Overview

The Songhuaba Dam Nature Reserve (松花坝自然保护区) is located in the northeastern part of Kunming (昆明), within the counties (districts) of Songming (嵩明) and Guandu (官渡) in Yunnan Province (云南省). The geographical coordinates are between 102°45′ to 102°59′ East and 25°08′ to 25°27′ North, covering a total area of 62,980 hectares. The reserve serves as a vital ecological zone, contributing significantly to the local environment and biodiversity.

Geographic Environment

The Songhuaba Dam Nature Reserve is situated in the northeastern area of Kunming, specifically in Songming and Guandu. The reserve encompasses a total area of 62,980 hectares. The Songhuaba Reservoir has a dam height of 47 meters and a total storage capacity of 6.8 million cubic meters. The annual regional runoff is approximately 210 million cubic meters in normal years. This area is recognized as the source of the Panlong River (盘龙江) and is part of the watershed for Dianchi Lake (滇池). The water source from Songhuaba is crucial for both agricultural and industrial production in Kunming, as well as for the daily lives of its residents. The reserve was established in 1981 as a provincial-level nature reserve.

Historical Background

The governance of Dianchi Lake saw significant contributions from Ertai (鄂尔泰), who served as the administrative head of Yunnan and Guizhou during the Yongzheng era of the Qing Dynasty (清朝). Between the seventh and tenth years of Yongzheng (1729–1732), the water system of Dianchi Lake underwent comprehensive management efforts. These included dredging six rivers that flow into Dianchi and constructing flood control gates. Huang Shijie (黄士杰), an official in charge of water conservancy, also authored “A Discussion of the Six Rivers in Yunnan Province” (《云南省六河图说》), summarizing the experiences and lessons learned from the management of the Dianchi water system.

The water conservancy project at Songhuaba has seen development throughout the Yuan (元), Ming (明), and Qing (清) dynasties, with multiple stages of construction of water diversion tunnels and irrigation systems along the banks of the Panlong and Jinzi Rivers (金汁河). The Songhuaba canal system connects with other river systems, such as Yinji (银汁), Baoxiang (宝象), Maliiao (马料), and Haiyuan (海源), collectively forming the water conservancy project system in the Dianchi region, referred to as the Six Rivers of Kunming (昆明六河水利).

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the floodgates were repaired and expanded, increasing the irrigated area significantly.

Location:

Zhenqingguan Taoist Temple (真庆观古建筑群) is located at the intersection of the southern section of White Pagoda Road (白塔路) and Tuodong Road (拓东路) in the center of Kunming (昆明市), Yunnan Province (云南省). Originally named Zhenwu Temple (真武祠), it was built during the Yuan Dynasty (元代) and dedicated to Zhenwu the Great (真武大帝) and the two generals, the Turtle and the Snake (龟蛇二将). In the Ming Dynasty (明代), disciples of Liu Yuanran (刘渊然), specifically Jiang Rihe (蒋日和), oversaw the reconstruction and expansion. In the first year of Hongxi (洪熙元年, 1425), it was officially named Zhenqingguan by Emperor Ren of the Ming Dynasty (明仁宗). Historically, the temple occupied an area of 40,000 square meters; however, due to urban development, its area has been reduced to 16,000 square meters.

The Zhenqingguan complex consists of several key structures, including Zhenqingguan itself (which encompasses the Front Hall (前殿), Ziwei Hall (紫薇殿), and Laojun Hall (老君殿)), as well as Du Lei Palace (都雷府) and Yanlong Shrine (盐隆祠). It is the largest ancient architectural complex in the central area of Kunming, preserving the architectural styles of the Ming and Qing dynasties (明、清) with remarkable completeness. The historical and artistic values of the Zhenqingguan complex are significant for the study of ancient architecture, art, religion, and cultural exchanges between Yunnan and the Central Plains.

On May 25, 2006, the Zhenqingguan complex was designated as a national key cultural relic protection unit by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China.

Historical Development

Zhenqingguan was established during the Yuan Dynasty and originally named Zhenwu Temple, dedicated to Zhenwu the Great and the two generals, the Turtle and the Snake. In the Ming Dynasty, Daoist priest Liu Yuanran (刘渊然), also known as Changchun Zhenren (长春真人), reformed and expanded the temple with Jiang Rihe at the helm. In 1425, it was named Zhenqingguan by order of Emperor Ren of the Ming Dynasty. During the Qing Dynasty, Du Lei Palace was added, dedicated to the God of Thunder. In 1881, local salt merchants funded the construction of Yanlong Shrine as a guild for salt traders. Historically, the site spanned 40,000 square meters but now covers 16,000 square meters.

In 1984, the Kunming city and Panlong District governments allocated funds to restore the main building, Ziwei Hall, to its Ming architectural style. Just before the 1999 Kunming International Horticultural Exposition, the government provided additional funds to renovate Ziwei Hall.

Architectural Layout

The Zhenqingguan complex comprises Zhenqingguan (including the Front Hall, Ziwei Hall, and Laojun Hall), Du Lei Palace, and Yanlong Shrine, making it the most extensive ancient architectural site in Kunming’s central area, preserving the official architectural styles from the Ming and Qing dynasties.

The main structure of Zhenqingguan faces south and is aligned on the same axis. The entrance features a mountain gate (山门) measuring 12 meters wide, with soaring eaves that exhibit ancient elegance. Inside, two large red-painted doors lead to the Front Hall courtyard, filled with flowers and trees. Corridors on both sides connect the Front Hall to Ziwei Hall. The grand Ziwei Hall occupies an area of 320 square meters, constructed with a wooden frame and a single-eaved roof. The hall is topped with yellow glazed tiles and features decorative ridge beasts. The interior boasts robust, widely spaced dougong brackets, and the ceiling showcases intricate wooden carvings. The doors are adorned with detailed carvings depicting auspicious symbols such as dragons and phoenixes, and scenes of longevity.

In addition to the Front Hall, Ziwei Hall, and Laojun Hall, the complex also includes Yanlong Shrine, Du Lei Palace, the Fire God Temple (火神庙), the Earth God Temple (土主庙), and an ancient opera stage (古戏台).

Main Structures

Zhenqingguan

The central ceiling of Ziwei Hall features a nine-palace, eight-trigram design, and the unique dougong brackets are a rarity in all of Yunnan. The restored hall is vividly painted in its original colors, and the glazed tiles have been restored to their former glory. The hall, a wooden structure, has a single-eaved roof, topped with a decorative pinnacle, with ridge beasts embellishing the sides. The interior features decorative brackets, with colorful designs, while the doors bear intricately carved auspicious motifs.

The ancient opera stage at Zhenqingguan, built around the Ming-Qing transitional period, is more spacious and grand than those in rural areas. The roof is designed with a four-pitched, five-ridge structure, presenting a dignified and exquisite atmosphere. This stage has hosted various performances, including Yunnan opera, lantern shows, and Dongjing music concerts.

Du Lei Palace

Located to the east of Ziwei Hall, Du Lei Palace features an entrance with a single signboard. The corners are elegantly curved, supported by dougong brackets, and the front board reads “Du Lei Palace,” with the back reading “Wangu Shenfeng.” Inside, there is a pavilion named “Qingfeng Pavilion,” with flying eaves and intricate carvings, while behind it lies the “Thunder God Chamber.” The chamber has three openings, faces west, and is surrounded by a stone railing. A historic well, known as the Bagua Well (八卦井), is located nearby, providing sweet water.

Yanlong Shrine

To the north of Du Lei Palace lies Yanlong Shrine, established in 1881 by Yunnan salt merchants. The shrine is composed of a stage, a central hall, and a main hall. The main hall has a high, steep roof with three openings and a deep hall, featuring a corridor with carvings depicting the Twenty-Four Filial Exemplars. The intricate stone carvings are vividly lifelike.

Cultural and Historical Significance

The Zhenqingguan complex encompasses buildings from the early, mid, and late periods of the Ming and Qing dynasties, serving as a physical testament to the history of architectural development in Yunnan, as well as the evolution of religious culture and the arts. Its preservation and research value is high. The architectural features of the complex, with exquisitely detailed components and well-preserved decorative paintings, illustrate the local artistic style and craftsmanship.

The nine-palace, eight-trigram design of the ceiling in Ziwei Hall is unique to Yunnan and is also rare nationwide. Both Du Lei Palace and Yanlong Shrine exhibit unique characteristics, with stone and wood carvings showcasing exquisite craftsmanship. The Zhenqingguan complex holds significant historical and artistic value in the study of ancient architecture, art, religion, and cultural exchanges between Yunnan and the Central Plains.

Protection Measures

Cultural Heritage Protection

In 1983, the Zhenqingguan complex was designated a Kunming municipal cultural heritage protection unit. In 1998, it was upgraded to a provincial-level protection unit. On May 25, 2006, it was listed as the sixth batch of national key cultural relic protection units by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China.

Conservation and Development

Today, Zhenqing Cultural Square combines culture, architecture, greenery, and leisure tourism, becoming a new highlight in Kunming and a popular destination for residents. The five main buildings of Zhenqingguan will host various cultural activities, showcasing Yunnan handicrafts such as wood carving, bronze, tin, and purple clay, establishing it as the largest center for displaying and auctioning antiques in Yunnan.

Tourism Information

Location

Zhenqingguan is located at the intersection of the southern section of White Pagoda Road and Tuodong Road in the center of Kunming, Yunnan Province.

Zhenqingguan Details
Address: 82 Tuodong Road, Panlong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.

Transportation Information

Visitors can take the Kunming Bus A2 route to reach the Zhenqingguan complex, disembarking at the Mid-section of Tuodong Road.

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_65ac3c910102x5eh.html

The Tomb of Ma Hazhi (马哈只墓碑) is located in Zheng He Park (郑和公园) in Kunyang Town (昆阳镇), Jinning District (晋宁县), Kunming (昆明), Yunnan Province (云南省), China. It is a historical site from the Ming Dynasty (明朝).

Overview of the Tomb

The Tomb of Ma Hazhi consists of four main parts:

1. The first section features the national key cultural relic protection unit “Tombstone of Ma Hazhi” (马哈只墓碑) on the right side of the tombstone.
2. The second section includes the inscription of Ma Hazhi’s tomb. Due to significant damage to the tombstone, the Jinning County government placed a glass protective cover around the Ma Hazhi tombstone to preserve it. Inside this glass cover, there are three engraved stones.
3. The third section is the tomb of Ma Hazhi.
4. The fourth section consists of four engraved stones.

The inscription on the tombstone, established on the Dragon Boat Festival (端阳日) in the third year of the Yongle era (永乐) in 1405, outlines the life and achievements of Ma Hazhi, father of Zheng He (郑和). It records his birthplace, personal character, and contributions, detailing his relationship to Kunyang and praising his virtue in serving the people. The discovery of the tomb clarified significant details regarding Zheng He’s origins and family background, making the tomb inscription an important historical document for researching Zheng He.

In May 2006, the Tomb of Ma Hazhi was officially listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China.

Geographical Location

• Location: Zheng He Park (郑和公园) in Kunyang Town (昆阳镇), Jinning District (晋宁县), Kunming (昆明), Yunnan Province (云南省)
• Historical Period: Ming Dynasty (明朝)
• Protection Level: Listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit (第六批全国重点文物保护单位)
• Number: 6-863-4-053
• Approval Authority: State Council of the People’s Republic of China (中华人民共和国国务院)

Historical Background

The Tomb of Ma Hazhi was established on the Dragon Boat Festival (端阳日) in the third year of the Yongle era (永乐) in 1405. Zheng He returned to his hometown for ceremonial worship in the ninth year of Yongle (1411). During the Republic of China (民国) period, in the winter of 1924, the tomb was partially preserved with a memorial pavilion built by the descendants of the Mongolian prince from the Yuan Dynasty (元朝), Pu Huai Ya Lan Li Bo.

In 1935, Kunyang’s governor Yang Lisheng recognized the significance of the tombstone and funded the construction of a pavilion. He also erected two stones beside it: one inscribed with the tomb’s history and the other containing the biography of Zheng He from the “History of the Ming Dynasty” (明史). However, this pavilion suffered damage shortly thereafter. In 1944, local authorities rebuilt the pavilion, adding inscriptions by Mr. Yuan Jiagu and the “Tianfei Ling Ying Stele” (天妃灵应碑).

Renovations took place in 1958, with guardrails added in 1978, and further funding from the Yunnan Provincial Cultural Bureau for repairs in 1990. In 2005, to commemorate the 600th anniversary of Zheng He’s voyages to the West, the tombstone underwent another restoration.

Architectural Layout

The tomb of Ma Hazhi is located in Zheng He’s homeland, within Zheng He Park (郑和公园) in Jinning County (晋宁县), Yunnan Province (云南省). The entire tomb complex is divided into four sections:

1. The first section includes the nationally recognized “Tombstone of Ma Hazhi” on the right side and a stone detailing the tomb’s overview on the left.
2. The second section is the inscription of Ma Hazhi’s tomb. Due to severe damage, the Jinning County government placed a glass protective cover over the tombstone. Within the cover, there are three stones: the left stone contains the inscription by Xia Guangnan of Huize (会泽夏光南) on the tomb, while the right stone features the entry from “The History of the Ming Dynasty” about Zheng He.
3. The third section contains the tomb itself. Islamic burial customs require earth burials, which align with the belief that the first man, Adam, was created from soil. Therefore, the Islamic tombs are typically rectangular with flat tops, contrasting with the circular mounds used by the Han Chinese. There are six engraved stones on either side of the tomb, commemorating various figures and events.
4. The fourth section consists of four engraved stones, including a reproduction of the “Inscription of Ma Hazhi’s Tomb” and records of the tomb’s reconstruction.

Cultural Relics

The tomb features three preserved stones, with the central stone displaying the inscription “Inscription of the Tomb of Ma Hazhi” (故马公墓志铭) in seal script. The stone’s top is semi-circular, surrounded by decorative floral patterns, and rests on a large stone turtle. The inscription records the details of Zheng He’s visit in the ninth year of Yongle.

Full Text of the “Inscription of the Tomb of Ma Hazhi”

公字哈只，姓马氏，世为云南昆阳州人。祖拜颜，妣马氏。父哈只，母温氏。公生而魁岸奇伟，风裁凛凛可畏，不肯枉己附人，人有过，辄面斥无隐。性尤好善，遇贫困及鳏寡无依者，恒保护赒给，未尝有倦容。以故乡党靡不称公为长者。娶温氏，有妇德。子男二人，长文铭，次和；女四人。和自幼有材志，事今天子，赐姓郑，为内官监太监。公勤明敏，谦恭谨密，不避劳勋，缙绅咸称誉焉。呜呼，观其子而公之积累于平日，与义方之训可见矣。公生于甲申年十二月初九日，卒于洪武壬戌七月初三日，享年三十九岁。长子文铭奉柩安厝于宝山乡和代村之原，礼也。铭曰：身处乎边陲，而服礼义之习；分安乎民庶，而存惠泽之施，宜其余庆深长，而有子光显于当时也。时永乐三年端阳日，资善大夫礼部尚书兼左春坊大学士李至刚撰。

The “Inscription of the Tomb of Ma Hazhi” was buried during the wars of the Qing Dynasty (清朝) and was later discovered and published by Mr. Yuan Jiagu. The inscription chronicles the life of Zheng He’s father, Ma Hazhi, detailing his birthplace, character, and contributions.

Location:

The Anning Confucius Temple (安宁文庙), located within the Museum of Anning Town, Anning City, Kunming, Yunnan Province, was first established in the sixth year of the Dade era (大德) during the reign of Emperor Chengzong of the Yuan Dynasty (元成宗) in 1302. The temple covers an area of 4,500 square meters.

Architectural Scale and Layout

The Anning Confucius Temple boasts a grand scale with various architectural components including the Civilization Archway (文明坊), Screen Wall (照壁), Pond (泮池), Golden Sound and Jade Vibration Archway (金声玉振坊), Lingxing Gate (棂星门), Dacheng Gate (大成门), Dacheng Hall (大成殿), Chongsheng Shrine (崇圣祠), two courtyards (东西两院), the Academy Gate (黉门), and the Shrine of Local Worthies (乡贤祠). In total, there are 22 buildings in the seven courtyards and six halls layout. However, most of the original structures have been lost over time, with only the main buildings, Dacheng Hall and Chongsheng Shrine, remaining intact.

On May 25, 2006, the Anning Confucius Temple was officially listed as a National Key Cultural Relic Protection Unit by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China.

Location

• Geographical Location: Museum of Anning Town, Anning City, Kunming, Yunnan Province
• Established: Sixth year of the Dade era (大德), 1302
• Area: 4,500 m²
• Protection Level: Sixth batch of National Key Cultural Relic Protection Units
• Code: 6-0746-3-449
• Approval Unit: State Council of the People’s Republic of China

Historical Development

The Anning Confucius Temple was first built in the sixth year of the Dade era (1302) and was destroyed during the military conflicts in the first year of the Tianli era (天历) in the Ming Dynasty (明宗) in 1329. It was rebuilt in the third year of the Yuan Dynasty (元) in 1337, overseen by General Xuanwei and the governor of Zhongqing Road. According to local chronicles, it underwent several reconstructions and expansions in the Yongle era (永乐) of the Ming Dynasty in 1403, the Xuan De era (宣德) in 1427, the Tian Shun era (天顺) in 1457, the Chongzhen era (崇祯) in 1629, and the 55th year of the Kangxi era (康熙) in 1716.

Architectural Features

The architectural area of the Anning Confucius Temple is 4,500 square meters. It features a grand design with a total of 22 structures, including the aforementioned components. Most of the original buildings have been lost, with only the primary structures, Dacheng Hall and Chongsheng Shrine, still standing.

Dacheng Hall

Dacheng Hall is oriented north to south and features a beam-column structure. It has five bays (16.6 meters wide) and three depths, with a front and rear corridor (14 meters). The hall features a single-eaved, nine-ridge hip roof that rises to a height of 10 meters, with eaves edged in glazed tiles. The interior adopts a method of reducing and shifting columns to maximize space. The essence of this architectural design, as detailed by Wang Haitao, the former director of the Kunming Museum in his book “Cultural Relics and Historical Sites in Kunming,” lies in the thick, open bracketing system, with two brackets in the central bay, one in the adjacent bay, and none in the slightly recessed bay. The front eaves bracketing features double-down angled five-purlin bracket sets, while the inner brackets are structured in a complex manner. Noted Chinese architectural historian Liu Dunzhen in “Overview of Ancient Architecture in Southwest China” recognizes the Dacheng Hall’s bracketing style as following the Song and Yuan architectural regulations.

Chongsheng Shrine

Located 13.7 meters north of Dacheng Hall, Chongsheng Shrine was constructed in the first year of the Yongzheng era (雍正) in the Qing Dynasty (清) in 1723. It features a beam-column structure, with five bays (16.12 meters wide) and a front corridor. Both the central and two adjacent bays have lattice doors, and it is topped with a single-eaved hard mountain roof.

Cultural Relics

The Anning Confucius Temple currently preserves more than ten steles from the Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties. Among these, the Yuan steles include the “Imperial Edict Stele” (圣旨碑) and the “Stele of the Reconstruction of Anning Confucius Temple” (重修安宁文庙记碑). The Ming steles include the “Imperially Inscribed Analects Stele” (御制儒学箴碑), “Stele of the Reconstruction of Minglun Hall” (重修明伦堂记), “Stele of the Reconstruction of the Scripture Pavilion” (重修尊经阁记), “Stele of Reflection” (去思碑记), “Stele of the Imperial Examination Name” (科举题名碑), and others. The Qing Dynasty stele includes the “Zhang Gong De Teaching Stele” (张公德教碑记). In front of Dacheng Hall, there are also two stone lions, originally positioned on both sides of the east gate of Yaocen Tower. After the Yaocen Tower was burned in a fire in 1985, the stone lions were relocated to their current site. These stone lions, carved from red sandstone, are 2 meters tall and 2 meters long. The male lion holds a pearl in its mouth, while the female lion is silent and protects a small lion with its front paw.

Historical and Cultural Significance

The brackets on both the interior and exterior of the Anning Confucius Temple represent the essence of the main hall’s architecture. The exterior brackets were renovated during the Kangxi era, exhibiting some characteristics of the Qing Dynasty. However, overall, the bracketing is robust and imposing. The central bay has two brackets, while the adjacent bay has one, with none in the slightly recessed bay. The front eaves brackets are structured in double-down angled five-purlin sets, while the inner brackets uniformly follow the three-bay, six-purlin style. The style of the arches adheres completely to the regulations of the Song Dynasty. Liu Dunzhen also emphasized in his writings that the architectural styles in Anning and Zhenxiong are consistent with the heritage of the Song and Yuan Dynasties.

During the Xianfeng (咸丰) and Tongzhi (同治) eras, the Hui people’s uprising led to the destruction of nearly all Buddhist and Taoist buildings around Kunming. Many mosques were also burned during the suppression of the uprising. In contrast, most Confucius Temples survived this period, indicating that during the feudal society, reverence for Confucius was a common ideology across different sects and social classes. Furthermore, the construction of Confucius Temples often utilized the best materials, artisans, and designs, accompanied by richly varied architectural forms such as halls, pavilions, and courtyards. This is why the older ancient architectural complexes in the Kunming area are predominantly Confucius Temples, including those in Kunming, Lunan, Yiliang, Chenggong, and Guandu. A comprehensive survey and classification of all Confucius Temples in Yunnan Province would yield a comprehensive dictionary of wooden structures from the Yuan Dynasty onward.

Preservation Efforts

On May 25, 2006, the Anning Confucius Temple was designated as a National Key Cultural Relic Protection Unit by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China.

Tourist Information

• Address: Anning Confucius Temple, 122 Lianran Street, Anning City, Kunming, Yunnan Province
• Transportation:
  • Bus Route: Anning Bus No. 9, approximately 39.6 kilometers in total.
  1. Walk about 320 meters from the temple to Shengli Hall (Victory Square) Station.
  2. Take Anning Bus, passing 11 stops to reach Anning Xiaozhan (小站).
  3. Continue on Anning Bus No. 9 for 7 stops to reach the Metallurgy Back Door Station.
  4. Walk approximately 450 meters to the destination.

Location:

Huilong Wetland Park (汇龙湿地公园) is located in the central area of Xundian County (寻甸县), covering an area of 220 acres. This includes 13 acres of islands, 12 acres of main river channels, 43.5 acres of floodplain, and 151.5 acres of parkland. The park features nearly 20,000 square meters of lakes, wetlands, and floodplains, which contribute to its green, environmentally-friendly, and ecological characteristics.

Overview

Huilong Wetland Park is the first “water culture” park in Xundian County (寻甸县), situated upstream of the Qianjin River (前进河), a tributary of the Niulan River (牛栏江). The park’s landscape, which includes approximately 20,000 square meters of water surfaces, wetlands, and floodplains, fosters an ecological environment that attracts various bird species, including the red-billed gull (红嘴鸥), making it an important habitat for these migratory birds.

Tourist Attractions in Xundian County

Xundian County (寻甸县) offers various attractions, including:

• Xundian Xinghe Hot Spring Tourist Town (寻甸星河温泉旅游小镇)
• Huilong Wetland Park (汇龙湿地公园)
• Qingshuihai (清水海)
• Kedu Memorial Hall (柯渡纪念馆)
• Wanmu Grassland Beidaying (万亩草原北大营)
• Zhongling Mountain Pagoda Forest (钟灵山塔林)
• Xundian Colorful Slope (寻甸七彩坡)
• Fenglong Bay Scenic Area Lavender Garden (凤龙湾景区薰衣草庄园)
• Yangjie Sansheng Palace (羊街三圣宫)

These attractions highlight the natural beauty and cultural richness of Xundian County, making it a popular destination for visitors seeking both relaxation and adventure.

Location:

Xinghe Hot Spring Town (寻甸县星河温泉小镇) is located in the beautiful Xundian County (寻甸县), offering a warm and heartwarming hot spring experience. The South Valley Hot Springs (星河南谷温泉) in Xundian have a water temperature reaching up to 76 degrees Celsius and a flow rate of over 300 cubic meters per hour. This hot spring boasts a thousand-year history, featuring high mineral content and sulfur-rich natural hot springs with clear and transparent water.

Overview

The hot spring town introduces the concept of “汤天下” (Tangtianxia) Spa, with more than 60 indoor and outdoor soaking pools designed in various styles. It has become the largest outdoor hot spring park in Yunnan, providing an elegant environment for relaxation and wellness, making it an ideal choice for health and leisure vacations. Here, visitors can experience both healthful relaxation and comfortable enjoyment, embodying the life people yearn for.

Investment and Infrastructure

With a total investment of 200 million yuan, the first phase of the project covers an area of 280 acres, with a building area of 60,000 square meters. It features 129 low-density villas designed in a simple European style, creating a masterpiece of residential art. This multifunctional hot spring tourism resort integrates hot spring wellness, conference training, entertainment and fitness, holiday hotels, vacation villas, and tourism merchandise trading.

The town includes a leisure pedestrian street, conference center, star-rated hotels, hot spring spas, and a golf practice range, offering a complete range of supporting facilities.

Economic Development

With the completion and opening of the Kunqu Expressway (昆曲高速公路), the logistics along the route have greatly improved, reducing the distance between cities. The economic development and growth prospects for Xundian and the entire eastern Yunnan region (滇东地区) are promising. The land prices in this area are also rising, creating a favorable situation for investors who are eagerly vying for this “diamond” piece of real estate.

Property Details

• Property Name: Xinghe Hot Spring Town (星河温泉小镇)
• Property Type: Villas (别墅)
• Building Form: Villas (别墅), Shops (商铺), Hotel-style Apartments (酒店式公寓)
• Plot Ratio: 0.48
• Location: Xundian County (寻甸县)
• Project Type: Villas (别墅), Shops (商铺), Hotel-style Apartments (酒店式公寓)
• Property Address: Tangzi, Mid-section of Kunqu Expressway (昆曲高速中段塘子)
• Surrounding Traffic: 45 minutes drive from downtown Kunming (昆明市中心)
• Main Unit Types: All unit types (全部户型)
• Plot Ratio: 0.48
• Green Space Ratio: 70%
• Supporting Facilities: 8,100 acres of Zhongling Mountain National Forest Park (钟灵山国家级森林公园), Wanmu Grassland (万亩草场), Xinghe Self-spraying Sulfur Hot Springs (星河自喷硫磺温泉)
• Building Display: 141 buildings (楼座展示)
• Property Management Company: Baijia Sheng Property Management Company (百家盛物业服务管理公司)
• Property Fees: 0.8 yuan/square meter per month (物业费用：0.8元/平米.月)
• Developer: Yunnan Dantong Group Co., Ltd. (云南丹彤集团股份有限公司)

Location:

Wanjiahuan Blueberry Manor (石林万家欢蓝莓庄园) is an ecological manor that offers a comprehensive activity space for visitors to enjoy leisure, appreciation, education, residence, and dining. The picturesque environment features lush forests, vibrant greenery, and clear waters, creating a pastoral ecological setting that captivates guests.

Location

The manor is located at No. 1 Alishan Road, Taichuang Park Core Area, Shilin County (石林县), Kunming (昆明), Yunnan (云南) Province. It is conveniently situated 8 kilometers from Shilin Railway Station (石林火车站), 8 kilometers from the natural wonder Shilin Scenic Area (石林风景区), and 4 kilometers from Naigu Shilin Scenic Area (乃古石林风景区). Covering over 5,600 acres, it is an ideal spot for leisure and vacationing.

Overview

Wanjiahuan Blueberry Manor comprises four main areas: orchard, nursery, breeding area, and leisure garden. Fresh fruits can be harvested year-round, including cherries and blueberries in April, nectarines in May, plums and apricots in June, grapes in July, pears in August, apples in September, and winter peaches in November and December. All fruits are certified organic and grown using homemade organic fertilizers, ensuring they are free from pesticide contamination.

Services Offered

• Dining: The eco-restaurant provides organic vegetables and cuisine, allowing visitors to savor fresh, pollution-free dishes. A highlight is the roasted goat meat from the local Guishan goats, known for its tenderness and rich flavor.
• Recreational Facilities: The leisure area offers flower appreciation, fruit and vegetable picking, and various recreational facilities, including a playground for children, swings, seesaws, as well as sports fields for adults (soccer, basketball, tennis), karaoke rooms, and relaxation areas for seniors, including tea-tasting and game rooms.
• Accommodations: The manor features 44 standard rooms and 6 single rooms, providing comfortable lodging options.
• Conference Facilities: There are small meeting rooms accommodating 30 people and a large meeting room for 120, equipped with projectors, refreshments, and fruit platters.

Dining Capacity

The restaurant can accommodate 200 to 300 guests, offering a delightful dining experience focused on ecological dishes.

Entertainment Options

Two KTV rooms are available, each capable of hosting 30 people, ensuring a fun atmosphere for guests.

Travel Tips

Guests can book all-inclusive packages starting for groups of 8 or more.

Company Information

Wanjiahuan Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd. (石林万家欢农业科技开发有限公司)
Address: No. 1 Alishan Road, Taichuang Park Core Area, Shilin County, Kunming, Yunnan, China (云南昆明石林县台创园核心区阿里山路1号)

Qicai Yunnan (七彩云南) is located along the Kunming to Shilin Highway, just 12 kilometers from Kunming (昆明). This large comprehensive tourism enterprise, invested by the Noshida Group (诺仕达企业集团), combines tourism, leisure, sightseeing, dining, and shopping, serving as a model retail market in Yunnan (云南).

Historical Significance

The scenic area is historically significant as the place where Zhuge Liang (诸葛亮) set up camp with the Shu army during the Three Kingdoms period. Legend has it that when Zhuge Liang first captured Meng Huo (孟获), a rainbow appeared in the sky, leading him to believe that he needed to capture Meng Huo seven times to truly win the hearts of the local people. This story, known as “Seven Captures of Meng Huo” (七擒孟获), is integral to the origin of Qicai Yunnan. Today, the site where Zhuge Liang camped has become a scenic highlight of Qicai Yunnan.

Location

• Geographical Position: 12 kilometers along the Kunming to Shilin Highway
• Open Hours: Open year-round, Monday to Sunday, from 09:00 to 18:00
• Admission Price: 50 CNY per ticket
• Famous Attraction: Zhuge Liang’s Camp (武候扎营处)
• Cultural Story: Seven Captures of Meng Huo (七擒孟获)
• Country: China
• City: Kunming, Yunnan Province
• Best Visiting Season: All year round
• Recommended Duration: 2-4 hours

Scenic Area Overview

Qicai Yunnan, located along the Kunming to Shilin Highway, is a large tourism enterprise developed by the Noshida Group. It serves as a prominent destination for tour groups from across the country, showcasing the century-old “Qingfengxiang” tea shop and various shopping pavilions featuring silver jewelry, jade products, local specialties, and traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. Products are clearly priced, genuine, and come with invoices.

Scenic Beauty

The area encapsulates the breathtaking scenery of Yunnan and its vibrant ethnic culture. Attractions include the shimmering Qicai Fishing Garden (七彩渔缘), a wishing pool, the grand and mysterious Yi (彝族) Solar God Pillar, and Sun Plaza (太阳广场). Visitors can find a wide range of unique Yunnanese products and enjoy dynamic ethnic dance performances. The ethnic buildings nestled among the lush greenery resemble a vivid landscape painting, making Qicai Yunnan a beautiful destination.

Cultural Characteristics

Qicai Yunnan not only emphasizes shopping but also showcases distinct ethnic architectural styles, such as the Dai (傣族) buildings with golden roofs and red tiles, and the Bai (白族) structures featuring wall reflections, creating a unique tourist appeal that highlights the colorful ethnic customs and cultural heritage.

There is also a saying that “Yunnan” means “south of the cloud ridge” and is also known as “Dian” (滇). According to legend, in ancient times, the heavens sprinkled fertile soil in southwestern China, forming endless mountains; a bowl of divine nectar was poured to create the lakes and rivers; and a breath of celestial energy formed the colorful clouds.

Map of the Scenic Area

• Location: Qicai Yunnan, 12 kilometers along Shian Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province (云南省昆明市呈贡区石安公路12公里处)

Culinary Highlights

Qicai Yunnan features a variety of local cuisine, including the ancient Dian Kingdom banquet, authentic snacks, various mountain delicacies, and flower cakes, allowing visitors to fully experience the genuine flavors of Yunnan. Internationally renowned dining brand McDonald’s has also made its mark here, ensuring that delicious food is always available.

Ethnic Dance Performances

Qicai Yunnan embodies the colors of ethnicity, nature, and ecology. The vibrant performances of ethnic dances such as the “Bamboo Dance” (竹竿舞) and “Left Foot Dance” (左脚舞) take place daily, inviting guests to explore the enchanting charm of the ancient Dian Kingdom through the rhythm of the local tribes.

Attractions

In addition to the Qicai Yunnan Jade Art Museum (翡翠艺术馆), Chinese Tea Culture Park (中国茶礼文化园), and National Treasure Garden (国家宝藏花园), there are many beautiful sights waiting to be discovered at Qicai Yunnan. The phrase “three steps reveal a small scene, five steps reveal a grand view” captures the essence of the endless beauty that awaits visitors. Everything can be found at Qicai Yunnan.

Junfa New Luosiwan International Trade City (俊发·新螺蛳湾国际商贸城), abbreviated as “New Luosiwan” (新螺蛳湾), is a modern and comprehensive international commercial complex in the southwest of China. It is also the largest wholesale market in the region. Located in the Guandu District (官渡区) of Kunming (昆明), the capital of Yunnan Province (云南省), this sprawling trade city covers a vast area of 5,705 acres and features a diverse range of commodities, from fashion clothing to home furnishings, and much more.

The city is easily accessible, lying to the east of the Kunyu Expressway (昆玉高速公路), to the west of Caiyun Road (彩云路), to the south of the Kunming Ring Expressway (昆明绕城高速公路), and to the north of Guangfu Road (广福路).

Key Details of the City:

• Total Area: 5,705 acres

• Building Area: 15 million square meters

  • Main Market Area: 3.14 million square meters

  • Small Commodity Production and Processing Zone: 2,100 acres, 2.55 million square meters

  • Logistics and Warehousing Area: 535 acres, 600,000 square meters

• Number of Merchants: 35,586

• Daily Foot Traffic: Approximately 200,000 people

• Commodity Types: Includes 50 major categories and 1.7 million types of products, including fashion, daily necessities, furniture, etc.

• Export Markets: Exports to countries like Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, Singapore, and other regions.

• Opening Hours: 9:00 AM to 5:30 PM

• Admission Fee: Free

• Postal Code: 650213

• Recommended Visit Time: Approximately 3 hours

Historical Background

Origin of the Name “Luosiwan” (螺蛳湾)

In Kunming, there are many areas known as “wan” (湾), which are connected to the water systems of Dianchi Lake (滇池). Luosiwan (螺蛳湾), specifically, was once the mouth of the Panlong River (盘龙江) before the Yunnan (云南) province underwent significant urban development. The area was historically a fishing port, where boats would dock and travelers would cross from one side to another. According to Xu Xiake (徐霞客), a famous Chinese traveler, he mentioned in his travel journal that he once boarded a boat in Luosiwan (螺蛳湾) to reach Jinning County (晋宁县). The name “Luosiwan” comes from the abundance of snail shells floating in the water, giving the area its characteristic name.

Before the Yuan Dynasty (元代), the site of the old Luosiwan Market was located near Yuhuang Pavilion (玉皇阁). Over time, the phrase “Doing great things in a small space” (螺蛳壳里做道场) evolved, which became symbolic of people achieving great things in small places.

The new Luosiwan symbolizes a significant opportunity in Kunming’s commerce, representing the future of the city’s market development.

Development Timeline

Junfa New Luosiwan International Trade City has evolved from the Luosiwan Daily Commodity Wholesale Market (螺蛳湾日用商品批发市场), established in 1988. This early market served as a relocation site for many small businesses along Kunming’s Youth Road (昆明市青年路) during the urban redevelopment in the late 1980s. In 1989, the market officially opened and has undergone three major expansions since then.

By the end of 1995, the market covered a total area of 30,000 square meters, with nearly 6,000 businesses and 13,000 employees. At this time, the market offered a wide variety of daily goods, including toys, clothing, shoes, electronics, and more, generating daily sales of over 8 million yuan. By 2007, the market’s value had increased significantly, contributing around 1.5 billion yuan in value-added production, and its tax revenue had reached nearly 60 million yuan.

Milestones in Market Development

1. Record-Breaking Auctions in 2006:
   In 2006, the market witnessed an unprecedented auction of 286 shops in the first trading zone, with some areas reaching up to 100,000 yuan per square meter. A prime shop even sold for an astronomical 1.38 million yuan.

2. 20th Anniversary in 2008:
   On December 16, 2008, the Luosiwan Market celebrated its 20th anniversary and received the “Four-Star China Brand Market” award from the China General Chamber of Commerce (中国商业联合会) for its sales exceeding 10 billion yuan. Over these 20 years, the market expanded its operating area from 5,700 square meters to 830,000 square meters, and the number of businesses grew from 1,200 to more than 10,000.

3. Government Upgrades and Future Plans in 2009:
   On February 17, 2009, the Kunming Municipal People’s Government (昆明市人民政府) announced plans to upgrade and renovate the commercial area around Luosiwan (螺蛳湾). The new plan included shifting low-end sales and warehousing to outside the third ring road and constructing a new Luosiwan Central Business District (螺蛳湾中央商务区) on the original site.

Modern-Day Operations and the Role of Luosiwan Market

Today, Junfa New Luosiwan International Trade City continues to thrive as a bustling hub of commerce in Kunming. The city’s location and its massive scale make it a key destination for wholesale buyers, small merchants, and consumers from across China and neighboring Southeast Asian countries.

In 2025, the market officially opened to the public, further solidifying its place as one of the largest and most influential commercial centers in southwest China.

Junfa New Luosiwan International Trade City is not just a market—it is a symbol of the dynamic and fast-growing economy of Yunnan Province (云南省) and Kunming (昆明). It serves as a key link in the region’s global trade networks, where thousands of businesses thrive, and millions of goods are exchanged daily.

Rebuild in Different Place

Junfa.New Luosiwan International Trade City (俊发·新螺蛳湾国际商贸城), commonly known as “New Luosiwan” (新螺蛳湾), is a modern international commercial complex located in the Guandu District of Kunming, Yunnan Province, China. It is the largest wholesale market in Southwest China, with a total construction area of 15 million square meters. The market is situated near major transportation routes such as the Kunming-Yu Expressway to the east, Caiyun Road to the west, the Kunming Ring Expressway to the south, and Guangfu Road to the north.

The trade city encompasses several key areas:

• The main market area spans 3.14 million square meters, with 35,586 merchants and daily foot traffic of approximately 200,000 people.

• The small goods manufacturing and processing area covers 2,100 acres, with 2.55 million square meters of building space.

• The logistics and warehousing area is spread over 535 acres, totaling 600,000 square meters in building space.

Products and International Reach

The market offers over 1.7 million products across 50 major categories, including fashion, daily necessities, and home furnishings. These goods are exported to 19 countries and regions, including Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, and Singapore.

Historical Development

Origins and Name

The name “Luosiwan” (螺蛳湾) refers to a bay area historically connected to Dianchi Lake and the Panlong River. In ancient times, it served as a fishing port, with a ferry terminal for boats traveling to and from the area. The name “Luosiwan” is said to derive from the many snail shells and snails found in the water. In the past, the phrase “making a big achievement in a small space” was often used to describe people succeeding in small but significant endeavors, as seen in the Luosiwan area.

The Beginnings

The origins of Junfa.New Luosiwan International Trade City trace back to the Luosiwan Daily Goods Wholesale Market, which began in 1988. As Kunming’s cityscape transformed in the late 1980s, street vendors from the city were relocated to the Luosiwan market. The market grew steadily with support from provincial, municipal, and district governments, eventually expanding in three major phases.

Early Growth and Recognition

By the end of 1995, the Luosiwan market had grown to 30,000 square meters, with nearly 6,000 businesses and a daily trading volume of 2.2 million yuan. It became one of the top ten daily goods wholesale markets in China by 2008. Over the next few years, the market’s success continued to build, with annual sales exceeding 8 billion yuan.

Closure and Relocation

In September 2008, a competitive auction for land in the Hongren area was held, resulting in the purchase of 860 acres for the development of the new Luosiwan International Trade City. The new location, approximately 15 kilometers away from the original site, would accommodate 16,800 merchants. The relocation of businesses began in 2009, and by December of that year, the new Junhao Luosiwan International Trade City (中豪·螺蛳湾国际商贸城) was officially opened.

Transition to a National AAAA Tourist Attraction

In 2011, the Junhao Luosiwan International Trade City received recognition as a National AAAA-level tourist attraction, but by 2016, it was removed from the list due to various operational issues. In 2018, the city was rebranded and officially renamed Junfa.New Luosiwan International Trade City (俊发·新螺蛳湾国际商贸城), under the management of Junfa Group.

Modern Era and Developments

Large-Scale Online Auctions and Market Expansion

In December 2020, the city held its first large-scale online leasing auction for shop spaces, drawing attention nationwide. The leasing rights for 5,916 shops in the first phase were auctioned on Alibaba’s auction platform, with an impressive 82.28% success rate. The auction attracted over 4.4 million views and 28,000 bids, ensuring that the rental prices reflected fair market values.

Continued Growth and Business Partnerships

By February 2025, Junfa.New Luosiwan International Trade City was fully operational, with more than 35,000 merchants. The city remains a hub for international trade, serving as the largest wholesale market in the Southwest.

Location and Transportation

The location of Junfa.New Luosiwan International Trade City is strategically placed near various key transportation hubs. The Kunming South Bus Station, New Luosiwan Bus Hub, and Yunnan Province’s Tourist Bus Station are located directly south of the complex. The city is also just 14 kilometers away from the Kunming South Railway Station, which is a major passenger station, and 8 kilometers from the Wangjiaying West Station, a freight hub. Additionally, Kunming Changshui International Airport and several important city landmarks are easily accessible, placing the trade city at the heart of Kunming’s evolving commercial center.

Logistics and Storage Facilities

The trade city is well-equipped with logistics and storage facilities. The storage area is divided into two phases. Phase one spans 256,700 square meters and houses 50 warehouses and two multi-functional buildings. Phase two expands to 341,800 square meters, including 57 additional buildings.

Government Support and Development Policies

To support the development of the trade city, provincial and municipal governments have implemented a series of policies covering areas like tax, finance, customs, market supervision, and more, aimed at fostering a conducive environment for business growth and investment.

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Special Notes:
This translation keeps all the key details and emphasizes the history, expansion, and significance of Junfa.New Luosiwan International Trade City (俊发·新螺蛳湾国际商贸城). The development of this market from a humble daily goods market into a modern international trade hub demonstrates both the commercial growth of Kunming and the success of large-scale infrastructural projects.

Project Layout and Design

The overall layout of Kunming Luosiwan International Commercial and Trade City is based on a “zoning and market integration” approach. In this model, each business category is grouped together, and merchants are required to declare their products and enter agreements that determine their operations, which cannot be changed. The government leads the process, gathering feedback from various stakeholders to ensure that similar products are grouped for optimal business convenience and growth.

The market’s zoning adheres to principles of openness, fairness, and justice. Merchants are free to decide whether to rent or purchase commercial spaces. After the business term ends, merchants have priority in renting or purchasing the spaces.

Phase I Overview

Phase I of Kunming Luosiwan International Commercial and Trade City is located in the southwest section of the complex, bounded by Mall Avenue to the east, Shangqi Street to the north, Shangbo Street to the south, and Caiyun North Road to the west. Construction began on September 28, 2008, and it officially opened on December 16, 2009. This phase occupies 860.1 acres, with a total construction area of 1.2 million square meters. It features seven trading zones (A to G) across five floors. The main building spans 650 meters in length and 265 meters in width, with 5 floors above ground and one below. There are 23,000 standard shops in the complex.

The market houses 26 types of business, including clothing, knitwear, and sporting goods, with tens of thousands of products. It sees approximately 300,000 visitors daily.

As of November 2020, 10,172 tenants had signed rental agreements for Phase I shops with Yunnan Zhonghao Real Estate Co., Ltd. Of these, 3,264 are self-operated, comprising 32% of the total, while 6,908 are sub-leased, making up 68%. Among the sub-leased shops, 2,296 have been officially transferred, and 4,612 have not yet been reported for approval.

Features of Phase I Market

Phase I of the Kunming Luosiwan International Commercial and Trade City is designed with modern planning principles, featuring minimal differences between floors, excellent lighting and ventilation, and easy movement for both people and goods. The market is laid out to ensure smooth operations, with six main passageways and 20 entrances and exits. There is a circular driveway to the rooftop, and parking is available with 7,000 spaces on the ground, underground, and rooftop levels. The complex is equipped with 51 elevators and 58 escalators, all leading directly to the fifth floor. Each shop is equipped with a programmable telephone and network terminals.

The market is divided into different categories, including clothing retail and wholesale, with various specialized areas on each floor:

• The first floor mainly focuses on clothing, including denim, casual wear, and trendy fashion.

• The second floor is home to children’s wear, suits, shirts, leather goods, woolen sweaters, and shoes.

• The third floor offers knitwear, hats, crafts, stationery, toys, accessories, cosmetics, outdoor goods, fishing gear, and heating pads.

• The fourth floor specializes in retail clothing, including women’s, men’s, and children’s apparel, along with woolen garments.

• The fifth floor serves as a comprehensive exhibition space, showcasing various industry brands and products in the style of an international small commodity trade fair.

Market Zoning for Phase I

The Phase I market is divided into seven zones: A, B, C, D, E, F, and G. The various sections cater to specific types of products, including:

Dining

• A to D Zones, Fourth Floor, Streets 8

Women’s Apparel

• A Zone, First Floor

• B Zone, First Floor

• C Zone, First Floor

• D Zone, First Floor

• A Zone, Fourth Floor

• B Zone, Fourth Floor

Men’s Apparel

• E Zone, First Floor

• F Zone, First Floor

• C Zone, Fourth Floor

• D Zone, Fourth Floor

• E Zone, Fourth Floor

• E Zone, Fifth Floor

Ethnic Wear, Cheongsams, and Wedding Apparel

• A Zone, First Floor, Streets 16 to 21

Middle-aged and Elderly Clothing

• D Zone, First Floor

• E Zone, First Floor

Casual and Sportswear

• E Zone, First Floor

• F Zone, First Floor

Denim

• G Zone, First Floor

Leather Shoes and Boots

• A Zone, Second Floor

Casual and Travel Shoes

• B Zone, Second Floor

Leather Bags and Luggage

• C Zone, Second Floor

Suits, Shirts, and Ties

• D Zone, Second Floor

Children’s Wear

• E Zone, Second Floor

• F Zone, Second Floor

• G Zone, Second Floor

• E Zone, Fourth Floor

• F Zone, Fourth Floor

• G Zone, Fourth Floor

• F Zone, Fifth Floor

• G Zone, Fifth Floor

Maternity, Infant, and Baby Foods

• F Zone, Fifth Floor

• G Zone, Fifth Floor

Knitwear (Underwear, Socks, Pajamas, Maternity Wear, Swimwear, Thermal Underwear, Long Johns)

• A Zone, Third Floor

• B Zone, Third Floor

• B Zone, Fifth Floor

• C Zone, Fifth Floor

Cosmetics

• C Zone, Third Floor

Accessories

• D Zone, Third Floor

• D Zone, Fifth Floor

Heating Pads

• D Zone, Third Floor

Toys

• D Zone, Third Floor, Streets 19 to 20

• E Zone, Third Floor, Streets 9 to 20

• E Zone, Fourth Floor

Crafts

• E Zone, Third Floor, Streets 1 to 8

• G Zone, Third Floor, Streets 4 to 15

Office and Sports Equipment

• F Zone, Third Floor

• G Zone, Third Floor, Streets 1 to 3

Outdoor Goods and Fishing Gear

• G Zone, Third Floor, Streets 4 to 15

Hats

• G Zone, Third Floor, Streets 16 to 18

Woolen Goods

• G Zone, Fourth Floor

Bicycles

• G Zone, Fourth Floor

• G Zone, Fifth Floor

Overview of Phase II

Phase II Market Overview

The Phase II market of Junfa·New Luoshan Bay International Commercial and Trade City (俊发·新螺蛳湾国际商贸城二期市场) is located in the northwest of the city, adjacent to Caiyun North Road (彩云北路) to the west, Guangfu Road (广福路) to the north, Shangqi Street (商启街) to the south, and Mall Avenue (商城大道) to the east. Construction began on October 28, 2009, and it officially opened on December 28, 2010. The total area spans 1,100 acres, with a building area of 2 million square meters. The market features 10 trading zones (Zones 8 to 17) across five floors, with 15,471 standard shops.

The market is larger and more expansive than the Phase I market, with a scientifically organized traffic flow, pedestrian movement, and logistics. It includes a 9-meter-wide circular road allowing vehicles to access from the underground level directly to the rooftop of the fifth floor. The underground parking lot has a capacity for 5,590 cars and 5,570 non-motorized vehicles. The central square of the West Hall, covering approximately 50,000 square meters, can accommodate over 1,000 tourist buses.

The West Hall’s architectural planning highlights its central role in the market and symbolizes a commercial gateway to South and Southeast Asia. It integrates various functions such as trade, exhibitions, offices, business, residential areas, cultural entertainment, and shopping. The goal is to build the “largest commercial circle in Southeast Asia.” The Phase II market introduces several advancements over the modern design of Phase I, with fewer floor differences and better transparency. Shop designs are tidy and spacious, catering to medium- and large-scale businesses, with a standard shop area twice as large as Phase I. The number of elevators and the capacity of goods elevators have been increased to meet operational needs. The market includes 96 escalators, 35 passenger and freight elevators, and 24 scenic elevators.

The Phase II market brings together more than 20 major categories of products, including household appliances, mobile phones, watches and glasses, jewelry, cultural handicrafts, Yunnan specialties, tea, flowers, hotel supplies, clothing, and imported goods from overseas. To enhance the business quality and functionality of the entire commercial circle, a strategic transformation towards branding, urbanization, and internationalization has been implemented with the addition of office buildings, hotels, and business clubs, covering a total area of about 900,000 square meters.

Business Categories in Phase II

• Dining: Zone 8, First Floor

• Women’s Clothing: Zones 9 to 15, First Floor; Zones 11 to 14, Second Floor; Zones 8 to 13, Fifth Floor

• Leisure Apparel, Men’s Clothing: Zone 11, First Floor

• Cultural and Antique Jewelry: Zone 16, First Floor

• Jewelry and Buddhist Items: Zone 17, First Floor

• Knitted Goods: Zones 8 and 9, Second Floor

• Shoes: Zones 8 to 10, Second Floor

• Sportswear: Zone 11, Second Floor

• Model Display Racks: Zone 8, Third Floor

• Daily Goods: Zones 8 to 10, Third Floor; Zones 12 to 15, Third Floor

• Watches and Eyewear: Zone 11, Third Floor

• Small Household Appliances: Zone 12, Third Floor

• Small Hardware: Zone 16, Third Floor

• Plastic Products: Zones 16 and 17, Third Floor

• Electronics and Digital Products: Zone 8, Fourth Floor

• Mobile Communications: Zones 9 to 11, Fourth Floor

• Humidifiers: Zones 12 to 15, Fourth Floor

• Home Appliances: Zones 12 to 16, Fourth Floor

• Supermarket Goods: Zone 17, Fourth Floor

• Tea and Tea Sets: Zones 12 to 14, Fifth Floor

• Ethnic Clothing, Handicrafts, Essential Oils: Zone 15, Fifth Floor

• Cultural and Sporting Goods, Hotel Supplies: Zones 16 and 17, Fifth Floor

Overview of Phase III

Phase III Market Overview

Phase III of Junfa·New Luoshan Bay International Commercial and Trade City (俊发·新螺蛳湾国际商贸城三期市场) commenced construction on August 19, 2010, and is composed of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Market and the Building Materials and Home Furnishing Market. The Kunming Chrysanthemum Garden Traditional Chinese Medicine Market (昆明菊花园中药材专业市场) officially opened on November 8, 2013, and the Junfa·New Luoshan Bay Building Materials and Home Furnishing Market opened on May 19, 2018.

The Traditional Chinese Medicine Market, also known as the Kunming Chrysanthemum Garden Traditional Chinese Medicine Professional Market, is located in the northeastern part of the commercial city, bordered by Guangfu Road (广福路) to the north, Shanghai Street (商海街) to the west, Shangbo Street (商博街) to the east, and Mall Avenue (商城大道) to the south. It is one of the 17 nationally approved professional Chinese medicine markets and the largest such market in Yunnan Province. According to statistics, Yunnan produces 70% of the traditional Chinese medicine products in China, ranking first in the nation. The Chrysanthemum Garden market covers an area of 147.3 acres with a building area of 280,000 square meters, consisting of three trading zones (Zones 18 to 20) across four floors. Over 700 businesses are housed in the market, offering more than 3,000 types of traditional Chinese medicine. The market specializes in rare and precious medicinal materials, accounting for 70% of the market’s products.

The Building Materials and Home Furnishing Market is located in the southeast part of the commercial city, at the intersection of Shanghai Road (商海路) and Shangying Street (商英街), near the Kunming-Yu Highway. It covers an area of 337.16 acres with a building area of 700,000 square meters, consisting of six trading zones (Zones 28 to 33) across eight floors. This market gathers various products such as ceramics, sanitary ware, decorative hardware, paints and coatings, custom furniture, lighting fixtures, windows, staircases, wooden floors, ceilings, wallpapers, carpets, kitchen cabinets, soft furnishings, textiles, and bedding.

Business Categories in Phase III

• Traditional Chinese Medicine: Zones 18 to 20

• Small Hardware, Copper Doors, Locks, Smart Drying Systems, Custom Furniture: Zone 28, First Floor

• Doors, Home Renovation, Custom Furniture: Zone 29, First Floor

• Ceramics: Zone 30, First Floor

• Sanitary Ware and Bathroom Items: Zones 31 to 33, First Floor

• Lighting Fixtures: Zones 28 to 33, Second Floor; Zones 28 and 29, Third Floor

• Kitchen Appliances: Zones 29 and 33, Third Floor

• Doors, Wallpaper, Kitchens, Floors, Carpets, Wall Panels, Ceilings, Locks, Sanitary Ware, Diatom Mud: Zones 29 to 33, Third Floor

• Decoration Companies: Zone 32, Third Floor

• Security Doors, Water Heaters, Air Conditioners: Zone 33, Third Floor

• Hotel Fabrics, Colored Fabrics, Large Floral Fabrics: Zones 28 and 29, Fourth Floor

• Fabrics: Zones 30 and 31, Fourth Floor

• Sewing Machines, Ethnic Clothing, Accessories: Zone 31, Fourth Floor

• Clothing, Fabrics, Buttons, Zippers, Sewing Machines, Clothing Accessories: Zone 32, Fourth Floor

• Clothing Fabrics, Clothing Accessories, Ethnic Jewelry, Accessories: Zone 33, Fourth Floor

• Home Textiles, Bedding: Zones 28 to 33, Fourth and Fifth Floors

• Curtains and Window Treatments: Zones 28 to 33, Seventh and Eighth Floors

Upgrades and Transformations

First Phase of Upgrades

The first stage of upgrades for the existing 3.14 million square meter market at Kunming Luosiwan International Commercial and Trade City involves enhancing the infrastructure, improving the surrounding environment, and refining the region’s foundational facilities. The goal is to strengthen branding and commercial management, reshaping the market’s image and steadily increasing the business turnover of merchants.

Second Phase of Development

The second phase includes accelerating the construction of the Central Lake Park and surrounding shopping centers, along with the development of star-rated hotels. These will complement the existing commercial setup at Luosiwan, creating a hub for experiential shopping, cultural creativity, and brand showcases. The facilities will feature an IMAX cinema, entertainment for all ages, fitness centers, dining, and retail for cultural goods. This expansion aims to position Luosiwan as a fashionable and all-encompassing commercial district.

Third Phase of Upgrades

Plans are in place to gradually transition Luosiwan’s traditional wholesale market into a modern commercial complex to meet the demands of new retail models. The new development will incorporate innovative commercial strategies based on “Internet+,” building an integrated online and offline business model. With an initial investment of 100 million RMB, goods from various merchants will be promoted on online platforms, allowing their sales volumes to multiply. The development will also establish an internet-based transaction settlement platform in Guandu District, further driving local economic growth.

Transportation Information

Bus Routes

• 49, 103, 149, 154, 162, 165, 178, 179, 190, 198, 209, 213, 225, K4, K15, C4, C5, C6, C7, C12, C13, C14, C24.

Metro Routes

• Kunming Metro Line 1 (South Bus Station), Kunming Metro Line 4 (Guangwei Station, Tami Station).

Comprehensive Evaluation

Market Impact and Influence

Kunming Luosiwan International Commercial and Trade City is not only the most influential wholesale market in Southwest China but has also expanded its business coverage to Southeast Asia and South Asia. A significant factor in its success is that its development is driven primarily by enterprises. Furthermore, its origins in rural areas have proven to be a model for rural economic development. (China Commercial Federation Evaluation)

Strategic Importance

With the ongoing globalization and the deepening of international economic cooperation, as well as China’s ongoing implementation of the Western Development Strategy, the construction of Luosiwan is advantageous in establishing a major land-based international trade corridor between China and Southeast Asia/South Asia. It will enhance border trade and strengthen mutual benefit exchanges with neighboring countries. As China’s international standing continues to rise, new economic strategies have emerged. Luosiwan has seized this historical opportunity and is a key part of the “Yunnan Bridgehead” strategy.

International and Regional Influence

Luosiwan gathers thousands of products in 18 major industries, including apparel, shoes, leather goods, small commodities, and home textiles. The market houses five major themed shopping centers, including the International Digital Cultural City, Tourism Shopping Center, Hotel Supplies City, International Fashion Center, and Overseas National Pavilions. Other commercial areas include a comprehensive trade hall, direct sales center, and premium brand shops. The international product showcase area features businesses from Thailand, Myanmar, Afghanistan, Nepal, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, and other countries, displaying their unique goods. This area satisfies the consumer demand for foreign products and promotes a deeper understanding of Southeast Asian and South Asian cultures.

Furthermore, the chamber of commerce for the eight South Asian countries and ten ASEAN countries have set up representative offices within the mall, facilitating business interactions, investment attraction, and product management. With the completion of the Pan-Asian Railway, the small commodity processing base has largely fulfilled Yunnan’s international trade role towards Southeast and South Asia. This will evolve into a full industrial chain model that integrates research and development, production, and sales, becoming a key export hub for trade between China and Pan-Asian countries, driving the rapid economic growth of Yunnan. (People’s Daily Evaluation)

The Longfengwan Shibanhe River Scenic Area (凤龙湾石板河风景区) is located approximately 120 kilometers from Kunming (昆明), about a two-hour drive. It features attractions often referred to as the “Little Three Gorges” and “Colorful Bay,” with a captivating waterfall cluster in the Shibanhe (石板河) gorge.

Overview

• Chinese Name: 凤龙湾石板河
• Location: Xundian Longfengwan Scenic Area (寻甸凤龙湾风景区)
• Distance from Kunming: Approximately 120 kilometers

Visitors to Longfengwan can explore stunning landscapes, including cascading waterfalls, serene forest paths, and the sounds of nature. The river-worn slate along the banks is smooth, inviting guests to walk barefoot along the stream.

Longfengwan is situated 14 kilometers from Xundian County (寻甸县) in Qixing Township (七星乡). To reach the scenic area, travelers can follow a dirt road south from Beidaying (北大营) for over ten kilometers. Although it forms a loop with Beidaying, all routes leading to the scenic area are in poor condition.

Legend of Longfengwan

The name Longfengwan is inspired by a touching Miao (苗族) legend. According to the tale, Miao elder Chilong (蚩龙) led his people southward to escape war. During their arduous journey, they ran out of supplies. In a moment of desperation, Chifeng (蚩凤), Chilong’s wife, used her milk to nourish the clan. However, as the number of mouths to feed increased, she resorted to using her own blood. Tragically, she collapsed, and the last drops of her blood and milk fell to the ground, transforming into a sweet, clear spring. This act of sacrifice saved her people, and the area was named “Longfengwan,” meaning “a happy home under a mother’s care” in Miao.

Adventures in Shibanhe

The heart of Longfengwan is the Shibanhe gorge, spanning just 4 kilometers. The flowing river connects various attractions such as Shimen Kai (石门开), Fengming Valley (凤鸣谷), Qilin Gorge (奇鳞峡), and Colorful Pool (五彩潭). The area is characterized by steep cliffs, unique rock formations, and blooming flowers year-round, alongside multiple waterfalls. Immersing oneself in this environment feels like stepping into a fantastical world, filled with landscapes that shift from open vistas to rugged terrains, echoing the enchanting tales of the Miao people.

Notable Features Along the Journey

Upon entering the scenic area through the Longfengwan Shibanhe Resort (凤龙湾石板河度假村), rows of bamboo houses on the hillside offer a perfect view of the surroundings. As visitors descend the stone steps, the sound of nearby waterfalls grows closer. This marks the beginning of the adventure in the unpredictable Shimen Kai, setting the stage for an extraordinary journey.

• Jinpen Yudie (金盆玉碟): The first scenic spot, featuring a stone beach where clear water flows over smooth stones, resembling shallow bowls and plates, creating a gentle waterfall that sparkles in sunlight.
• Fengchao Jinluan (凤巢金卵): A large stone nestled in a cave halfway up the mountain, believed to be the egg of a phoenix. Touching it is said to bring good fortune.
• Rende (仁德): A natural rock formation resembling a large stone carrying a smaller one, symbolizing selflessness and mutual assistance.
• Longxian Xianlu (龙涎仙露): A mountain spring trickling down the ravine, believed to cure ailments and filter through mountain vegetation, offering sweet water.

As visitors navigate the Nirvana Climb (涅槃之攀), they descend to the soul of Shimen Kai: the Longfeng Waterfall (龙凤飞瀑). Here, the landscape opens up to reveal a wide river with a dramatic drop, creating a stunning waterfall often referred to as Lover’s Falls due to its resemblance to a pair of dancing dragons and phoenixes.

Thrilling Exploration

After crossing Lover’s Falls, the narrow path weaves between rocky walls, with the water cascading down steep slopes. The oppressive rocky walls loom overhead, requiring careful navigation. Suddenly, an errant rock nearly collides with me, leading to a thrilling moment of adrenaline!

As the gate to Shimen opens, breathtaking scenery unfolds—lush shrubs and blooming flowers frame a winding path leading to Fengming Valley (凤鸣谷). This area is renowned for its fresh air, bird songs, and winding gorge, where visitors can sit in a small pavilion to enjoy the view.

Further along, the riverbed becomes visible due to low water levels, creating shallow areas perfect for wading. A large rock emerges from the center of the river, resembling a “giant turtle,” said to be the children of Chilong.

As I continue, I hear that we are nearing Jumang Chudong (巨蟒出洞). One of my companions spots a giant python’s head in the grass! According to Miao legends, it once preyed on children, but Chilong cut it in half, leading to its current form.

Opposite Jumang Chudong, a dense forest reveals rocky platforms at the mountain’s base, known as Mao Mao Ca Yang Chu (猫猫擦痒处)—a resting place for tigers, which locals say was created by the big cats.

The Fengshi Old Town Ruins (凤氏古城遗址) are located on the summit of Santai Mountain (三台山) in Mida Village (咪达拉村), Pingshan Town (屏山镇), Luquan County (禄劝县), Yunnan Province (云南省). This ancient fortress was established during the Song Dynasty (宋代) in the Dali Kingdom (云南大理国时期). It was destroyed during the Ming Dynasty (明代) in the Tianqi period (天启年间, 1621-1627) due to the Feng Ah Dai Rebellion (凤阿歹之乱), which was suppressed by government troops. Today, remnants of the city walls, which are one meter thick, stand up to four meters high and stretch around 360 meters in circumference. The core area of the ruins features a four-layer courtyard with three descending levels.

Historical Background

• Establishment Date: Established in the Song Dynasty (宋代)
• Destruction Date: Destroyed during the Ming Dynasty Tianqi period (天启年间, 1621-1627)
• Core Structure: Four-layer courtyard with three descending levels
• Cultural Heritage Status: Provincial, municipal, and county-level cultural protection unit

Geographical Environment

The Fengshi Old Town Ruins, once a stronghold of the Yi (彝族) ethnic group, have nearly been overtaken by weeds and shrubs. Numerous bricks, fragments of tiles, stone strips, and sculptures lie scattered among the overgrown vegetation. Among the collapsed ruins and nearby Feng family burial sites, multiple excavations and theft holes have appeared. Local villagers report that although the ruins have been designated as a cultural protection unit at various administrative levels, the protective signs have become illegible and ineffective due to lack of management. The site is left unmonitored and in disrepair, facing the risk of loss or destruction.

Location Details

• Address: Wuxing Road (五星路), Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County (禄劝彝族苗族自治县), Kunming City (昆明市)

Overview of the Ruins

This ancient Yi (彝族) mountain village site provides invaluable physical evidence for studying the political, economic, military, and cultural history of the Yi people from the Song to the Ming Dynasties. The fortress is constructed from rough stone blocks, with walls that are 1.5 meters thick, standing up to 2 meters in height, and enclosing an area with a circumference of 360 meters. The inner diameter measures 118 meters from north to south and 102 meters from east to west, arranged in a south-facing, descending four-layer courtyard.

Architectural Features

The main hall features a wall built with finely crafted stone strips and lime mortar, measuring one meter thick. The stone strips are one meter long, 0.2 meters thick, and 0.3 meters wide. The highest remaining mountain wall boasts 19 layers of lime mortar stones, reaching 4 meters high. The main hall follows a traditional Yi architectural style with five openings, six frames, and nine beams without columns. Surrounding the fortress are structures such as drying grounds, granaries, barracks, prisons, and water diversion facilities, forming a complete system for production and daily life.

The ruins are adorned with exquisite relief patterns on many stones, showcasing the architectural craftsmanship of the Yi people at that time.

Notable Artifacts

Near the winding path leading to the mountain summit, a massive boulder holds an unfinished artistic masterpiece known colloquially as the “Stone Man” (石大人) rock carvings. This cliff features two statues of heavenly kings: the right figure is the “Great Sage Mahākāla” (大圣摩诃迦罗大黑天神), and the left is the “Great Sage Northern Dǒu Wén Tiānwáng” (大圣北方多闻天王). These two figures are intricately linked, utilizing high and low relief techniques, with a well-composed design that reflects a majestic aesthetic. The grandeur of the hanging rock and the meticulously carved statues reflect the historical prominence of the Luo Wu (罗婺) region.

The entire ruins area is almost completely engulfed by weeds and shrubs, with numerous architectural fragments left to decay among the overgrown grass.

Introduction to Zanziyan Cliff Inscriptions

The Zanziyan Cliff Inscriptions (錾字岩摩崖石刻) are located on the west bank of the Zhangjiu River, north of Faming Village in Pingshan Town, Luquan County, Kunming. They consist of two Han Chinese inscriptions and one Yi script inscription. The two Han inscriptions, “Record of the Feng Family’s Hereditary Title of Governor” (武定军民府土官知府凤世袭脚色记) and “Genealogy of the Feng Family” (凤公世系), are noted for their accuracy and detail, providing more comprehensive information on several topics than historical texts like the “Ming History” (《明史土司传》), “Records of Local Officials” (《土官底薄》), “Yunnan Gazetteer” (《云南通志》), and various local histories of Wuding and Luquan. The Yi inscription, measuring 2 meters in width and 82 centimeters in height, contains 33 lines of text totaling 563 characters, framed with a double line of sunflower leaves. It primarily documents the lineage of the Luo Wu (罗婺部) chiefs over 350 years.

These inscriptions are among the key protected cultural relics in Yunnan, showcasing the best-preserved examples of Yi and Han inscriptions. They serve as invaluable resources for studying the local history of Luquan during the Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties, as well as for understanding the development of the Yi people’s history, language, art, and culture.

Historical Significance of the Inscriptions

Dating back over 400 years, the Yi script inscriptions at Zanziyan are among the most intact examples of Yi stone inscriptions today. They were left by the Feng family, local chieftains during the Song dynasty, who claimed to lead the Luo Wu tribe, known as “the dominant of the thirty-seven tribes.” This stone inscription provides important historical data for researching the political, economic, military, cultural, and religious aspects of ancient Yi society. According to the inscriptions, ancestor worship is a major ritual among the Yi people.

The “Genealogy of the Feng Family”

The “Genealogy of the Feng Family” (《凤公世系》) was inscribed by Xu Jin, the governor of Luquan, in the twelfth year of the Jiajing era of the Ming dynasty (1533 AD). It provides a thorough account, beginning from the reign of Emperor Xiaozong during the Chunxi era (1163–1189 AD) when the Heiquan clan conquered the Dali Kingdom’s King Duan Zhixing. The document continues through fourteen generations to the Jiajing period, detailing the political actions of the Feng family. The content reflects a quarter of the Song and Yuan dynasties’ political history and three-quarters of the Ming dynasty, particularly highlighting significant political events.

The inscription titled “Record of the Feng Family’s Hereditary Title of Governor” details the lineage of Feng Ying’s great-grandmother, Shang Sheng, who, along with her clan, pledged allegiance to the Ming dynasty. It chronicles over 130 years of family governance, royal tributes, and Feng Ying’s key political and military activities, providing vivid descriptions of events closely associated with Feng Ying’s life.

Yi Script Inscriptions at Zanziyan

The two Han inscriptions document credible historical facts, often with greater detail than texts like “Ming History” and various local histories, making them of high historical value.

The ancient Yi inscription (Feng Family Stele), also known as the “Stele of the Flourishing Luo Wu Era” (《罗婺盛世贤代碑》), is quite lengthy and is mentioned in the twelfth volume of the Luquan County Gazetteer. It states: “One inscription is in Cuàn script, untranslatable, suspected to be a translation of the Han script.” Legend has it that the Zanziyan stele contains hidden treasures left by the Feng chieftains. Those who understand the inscription are believed to be able to obtain vast amounts of gold and silver.

A local folktale recounts that during a hot summer, two traveling merchants, weary and thirsty, came upon a small temple at Zanziyan. One fell asleep and dreamt of an old woman who said, “To the right under the eaves, there’s a vat of silver you may take.” While his companion slept, he secretly dug up the silver. When the other woke and saw the fresh hole, he feigned sleep and heard a yellow oriole singing, “Seek silver, ask old Li across the way…” Delighted, he jumped up, found a silver vat beneath a plum tree, and word spread rapidly, bringing many to study the Yi inscriptions for hidden secrets.

Research and Analysis of the Inscriptions

After extensive research by Yi scholars, the mystery of the inscriptions was unraveled. The Yi inscriptions date back to the twelfth year of the Jiajing era (1533 AD) and were inscribed by ancestors Feng Awei and Feng Lai. The cliff measures 2 meters wide and 0.82 meters high, containing 124 phrases and 578 characters, bordered with a double line of sunflower leaves. The primary content chronicles the lineage of the Luo Wu tribe’s chief leaders over 350 years.

The inscriptions document the achievements of the Feng family, their military strength, and their responses to imperial commands, as well as their ancestor worship ceremonies. Notably, the records indicate that after each successful military campaign, a grand ancestral ceremony was held, a common trait among the four major ceremonies recorded.

Conclusion on Yi Ancestral Worship

The essence of Yi ancestral worship, referred to in their language as “Naime,” emphasizes gratitude to ancestors for their protection, recounting genealogy, and guiding the spirits home. During these ceremonies, all members of the same clan, regardless of status, have both the obligation and right to participate, generally occurring every thirteen years on auspicious days. In primitive religious beliefs, the soul’s immortality was paramount, leading to the concept of ancestor worship.

The Zanziyan Yi inscriptions reflect the Yi people’s belief that ancestral spirits protect their descendants, significantly linking warfare successes to ancestral blessings. Thus, Feng family ceremonies were expressions of gratitude and recognition of ancestral contributions to family prosperity. This broader understanding of Yi ancestral worship provides insights into their religious, cultural, and historical contexts, serving as a vital aspect of studying Yi society.

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