Chinese Name: 麻栗坡县八布乡
English Name: Babu Town in Malipo County, Wenshan

Overview:

Babu Town is located in the eastern part of Malipo County, Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. It borders Yangwan Town and Vietnam’s An Minh County to the east and southeast, Xiakingchang Town to the southwest, Pingzhai Town in Xichou County to the west, and Liuhe Town to the north. The town government is 53 km from Malipo County. It covers an area of 176 square kilometers and had a registered population of 23,066 as of the end of 2019.

Administrative Division: As of June 2020, Babu Town consists of 1 community and 8 administrative villages:

• Community: Bagong Community
• Villages: Babu Village, Huangtian Village, Nading Village, Longlong Village, Yangpizhai Village, Dongyou Village, Jiangdong Village, and Heping Village.

Geography:

• Elevation: The terrain is high in the west and lower in the east, characterized by mountainous and valley regions. Key mountains include Tulao Village’s back mountain, Miao Miao Mountain, Long Gunkou Mountain, Nalong’s back mountain, Daban Mountain, Baiyanzi, and Tiger Slope. The highest point is 1,591 meters above sea level, while the lowest is 480 meters, with a relative elevation difference of 111 meters.

Climate:

• Average Temperature: 21°C annually.
• January: Average 12°C, extreme low 7°C (January 25, 2008).
• July: Average 28°C, extreme high 43°C (June 28, 2013).
• Annual Temperature Range: 5°C.
• Daily Temperature Range: Up to 16°C.
• Rainfall: Average 1,313 mm annually, with 83 rainy days on average. Rainfall is concentrated from June to August, with July being the wettest month.

Hydrology:

• Major rivers include Babu River, Nanqing River, Namma River, Dongyou River, and Jiangdong River. The rivers vary in length and width, with Babu River being the longest at 22.5 km.

Natural Resources:

• Minerals: Includes manganese and iron ore. Manganese reserves are 2.5 million tons, with the Nading mine having an area of 5 square km and an annual output of 150,000 tons.

Historical and Cultural Aspects:

• Name Origin: Named “Babu” due to its narrow streets where one could cross the river in eight steps. The name was derived from the local term “Babu.”
• Festivals: Includes Huashan Festival, Red Rice Festival, and Flower Street Festival. The Miao people celebrate the Flower Mountain Festival with singing and dancing. The Zhuang people observe traditional festivals such as the “Wind and Flow Street” and “Flower Rice Festival,” as well as “Longduan,” a 700-year-old festival commemorating the Zhuang hero Nong Zhigao.

Chinese Name: 文山国家级自然保护区
English Name: Wenshan National Nature Reserve

Overview

Wenshan National Nature Reserve is located in Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, within the southeastern part of Yunnan. It lies near the Tropic of Cancer. The reserve covers a total area of 344,406 hectares, including a core area of 10,304.62 hectares, a buffer zone of 7,793.48 hectares, and an experimental area of 8,768.90 hectares. It is classified as a forest ecosystem reserve aimed at preserving various species of Magnoliaceae plants, such as Michelia macclurei, and their ecological environments, including monsoon evergreen broadleaf forests and montane moss evergreen broadleaf forests.

Historical Development

• 1958: Establishment of two state-owned forest farms in Laojunshan, Wenshan County, and Pingzhai, Xichou County, approved by Yunnan Provincial Forestry Department.
• 1980: The Wenshan Revolutionary Committee approved the merger to create a provincial-level nature reserve.
• 1986: Establishment of Xiaoqiaogou Provincial Nature Reserve.
• 1997: Establishment of Laojunshan Provincial Nature Reserve.
• 2000: Expansion and merger to form the “Yunnan Wenshan Nature Reserve.”
• 2003: Merger of the Xiaoqiaogou and Laojunshan reserves, upgraded to a national nature reserve with State Council approval. Administrative jurisdiction belongs to Xichou County and Wenshan County.
• 2023: Listed as an important habitat for terrestrial wild animals in the first batch of the “Important Terrestrial Wildlife Habitat Directory” published by the National Forestry and Grassland Administration.

Geographical Environment

• Location: The reserve is situated in the southeastern Yunnan, straddling Wenshan and Xichou Counties, near the Tropic of Cancer. Geographic coordinates are 103°53′E to 104°10′E, 104°41′E to 104°52′E, and 23°16′N to 23°25′N, 23°21′N to 23°24′N.
• Soil: The main soil types are yellow soil and yellow-brown soil, with a pH of 6 to 6.5, and a thickness ranging from 60 to 120 cm. The majority of slopes are north-facing (shady slopes) with gradients between 15 to 25 degrees.
• Terrain: The Laojunshan area is situated on the southwestern side of Liuzhao Mountain, characterized by medium-mountain landforms. The area has experienced extensive geological activity, including sedimentation and tectonic movements. The highest peak is Buzhu Mountain, at 2,991.2 meters, while the lowest point is the Nan’guo River in Yaodian, at 1,500 meters, with a relative elevation difference of about 1,500 meters.
• Topography: The reserve features a range of landforms, including medium-mountain terrain, karst erosion hills, faulted karst basins, and various karst micro-landforms. Most of the area is medium-mountain terrain, with karst erosion hills in the east, south, and around Xiaoqiaogou. The canyon topography is mainly around the granite massifs of Buzhu Mountain, with wide karst valleys in the eastern region and near Xiaoqiaogou.

Climate Characteristics

• General Climate: Located on a low-latitude plateau in southeastern Yunnan, the reserve experiences a South Asian subtropical monsoon climate with varying climatic conditions based on elevation, including Central Asian subtropical, Northern subtropical, South Asian subtropical, and temperate climates.
• Laojunshan Area: Situated south of the Tropic of Cancer, it has a subtropical monsoon climate with distinct vertical climatic features due to geographical position, terrain, and altitude. The annual average temperature is 14.5°C. There is a significant temperature difference between the upper and lower parts of the mountain, and rainfall varies accordingly. The average annual precipitation is about 1,022.2 mm, with 1,000 to 1,400 mm in the lower parts and over 1,400 mm in the upper parts. The upper mountain receives more rainfall and mist, with high humidity supporting dense forest growth.
• Xiaoqiaogou Area: Exhibits a South Asian subtropical monsoon climate, influenced by the southeast Pacific monsoon. Annual rainfall averages 1,200 mm, with 80% falling between May and October, and a dry season from March to May. Frost-free periods are long, with frequent dense fog from December to February, maintaining high relative humidity above 80%, which supports the growth of evergreen broadleaf forests.

Area and Boundaries

Wenshan National Nature Reserve is located in Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, with geographic coordinates 103°53′E to 104°10′E, 104°41′E to 104°52′E, and 23°16′N to 23°25′N, 23°21′N to 23°24′N. The total area is 344,406 hectares, with a core area of 10,304.62 hectares, a buffer zone of 7,793.48 hectares, and an experimental area of 8,768.90 hectares.

Conservation Targets

Wenshan National Nature Reserve is a forest ecosystem reserve focused on protecting species of Magnoliaceae plants, such as Michelia macclurei, and their habitats, including monsoon evergreen broadleaf forests and montane moss evergreen broadleaf forests.

• Plants: The reserve is home to 187 families, 946 genera, and 3,085 species of wild seed plants, with tropical components being dominant. There are also 45 families, 100 genera, and 262 species of ferns. The reserve features 139 large fungi species, 7 unknown species, and 30 micro-fungi species.
• Animals: The reserve’s diverse animal species include 31 orders, 103 families, and 459 species of wild vertebrates, such as 86 species of mammals, 221 species of birds, 92 species of amphibians and reptiles, and 60 species of fish. Notably, the bird species diversity is particularly rich compared to nearby nature reserves.

Ecological and Scientific Value

The complex and stable geological conditions of Wenshan National Nature Reserve make it a critical refuge for many plant species and a significant part of the ancient and unique centers of Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi. It houses numerous ancient species, such as Michelia macclurei, and is a crucial area for plant evolution, with a high density of vascular plants. The reserve is also a center for Magnoliaceae plants, requiring high forest habitat quality and humidity. It contains numerous type specimens of new plant species, adding to its scientific importance.

Location:

• Chinese Name: 富宁县天湖壮景生态旅游区
• English Name: Tianhu Lake Scenic Area in Funing County, Wenshan
• Location Details: Situated at the boundary of Guichao Town and Banlun Township, 35 kilometers from Funing County. The area is 5 kilometers from the Gaobang-Napo provincial highway and about an hour’s drive from major roads.

Overview:
The Tianhu Lake Scenic Area features the Jia Street Reservoir, a small (Type II) reservoir originally built in 1958 and later upgraded by the county government in 2012. The reservoir, now with a total capacity of 449,000 cubic meters, is located at an altitude of 1200 meters and covers 500 acres. Surrounded by forests with over 80% canopy coverage, the area has developed several hundred acres of scenic forest wetlands.

Key Features:

• Water Forest:
  The wetlands upstream of the reservoir are home to water willows, resembling forests found in the Amazon River. In spring, the wetlands are adorned with a vibrant array of wildflowers, creating a colorful and picturesque scene.
• Refreshing Climate:
  Positioned in a low-heat river valley, Funing generally experiences hot weather. However, the Tianhu Lake area, at a highland altitude, enjoys a mild climate with minimal seasonal temperature changes, ample rainfall, and distinct wet and dry seasons. The average annual temperature is around 17°C with 80% humidity, providing a comfortable climate ideal for summer retreats.
• Autumn Foliage:
  In autumn, the maple trees around the lake turn vibrant red and yellow, reflecting beautifully on the lake’s surface. This creates a stunning visual effect, reminiscent of the imagery in Tang Dynasty poet Du Mu’s verse.
• Recreational Appeal:
  The area’s pleasant climate, scenic wetlands, and convenient transportation make it a popular destination for relaxation and vacation.

Development Plans:

• Partnership:
  In 2012, Funing County Government partnered with Yunnan Jiayun Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. to develop the Tianhu Lake Scenic Area.
• Master Plan:
  By 2013, the “Tianhu Lake Scenic Area Master Plan” was completed and approved. The plan encompasses 43 square kilometers across two administrative villages and 15 village groups, with a total investment of approximately 309 million yuan. This includes near-term investment of about 156 million yuan and mid-term investment of approximately 153 million yuan.
• Tourism Zones:
  The area is organized into a central loop connecting five scenic spots:
  • Tianhu Water Forest Scenic Area
  • Nali Grand Canyon
  • Tianhu Rural Scenic Area
  • Pomo Shuanglong Creek
  • Baibao Mountain Grassland
• Focus:
  Development will prioritize eco-tourism, outdoor leisure, and cultural experiences, with additional attractions for summer vacations, mountain ecology studies, agricultural tourism, and conference tourism. The goal is to create a destination with stunning forest and water landscapes, prominent eco-tourism themes, and comprehensive vacation facilities.

Chinese Name: 文山市西华公园
English Name: Xihua Park in Wenshan City

Overview: Xihua Park, also known as Sanyuan Cave, is located on Xihua Mountain, 3 kilometers west of Kaihua Town in Wenshan City. The park offers scenic views and a range of historical and natural attractions.

Attractions:

• Historical Background: The park was initiated during the Tongzhi era of the Qing Dynasty by a monk named Pan and later developed with the participation of skilled craftsmen. By the Guangxu period, pavilions and terraces were constructed, adding stone steps, pavilions, and exotic flowers and trees. It was named “Sanyuan Cave” to symbolize the “Three Yuan” in the imperial examination system.
• Scenery: The area is characterized by its steep terrain and majestic views. The cave is spacious and well-ventilated, surrounded by pavilions and terraces with intricate carvings and vibrant colors. From the cave’s entrance, visitors can enjoy panoramic views of the surrounding mountains and the fertile Wenshan basin. Xihua Mountain features limestone formations with 36 peaks, rugged cliffs, and picturesque scenery. The main peak has three large caves, giving it the name “Three-Eye Cave.”

Transportation:

• By Car: Xihua Park is approximately 2 kilometers from the city center of Wenshan. It takes about 30 minutes by car. Both chartered cars and self-driving options are available.
• Public Transport: Bus Route 5 serves the area, and taxis are available with a starting fare of 5 yuan. Bus fares vary between 0.5 yuan and 1 yuan, depending on the distance.

Food:

• Local Delicacies: Wenshan offers a variety of local snacks such as pepper-salt cakes, fire cakes, warm rice noodles, fried dough cakes, twisted dough cakes, and red bean cakes. These can be found in local restaurants. Additionally, Zhuang wine from Pingba Township is a local specialty, often served to guests in Zhuang households or small local shops.
• Specialty: Wenshan is known for its production of Sanqi (also called Tianqi), a type of ginseng that is used in traditional medicine for its various health benefits. The roots, stems, flowers, and leaves of Sanqi are used in both raw and cooked forms. A traditional dish, “Sanqi Steamed Chicken,” is renowned for its nourishing properties.

Cultural Events:

• Panwang Festival: Held during the winter months, this festival is celebrated by the Yao people. The timing and activities of the festival can vary, but it typically includes slaughtering animals for a feast, hosting family and friends, and extending greetings. The festival usually lasts for 3 to 7 days.

Chinese Name: 富宁县驮娘江景区
English Name: Tuoniangjiang River in Funing County, Wenshan

Overview:

The Tuoniangjiang River Scenic Area is a national AA-level tourist attraction located in Funing County, Wenshan. It combines the picturesque rural landscapes of the Zhuang ethnic region, subtropical rainforest climate, and unique lava valley topography into a natural reserve.

Attractions:

1. Bai’ai Seven Vinegar: Bai’ai Seven Vinegar is a rare intangible cultural heritage of Yunnan, with a brewing technique that dates back 300 years. This traditional product is made from glutinous rice through liquid fermentation. The vinegar has a rich taste and pure aroma.
2. Funing Low-Altitude Sports Training Base: This is the only high-altitude, low-altitude sports training base in Yunnan. Located in the Xiangsi Island area of Bai’sai Town, upstream of the Baise Water Conservancy Hub, the base covers 7,000 square meters at an altitude of 230 meters. It features natural scenery along the Zhening River, tropical seasonal rainforests, reservoir islands, riverside beaches, and nearby villages, integrating local natural landscapes and ecological culture.
3. Bo’ai Wharf: Bo’ai Wharf, located on the south bank of the Right Jiang River in Bai’ai Town, was built during the Daoguang period. The wharf is 44.4 meters long with 77 steps divided into eight sections. It is traditionally known as the “Ladder of Love,” where Zhuang ethnic men and women climb the steps to the riverside banyan tree on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month for a traditional swimming ritual, which signifies their commitment to marriage.
4. Bai’ai Ancient Town: Bai’ai Ancient Town is at the confluence of the Tuoniangjiang, Nama River, and Puting River, marking the starting point of the Right Jiang River. Historically, it was a vital trade route for southwestern China, connecting to Guangxi and coastal regions. Bai’ai has long been known as the “Eastern Gateway of Yunnan” and a major trade hub.
5. Yue Dong Guild Hall: Originally known as the Lingnan Guild Hall, it was renovated during the Ming Jiajing and Qing Kangxi periods (1894). The Yue Dong Guild Hall features a Lingnan-style four-courtyard, two-entry structure with a mixture of architectural styles. The building is encircled by high walls.
6. Yue Xi Guild Hall: Yue Xi Guild Hall, built in the Qianlong era and renovated during the Jiaqing and Guangxu periods, remains partially preserved with two doors. It features brick and timber construction with a hard mountain roof, though it is significantly damaged.
7. Jiangxi Guild Hall: The Jiangxi Guild Hall covers 72.04 square meters and shares similarities with the Yue Xi Guild Hall in architectural style. It is a county-level cultural relic protection unit.
8. Guanyin Temple: The Guanyin Temple consists of a mountain gate and a main hall. The mountain gate is oriented northeast with brick columns and a tiled roof, while the main hall has three bays and three deep sections, each with brick walls and archways. The temple, dedicated to the Guanyin deity, is elevated and accessed by steps, built in the Qing Dynasty and renovated during the Republic of China.
9. Poya Village: Poya Village is a traditional Zhuang village located along the Tuoniangjiang River, with 62 households and 278 residents. The village maintains its ancient customs and lifestyles, including traditional agricultural practices and rituals. The name “Poya” means “a place of blooming mountain flowers” in the Zhuang language. The village features traditional stilt-style houses and offers visitors a chance to experience Zhuang culture, including weaving, spinning, and local songs.

Administrative Division: The Tuoniangjiang Scenic Area is located in Funing County, southeastern Yunnan, bordering Guangxi. It is divided into three areas: Tuoniangjiang, Guichao, and Niwang Mountain, with 35 attractions and a total area of 130 square kilometers. The area is known for its picturesque, unique, and tranquil landscapes, including dense cave formations and numerous historical sites. It features rich ethnic culture and a favorable climate. The scenic area is classified as a national 2A-level scenic spot and a provincial-level famous scenic spot.

Features:

• Photography
• Hiking
• Canyon views
• Folk customs tours
• Ethnic minority villages
• River and canyon landscapes

Travel Tips:

• Funing County to Bai’ai Town is approximately 74.8 kilometers.
• To reach Funing County, you can fly, take a train, or travel by bus to Kunming. From there, take a bus to Funing County and rent a car to reach the destination.

English Name: Junlonghu Lake in Wenshan City
Chinese Name: 文山市君龙湖水利风景区

Description:

Junlonghu Lake, located in Mudi Village, Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, was originally known as Mudi River Reservoir. The name change came from a local legend. The Wenshan Basin is surrounded by nine dragon pools, and these nine dragons converged in Wenshan, benefiting all living things. However, due to their independent nature, they often clashed, leading to frequent floods in the Wenshan Basin throughout history. At the end of the last century, the Wenshan municipal government decided to build the Mudi River Reservoir. Completed in 2006, the reservoir captured the water from the dragon pools and upstream sources, forming a lake that resembles a giant dragon from the sky. This not only subdued the dragon pools but also transformed the once unruly dragons into refined and calm ones, solving the flooding issues and ensuring a stable water supply for the Wenshan Basin. As a result, the lake was named Junlonghu, meaning “Lake of the Dragon King.”

The area around Junlonghu Lake is characterized by its simple folk customs, fertile land, high mountains, and intricate canyons. It was formed in this natural ecological setting and follows the path of the Mudi River. From the deep valleys and meandering river, the lake emerges from the ancient depths of Laojun Mountain, stretching towards the misty distance. The local population includes Han, Zhuang, Miao, and Yi ethnic groups. The expansive lake enhances the tranquility of the villages reflected in the mountain and water scenery. At night, the moonlight casts a bright, silvery glow over the lake, and the dark mountains, accompanied by the sound of water birds, create a mysterious and uplifting atmosphere.

Tourist Attractions:

1. Junlong Gorge: A picturesque gorge with stunning views.
2. Mandarin Duck Beach: A scenic spot known for its serene beauty.
3. Mingqin Pool: An attractive pool area.
4. Yuwang Cliff: A dramatic cliff with panoramic views.
5. Dragon King Cave: A cave with interesting formations.
6. Dragon Saliva Mouth: A unique geological feature.
7. Cloud Ferry: A scenic area resembling clouds.
8. Divine Turtle Playing in Water: A spot named after its resemblance to a turtle.
9. Swan Drinking Water: A place known for the presence of swans.

In the midst of Junlonghu Lake, you can observe these scenic spots that guard the surrounding mountains and shores. Each location offers unique beauty and charm, waiting to be explored. On the lake’s edge, sights like the Reclining Lion Watch, Sky Dog Moon Gazing, and more await discovery.

Characteristics of the Scenic Area:

• Photography, hiking, canyon views, folk customs, ethnic villages, river views, and gorges.

Travel Tips:

• The distance from Wenshan City to Mudi Town is approximately 74.8 kilometers.
• To reach Junlonghu Lake, travel to Kunming City (by plane, train, or bus), then take a bus to Wenshan City and rent a car to your destination.

Awards:

• On September 28, 2012, Junlonghu Lake was selected as the “12th National Water Conservancy Scenic Area.”

Additional Information:

• Location: Northwestern Wenshan City in southeastern Yunnan.
• Original Name: Mudi River Reservoir.
• Function: Primarily for irrigation and flood control, with additional benefits for town water supply, downstream power generation, and ecological improvement.
• Volume: Nearly 60 million cubic meters.
• Surface Area: Over 2 square kilometers.
• Perimeter: Over 20 kilometers.
• Dam Height: 67 meters.
• Features: The lake’s construction includes 500 steps of stone steps, symbolizing the process of building the lake.

Junlonghu Lake, surrounded by high mountains and intersected by deep canyons, emerges from this natural ecosystem and follows the winding path of the Mudi River. The lake’s curves and numerous bays offer a refreshing experience with a distinct ecological and moist atmosphere. The lake, with its tranquil water and scenic views, provides a perfect escape from the bustling world, rejuvenating one’s spirit and offering a serene retreat.

Overview of The Festival

• Chinese Name: 马龙村苗族华山节
• English Name: Huashan Festival of Miao Ethnic Minority in Mimalong Village of Anning City, Kunming
• Location:安宁市禄脿街道密马龙行政村/Mimalong Village of Anning City.

The Huashan Festival is a significant cultural celebration held by the Miao ethnic minority. The Miao people are one of China’s 56 officially recognized ethnic groups, known for their rich traditions, vibrant clothing, and harmonious relationship with nature. The festival is an important occasion for the Miao community to honor their cultural heritage and express gratitude for the blessings of the land.

Origin

The origins of the Huashan Festival are deeply rooted in the agricultural practices and spiritual beliefs of the Miao people. It is traditionally celebrated in spring, coinciding with the planting season, when the fields are being prepared for sowing. The festival is a time for the Miao to pray for a bountiful harvest and to celebrate the beauty of nature, as well as to pay homage to their ancestors. The festival’s name, “Huashan,” translates to “Flower Mountain,” symbolizing the flourishing of flowers and the onset of spring, which is significant to the agrarian lifestyle of the Miao.

Local Activities

1. Traditional Clothing: Participants wear colorful, traditional Miao attire, which is often intricately embroidered and adorned with silver jewelry. The clothing represents the individual’s family background and social status.
2. Cultural Performances: The festival features various performances, including traditional Miao dances, songs, and musical ensembles. These performances often tell stories from Miao folklore and express deep cultural values.
3. Competitions and Games: Festivities include a range of traditional competitions such as archery, horse racing, and tug-of-war. These games encourage friendly rivalry and community participation.
4. Culinary Delights: Local delicacies are prepared and shared among community members. Traditional Miao foods, such as rice, meat dishes, and locally sourced vegetables, are served during communal meals, fostering a sense of unity.
5. Rituals and Ceremonies: Spiritual ceremonies are performed to honor ancestors and seek blessings. These rituals may include offerings, prayers, and the burning of incense.
6. Flower Exhibitions: Given the festival’s connection to spring and blooming flowers, displays of various local flowers are a highlight, celebrating the beauty of the natural environment.

Chinese Name: 楚雄市紫溪镇白草花苗族村
English Name: Baicaohua Miao Ethnic Village of Zixi Town in Chuxiong City, Chuxiong Prefecture
Huashan Festival of Miao Ethnic Minority in Chuxiong City is held in Baicaohua Miao Ethnic Village of Zixi Town.

Location and Overview:
Baicaohua Village is located within the Lingshui Village Committee of Zixi Town, Chuxiong City, Chuxiong Prefecture, Yunnan Province. It is situated in a semi-mountainous area, west of Zixi Town. The village is 6 kilometers from the Lingshui Village Committee and 17 kilometers from Zixi Town. It lies at the foothills of Zixi Mountain, which is a national forest park and provincial nature reserve. The village has 21 households.

Cultural and Ethnic Significance:
Baicaohua is a typical Miao ethnic village, renowned for its rich ethnic customs and culture. In 2016, it was designated as a provincial model village for ethnic unity. This designation led Zixi Town to seize the opportunity for development by enhancing publicity, coordination, safety quality supervision, and responsibility implementation. The town established a timetable and quickly commenced the development work.

Geographical Context:
Baicaohua Miao Ethnic Village is located on the western outskirts of Chuxiong’s capital city. The town government office in Dashi Pu is 10 kilometers from the city government location. The village is situated within the Zixi Mountain national forest park and provincial scenic area. It is intersected by National Highway 320, Anning-Chuxiong Expressway, Guangtong-Dali Railway, and the Zixi Mountain Tourism Circular Road. The village borders Lucheng Town to the east, Donghua Town to the south, Donggua Town and Lühe Town to the north, and connects with Yulu Township of Nanhua County to the west. Baicaohua, belonging to the Lingshui Village Committee of Zixi Town, is a typical Miao village with 21 households and 84 people, all of whom are Miao. The village is 2 kilometers from the north gate of Zixi Mountain Scenic Area, surrounded by mountains and rivers, with excellent water conservancy conditions. This makes it an ideal location for leisure, vacation, and sightseeing. The village has developed rural tourism by growing walnuts, cherries, and winter peaches, and the agritainment industry is thriving.

Zixi Town Rural Tourism Festival and Miao Flower Mountain Festival:
The annual Zixi Town Rural Tourism Festival and Miao Flower Mountain Festival are held in Baicaohua Miao Ethnic Village. On June 22, 2023, the festival’s activities took place in Zixi Yi Village and Baicaohua Miao Ethnic Village. The festival featured ethnic song and dance performances and traditional activities.

The “Flower Mountain Festival” begins with a welcoming wine ceremony. Miao girls, dressed in festive attire, line up at the village entrance to offer wine to visitors, showcasing Miao hospitality.

A significant ritual of the Miao “Flower Mountain Festival” is the traditional “Flower Pole” ceremony. Respected Miao elders perform ceremonial acts and offer rice wine under the colorful flower pole. Miao people surround the pole, playing the lusheng (a traditional reed instrument) and performing a blessing dance. Miao resident Tao Faming stated, “Today is the Flower Mountain Festival. Through erecting the flower pole, we pray for favorable weather, good health for all ethnic groups, and bountiful harvests for our crops and fruit trees.”

The opening ceremony of the Zixi Town 2023 Rural Tourism Festival and Miao Flower Mountain Festival featured vibrant cultural performances. Traditional Miao songs and dances highlighted the deep affection of the Miao people and their positive, energetic spirit, promoting ethnic unity. Visitor Ding Na commented, “Today’s event is very good; the singing is beautiful, and the dances are particularly attractive.”

Following the opening ceremony, activities such as electronic music parties, water parks, fishing, and “chicken” battles were held, creating a lively festival atmosphere.

Visitor Feng Ying remarked, “This event allowed me to experience the warmth of the Miao and Yi people. From the welcoming wine ceremony to the lively Miao girls and the large water pool, the activities were diverse. I am very happy and delighted to have such an event this summer.”

The “Flower Mountain Festival” is the most grand and solemn festival for the Miao people. It showcases their diligence, kindness, hospitality, and serves as a vital platform for expressing unity and gratitude towards the nation. It has become a unique showcase of ethnic charm in Zixi Town, promoting ethnic unity, enhancing the town’s reputation and attractiveness, and driving rural tourism and revitalization.

Overview of The Festival

• Chinese Name: 楚雄市紫溪镇白草花苗族村苗族花山节
• English Name: Huashan Festival of Miao Ethnic Minority in Chuxiong City, Chuxiong Prefecture
• Location:楚雄市紫溪镇白草花苗族村 Baicaohua Miao Ethnic Village of Zixi Town, Chuxiong City
• Festival Dates: From the 2nd to the 6th day of the first lunar month

The Huashan Festival, also known as “Tiaochang,” “Tiaohua,” “Shuahuasang,” and “Caihuashan,” is a festival that honors the ancient Miao ancestor, Chiyou. It typically takes place between the first and fifteenth days of the first lunar month. The main activities include climbing a flower pole, singing duets, jumping the lusheng (a type of musical instrument), practicing martial arts, and holding horse racing and bullfighting contests.

Historical Origin

The Miao ancestors’ tribe was invaded by foreign tribes. Under the leadership of their chief, Chiyou, the Miao people rose up to resist but were ultimately defeated due to being outnumbered and were forced to scatter. To gather his people, Miao chief Chiyou erected a flower pole on the mountain and instructed a musician to play the lusheng (a type of wind instrument). Upon hearing the familiar sound of the lusheng, the Miao people gathered from all directions beneath the flower pole and began their new life. Since then, the Miao people have held the “Huashan Festival” every year to commemorate their chief, Chiyou, and to celebrate the reconstruction of their new lives.

Background and Origin of The Festival

Huashan Festival, known as “A Yi Ao” in the Miao language, is held on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month each year. According to legend, the Miao people in Chuxiong, Yunnan, lived in a place called “ZhimiLi” during ancient times. The ancestors of the Miao people, such as the elder of the sun and the elder of the Ge Man, led their tribes to build cities. However, the people of the “Shanda Jue Di Ao” tribe came to seize their land, and both sides engaged in battle since the Chicken Year, Chicken Month, and Chicken Day, fighting for an unknown number of years. As the “Shanda Jue Di Ao” tribe grew in numbers, the city was besieged by their troops, leading to a blockade of water and food, and it seemed they would soon be breached.

In a moment of desperation, the Miao people devised a clever plan. They informed the enemy that it was their ancestral worship year, suggesting that they would not fight until after the rituals. Meanwhile, they vigorously prepared to break through and escape. Within the city, they erected two wooden poles; on one, they tied a large sheep, and on the other, a large goat. They placed a trough of food between them, and each animal had a copper drum placed in front of it. The animals, eager to grab the food, stomped and created a loud “dong dong” sound on the drums, causing the besieging enemies to think the people inside were preparing for battle and they nervously craned their necks to look.

The Miao people in the city were led by two leaders: one to organize the breakout and the other to protect the elderly and children during the escape. The sound of battle cries and the chaotic drumming confused the besieging enemies, leaving them unsure of how many Miao fighters were inside. Just as they were in panic, the breakout party cut through a path and escaped the siege, fleeing to safety.

The Miao people who escaped from their homeland deeply missed the cities and homes they had built, as well as the relatives who had died or been separated. They embroidered the rivers, fields, and city walls from their homeland onto their clothing. Additionally, they tied six small copper bells to the back of their outfits, resembling armor; whenever they moved, the bells rang continuously, serving as a reminder of their homeland and loved ones.

The Miao people chose the fifth day of the fifth lunar month to ascend the mountains together to look out over the land, slaughtering pigs and goats to honor the spirits of the deceased. This time of year coincides with the flourishing growth of all living things, with mountains and fields vibrant with wildflowers. The Miao people, inspired by the beautiful scenery, called it the “Huashan Festival,” which has continued to this day.

During the Huashan Festival in Chuxiong, Yunnan, Miao people from all directions don their meticulously crafted traditional attire to gather at the assembly grounds, playing the lusheng (a traditional reed instrument) and dancing the joyful lusheng dance. Men, women, and children pair off to compete in singing contests. Additionally, various sporting events beloved by the Miao people for centuries are held, including wearing flower clothes, bullfighting, horse racing, shooting, crossbow competitions, mountain climbing, basketball, tug-of-war, and the exchange of goods and materials.

Local Activities

1. Traditional Dress Parade:
   Participants dress in beautifully crafted traditional Miao clothing. The attire, often adorned with intricate embroidery and accessories, reflects the cultural heritage and identity of the Miao people. A parade showcases these stunning outfits, celebrating both individuality and community.
2. Lusheng Dance and Music:
   The lusheng, a traditional reed instrument, is played throughout the festival, setting a lively atmosphere. Miao people perform traditional dances, often accompanied by lusheng music, creating a joyful and festive environment. The lusheng dance, characterized by vibrant movements, allows both young and old to participate and celebrate together.
3. Singing Contests:
   Singing competitions are an integral part of the festival, where individuals or teams engage in traditional folk singing. This competition not only highlights the participants’ vocal talents but also serves as a way to express emotions, stories, and cultural narratives through music.
4. Sports Competitions:
   Various sporting events take place during the festival, including:
   • Bullfighting: A traditional activity that brings excitement to the festival, showcasing strength and skill.
   • Horse Racing: Competitors race on horseback, reflecting the swift agility of both horses and riders.
   • Shooting and Crossbow Competitions: These competitions demonstrate marksmanship and are a nod to the historical hunting practices of the Miao.
   • Basketball and Tug-of-War: Modern sports are included to engage a wider range of participants and encourage camaraderie among community members.
5. Food Festivals:
   The festival features a variety of traditional Miao foods, including rice, meats, and local dishes. Visitors and participants can enjoy communal dining experiences, fostering a sense of community.
6. Cultural Performances:
   Folk performances, including traditional dances, story-telling, and theatrical displays, are held to educate and entertain attendees about the Miao people’s history and culture.
7. Honoring Ancestors:
   A solemn part of the festival includes rituals to honor ancestors, often involving offerings and prayers. This reflects the Miao people’s deep respect for their heritage and the importance of family and community ties.
8. Crafts and Market Exchange:
   Local artisans display and sell handmade crafts, textiles, and traditional goods. This market becomes a hub for cultural exchange and economic interaction within the community.
9. Mountain Climbing and Nature Activities:
   Given the festival’s connection to nature, some participants engage in mountain climbing or other outdoor activities, celebrating the beauty of the landscape and the changing seasons.

镇雄县以古彝族苗族乡Yigu Yi and Miao Ethnic Town in Zhenxiong County, Zhaotong 

This tour is one of the most classic tours in Yunnan. It will take you to the best of Yunnan covering all the highlights in Xishuangbanna, Kunming, Dali, Lijiang and Shangri-La which will give you a better view of Yunnan. Experience a very different side of China, well away from the factories and big cities.

Highlights

• Appreciate the fabulous natural sceneries, including the world natural heritage-the Stone Forest, Tiger Leaping Gorge and Pudacuo National Park.
• Meet diverse Yunnan ethnic cultures of Yi, Dai, Bai, Tibetan and Naxi.
• Explore the profoud history of Yunnan in ancient towns;
• Have a summer experience in Xishuangbanna.

Breif Itinerary

• Day 1 Arrive in Jinghong
• Day 2 Jinghong
• Day 3 Jinghong
• Day 4 Jinghong-Shangrila by Flight
• Day 5 Shangrila
• Day 6 Shangrila-Lijiang
• Day 7 Lijiang
• Day 8 Lijiang-Dali
• Day 9 Dali
• Day 10 Dali-Kunming
• Day 11 Departure from Kunming

Google Map

Detailed Itinerary

Day 1 Arrive in Jinghong

Sightseeing and Activities: 
Accommodation: Jinghong
Meals: Breakfast

You’ll begin your journey from Jinghong. Upon arrival at the Jinghong airport, meet your local guide and transfer to the hotel.

Day 2 Jinghong

Sightseeing and Activities: Wild Elephant Valley, Dafosi Temple
Accommodation: Jinghong
Meals: Breakfast

Drive to Jinghong. Full day excursion to Wild Elephant Valley and visit Dafosi Temple on the way back to Jinghong City.

–Wild Elephants Valley is the place in Xishuangbanna where wild elephants move about most often and frequently. Convenient in traffic, distinctive in equatorial forest landscape and easy to see wild elephants, it has become the popular tourist site in Xishuang Banna.

Day 3 Jinghong-Mengla

Sightseeing and Activities: Menglun Botanical Garden, Dai Minority Garden, Jinuo minority village
Accommodation: Mengla
Meals: Breakfast

Drive to Mengla, visit Menglun Botanical Garden and Dai Minority Garden on the way, visit the Jinuo minority village as well.

—-Located in Menglun town of Menglai county around 80km away from Jinghong city, Menglun tropical botanical garden is the largest tropical botanical garden in China. It was established in 1959 by Chinese famous botanists including Prof. Cai Xitao, who devoted all his life to related scientific research with remarkable achievements. The garden boasts more than 4000 species of tropical plants covering an area of 900 hectares, quite a few of which are rare elsewhere, forming a colorful botanical landscape.
 
–The Dai Ethnic Garden, located in the Ganlan Basin in Menghan County, proudly holds a national 4A rating as one of China’s top scenic spots.  Within the Dai Ethnic Garden, five Dai villages – Manjiang, Manchunman, Manting, ManZha, and Manga – cover an area of 3.36 square kilometers and consist of 309 families, or 1487 individual villagers. Rainforest surrounds and permeates the villages. The well-proportioned bamboo-constructed houses of the Dai people are dotted here and there, hidden in the coconut palms, Areca Catechu palms, mango trees, Litchi trees, Bombay Blackwood, and pomelo trees. 

Day 4 Mengla-Jinghong-Shangri-la

Sightseeing and Activities: Dukezong Ancient Town, Guishan Hill
Accommodation: Shangrila
Meals: Breakfast

Drive back to Jinghong. Take flight to Shangri-la in the afternoon. 

Meet your local guide in Shangir-la. Walk around Dukezong Ancient Town, an important town of the Ancient Tea-horse Trade Caravan from Yunnan to Tibet and India. Walk up to the top of Guishan Hill or tortoise Hill, you will see the largest Prayer Wheel of the world and have a panoramic view of shangrila county and Dukezong Ancient Town. 

Check in hotel.

Day 5 Shangri-la

Sightseeing and Activities: Songzanlin Monastery, Tibetan village, Shudu Lake, Pudacuo National Park
Accommodation: Shangrila
Meals: Breakfast

In the morning, visit the Ganden Sumtseling Monastery, the largest Tibetan monastery in Yunnan. Songzanlin Monastery has another alias – ‘the little Potala Palace ‘, so named because the whole monastery is in the traditional style with mysterious atmosphere.

Then drive to visit a Tibetan Village and a local family. 

And afterwards you’ll visit the tranquil Shudu Lake in Pudacuo National Park. Pudacuo National Park is located in one of the most biologically-diverse regions of the world. While the region comprises only 0.7 percent of China’s land area, but more than 20 percent of the country’s plant species, about one-third of its mammal and bird species and almost 100 endangered species. 

Day 6 Shangri-la–Tiger Leaping Gorge-Lijiang

Sightseeing and Activities: Tiger Leaping Gorge, Iron Chain Bridge, the Red Army’s Long March Memorial Monument
Accommodation: Lijiang
Meals: Breakfast,Lunch

From Shangri-la, drive to Qiaotou Town. Visit the Tiger Leaping Gorge, the deepest gorge in the world. With 34 rapids of the Yangtze River, it is called the Jinsha River in this area because you can find gold in the river.

Then drive to Shigu Town.  Visit the Iron Chain Bridge, the Red Army’s Long March Memorial Monument in the Shigu town. The town of Stone Drum got its name from a large, cylindrical, marble tablet shaped like a drum. The scenery is magnificent as the road running through the Lijiang valley which is filled with wheat fields and drying haystacks.

Drive to Lijiang. On the way,  you’ll have a stop to see the First Bend on the Yangtze River with imposing gorge scenery.

Day 7 Lijiang

Sightseeing and Activities:Yulong Snow Mountain, Ganhaizi Meadow, Baishui River and Terraces, Baisha Old Town and Murals
Accommodation: Lijiang
Meals: Breakfast and Lunch

Recommended Hotels

Service Included:

• Admission fees for all of the sightseeing spots listed in the itinerary;
• Meals as listed in the itinerary;
• Hotels as listed in the itinerary;
• Private English-speaking tour guide;
• Private vehicle for transfers & sightseeing with skilled driver;
• Service charge & government taxes;
• Luggage transfers between airports and hotels;
• High speed train tickets from Dali to Kunming (2nd class seats);
• Air tickets from Jinghong to Shangri-la(economy-class).

Service Excluded:

• Any arrival and departure international airfares or train tickets;
• Chinese visa fees;
• Excess baggage charged by Airlines;
• Single room supplement;
• Tips to guides and drivers;
• Personal expenses and gratuities to service staff;
• Personal travel accident insurance;
• All optional programs.

Show you around one of the three largest and most mysterious ancient town in China “Lushi old town” to experience the ancient tea horse road routes, taste the specialty foods, admire the plateau lakes “Xiaowan” and all stone-made village“Tangfang village”, as well as the traditional village “Gumo village”, visit the last primitive tribe of China “Wengding primitive tribe” and one of the oldest rock paintings “Cangyuan rock painting” ever discovered in China.

Highlights:

• Discover the ancient villages and Wa ethnic culture.
• Appreciate the charming landscape of Lincang.
• Explore and learn the rock painting of Cangyuan.

Brief Itinerary：

• Day 1 Lincang-Fengqing
• Day 2 Fengqing
• Day 3 Fengqing-Yunxian
• Day 4 Yunxian-Gengma-Cangyuan
• Day 5 Cangyuan
• Day 6 Cangyuan Departure

Google Map

Detailed Itinerary

Day 1 Lincang-Fengqing

Sightseeing and Activities: Taste the delicacies of Yunnan
Accommodation: Fengqing
Meals: Lunch

You will head to Lincang by plane or by train, and then go to the hotel in Fengqing county to check in. Then free activity. You can taste the delicacies of Yunnan: the characteristics of stinky tofu, a bowl of delicious rice noodle, all kinds of fresh fruit juice, all dazzling Yunnan snacks and hundreds of varieties for your choice, at the same time feel the ethnic flavor!

Day 2 Fengqing

Sightseeing and Activities: Lushi Ancient Town, Tangfang Village
Accommodation: Fengqing
Meals: Breakfast, Lunch

After breakfast, set off for Fengqing for Lushi ancient town, passing through the long lake and crossing the bridge in Mang street, you can taste the special river fish, also take the yacht to admire the scenery of lake and the mountain, and enjoy the plateau lake “xiaowan”; then visit Lushi ancient town to experience the route of the ancient tea horse road and taste the authentic farmhouse food! Visit the village of Tangfang in the afternoon.

Day 3 Fengqing-Yunxian

Sightseeing and Activities: Gumo Village, Yunxian County
Accommodation: Yunxian
Meals: Breakfast, Lunch

Start from hotel to “Gumo village” in the morning, belonging to Shili township, Fengqing county, Lincang city, yunnan province, which won the prize of “China traditional village“, “China summer town in 2013 ”as its better preserved ancient mill group, clear and exquisite lover river, unique stone houses, ecological and livable environment and rich folk customs.

From Gumo village to Yunxian county in the afternoon, you can enjoy the most authentic native chicken rice noodle, which looks unassuming and senses not so good especially for its micro black color and lustre of chicken, but aroma overflowing , the thick and fresh sweet soup, the tender meat, neither greasy nor dry, delicious and exquisite, smooth and fragrant, leads people to endless aftertastes .

Day 4 Yunxian-Gengma-Cangyuan

Sightseeing and Activities: Experience Tea Processing, Cangyuan Rock Paintings, Thousand-meter Picturesque Gallery
Accommodation: Cangyuan
Meals: Breakfast, Lunch

From Yunxian county to Cangyuan (about 4 hours) in the morning, through Gengma county and Mengyong county, you can go to Gengma to make tea and experience the life of farmers. Arrive at Cangyuan in the afternoon to visit ancient rock painting of Wa ethnic people and Chinese painting corridor in kilometers, appreciate the beauty of the mountain and the Wa! The unique ancient rock paintings, including weddings, hunting, sacrifice and other varieties of life in content, are drawn by ore powder and animal blood, preserved through three thousand years of wind and rain, which have high artistic and historical value.

Day 5 Cangyuan

Sightseeing and Activities: Guangyunmian Temple, Wengding Village
Accommodation: Cangyuan
Meals: Breakfast, Lunch

After breakfast, go to Guangyun Buddhist Temple. Visit Wengding village in the afternoon and experience the life of primitive tribe.

Guangyun Buddhist Temple located in the north of Mengdong street in Cangyuan county , commonly known as “School Myanmar Temple”, was built in the Qing dynasty. As a Buddhist building of Theravada Buddhism, it is one of the temples with most influence to Theravada Buddhism in southwest of Yunnan province. The style of Temple architecture, mainly influenced by the Han, which retains the form of Theravada Buddhism’s temple , is the organic combination of architectural appearance of Han’s and interior decoration of Dai’s , unique in style of architecture arts . The wood carving in the Guangyun Buddhist Temple, besides the two dragons in front of the door, all the doors and windows are engraved patterns with extremely fine craftsmanship .The interior wall of the hall is painted with 10 mural paintings. The murals are mostly ink-lined and refilled with color, whose style and technique are similar to those of the mainland in Ming and Qing dynasties. Most of the buildings in the painting are multiple eave hiped-roof, which belongs to the architecture style of Han, while the characters are officials, women, soldiers and attendants, etc., different clothing to different ethnic groups. Among them, the warrior wears a crown and a jacket with narrowed horseshoe-shaped cuffs , which is the typical clothing of Qing dynasty .

Guangyun Buddhist Temple, also known as “School Myanmar Temple”, is located in Mengdong town, Cangyuan Wa autonomous county in Yunnan province. Namely the buddhist temple, built in the early years of Qingdaoguang, now only exists in the great hall and the second door. The wood structure style in the hall is triple eave hiped-roof, with six golden pillars juxtaposed inside and painted patterns decorated on the beams .The walls inside the temple are painted with murals, mostly painted with ink outlines and then refilling. The style techniques are similar to those of the mainland in Ming and Qing dynasties.

In the Wa’s language, Wengding is the meaning of “misty villages”.It has been known that this is a relatively primitive Wa’s village. After the founding of new China, it has completed the transition from primitive society to socialist society. The primitive worship has made this place still full of mystery. Before 1957, with the custom of “headhunters to worship” for the sake of good harvest of grain, every Wa village will capture a grown man from other villages before sowing, then sacrifice his head to the Harvest God. Today the pile for sacrificing heads strewn at random can also be seen in the village.

Recommended Hotels

Service Included:

• Admission fees for all of the sightseeing spots listed in the itinerary;
• Meals as listed in the itinerary;
• Hotels as listed in the itinerary;
• Private English-speaking tour guide;
• Private vehicle for transfers & sightseeing with skilled driver;
• Service charge & government taxes;
• Luggage transfers between airports and hotels;
• Domestic train tickets of soft sleeper.

Service Excluded:

• Any arrival and departure international airfares or train tickets;
• Chinese visa fees;
• Excess baggage charged by Airlines;
• Single room supplement;
• Tips to guides and drivers;
• Personal expenses and gratuities to service staff;
• Personal travel accident insurance;
• All optional programs.

Travel Tips:

• Visitors are advised to always carry changes of clothing due to the large variations in temperature between day and night.
• The climate is relatively dry, so drink more water every day.
• Protecting oneself from strong UV radiation at high altitude.
• Protecting oneself from altitude sickness. Lessen the effects of altitude sickness, avoid strenuous exercise and have plenty of rest. 
• Respect local customs , habits, and religious beliefs.

Yunnan Travel Guide

Things To Do

• Yunnan Overview
• Yunnan Attractions
• Yunnan Tours
• Yunnan Shopping
• Yunnan Culture
• Festivals and Activities

Travel Information

• Yunnan Travel Tips
• Yunnan Climate
• Yunnan Transportation
• Yunnan Maps
• Yunnan Photos
• Yunnan Dining
• Yunnan Accommodation
• Yunnan Education
• Yunnan Travel News
• Administrative Divisions

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2018 年

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Chinese Name: 文山市西华公园 English Name: Xihua Park in Wenshan City Overview: Xihua Park, also known as Sanyuan Cave, is located on Xihua Mountain, 3 kilometers west of Kaihua Town...

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Chinese Name: 富宁县驮娘江景区 English Name: Tuoniangjiang River in Funing County, Wenshan Overview: The Tuoniangjiang River Scenic Area is a national AA-level tourist attraction located in Funing County, Wenshan. It...

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