Overview

Xihu (西湖), also known as Eryuan Xihu (洱源西湖) or Dali Xihu (大理西湖), is located in the western part of Dengchuan Bazi in Eryuan County (洱源县), Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (大理白族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省). Nestled at the foot of Yunong Peak (云弄峰), the highest peak of Cangshan Mountain (苍山), it lies under the Fozhong Mountain (佛钟山) in the western part of Yousuo Town (右所镇). Xihu is over 40 kilometers from Dali Ancient City (大理古城), situated along the route from Dali to Lijiang (丽江).

Eryuan (洱源) is the source of the plateau pearl, Erhai Lake (洱海), which explains its name. Rich in natural resources, it has been praised as the “Land of Fish and Rice,” “Land of Plums,” “Land of Dairy Cows,” “Land of Hot Springs,” “Land of Orchids,” “Plateau Water Town,” and “Land of Suona” (唢呐之乡). Xihu is a national wetland park, a national AAA scenic area, and a provincial scenic spot in Yunnan. It is the second national wetland park in Yunnan, following the Yuanyang Hani Rice Terraces (元阳哈尼梯田), and the first natural national wetland park in Yunnan.

Geography and Features

Xihu is a freshwater lake situated on a plateau, covering an area of 5.5 square kilometers. It consists of three areas: Xihu, Jiangwei (江尾), and Luoping Mountain (罗平山), along with the Luosijiang (螺蛳江) scenic route. As a fault lake, it has an average depth of 1.8 meters and a maximum depth approaching 12 meters, making it an important water source for Erhai Lake.

Ecological Resources

The ecosystem of Xihu is remarkably diverse, featuring a natural ecological system that overlaps with artificial systems, including forest (shrub) areas, villages, farmlands, lakeside marshes, lake surfaces, and island villages. The wetland is home to unique fish species such as Erhai bighead carp (洱海大头鲤), gray loose-skin fish (灰裂腹鱼), and Dali loose-skin fish (大理裂腹鱼). It serves as a habitat for many wintering birds and hosts the largest population distribution of the rare purple swamphen (紫水鸡) in China.

Cultural Heritage

Xihu is home to six villages: Zhangjiadeng (张家登), Qingshuitang (清水塘), Dongdeng (东登), Zhongdeng (中登), Nandeng (南登), and Haitang (海塘), alongside an island, creating a picturesque landscape of villages within lakes and lakes within villages. In the Ming Dynasty, scholars like Yang Sheng’an (杨升庵), Li Yuanyang (李元阳), and Yang Nanjin (杨南金) often gathered for poetry and music on the lake.

In 1639, Xu Xiake (徐霞客) was enchanted by the beauty of Xihu, describing in his travel notes: “悠悠有江南风景，而外有四山环翠，觉西子湖又反出其下也。” (There are landscapes of Jiangnan, and outside are the four green mountains, reminiscent of the West Lake). In the Qing Dynasty, the scholar Yang Chengchun (杨承淳) praised the lake in his poetry: “湖光荡漾几回纹，渔父歌声闹水滨，信口舢敲湘汉句，断肠弄笛雁鸿云。”
(The lake’s surface ripples, the fisherman’s song stirs the waters, casually, a boat taps the verses of Xiang and Han, heartbreakingly, a flute plays the cries of wild geese.)

Bai Ethnic Cuisine

Visitors can savor authentic Bai (白族) cuisine at Xihu, including dishes like raw skin (生皮), lake-boiled fish (湖水煮活鱼), vegetable and bean soup (水菜豆米汤), claypot fish (砂锅鱼), stewed plums (炖梅), carved plums (雕梅), milk fan (乳扇), and three cups of tea (三道茶).

Transportation Guide

Xihu is located over 40 kilometers from Dali, along the route to Lijiang. Visitors can take a bus to Yuhu Town (玉湖镇) in Eryuan County and disembark at Yousuo Town, then walk north.

Recommended one-day itinerary: Dali — Eryuan County Town — Cibi Lake (茈碧湖) — Hot Springs — Dali (or onward to Jianchuan (剑川), Heqing (鹤庆), Lijiang, and Diqing (迪庆)).

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn are ideal for enjoying the natural beauty and cultural activities.
• Local Etiquette: Respect local customs, especially in Bai ethnic areas.
• Wildlife Watching: Bring binoculars for birdwatching, particularly in winter when migratory birds are present.
• Food Recommendations: Try local specialties and ensure dietary restrictions are communicated clearly to vendors.

How to Get There

Xihu can be accessed via public transport from Dali, and it is advisable to check local bus schedules. For those driving, follow the main route to Eryuan County, with clear signage along the way.

Overview

Yunnan Eryuan West Lake National Wetland Park (云南洱源西湖国家湿地公园) is a national-level wetland park located at the northern foot of Yunong Peak (云弄峰), one of the nineteen peaks of Cangshan Mountain (苍山), within the territory of Yousuo Town (右所镇), Eryuan County (洱源县), Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (大理白族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省). Situated at the source of Erhai Lake (洱海), it serves as an important source of water for Eryuan, belonging to the Lancang River (澜沧江) watershed.

The geographical coordinates of Yunnan Eryuan West Lake National Wetland Park are between 100°4′E and 100°45′E longitude, and 25°59′N and 26°21′N latitude. The park covers a total area of 1,354.07 hectares, with the lake surface at an elevation of 1,967.8 meters above sea level. The average water depth is 1.8 meters, with a maximum depth reaching 8.3 meters. It is classified as a fault lake, featuring six large islands and 88 smaller islands (at normal water levels).

Geographic Environment

Yunnan Eryuan West Lake National Wetland Park is uniquely positioned at the source of Erhai Lake, making it a vital ecological zone. The landscape comprises a rich diversity of natural ecosystems, including forests, shrubs, farmlands, lakeshores, marshes, lakes, islands, and villages. This variety creates a typical basin-lake structure that encapsulates all aspects of the region’s scenic diversity, including local customs, historical culture, fishing villages, island water towns, and geothermal hot springs.

Biodiversity

The wetland of Eryuan West Lake boasts rich biodiversity. A scientific investigation conducted by the Southwest Forestry University/National Plateau Wetland Research Center in 2009 documented the presence of 18 species of mammals, 16 species of reptiles, 14 species of amphibians, 26 species of fish, and 76 species of birds, with 39 of these being aquatic birds. Additionally, there are 306 species of vascular plants, including 115 wetland plants.

Among these, two species—wild water chestnut (Trapa ncise) and water lily (Ottelia acuminata)—are classified as nationally protected level II plants. Eight species of animals are also classified as nationally protected level II, including the tiger-striped frog (Rana rugulosa), common house gecko (Gekko gecko), gray goose (Anser anser), common buzzard (Buteo buteo), and others. The wetland is notable for its high conservation value, serving as the largest population distribution site in China for the rare purple swamphen (Porphyrio porphyrio) and a habitat for many wintering birds. Additionally, the outflow of the lake is a migratory route and spawning area for the unique Dali splitfin (Schizothorax taliensis).

Development and Establishment

In December 2009, the State Forestry Administration approved the pilot construction of the national wetland park. By December 2015, the park successfully passed the assessment and verification by the State Forestry Administration and was officially named Yunnan Eryuan West Lake National Wetland Park.

How to Get There

To reach Yunnan Eryuan West Lake National Wetland Park, visitors can travel to Eryuan County from Dali City (大理市). The best option is to take a bus from Dali to Yousuo Town. Upon arrival in Yousuo, follow the local signs to the wetland park.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn are ideal for enjoying the natural beauty and observing wildlife.
• What to Bring: Binoculars for birdwatching, a camera for photography, and appropriate clothing for outdoor activities.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying local dishes in nearby villages, particularly those featuring fresh fish and Bai ethnic specialties.
• Respect Nature: Follow park guidelines to protect the natural environment and wildlife.

With its rich biodiversity and stunning landscapes, Yunnan Eryuan West Lake National Wetland Park offers visitors a unique glimpse into the natural and cultural beauty of the region.

Location:

Miao Hui Master(妙慧法师A famous buddhist nun in China)said: Buddha need nothing, do not care about your incense, but care about your heart.

Usually if you come to Dali, the most popular attractions and things to do in Dali are Dali Old Town, Three Pagodas in Chongsheng Monastery, Erhai Lake and Cangshan Mountain, but very few people know  Jizhao nunnery.

Someone in Dali（大理）had recommended me to visit the Temple of Gantong (感通寺), which place fulls of silence and has a good scenery. There is a whole courtyard fulls of old tea plants which over hundreds of years old.

Thereupon, I drove there. But on the foot of the mountain, the car was not allowed up the hill. I had no chioce but took the unlicensed taxi in the scenic area which can charge as much as the drivers like. After a bargain, the deal was finally settled at 30 yuan. The diver was nice, he has been driving uphill along the winding road. Actually it was not so far, he said “How about I will bring you to the Jizhao nunnery (寂照庵)which on the top of Gantong Temple. So that you can visit one more place. Afterwards, you will get to the Gantong Temple after going down a few steps.”

So we got off at Jizhao nunnery and took a few steps up to the gate of the Monastery: “Is this the garden?” We could’t help screaming.

It was a real garden, a small yard, full of flowers that are all three-dimensionally stacked, and the sky was covered with flowers.

I’ve been traveling extensively for years, I have seen so many kind of temples at home and abroad. But I’ve never seen a monastery decorated like that. It was totally a parteree and a courtyard where the people can enjoy themselves. If you look carefully, you will know that it is still a monastery because the main shrine hall is still there, the Buddha and Bodhisattva who are worshiped still there.

Look at the flowers on the Buddha’s table, how detailed, elaborate, and beautiful!

The Jizhao nunnery (寂照庵) was too clean and tasteful, the whole mian hall was spotlessly clean. The monastery is not large, but everywhere showed the humanistic concept and elaborate planning and placement.

However, I soon discovered its difference from other monasteries. The incense was thought as the most important thing of Chinese Buddhism, but why was there notany sign of incense,? We can’t see it or smell it.

With this question, I found the temple’s host–Miaohui Master, and said that I was puzzled. Miao Hui Master said: “Buddha need nothing, do not care about yourincense, but care about your heart.”

She added that actually whether you offer incense to Buddha, even if you do more, it just expresses your respect for the Buddha. However, if you do not practice Buddhism, do not respect the Buddha, it’s useless to offer so much incense. Jizhao nunnery is also offering incense, there is a special place to offer incense in the front of the house. You can do it if you want, but Jizhao nunnery does not encourage people offer too much incense.

She said that there had three reasons why she discouraged to offer incense. First, when she went to the families who made the incense, she found the incense was made by the nomal saw dust. The environment was so terrible, the chickens and ducks ran about the saw dust, and even shited on it. Such incense was very irreverent to offer for Buddhism; Second, Jizhao nunnery was on the foot of CangShan Mountain, it was not suitable to use fire beacuse of the dense forest, it was dangerous even just burn incense; Third, the incense are made poorly now, it not only pollutes the environment, but also threaten the lives of microorganism. And this is contrary to the Buddhist’s benevolence.

Master Miaohui(妙慧法师) invited us enthusiaticly into the “reception room” for a cup of tea. Here we are greatly astonished. These decorations and furnishings seemed ordinary are full of appeal and wisdom. She told us that the house here was built with stone and the old wood that they asked from the downhill villager. The interior decoration was designed by a person from Hangzhou and was made entirely of old materials and a little bit of parcels. It seemed complicated, but it did not spend much money.

Miao Hui used home-made rose tea to entertain us and talked about her life and the construction of the monastery. She said that she was an eight-year-old girl when she became a monk and at the beginning, she was in the Gantong Temple which was in the foot of the hill. At that time, the mian task of her was took care of a 94-year-old nun. Afterwards, Jizhao nunnery revived. It has been forty years since she set up the monastery with others and held it.

Jizhao nunnery, the name from “Feeling and then pass, silent as a warning,” nestled in the ancient cypress at the foot of Cangshan Mountain in Dali. Miao Hui said that these plants and flowers in the yard are planted with them by her leading. Decades of cultivation have made such great achievement. Not only planting flowers and plants, her greatest achievement was that to plant succulents. The temple is full of plants planted by potting, soil, hanging, and even the crevices in the walls are full of vitality.

Many women come here and even want to stay because there are too many flowers, so warm environment, so elegant courtyard. It was popular and praised by the visitors, Jizhao nunnery is even honored as “the most petty bourgeoisie temple in China” and “the most beautiful nunnery”.

As we chatted, more and more people gathered outside. Turning out to be that theyeat at the monastery and waited for it early. There are many places for vegetarian food(斋饭). How can it be so hot here? It seems that many people came to Jizhao nunneryfor this meal.

Jizhao nunnery’s vegetarian meal was 20 yuan for one person. There were many dishes and it was very tasty which was done with heart. Everyone was were full of praise for it and it was added again and again.

You can do anything if you do it by heart. Miao Hui master practice the mind and dedicate the mind to the Buddha; she plants flowers and grass and care for the monastery, she also to serve a vegetarian meal for everyone. This is the best place to experience the life of the monastery and this is the place smriti Dharma heritage.

Miao Hui Master blended Buddhist and aesthetics together and combined the practice of self-cultivation with the demonstration of Buddhism. She devoted her efforts and wisdom in it and winning praise and hearts. Flowers and grass do not speak, the Buddha can’t speak, but he can feel the love and feelings of Master Miao Hui’s. This is a is really warm temple is full of Buddhist.

Dali’s Jizhao nunnery in the Yunnan province（云南省） is the most beautiful nunnery in China!

Chinese Source: https://www.sohu.com/a/144631402_115118/

Overview

Daoyipang Fishing Village (岛依旁村) is part of the Dajianpang Administrative Village (大建旁行政村) in Shuanglang Town (双廊镇), Dali City (大理市), Yunnan Province (云南省). Located in the basin area, it lies south of the town, 0.5 kilometers from the village committee and 1.5 kilometers from Shuanglang Town, at an elevation of 1,975 meters. The village has an average annual temperature of 15°C and receives about 1,080 millimeters of precipitation per year. The village primarily relies on fishing for income, lacking agricultural land.

Daoyipang Fishing Village is situated opposite Nanzhao Style Island (南诏风情岛), with a lively atmosphere despite its smaller sea view compared to Dajianpang. The village has preserved its traditional charm without succumbing to commercialization, making it a tranquil and picturesque destination. In the evenings, the absence of streetlights contributes to its peaceful ambiance, with several barbecue stalls available for visitors to enjoy grilled food by the seaside.

Geographic Environment

Daoyipang Fishing Village sits at an altitude of approximately 1,975 meters, offering stunning views of the surrounding landscape. The village’s accommodations feature unique lodgings, primarily brick and wooden structures. It neighbors the national 4A scenic spot, Nanzhao Style Island, known for its beautiful natural scenery.

Best Season to Visit

The region experiences a low-latitude highland monsoon climate, making it suitable for year-round visits. Spring features moderate temperatures and enchanting scenery; summer is perfect for escaping the heat; autumn showcases clear blue skies and less rainfall; and winter provides cozy sunshine that enhances the pleasant atmosphere.

Suggested Duration of Stay

It is recommended to spend a day exploring Daoyipang Fishing Village to fully appreciate its beauty and tranquility.

Demographics

According to available data, the village has 60 households, with a total population of 193, including 113 males and 81 females. The labor force consists of 120 individuals, predominantly from the Bai ethnic group (白族). Healthcare is primarily provided by a village clinic located 0.5 kilometers from the village committee and a town hospital 1.5 kilometers away. The village has two designated garbage collection sites.

Location

Daoyipang Fishing Village is located between Nanzhao Style Island and Dajianpang Village, adjacent to Erhai Lake (洱海). It serves as an excellent spot for watching sunsets while retaining its traditional fishing village charm.

Transportation

1. Bus: Take a bus from Dali North Bus Station (大理汽车客运北站) to Dajianpang Village (大建旁村) in Shuanglang Town. Buses run approximately every 40 minutes, with a journey time of about 1 hour and a fare of around 15 RMB.
2. Rideshare: Look for rideshares in the ancient town or near Erhai Gate (洱海门), with typical fares ranging from 15 to 30 RMB per person.
3. Hailing a Bus: You can also hail a bus heading to Shuanglang on Dali Road (大丽路), which leads toward the lake, and disembark at the intersection for Dajianpang Village. Then, walk to Daoyipang Fishing Village.

Entrance Fees

For specific details about admission fees, please consult the scenic area management.

Opening Hours

The village is open all day for visitors.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn are ideal for pleasant weather and beautiful views.
• What to Bring: A camera for capturing stunning landscapes, comfortable walking shoes, and snacks for enjoying by the lake.
• Local Cuisine: Try local barbecue options along the seaside for a delightful dining experience.
• Respect the Environment: Maintain the village’s tranquility by being mindful of noise and litter.

Daoyipang Fishing Village offers a serene retreat with its stunning views, traditional culture, and warm hospitality, making it an inviting destination for travelers seeking peace and natural beauty.

Overview

Yindu Shuixiang Water Town (银都水乡) is located in Xinhua Village (新华村), Dali Prefecture (大理州), Yunnan Province (云南省). It is a national 4A scenic area, characterized by its unique blend of silver artistry and water town charm. This area is the largest ethnic handicraft processing base and tourist merchandise distribution center in Southwest China.

Xinhua Village is predominantly inhabited by the Bai ethnic group (白族), renowned for its traditional craftsmanship in gold, silver, and copper. The village has earned the titles of “Hometown of Chinese Folk Art” and “Chinese Folk Culture Village.” It is conveniently situated 128 kilometers from Dali Ancient Town (大理古城), 39 kilometers from Lijiang (丽江), and 12 kilometers from Lijiang Airport (丽江机场). In 2010, the area welcomed 2.35 million visitors, generating over 1 billion RMB in tourism revenue.

The scenic area features a central street called Ethnic Hundred Arts Street (民族百艺三市街), showcasing Bai architectural styles, and includes a variety of handicrafts, local snacks, ethnic costumes, bars, and tea houses. Additionally, it houses the first professional silver museum in China, the Yunnan Silver Museum (云南银器博物馆), which boasts a collection of over 2,000 precious silver artifacts dating from the Tang and Song dynasties to the present.

Key Information

• Chinese Name: 银都水乡
• Opening Hours: Year-round, Monday to Sunday, 08:00 – 22:00
• Scenic Level: National AAAA Level (国家AAAA级)
• Total Area: 16.88 square kilometers
• Total Population: 5,227

Village Introduction

Xinhua Village was recognized by the Ministry of Culture in 2000 as the “Hometown of Chinese Folk Art” and designated as a “Chinese Folk Culture Village” by the China Village Development Promotion Association in the same year. In July 2001, it was rated a national 2A scenic area by the National Tourism Administration. In August 2004, it was awarded the title of “Civilized Unit” by the Yunnan Provincial Party Committee and Government. In December 2009, it was designated as a national 4A scenic area.

Xinhua Village is located 128 kilometers south of Dali Ancient Town, 39 kilometers north of Lijiang, and 12 kilometers from Lijiang Airport. The village comprises 1,157 households with a population of 5,280, of which 98.5% are Bai. There are 1,062 households and 4,779 individuals engaged in traditional handicrafts, representing 92% of the total households and 93% of the total population. In 2010, Xinhua Village received 2.35 million visitors, with tourism revenue exceeding 1 billion RMB.

Development

Ethnic Hundred Arts Street

The Ethnic Hundred Arts Street is located at the heart of the scenic area. It features traditional Bai architecture and gathers various ethnic handicrafts, local delicacies, ethnic costumes, bars, and tea houses, making it a popular spot for visitors. This street stands out as one of the most vibrant attractions within the scenic area.

Yunnan Silver Museum

The scenic area also hosts the Yunnan Silver Museum, the first specialized silver museum in the country. The museum showcases over 2,000 valuable silver artifacts from the Tang and Song dynasties to the present, highlighting the historical development of silver craftsmanship in Shizhaizi (石寨子). The collection includes ornaments, utensils, and religious items, reflecting the rich cultural heritage of the Chinese nation and the unique characteristics of various ethnic groups in Yunnan, forming a treasure trove of world culture and ethnic heritage.

How to Get There

1. By Bus: From Dali (大理), take a bus to Heqing County (鹤庆县), which runs frequently. The journey takes about 1.5 to 2 hours.
2. From Lijiang: You can also take a bus from Lijiang to Heqing, which is approximately 1 hour away.
3. By Car: If you prefer driving, Xinhua Village is easily accessible via well-maintained roads from either Dali or Lijiang.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The area is beautiful year-round, but spring and autumn offer the most pleasant weather.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying the local Bai delicacies available in the eateries along Ethnic Hundred Arts Street.
• Shopping: Look for unique ethnic handicrafts and silver items as souvenirs.
• Respect Local Culture: Engage respectfully with the local customs and traditions to enhance your travel experience.

Yindu Shuixiang Water Town offers a rich cultural experience, showcasing the artistry and traditions of the Bai people in a scenic setting, making it an ideal destination for cultural enthusiasts and nature lovers alike.

Overview

Erhaiyue Wetland Park (洱海月湿地公园) was constructed by Dali City (大理市) to protect Mother Lake Erhai (洱海) and is known for its beautiful scenery. Construction began in 2011 and is still ongoing, though much of the park is already open to the public. As of August 2012, Dali City has actively returned land to the lake, restored forests, and rehabilitated wetlands, achieving ecological restoration of 58 kilometers along the shores of Erhai Lake. The park spans 10,000 acres and features ecological wetlands such as Luoshijiang (罗时江), Caicun (才村), Xihewan (下河湾), and Erhaiyue. In addition, 2,500 acres of artificial afforestation have been completed, with 55,000 acres of forest under protection.

The region around Erhai Lake is dotted with numerous wetland parks, which not only reduce the encroachment of production activities on the lake and threats to its ecological functions but also provide a pleasant retreat for residents seeking leisure, recreation, and cultural activities.

Key Information

• Chinese Name: 洱海月湿地公园
• Affiliation: Dali City (大理市)
• Artificial Afforestation: 2,500 acres
• Forest Protection: 55,000 acres
• Construction Start Year: 2011
• Opening Hours: Year-round, Monday to Sunday, 00:00 – 24:00

Development History

Dali City invested in the construction of this wetland ecological park to protect Erhai Lake. The park’s construction began in 2011 and is still in progress. Most parts of the park are open to the citizens of Dali. By August 2012, significant steps were taken to restore the lake, including ecological restoration along 58 kilometers of the lakeshore, the establishment of several ecological wetlands, and extensive afforestation efforts.

Geographic Environment

Erhaiyue Wetland Park extends north from Xiaguan (下关), along the western shore of Erhai Lake. The wetland park is located 50 meters above the Erhai Love Music Fountain at the Dali National Fitness Center.

Significance of the Scenic Area

Within the Erhai watershed, various wetland parks have been established, significantly reducing the impact of industrial activities on the lake’s ecology. This not only contributes to the ecological preservation of Erhai but also enhances the city’s image as a tourist destination, providing a beautiful living environment for the residents of Dali.

The park is a key component of the lakeside ecological corridor project in southern Erhai, implemented by Dali Prefecture’s Shanshui Investment Company. The completion of the restoration work at Erhaiyue Wetland Park marks a significant achievement in the integrated protection and restoration project of the Erhai watershed.

Ecological Importance

Since its inception, the restoration of Erhaiyue Wetland Park has drawn considerable attention. The project aims to restore the natural ecological functions of the wetlands and improve the overall environmental quality of Erhai Lake. Visitors can enjoy enhanced visual aesthetics and a seamless visual connection with the lake, as the park offers breathtaking views of Erhai’s vast waters.

The carefully designed vegetation layout provides visitors with a multi-layered viewing experience, enhancing the connection between people and nature. Moreover, as an integral part of the Erhai ecosystem, the park plays an irreplaceable role in improving water quality by employing natural purification mechanisms, such as vegetation absorption, soil filtration, and microbial degradation, to intercept and purify pollutants from land.

Accessibility

1. By Bus: Public buses frequently operate from Dali City to the park area, making it easily accessible.
2. By Car: The park is conveniently located for those driving, with clear signage and routes leading to it.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn provide the most pleasant weather for outdoor activities.
• What to Bring: Sunscreen, comfortable shoes for walking, and a camera to capture the stunning views.
• Local Attractions: Explore the nearby cultural sites and enjoy local cuisine in Dali City after visiting the park.
• Respect Nature: Follow park rules and guidelines to preserve the natural environment for future visitors.

Erhaiyue Wetland Park serves as a beautiful ecological and recreational space, enhancing the natural beauty of Erhai Lake while providing residents and tourists with a serene escape to enjoy nature.

Overview

Haidong Town (Haidong zhen, 海东镇) is located in the eastern part of Dali City (Dali shi, 大理市), within the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (Dali Bai zu Zi zhi zhou, 大理白族自治州) in Yunnan Province (Yunnan sheng, 云南省). It borders Binchuan County (Binchuan xian, 宾川县) to the east, Fengyi Town (Fengyi zhen, 风仪镇) to the south, faces Erhai Lake (Erhai Hu, 洱海) to the west, and connects with Wase Town (Wase zhen, 挖色镇) to the north. The administrative area covers 128 square kilometers. According to the seventh national census, as of November 1, 2020, the permanent population was 32,411.

Historical Development

Haidong has a long history, with the Bai ethnic group (Bai zu, 白族) settling here over 4,000 years ago. From the Yuan (Yuan dynasty, 元朝) to the early Ming Dynasty (Ming dynasty, 明朝), it was part of Taihe County (Taihe xian, 太和县). In 1987, it was renamed Haidong Township (Haidong xiang, 海东乡), and in 2001 it was upgraded to a town. As of June 2020, Haidong Town administers eight villages, with the town government located in Xiangyang Village (Xiangyang cun, 向阳村).

Key Events in History

• 1494: Established Binchuan Prefecture (Binchuan zhou, 宾川州), transferring from Taihe County.
• 1727: Divided into Haidong Li (海东里) and Nancang Li (曩村里).
• 1940: Established Wenlong Township (Wenlong xiang, 文龙乡) under Binchuan.
• 1984: Established Haidong District (Haidong qu, 海东区) in Dali City.
• 2001: Converted from township to town.

Geographic Environment

Haidong Town is situated at the southern end of the Hengduan Mountains (Hengduan shan, 横断山脉) and the northern edge of the Ailao Mountains (Ailao shan, 哀牢山), characterized by its mountainous and hilly terrain. The region features karst topography interspersed with valleys and flood plains, with elevations ranging from 1,965.5 meters at Erhai Lake to 2,700 meters in Shangdeng Village (Shangdeng cun, 上登村).

Topography

The landscape is marked by three mountain ranges surrounding a valley, resembling a “凹” shape. The area features various microclimates due to the elevation differences, creating a rich biodiversity.

Climate

Haidong has a subtropical semi-arid climate, with an average annual temperature of 15.4°C. The coldest month is January (average 8.5°C), and the hottest month is July (average 28.5°C). The region has an average of 256 frost-free days and an annual rainfall of 1,078.9 mm, mostly occurring from May to October.

Hydrology

Major rivers include Shibeiqing (Shibeiqing, 石碑箐) and Laotaiqing (Laotaiqing, 老太箐), flowing into Erhai Lake, with a total length of 54 kilometers. Each plain has a primary river channel leading to the lake, and the coastline stretches for 22 kilometers.

Transportation

Haidong Town features a transportation network comprising railways, roads, and waterways. In 2011, it handled 480,000 passenger trips and 23,000 tons of freight. Key routes include the Dali Airport Road (Dali Jichang lu, 大理机场路), Dali Railway (Dali tielu, 大丽铁路), and major highways connecting the town.

Transportation Options

• By Air: Dali Airport (Dali Jichang, 大理机场) is the nearest airport, offering domestic flights.
• By Train: Dali Railway (Dali tielu, 大丽铁路) connects to major cities in Yunnan.
• By Road: Buses and taxis are available for local travel, with well-maintained highways.

Cultural Significance

Name Origin

Haidong Town derives its name from its location east of Erhai Lake (Erhai Hu, 洱海), symbolizing the region’s cultural and geographical identity.

Honors

• On September 11, 2019, Haidong Town was listed among the “Top 50 Towns with Comprehensive Competitiveness in Western China” for 2018.
• In October 2019, it was recognized as one of the “Top 1,000 Towns with Comprehensive Strength” in the country.

Notable Figures

• Dong Jialuo (董伽罗尤): A fisherman from Xiangyang Village who became a national teacher under the Nanzhao Kingdom (南诏).
• Li Jiayan (李嘉言): A scholar from the Ming Dynasty who served as a magistrate.
• Li Gengchang (李根长): A military official who served during the Qing Dynasty and was honored posthumously.
• Li Yingde (李映德): Former vice governor of Dali Prefecture who held significant government roles.

Attractions

Key Attractions

• Wase Town (Wase zhen, 挖色镇): Known for its scenic beauty, hiking trails, and cultural experiences.
• Xiaopu Island (Xiaopu dao, 小普陀): A picturesque spot in Erhai Lake, popular for boat rides and photography.
• Erhai Lake (Erhai Hu, 洱海): Offers stunning views and activities like cycling and fishing.
• Cangshan Mountain (Cangshan shan, 苍山): Provides opportunities for trekking and exploring diverse flora and fauna.

Cultural Experiences

Visitors can explore Bai culture (Bai zu, 白族) through local festivals, traditional crafts, and cuisine, particularly during major festivals when the community celebrates with music and dance.

Travel Information

How to Get There

Haidong Town can be reached via major highways connecting Dali City and surrounding areas. Dali Airport (Dali Jichang, 大理机场) is the nearest airport, and trains operate along the Dali Railway (Dali tielu, 大丽铁路). Regular bus services also connect Haidong with major towns and attractions in the region.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) are ideal for pleasant weather.
• Local Cuisine: Try Bai dishes, such as “Crossing the Bridge Noodles” (过桥米线) and local mushroom dishes.
• Cultural Respect: Be mindful of local customs and practices, especially in rural areas.
• Outdoor Activities: Bring appropriate gear for hiking and outdoor exploration, as trails can be rugged.

Overview

Kuixingge Pavilion (Kuíxīnggé, 魁星阁) is a traditional architectural marvel located in Shuanglang Village (Shuāngláng Cūn, 双廊村), Dali City (Dàlǐ Shì, 大理市). It was built in the third year of the Guangxu Era (1877) and was renovated in the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935). This three-story wooden structure, featuring three bays and a gabled roof, covers a total width of 9.75 meters and a depth of 9.8 meters, supported by 36 ground pillars.

Architectural Features

The pavilion is known for its impressive proportions and exquisite design. The middle bay measures 3.2 meters wide, while the side bays each measure 2.4 meters. An inscription on the main ridge reads, “In the 24th year of the Republic of China, the year of the pig, during the Qinghe month, on the auspicious day.” The pavilion’s sturdy construction utilizes high-quality materials, with elegantly carved brackets, headers, and decorative panels, largely preserving the architectural style from the Republic of China era.

Cultural Significance

Kuixing (Kuíxīng, 魁星) is a deity in Chinese mythology believed to govern the success of literature and scholarship. The pavilion embodies the essence of traditional Chinese architecture, showcasing the artistic beauty of wooden structures. The striking eaves and the harmonious proportions reflect the elegance of ancient building techniques.

History

Originally built in 1877, the pavilion stands as a testament to the historical significance of Shuanglang during the Qing Dynasty. It offers insights into the architectural heritage and cultural practices of the region.

Attractions in the Area

1. Erhai Lake (Érhǎi Hú, 洱海) – A picturesque lake known for its stunning views and recreational activities.
2. Shuanglang Village (Shuāngláng Cūn, 双廊村) – A charming village with traditional architecture and a vibrant local culture.
3. Cangshan Mountain (Cāngshān, 苍山) – A scenic mountain range offering hiking trails and breathtaking landscapes.
4. Dali Ancient City (Dàlǐ Gǔchéng, 大理古城) – A historical site featuring ancient architecture and rich culture.

How to Get There

• By Bus: Take a bus from Dali North Bus Station (Dàlǐ Qū Kè Yùn Běi Zhàn, 大理汽车客运北站) to Shuanglang Town (Shuāngláng Zhèn, 双廊镇). Buses depart approximately every 40 minutes, and the journey takes about 1 hour, with a ticket price of around 15 yuan.

Travel Tips

• Visiting Hours: Open all day from January 1 to December 31.
• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn offer the best weather and scenic beauty.
• Photography: Capture the intricate architectural details but be respectful of local customs.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying local specialties available in nearby eateries.

Overview

The Gongchen Tower (拱辰楼) in Weishan Old Town (巍山古城), Dali (大理), was originally the north gate tower of the Menghua Weicheng fortress. It was built in the 23rd year of the Hongwu period (1390 AD) of the Ming Dynasty (明朝), originally featuring three stories. During repairs in the 2nd year of the Yongli period (1648 AD), it was modified to two stories. On January 3, 2015, the tower was severely damaged by fire.

• Chinese Name: 巍山拱辰楼
• Year Established: 明洪武二十三年 (1390年)
• Height: 16 meters
• Depth: 15.7 meters
• Structure: Wooden construction
• Location: 云南巍山 (Yunnan Weishan)
• Cultural Heritage Status: Provincial-level cultural heritage protection unit

Geographic Location

Weishan (巍山) is a national historical and cultural city and the birthplace of the Nanzhao Kingdom (南诏国). The Gongchen Tower is located in the Nanzhao Town (南诏镇) of Weishan County, Yunnan, and serves as one of the iconic structures of the ancient town, designated as a national key cultural relic protection unit.

Architectural Structure

Originally part of the Menghua Weicheng fortress, the Gongchen Tower is a significant architectural relic of the Ming Dynasty. It features a double-eave hipped roof style with a width of 25.76 meters and a height of 16 meters. The tower is supported by 28 sturdy columns, surrounded by corridors, and constructed atop a brick wall measuring 47.1 meters long, 26.6 meters wide, and 8.1 meters high. The entire structure boasts a majestic appearance, with the roof’s eaves extending out slightly.

Upon reaching the top floor, visitors can enjoy breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape, including the cascading mountains to the east, the famous Wobao Mountain and Wenbi Tower to the south, the Guajiang River to the west, and the snow-capped Cangshan Mountain to the north.

Prominent plaques hang beneath the southern eaves: the “Kuixiong Liuzhao” (魁雄六诏) plaque and the “Wanli Zhantian” (万里瞻天) plaque, showcasing calligraphy that exudes power and grace. The Gongchen Tower, preserved remarkably well, has become an emblem of Weishan’s historical and cultural heritage and was listed as a provincial-level cultural heritage protection unit in 1993.

Historical Evolution

• 1390 AD: Construction of the Gongchen Tower begins.
• 1648 AD: The three-story structure is modified to two stories during repairs.
• 1771 AD: A plaque commemorating the status of the Nanzhao Kingdom is installed.
• 1785 AD: Another plaque expresses the relationship between Nanzhao and Central China.

Fire Incident

At 2:49 AM on January 3, 2015, a fire broke out in the Gongchen Tower. Despite efforts to extinguish the flames, by 4:48 AM, the tower was significantly damaged, although no casualties or damage to surrounding residential buildings occurred. The area burned was approximately 300 square meters. An investigation into the cause revealed that electrical faults ignited combustible materials, leading to the fire’s spread.

Causes of the Fire

Following the incident, the Dali Prefecture government established a fire accident investigation team. Their investigations ruled out various potential causes, including lightning strikes and human negligence. It was determined that the fire originated from electrical wiring issues.

Aftermath and Reflections

The Gongchen Tower, having been recognized as a provincial-level cultural heritage site since 1994, faced challenges in preservation, including its transformation into a commercial tea house in 2010 to cater to tourists. Despite local opposition, it became a venue for showcasing Nanzhao culture until the fire incident in 2015 led to its closure.

Getting There

To reach Weishan and the Gongchen Tower, visitors can fly into Dali Airport (大理机场) and take a taxi or local transport to Weishan County. It’s approximately a one-hour drive from Dali.

Travel Tips

1. Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn offer pleasant weather for exploring the ancient town.
2. Cultural Etiquette: Respect local customs and traditions, especially in cultural sites.
3. Photography: Early mornings and late afternoons provide the best lighting for photography.
4. Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying local dishes in Weishan, which reflect its rich cultural heritage.

Overview

Majiuyi Village (马久邑村, Mǎjiùyì Cūn) is a Bai ethnic village located on the western shore of Erhai Lake (洱海, Èrhǎi) in Dali City (大理市, Dàlǐ Shì), Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng). With the ongoing development of tourism in Dali, many investors have recognized the village’s unique mountain and lake views. Since 2013, a row of hotels and inns has sprung up along the shores of Erhai Lake, gradually forming a linear cluster of accommodations. This development has made Majiuyi Village a shining pearl among the villages on the western shore of Erhai Lake, alongside Longkan Village (龙龛村, Lóngkān Cūn), Cai Village (才村, Cái Cūn), Panxi Village (磻溪村, Pánxī Cūn), and Taoyuan Village (桃源村, Táoyuán Cūn).

Notable Hotels and Inns

The area features popular hotels such as Haiqi No. 7 (海栖七号, Hǎiqī Qī Hào), Yunqi (云起, Yúnqǐ), Yunshui Xiaozhu (云水小筑, Yúnshuǐ Xiǎozhù), Haitian Zhi Lian (海天之恋, Hǎitiān Zhī Liàn), Shanshui Qingju (山水清居, Shānshuǐ Qīngjū), and Wushe (无舍, Wúshè) to the south, and Yuntu (云途, Yúntú), Haizhi Yu (海之语, Hǎizhī Yǔ), Yinhua (茵画, Yīnhuà), and Muxi (木西, Mùxī) to the north. These hotels market “sea-view rooms” and have become increasingly popular due to their appearances in films and television series like Heart Releases Road (心发路放).

Geographic Location

• Administrative Division: Dali City, Yunnan Province
• Region: Yinqiao Town (银桥镇, Yínqiáo Zhèn)
• Adjacent Villages: Majiuyi Village, Panxi Village
• Government Seat: Yinqiao
• Telephone Area Code: 0872
• Population: Approximately 3,685 residents
• Dialect: Local Bai dialect

Population and Health

Majiuyi Village consists of 878 households with a total population of 3,785, including 1,887 males and 1,898 females. The agricultural population stands at 3,785, with a labor force of 1,926. As of the end of 2011, 1,600 villagers participated in rural social pension insurance, while 3,670 were enrolled in rural cooperative medical care. Medical services are primarily provided by the village clinic, which is located 1.5 kilometers from the village committee and 5.5 kilometers from the town hospital.

Name Origin

The Bai language name originally was “Longjiuyi” (龙久邑), meaning “Land of the Dragon.” However, feudal rulers believed that the characters for “dragon” and “phoenix” were reserved for emperors, so they changed it to “Majiuyi.”

Historical Development

• Before liberation, the village belonged to Guizhou Township (桂楼乡, Guìlóu Xiāng) in Dali County (大理县, Dàlǐ Xiàn).
• After liberation, it was part of Dali County’s Third District in 1950.
• In 1953, it became part of Sanyang Township (三阳乡, Sānyáng Xiāng).
• In 1958, it was designated as a management area under Taihe Commune (太和公社, Tàihé Gōngshè).
• In 1962, it became Majiuyi Commune (马久邑小公社, Mǎjiùyì Xiǎo Gōngshè) in Yinqiao District (银桥区, Yínqiáo Qū).
• In 2001, it officially became Majiuyi Village under Yinqiao Town, and has remained so ever since.

Surrounding Attractions

Nearby attractions include:

• Dali Ancient City (大理古城, Dàlǐ Gǔchéng)
• Three Pagodas of Chongsheng Temple (崇圣寺三塔, Chóngshèng Sì Sān Tǎ)
• Erhai Lake (洱海, Èrhǎi)
• Nanzhao Folk Island (南诏风情岛, Nánzhāo Fēngqíng Dǎo)
• Xizhou Ancient Town (喜洲古镇, Xǐzhōu Gǔzhèn)
• Shuanglang Artistic Town (双廊艺术小镇, Shuāngláng Yìshù Xiǎozhèn)

Local specialties include Yunnan’s Tuocha tea (沱茶, Tuóchá), Bai ethnic tie-dye (扎染, Zhārǎn), Dali’s single-clove garlic (独头大蒜, Dútóu Dàsuàn), Dengchuan beef (邓川牛, Dèngchuān Niú), Bai’s Xizhou pancakes (喜洲粑粑, Xǐzhōu Bābā), and Dali marble (大理石, Dàlǐ Shí). Cultural customs of the Bai include Raosānling (绕三灵, Ràosān Lìng), Bai embroidery (刺绣, Cìxiù), tie-dye techniques, the Torch Festival (火把节, Huǒbǎ Jié), and the colorful painting of Bai houses.

How to Get There

Majiuyi Village can be accessed by public transport from Dali Ancient City. Buses and taxis are readily available, making the village easily reachable. The journey takes approximately 30 minutes.

Travel Tips

• Accommodation: Consider booking a hotel with a sea view for a memorable stay.
• Dining: Sample local Bai cuisine in nearby eateries.
• Cultural Etiquette: Be respectful of local customs and traditions, especially during cultural festivals.
• Explore Nearby Attractions: Allow time to visit nearby historical and cultural sites for a fuller experience of Dali’s rich heritage.

Overview

The Dali Rural Film History Museum (Dali Zhou Dianying Dang’anguan, 大理州电影档案馆/大理中国农村电影历史博物馆) is located at 459 Fuxing Road, Dali Ancient City, Yunnan Province, China. It officially opened in 2011, established by the Dali Prefecture Party Committee and Government to preserve, display, and enhance Dali’s rural film culture. The museum was transformed from the original Dali Cinema, maintaining its historical appearance while enriching the cultural essence of the ancient city and promoting tourism.

Key Information

• Chinese Name: 大理农村电影历史博物馆
• Location: 459 Fuxing Road, Dali Ancient City, Yunnan Province, China
• Type: State-owned specialized film museum
• Opening Date: April 17, 2011
• Visiting Hours: Daily from 9:00 AM to 10:00 PM
• Investment: Over 9.5 million RMB
• Collection Size: 6,914 items
• Exhibition Area: 1,252.05 square meters

Historical Development

The museum is the first specialized film museum in Yunnan and the first in the country dedicated to rural film history. In February 2011, the local government invested over 8 million RMB to renovate the old cinema, reinforcing its structure and surroundings. It officially opened during the “March Street” Ethnic Festival in April 2011.

Architectural Layout

The museum covers a total investment of approximately 8 million RMB, divided into several exhibition areas: the introductory hall, large film screening equipment display area, rural film screening scene recreation area, premium film display and costume exhibit area, and an old film screening experience zone. It highlights the century-long history of film screening in Dali through various exhibits including vintage photos, film posters, and original film equipment.

Exhibits

Starting in late 2010, the museum began collecting exhibits through purchase, donations, and loans, gathering over 6,200 items. The collection includes items from the silent film era to modern films such as “Five Golden Flowers” (五朵金花), showcasing Dali’s film history and its rich cultural context.

Cultural Activities

“Five Golden Flowers” remains a significant cultural emblem for Dali, with its theme song “By the Butterfly Spring” resonating through generations. Cast members often gather at the museum to reflect on their experiences, connecting deeply with the local culture.

Notable Quotes and Moments

• “Dali is a place where film lives forever; culture is eternal!” — Chen Kaige, renowned director.

Events and Collaborations

In April 2016, the museum hosted the “Cross-Strait Film Exhibition Week,” gathering artists and scholars to discuss the impact of minority films in Yunnan and Taiwan. This initiative has fostered cultural exchange and promoted the development of minority films globally.

Value and Impact

The museum serves as an essential cultural project, enhancing tourism while preserving historical film culture. It has hosted over 300,000 visitors and screened over 2,000 public films, enriching the daily cultural life of the community.

How to Get There

The museum is easily accessible by public transportation from Dali’s city center. Visitors can take local buses or taxis directly to Fuxing Road. For those driving, ample parking is available nearby.

Travel Tips

• Plan Ahead: Check the museum’s schedule for special events or screenings.
• Guided Tours: Consider joining a guided tour for deeper insights into exhibits.
• Local Cuisine: Explore local restaurants in the ancient city after your visit for a complete experience of Dali’s culture.

Overview

Jianggong Temple, located at 123 Yuer Road (玉洱路), Dali Ancient Town (大理古城), is dedicated to the worship of Jiang Zonghan (蒋宗汉), a military leader of the Qing Dynasty (清朝). It is one of the best-preserved Qing Dynasty ancestral halls featuring Bai ethnic (白族) architectural characteristics. The Dali Intangible Cultural Heritage Museum (大理非物质文化遗产博物馆) was expanded and reconstructed based on the original Jianggong Temple. In February 2019, it was announced by the Yunnan Provincial Government (云南省人民政府) as a provincial-level cultural relic protection unit.

Historical Significance

Jianggong Temple is dedicated to Jiang Zonghan (1838-1903) from Heqing County (鹤庆县), an important figure in suppressing the Du Wenxiu Rebellion (杜文秀起义). The temple is a representative of preserved Qing architecture in Dali, holding significant historical and artistic value.

Built in 1905 (公元1905年), the temple has a north-south orientation and features two courtyards. The complex includes a main gate, a hall, a stela pavilion, the main hall, and east and west wing rooms, covering a total area of 1,100 square meters.

Architectural Features

• Main Gate: Features three openings; the middle has a gable roof, while the two sides have a hipped roof. There are low walls on both sides, leading into a square area.
• Interior Layout: The central hall has a single eave hard mountain roof. The main hall behind it also has a single eave hipped roof, featuring a combination of bracket sets and half-penetrating structures. The main hall spans 14 meters wide and 10 meters deep.
• Wing Rooms: There are three rooms on each side, with additional rooms in the rear courtyard.

Jiang Zonghan’s Contributions

Jiang Zonghan was known for his contributions to local infrastructure, including the construction of the Jinlong Bridge (金龙桥) across the Jinsha River (金沙江) in 1880, which served as a critical transportation link for 70 years.

Protection and Preservation

The temple’s protective scope extends to the east wing’s eaves, the southern boundary at Yuer Road, the western wing’s eaves, and the northern boundary at the main hall’s eaves. The construction control zone aligns with the ancient town’s protection planning.

Important Dates

• Established: 1905
• Protected Unit: Recognized as a municipal cultural relic protection unit in 1985.

Getting There

To reach Jianggong Temple, you can take public transportation to Dali Ancient Town. Buses and taxis are available from the Dali Railway Station (大理火车站) and Dali Airport (大理机场). The temple is located a short walk from popular landmarks in the ancient town.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The ideal time to visit Dali is in spring (March to May) or autumn (September to November) for mild weather and clear skies.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying local Bai dishes in nearby restaurants.
• Respectful Behavior: As it is a religious site, visitors should be respectful of the customs and traditions.
• Photography: Capture the unique architecture but be mindful of signs indicating where photography may be restricted.

Summary

Jianggong Temple serves as a cultural and historical landmark in Dali, reflecting the architectural styles of the Qing Dynasty and honoring the legacy of Jiang Zonghan. Whether you’re interested in history, architecture, or culture, it’s a must-visit site in Dali Ancient Town.

Overview

Ouyang Compound (欧阳大院) in Shaxi Ancient Town (沙溪古镇), Jianchuan (剑川), Yunnan Province (云南省), stands out as one of the most distinctive ancient residences, built during the late Qing Dynasty (清朝). Nestled within the ancient street’s northern side at Sanjia Alley (三家巷), the compound features an ornate red sandstone gate that, despite the passage of time, retains its grandeur. This typical Bai (白族) architecture exemplifies the “Three Courtyards and One Screen Wall” (三坊一照壁) design, originally housing luxurious residences, shops, and stables, earning it the reputation of being a “five-star horse shop on the Tea Horse Road” (茶马古道).

Architectural Features

The spacious compound is adorned with intricate carvings and decorations. Every door, window, and eave showcases meticulous craftsmanship. The main hall’s six doors feature windows intricately carved with hundreds of the characters “福” (fortune) and “寿” (longevity), each written uniquely, making it a remarkable sight. The “Three Courtyards and One Screen Wall” is a traditional Bai residential style, where the owners infused their thoughts, aspirations, and interests into the home’s decor through couplets and calligraphy, reflecting the cultural richness of an era.

Cultural Significance

The cultural essence of Ouyang Compound begins right at the entrance. The poems inscribed on either side of the gate read:

“昼出耘田夜绩麻，村庄儿女各当家；童孙未解供耕织，也傍桑荫学种瓜。”

“问我归心向何处，三分周孔二分庄；过客不需频问询，读书声里是吾家。”

These verses reveal the owner’s reverence for traditional culture and yearning for pastoral life. The gate is further embellished with a couplet:

“欧脉钟灵地，阳光丽普天。”

This “embedded couplet” connects the characters to form “Ouyang Tian Di” (欧阳天地), subtly indicating the identity of the Ouyang family.

The gate’s sides feature carvings of a horse, sheep, tiger, and dog, each accompanied by inscriptions reflecting Confucian virtues of loyalty, filial piety, integrity, and righteousness.

Additional Features

Flanking the entrance are carvings depicting agricultural scenes and diligent study, symbolizing a family dedicated to farming and scholarship. Between the outer gate and the inner gate stands a grand screen wall adorned with landscape paintings depicting farming and scholarly life, along with the quote from Zhuzi’s Family Instructions (《朱子家训》):

“黎明即起、清扫庭院.”

The central inscription “六一家声” (Liujia Voice) signifies the family’s ancestral connection to Ouyang Xiu (欧阳修).

Ouyang Xiu, also known as the “Drunken Old Man” (醉翁), referred to himself as “Liuyi Jushi” (六一居士) in his later years. The screen wall once displayed a passage detailing his scholarly aspirations and lifestyle.

Living Quarters

The first courtyard serves as the owner’s living quarters, characterized by ornate carvings and spacious layout. The main hall features a wooden grid door inscribed with “百福百寿,” with each of the one hundred characters of “福” and “寿” uniquely crafted. The Ouyang family originally hails from Luling (庐陵) in Jiangxi Province (江西), with their ancestor Ouyang Ziqun being a prominent official during the Ming Dynasty (明代) who later settled in Jianchuan.

Over generations, this lineage became a distinguished family in Shaxi, with a descendant, Ouyang Jing (欧阳景), rising to prominence as the wealthiest horse merchant in the late Qing Dynasty, leading to the construction of this representative compound.

Adjacent to the main house is a kitchen, originally used by traveling horse caravans along the Tea Horse Road, which has preserved its original form.

Historical Artifacts

Over the years, the kitchen has accumulated historical artifacts, including a large stone stove, a red sandstone water tank, and utensils blackened by smoke. Flanking the courtyard are side rooms, with the northern side featuring a small garden that, alongside its neighboring side rooms, forms a quaint “Three Courtyards and One Screen Wall” compound originally intended for accommodating horse caravan merchants.

The courtyard also includes an ancient well made of red sandstone and a variety of plants, indicating the family’s agrarian roots. The wall features the inscription “瑞霭庐陵” (Auspicious Mist over Luling), connecting the Shaxi Ouyang family with the historical Ouyang family of Jiangxi.

The beautifully decorated wooden doors and windows of the side rooms are remarkable. The north side of the first-floor hall opens to the small garden, featuring a small stage designed for entertaining visiting merchants. After long journeys, merchants could enjoy performances from their rooms, enhancing their experience.

Stable and Additional Spaces

The third “Three Courtyards and One Screen Wall” courtyard served as the stable. Its two small doors provide direct access from the outer gate for merchants and their horses. The wall above features a painting of the “Monkey King” (美猴王) Sun Wukong, showcasing the owner’s wisdom in ensuring the safety of the merchants’ horses.

Visitors can ascend to the second floor to view the family’s shrine, intricately carved with dragons, phoenixes, lions, unicorns, and other motifs, demonstrating the exceptional craftsmanship of Jianchuan wood carving. The shrine also includes a glass sculpture gifted by the British East India Company, over a century old, illustrating the family’s historical significance.

Despite the passage of time, Ouyang Compound retains its essence as a vibrant, culturally rich legacy of the Tea Horse Road. The artistry in its carvings, paintings, and layout highlights the Bai ethnic group’s architectural mastery, serving as a precious cultural heritage.

Visiting Ouyang Compound

Visitors to the ancient street often find themselves drawn to Ouyang Compound, where they can sit quietly and absorb the profound cultural atmosphere, admiring the traditional Bai architecture. The residential structures in Shideng Street (寺登街) retain typical Bai features, with “Three Courtyards and One Screen Wall” and “Four Compounds and Five Courtyards” designs still evident.

How to Get There

To reach Ouyang Compound in Shaxi Ancient Town, you can take a bus from Dali (大理) to Jianchuan (剑川), then use local transport to the ancient town. The compound is located within the town and can be accessed on foot.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: March to May and September to November are ideal due to pleasant weather.
• Local Cuisine: Try local Bai dishes, such as “Three Courses of Tea” (三道茶) and Erhai Lake (洱海) grilled fish at nearby restaurants.
• Respect Local Customs: Be mindful of local traditions, especially during cultural performances.
• Photography: Most areas allow photography, but always check for restrictions, particularly during performances.
• Explore the Surroundings: Stroll through the ancient market streets and enjoy the historical ambiance.