choose to hike to Nizai Village, which consists of only a few dozen households built facing the lake. The kindness and warmth of the local people deeply touch many visitors. On sunny days, the shadows of trees and scattered clouds are reflected on the lake’s surface, and peaceful horses graze on dry grass in the fields, creating a serene and captivating scene.
2. Arrival and Departure: You can hire a car or cycle to reach the village.
3. Best Seasons to Visit: The ideal time for tourism is from March to October. In spring, peach and pear trees bloom beautifully, with the blue lake resembling a bright mirror. In summer, the lake glistens emerald green, shrouded in mist after rainfall. In autumn, golden leaves adorn the surrounding mountains, and the calls of geese resonate in the sky, presenting a scene of “wild geese flying alongside solitary ducks, with autumn waters mirroring the endless sky.”
4. Suggested Duration: Plan to spend about 3-4 hours exploring.
5. Admission Fee: Free.

Important Notes

1. Be respectful of local customs and traditions to avoid unnecessary conflicts.
2. Bring common medications for colds, stomach issues, mosquito repellent, heat relief, and seasickness.
3. It’s advisable to travel in groups, especially at night. Solo female travelers or children should carry basic self-defense tools.
4. A camera is essential; consider bringing sunscreen and other supplies based on your specific destination.
5. Lijiang experiences a plateau monsoon climate with cooler temperatures and significant temperature variations between day and night. It’s best to check the weather forecast for Lijiang before your trip.
6. Lijiang has strong sunlight and high UV levels. When engaging in outdoor activities for extended periods, wear a sun hat and apply sunscreen to protect your skin.
7. Road conditions around Lugu Lake can be poor during the rainy season, with potential landslides. If self-driving, ensure safety by checking weather conditions before setting out.

How to Get There

To reach Nizai Village, you can travel from Lijiang (丽江) by bus or private vehicle, which typically takes around 2 to 3 hours. If you’re coming from Kunming (昆明), consider taking a flight or train to Lijiang first and then continuing your journey to Nizai Village.

Travel Tips

• Check the weather and road conditions ahead of time, especially during the rainy season.
• Be mindful of the local culture, as the Mosuo people have unique customs and practices.
• Carry sufficient cash, as not all places may accept credit cards.
• Enjoy the local cuisine and consider trying the Mosuo dishes while in the village.

Nisai Village (尼赛村), located near Lugu Lake (泸沽湖) in Lijiang, Yunnan Province, is a picturesque and culturally rich destination. Here’s an overview:

Nisai Village Overview

Location:

• Nisai Village is situated on the southern shore of Lugu Lake, which is straddling the border between Yunnan and Sichuan provinces.
• Distance: Approximately 40 kilometers (about 25 miles) from the center of Lijiang City.

Attractions:

• Lugu Lake: Known for its clear blue waters and stunning natural scenery. The lake is surrounded by mountains and is a popular spot for boating and photography.
• Moso People’s Culture: Nisai Village is home to the Moso (or Mosuo) ethnic group, who are renowned for their matrilineal society and unique cultural practices, including the “walking marriage” system.
• Traditional Architecture: The village features traditional Moso architecture, with wooden houses and scenic lake views.

Activities:

• Boating on Lugu Lake: Explore the serene waters of the lake by boat, offering beautiful views and a chance to experience local life.
• Hiking and Sightseeing: Enjoy the picturesque landscapes and hiking trails around the lake and the village.
• Cultural Experience: Visit local homes and cultural sites to learn more about the Moso people’s traditions and lifestyle.

 

Overview

Da Luoshui Village (大落水村), also known as Da Luoshui (大洛水村), is located in the Lijiang (丽江) area of Ninglang Yi Autonomous County (宁蒗彝族自治县), Yunnan Province (云南省), on the shores of Lugu Lake (泸沽湖). The village is rich in Mosuo (摩梭) cultural elements, making it a popular destination for many visitors to Lugu Lake.

• Chinese Name: 大落水村
• Geographical Location: Yunnan Province (云南省), Lijiang (丽江)
• Attraction Level: National Key Protected Village (国家重点保护村)
• Famous Attraction: Lugu Lake (泸沽湖)
• Opening Hours: Year-round: Monday to Sunday, 00:00-24:00

Development History

Da Luoshui Village is divided into two parts: Upper Luoshui (上落水) and Lower Luoshui (下落水). The area on the west side of the road, where the houses are smaller, is referred to as Upper Luoshui, while the east side, which is closer to the lake and features taller buildings, is known as Lower Luoshui.

In recent years, due to the development of tourism, several modern multi-story wooden houses have been built in the village. However, these buildings still maintain traditional wooden structures without using bricks or tiles, allowing them to remain warm in winter and cool in summer. This unique wooden architecture of the Mosuo people (摩梭人) is visually appealing, making for great photography opportunities.

Attraction Features

The village is well-equipped with various service facilities, including numerous shops. Many of these sell postcards and unique souvenirs, contributing to a charming atmosphere. Near the lakeshore, you will find many traditional pig trough boats (猪槽船) available for rent, allowing visitors to take boat rides on the lake and explore two nearby islands.

Bicycles and horses are also available for rent in the village, offering a pleasant way to cycle around the lake. Many visitors choose to stay for several days, enjoying leisurely strolls by the lakeside. It is common to see village children playing carefree along the shore, with the vibrant blue water, gently swaying pig trough boats, and distant green mountains creating a picturesque scene.

In the evenings, the local Mosuo people don traditional clothing to perform songs and dances, creating a lively atmosphere. After enjoying the ethnic performances, you can even set up a barbecue in the tents by the lakeside.

How to Get There

To reach Da Luoshui Village, you can travel to Lijiang first. From Lijiang, you can take a bus or hire a taxi to Lugu Lake. Once you arrive at the lake, local transportation options or a short walk will lead you to Da Luoshui Village. The scenic beauty and cultural richness of the village make it a worthy destination.

Travel Tips

1. Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit Da Luoshui Village is during the spring and autumn months when the weather is pleasant.
2. Respect Local Culture: Engage with the Mosuo people respectfully and take an interest in their customs and traditions.
3. Stay Longer: Consider staying several days to fully immerse yourself in the tranquility and beauty of the area.
4. Bring Essentials: Carry snacks, water, and a camera to capture the beautiful landscapes and moments.
5. Dress Comfortably: Wear comfortable clothing and shoes suitable for walking, as some paths may be uneven.

Overview

Xiao Luoshui Village (小落水村) is the last Matriarchal Mosuo (摩梭人) tribe in China, featuring only twenty-four households. It is a traditional and ancient Mosuo village located by the banks of Lugu Lake (泸沽湖). The village has not yet developed its tourism industry, allowing it to maintain its authentic culture, with few tourists visiting. Only those who travel around the lake, burdened with heavy backpacks, occasionally stop by the village for photography, chatting, and drinking by the lakeside.

On December 31, 2019, Xiao Luoshui Village was designated as one of the third batch of “Characteristic Villages of Ethnic Minorities in China” (中国少数民族特色村寨) by the National Ethnic Affairs Commission.

Location

Xiao Luoshui Village is situated on the northern shore of Lugu Lake, nestled in a valley surrounded by mountains on three sides, with a view of the lake to the south. It is the last village along the shores of Lugu Lake within Yunnan Province (云南省), with the boundary between Yunnan and Sichuan (四川) marked at the village entrance. Here, the lakeside road is distinctly divided into two parts: the gravel road leading to Yunnan and the asphalt road heading towards Sichuan.

Environment

The village’s geography creates a serene and picturesque setting, ideal for those seeking tranquility and a connection to nature. The lush surroundings and the clear waters of Lugu Lake contribute to the village’s charm, making it an inviting place for visitors who appreciate natural beauty.

Residents’ Lifestyle

Xiao Luoshui Village has very limited arable land, allowing residents to cultivate only some corn and potatoes. Each household raises livestock and engages in fishing, but due to limited land resources and geographical constraints, their living standards are barely sufficient for survival. The village homes are located about a ten-minute walk from the lakeshore. Here, the shoreline of Lugu Lake is curved, with reeds growing abundantly along the bank. Paddling out on a traditional pig trough boat (猪槽船) through the reeds is a poetic experience.

How to Get There

To reach Xiao Luoshui Village, you can travel to Lugu Lake first. The nearest major city is Lijiang (丽江), from which you can take a bus or hire a taxi to the lake. Once you arrive at Lugu Lake, you can take local transportation or walk to Xiao Luoshui Village. The picturesque surroundings and the peaceful ambiance make the journey worthwhile.

Travel Tips

1. Best Time to Visit: The ideal time to visit Xiao Luoshui Village is during spring and autumn when the weather is pleasant.
2. Respect Local Culture: Engage with the Mosuo people respectfully and learn about their customs and traditions.
3. Stay Overnight: Consider staying in the village to experience the local lifestyle and enjoy the serene beauty of Lugu Lake at different times of the day.
4. Bring Essentials: Carry snacks, water, and a camera to capture the stunning landscapes and moments.
5. Dress Comfortably: Wear comfortable shoes for walking, as some areas may require a bit of hiking or walking on uneven terrain.

Overview

Jiuding Dragon Pool (九鼎龙潭) is one of the renowned attractions in Shuhe Old Town (束河古镇), Lijiang (丽江), Yunnan Province (云南省). Nestled beneath Longquan Mountain (龙泉山), the pool is formed by a mountain spring, creating a crystal-clear basin teeming with aquatic life and vibrant plant life. The reflection of the Jade Dragon Snow Mountain (玉龙雪山) in the pool offers a poetic view, known as one of the “Eight Scenic Views of Shuhe” (束河八景) referred to as the “Reflection of the Snow Mountain.”

By the pool, there is a broken stone stele whose age is unknown. Striking it with a stone produces a crisp sound, celebrated as “The Sound of the Broken Stele” (断碑敲音), also part of the Eight Scenic Views of Shuhe.

Name and Location

• Chinese Name: 丽江束河九鼎龙潭
• English Name: Jiuding Dragon Pool of Shuhe Old Town in Lijiang
• Location: Shuhe Old Town, Lijiang, Yunnan Province, China

Highlights

• Mountain Spring: The pool is fed by mountain springs, ensuring the water remains exceptionally clear, earning it the nickname “Little Jiuzhaigou” (小九寨沟).
• Cultural Significance: The Naxi people (纳西族) regard this spring as sacred. Nearby, Longquan Temple (龙泉寺) has been built to honor the founder of cobbler handicraft.
• Natural Beauty: Surrounded by lush willows and towering cypress trees, the area is picturesque. The water is shallow but remains clear in summer and deep in winter, creating a stunning landscape.
• Historical Context: Jiuding Dragon Pool is known as the “Town of Springs” (泉镇), emphasizing the significance of water in the local culture.

Opening Hours

• Open Year-Round: Monday to Sunday, 00:00 – 24:00

Description

The Jiuding Dragon Pool lies to the west of Longquan Mountain and east of Qinglong River (青龙河), also referred to as “Longquan” (龙泉) by locals. It consists of two semi-circular stone pools, with a pavilion built between them, providing the best view of the Dragon Pool.

The water flows from the cracks in the rocks at the base of Longquan Mountain, and while the pool is not deep, its waters remain clear and pure. Local residents consider the fish swimming in the pool as sacred, often referred to as “divine fish” (神鱼). Legend has it that when people tried to catch these fish in the past, thunderstorms would gather, deterring any attempts to fish, and this belief still holds strong today.

How to Get There

To reach Jiuding Dragon Pool, visitors can walk approximately 100 meters northwest from the Shuhe Square Market (束河广场市场). Along the main street running through Shuhe Old Town, signs will guide you to this famous attraction.

Travel Tips

1. Best Time to Visit: The pool is beautiful year-round, but early morning or late afternoon visits provide the best lighting for photos.
2. Respect Local Culture: Engage respectfully with the Naxi culture and traditions, especially when visiting sacred sites.
3. Bring Essentials: Make sure to bring water and snacks, as facilities around the pool may be limited.
4. Camera Ready: Don’t forget your camera! The picturesque views of the pool and surrounding mountains are perfect for photography.
5. Explore Shuhe: Take some time to explore the rest of Shuhe Old Town, known for its charming streets and cultural heritage.

Introduction

The Tea Horse Road Museum (茶马古道博物馆), also known as Dajue Palace (大觉宫), is an essential part of the Ming Dynasty Mu family’s “Shuhe Courtyard” architectural complex. This museum is a precious ancient structure that focuses on the culture of the Tea Horse Road, local customs of Shuhe (束河), and the culture of Pu’er tea (普洱茶). It is the first museum in China dedicated to the study and exhibition of the historical culture of the Tea Horse Road and also serves as the first professional institution in Lijiang (丽江) to engage in the research, promotion, and publicity of Pu’er tea culture.

Chinese Name: 茶马古道博物馆
Category: History Museum
Opening Hours: Year-round: Monday to Sunday 09:00-18:00
Location: Zhonghe Road, Shuhe Ancient Town, Gucheng District, Lijiang (丽江市古城区束河古镇中和路)

Exhibits:

• Hall of Introduction (序厅)
• Historical Events Hall 1 (史事1厅)

Table of Contents

1. Museum Layout
2. Development History
3. Visitor Information
   • Geographic Location
   • Opening Hours
   • Admission Fees
   • Transportation

Museum Layout

The Tea Horse Road Museum is part of the Ming Dynasty Mu family’s “Shuhe Courtyard” complex and features six murals that are among the few remaining Ming Dynasty mural exemplars in Yunnan (云南), classified as provincial cultural relics. The surrounding buildings were used as classrooms for Shuhe Primary School during the Republic of China era and are now well-preserved, making them an important site for tourists to learn about the historical culture of the Tea Horse Road.

The museum comprises five exhibition areas:

• Hall of Introduction (序言厅)
• Mural Exhibition Hall (壁画展厅)
• Historical Events Hall 1 (史事一厅)
• Historical Events Hall 2 (史事二厅)
• Shuhe Living Hall (束河生活厅)
• Shuhe Cobbler Hall (束河皮匠厅)

These exhibit the rich history and culture of the area:

Hall of Introduction (序言厅)

In 641 AD (the 15th year of the Tang Dynasty’s Zhenguan era), Tibetan King Songtsen Gampo (松赞干布) successfully requested to marry Princess Wencheng (文成公主), who brought advanced production methods and tea-drinking customs to Tibet.

During the reign of Tang Emperor Xuanzong (唐玄宗), tensions between the Tang and Tibetan states led to a ban on tea entering Tibet. Consequently, the Tibetan Empire utilized the previously opened Yunnan-Tibet passage to resolve the tea crisis. This marked the entry of Yunnan tea into Tibet, later reaching India, West Asia, and Europe.

From the Song and Yuan Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Tea Horse trade expanded further due to political, military, and economic reasons, establishing the Tea Horse Road as a vital link between various ethnic groups in Southwest China and the central dynasty. By the time of the Anti-Japanese War, when the Japanese military blocked sea routes, the ancient Tea Horse Road became the only international route, facilitating the entry of significant strategic materials into the inland regions, supporting the war efforts and promoting the development of towns along the route.

Lijiang, due to its strategic location on the Yunnan-Tibet route and the existing ethnic and religious cultural relationships between the Naxi (纳西族) and Tibetan (藏族) peoples, became a crucial participant in the Tea Horse Road trade. This passage attracted numerous foreign explorers to Lijiang and the Three Parallel Rivers region, introducing its rich biodiversity and cultural diversity to the world. The Old Town of Lijiang (丽江古城), including the Shuhe residential building complex, was listed as a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site in December 1997. The Three Parallel Rivers was designated as a World Natural Heritage site in July 2003, and the Naxi Dongba ancient manuscripts were recognized as a World Memory Heritage in August 2003.

The Tea Horse Road is one of the oldest routes in mainland China, comparable to the Northern and Southern Silk Roads. Its significant role and lasting impact await further research and understanding.

Mural Exhibition Hall (壁画展厅)

The murals of Dajue Palace are an essential part of the Lijiang murals. They were painted over 300 years from the 18th year of the Hongwu era (公元1385年) of the Ming Dynasty to the 8th year of the Qianlong era (公元1743年) of the Qing Dynasty, found throughout Lijiang Old Town and in several temples, including Juexian Temple (觉显寺), Hufa Hall (护法堂), Wande Palace (万德宫), Shanshiyuan (珊碧院), Guiyitang (皈依堂), Guangbilou (光碧楼), Hantan Temple (寒潭寺), Dajue Palace (大觉宫), Dabaojijun (大宝积宫), Liuli Hall (琉璃殿), Dading Pavilion (大定阁), Fuguo Temple (福国寺), and Xuesong Temple (雪松寺), with about 200 murals remaining. Currently, only the Dabaojijun (大宝积宫), Liuli Hall (琉璃殿), Dading Pavilion (大定阁), and Dajue Palace (大觉宫) still exist, totaling 50 murals covering an area of 154.57 square meters.

It is remarkable that such a large-scale collection of murals has been preserved in a historically described “barbaric” region of the southwestern border of the motherland.

Dajue Palace is located 4 kilometers northwest of Lijiang Old Town in Shuhe Village. It contains six existing murals that originated during the Ming Dynasty under the reign of the Mu family, resembling the murals of Dabaojijun, which are believed to have been created recently or slightly later.

Historical Events Hall (史事厅)

Many significant historical events have occurred along the thousand-year-old Tea Horse Road, profoundly impacting later history. The museum introduces various historical events, including the southern expeditions of Tibet (吐蕃南征), the Battle of Tianbao (天宝之战), the entry of Yunnan tea into Tibet (滇茶进藏), the Tea Horse barter trade (茶马互市), and the Yuan Dynasty’s introduction of leather bags (元跨革囊).

Information related to the Historical Events Hall 2, Shuhe Living Hall, and Shuhe Cobbler Hall is still under development.

The museum’s building was originally part of the Mu family’s “Shuhe Courtyard,” which dates back over 400 years. The “Dajue Palace Murals” were created by renowned Jiangnan (江南) painter Ma Xiaoxian (马萧仙), known for their refined technique and preservation of Tang Dynasty painting styles. In 1998, they were classified as a provincial key protection unit.

Development History

The southern expeditions of Tibet established the “Shenchuan Dudu Office” in Lijiang, marking the origin of the Tea Horse Road. The ban on tea into Tibet by Emperor Ming of Tang prompted the entry of Yunnan tea into Tibet. The military needs of the Song Dynasty stimulated the prosperity of the Tea Horse barter trade. Therefore, from the Yuan and Ming Dynasties to modern times, the Tea Horse Road became a vital link for cultural and economic exchanges between Yunnan (云南), Tibet (西藏), and Sichuan (四川).

Originating in southern Yunnan, the route passes through Dali (大理), Lijiang (丽江), Diqing (迪庆), and Lhasa (拉萨), reaching India, traversing the culturally rich and naturally picturesque regions of “Three Parallel Rivers” and “Shangri-La.”

The Tea Horse Road Museum (茶马古道博物馆) is China’s first dedicated institution for the study and display of the historical culture of the Tea Horse Road. It comprises eight sections: Hall of Introduction (序厅), Historical Events Hall 1 (史事1厅), Historical Events Hall 2 (史事2厅), Shuhe Hall (束河厅), Cobbler Hall (皮匠厅), Tea Horse Customs Hall (茶马风情厅), Tea Art Hall (茶艺厅), and Resource Center for Influences (影响资料中心). These sections systematically introduce the origin time, routes, and significant historical events related to the Tea Horse Road, serving as an important window for understanding its history and culture.

The Tea Horse Road originated from the ancient barter trade of tea and horses in the southwestern border region, flourishing during the Tang and Song Dynasties, and reaching its peak during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, especially thriving during the later stages of World War II. The route has two branches: the Sichuan-Tibet and Yunnan-Tibet routes, connecting Sichuan (四川), Yunnan (云南), and Tibet (西藏), extending into Bhutan (不丹), Sikkim (锡金), Nepal (尼泊尔), India (印度), and eventually to West Asia and the Red Sea coast of West Africa. The Yunnan-Tibet Tea Horse Road likely formed in the late 6th century, starting from the main tea-producing areas of Yunnan, such as Simao (思茅) and Pu’er (普洱), passing through today’s Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (大理白族自治州), and crossing the Jinsha River (金沙江), Yangtze River (长江), and Lijiang River (丽江).

During the ancient times, the importance of the Tea Horse Road had already emerged, establishing its role as a trade hub between China and the world. Tea and horses served as the primary traded goods, but other commodities included textiles, herbs, grains, and silver. The impact of the Tea Horse Road is still evident today, with various tea styles and rich cultural legacies preserved in Yunnan.

Visitor Information

Geographic Location

The museum is located at Zhonghe Road, Shuhe Ancient Town, Gucheng District, Lijiang, Yunnan Province, China.

Opening Hours

• Year-round: Monday to Sunday, 09:00 AM – 06:00 PM

Admission Fees

• Adults: 30 RMB
• Children: Free
• Discounts may apply for students and seniors.

Transportation

• From Lijiang Old Town: Take a local bus to Shuhe Ancient Town (approximately 15 minutes).
• Taxi: Approximately 10-15 RMB for a taxi from Lijiang Old Town to Shuhe Ancient Town.

The Tea Horse Road Museum is a unique establishment that showcases the rich history and culture of the Tea Horse Road, providing an immersive experience for visitors interested in tea and trade history. Its strategic location, diverse exhibits, and engaging presentation make it an essential stop for tourists exploring the Lijiang area.

Introduction

The 18 Bends of Li-Ning Road is a perilous section on the journey from Lijiang (丽江) to Luguhu Lake (泸沽湖). Within a mere 20 kilometers of the Jinsha River Gorge (金沙江峡谷), the elevation difference exceeds 1,000 meters, resulting in the renowned 18-bend wonder. The landscape of Yunnan Province (云南省) is diverse, characterized by numerous mountains, rivers, and valleys. The road leading from Lijiang (丽江) to Luguhu Lake (泸沽湖) closely follows the Jinsha River Gorge, where the winding mountain roads of the plateau offer both danger and breathtaking views.

Chinese Name: 丽宁十八弯
Geographical Location: 991 Provincial Road (991省道), Lijiang City (丽江)
Opening Hours: Open all year round: Monday to Sunday, 00:00-24:00

Scenic Overview

The 18 Bends Viewing Platform

The most challenging section of the G348 National Road (国道348) from Luguhu Lake (泸沽湖) to Lijiang (丽江) is the 18 Bends of Li-Ning, situated within the Jinsha River Gorge. This winding stretch, totaling approximately 20 kilometers, has an elevation drop of over 1,000 meters. The altitude at the 18 Bends is about 3,000 meters. This area is not only an exceptional spot for observing natural beauty but also served as a filming location for Zhang Yimou’s (张艺谋) movie “Riding Alone for Thousands of Miles” (千里走单骑).

Upon entering Lijiang (丽江), visitors can reach the Jinsha River 18 Bends Viewing Platform (金沙江十八弯观景台). From this vantage point, one can gaze down upon the Jinsha River (金沙江), nestled between two towering mountains, where the emerald waters of the river flow like a colossal dragon. The river’s water typically appears green, a result of the dissolved minerals and the surrounding natural environment. In sunlight, this green hue appears particularly clear and transparent, reflecting the blue sky, white clouds, and surrounding peaks, creating a raw and natural beauty.

The images captured from the viewing platform depict this stunning scenery: the first emphasizes the green of the Jinsha River among the mountains, while the second clearly shows the winding path above the two mountains.

Main Attractions

1. Jinsha River Gorge (金沙江峡谷)
2. Luguhu Lake (泸沽湖)
3. Jinsha River 18 Bends Viewing Platform (金沙江十八弯观景台)

How to Get There

To reach the 18 Bends of Li-Ning Road, travelers can start their journey from Lijiang (丽江) by taking a private car or a tour bus along National Road 348 (国道348). The journey will take approximately 2.5 to 3 hours, depending on traffic conditions. Alternatively, you can arrange a local guided tour that includes transportation and insights into the area’s natural beauty and cultural significance.

Travel Tips

1. Safety First: While the roads can be winding and steep, exercise caution while driving, especially in inclement weather.
2. Scenic Stops: Plan to make stops at the viewing platform to fully appreciate the stunning vistas and take photographs.
3. Time Your Visit: Consider visiting early in the morning or late afternoon to enjoy softer lighting for photography and fewer crowds.
4. Pack Essentials: Bring water, snacks, and sunscreen, as amenities may be limited along the route.
5. Respect Nature: Follow local guidelines to preserve the natural beauty of the area and avoid littering.
6. Check Weather Conditions: Be aware of weather changes, as mountain weather can be unpredictable; dress in layers and prepare for varying conditions.

Overview

Liwu Bi Temple (里务比寺), belonging to the Yellow Hat sect (黄教) of Tibetan Buddhism, was established in 1634 AD. This temple is a significant religious site where various Buddha statues and ritual implements are donated voluntarily by local worshippers.

Inside the temple, you can find statues of Shakyamuni Buddha (释迦牟尼), Guanyin (观音), the Thousand-Handed and Thousand-Eyed Buddha (千手千眼佛), the founder of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism, Tsongkhapa (宗喀巴), and his two disciples, along with various protective deities. Notably, the statue of the living Buddha Rosang Yishi (罗桑益世活佛) was created at the initiative of Akge Gezi (阿克格西), a high-ranking Gelug monk in Luoshui Village (落水村).

Name and Location

• Chinese Name: 里务比寺
• English Name: Inner Temple than Temple
• Location: Ninglang Yi Autonomous County (宁蒗彝族自治县), Yunnan Province (云南省)

Climate Conditions

Liwu Bi Temple is situated in a monsoon climate region.

Opening Hours

• Summer: May 1 – September 30: Monday to Sunday, 09:00 – 17:00
• Winter: October 1 – April 30: Monday to Sunday, 10:00 – 17:00

Ticket Price

Free admission

Nearby Attractions

• Lugu Lake (泸沽湖)

Temple Introduction

In the early 1960s, Liwu Bi Temple was destroyed for being a product of feudal superstition. However, in 1989, under the advocacy of Living Buddha Rosang Yishi, the government funded its reconstruction, which was carried out by the local community and implemented by the County Tourism Bureau. The temple was completed in December 1999.

On the main gate, there is an inscription in Tibetan written by Living Buddha Rosang and translated into Chinese by the famous calligrapher Shang Wen (尚文). The inscription reads “Yuchi Qionglou” (玉池琼楼). On every Tibetan holiday or Buddhist festival, large religious activities are held here, especially the grand fasting and abstinence ceremony that begins on the second day of the sixth lunar month. Many devotees from lakeside villages and places like Yongning (永宁), Labo (拉伯), Sichuan (四川), Qiansuo (前所), and Zuosuo (左所) voluntarily participate, often reaching over a hundred participants.

During the ceremony, devotees may perform thousands or even millions of prostrations and engage in fasting and silence as part of their spiritual practice to accumulate merit. Many elderly participants continue this practice yearly until they can no longer do so physically. By partaking in such austerity practices, they pray to avoid being reborn as beings that cannot speak and lack food during the cycle of life and death.

Historically, though Liwu Bi Temple was small, its reputation was significant. It was said to manifest signs whenever disasters struck nearby villages. Incidents such as Buddha statues losing their hats or stepping down from their platforms have occurred here, which drew many visitors to the newly rebuilt temple, leading to a resurgence of worship and incense offerings. Moreover, high monks frequently practice and serve the Buddha here, offering divinations and astrological readings to locals, providing comfort to many wounded souls. As the saying goes, “A temple does not need to be large; its power lies in its spirit.”

Address

• Location: Ninglang Yi Autonomous County (宁蒗彝族自治县), Yunnan Province (云南省), China

How to Get There

Liwu Bi Temple is accessible by local transportation options available in Ninglang County. Visitors can take a taxi or local bus services to reach the temple area. Once in Ninglang, it is advisable to ask locals for the best routes to the temple.

Travel Tips

1. Respect Local Customs: Dress modestly and observe the local customs when visiting the temple.
2. Plan for Weather: Check the weather forecast, as Yunnan experiences diverse climatic conditions.
3. Participate in Activities: If visiting during a festival, consider participating in local activities for an immersive cultural experience.
4. Bring Offerings: It’s customary to bring offerings when visiting Buddhist temples; simple items like flowers or incense are appreciated.
5. Stay Hydrated: Carry water with you, especially if you plan to explore the surrounding areas of the temple.

Overview

Sifang Tingyin Square (四方听音广场) is located in the southern part of Shuhe Old Town (束河古镇), Lijiang (丽江), Yunnan Province (云南省). The name “Sifang Tingyin” is prominently displayed on the gatehouse. The term “Sifang” is a pun, referring to both “Sifang Street” (四方街) and its literal meaning of “four directions,” symbolizing inclusivity and openness to all.

The square is vibrant and lively in the evenings, hosting bonfire parties, while daytime performances feature singing and dancing, making it a central hub for local entertainment and activities.

Sifang Tingyin serves as the core area of the tea-horse trade station in Shuhe Old Town, named after the traditional “Sifang Street.” It is the cultural center of the town, hosting major annual events such as the Snow Mountain Music Festival (雪山音乐节), Tea Horse Culture Festival (茶马文化节), Torch Festival (火把节), and various artistic performances. The ethnic song and dance performances and bonfire parties at Sifang Tingyin Square have become a beautiful highlight of Lijiang tourism.

Scenic Features

The ancient town is sheltered by green mountains and connected by a great river, benefiting from abundant sunlight and plentiful water resources. The town’s architectural style reflects a harmonious integration with water, featuring homes built along rivers, water flowing through walls, and streams leading into courtyards. This design showcases the Naxi people’s (纳西族) traditional method of utilizing mountains, water, spaces, and paths to shape urban layouts, earning it the reputation of the “Hometown of Clear Springs” (清泉之乡).

Today, Shuhe Old Town boasts weeping willows by every household and riverside views, with ancient streets, grey tiles, and blue stones. Inn and tea houses are nestled in the alleys near the water. Visitors meander through the old town, seeking tranquility away from the noise and material desires of modern life.

Shuhe’s history is a testament to cultural accumulation and heritage. The development of Shuhe can be regarded as a story of ethnic integration, where diverse communities rely on each other and coexist harmoniously.

Estimated Time for Visit

1-3 hours

Transportation

• Bus: Take bus No. 5 to Shuhe Office (束河办事处), then walk 500 meters to the square. The ancient town is also walkable within its confines.

Ticket Information

The entry to Sifang Tingyin Square is included in the 50 yuan entrance fee for Shuhe Old Town.

Opening Hours

Open all day (January 1 – December 31, Monday – Sunday)

Tips:

• This information is for reference; please confirm actual opening hours before visiting.

Location

Sifang Tingyin Square is situated at Tengyun Road (腾云路), Shuhe Ancient Town (束河古镇), Lijiang (丽江), Yunnan Province (云南省), China.

How to Get There

To reach Sifang Tingyin Square, you can take a bus to the Shuhe Office stop and then walk for about 500 meters. Alternatively, taxis can also drop you off near the square.

Travel Tips

1. Plan Your Visit: Consider visiting in the evening to enjoy the bonfire parties and cultural performances.
2. Local Cuisine: Sample local delicacies available in the nearby tea houses and restaurants.
3. Cultural Engagement: Participate in any scheduled festivals or events for a deeper cultural experience.
4. Photography: Bring your camera to capture the picturesque scenery and vibrant performances.
5. Stay Hydrated: Given the outdoor activities, remember to drink plenty of water during your visit.