Introduction

Cao Hai (草海), located in Heqing County (鹤庆县) within the Yunnan Province (云南省), is truly a highland water town. Nestled in the Heqing Basin (鹤庆坝子), this region is fed by numerous springs and the Yangong River (漾弓江) watershed, resulting in a vast natural wetland. The shallow waters of Cao Hai are particularly famous in autumn when local villagers use wooden boats to harvest aquatic plants for fertilizer, giving the area its name.

Geographical Information

Cao Hai is classified as a highland freshwater lake, with a maximum depth of 2.6 meters and an average depth of 1.6 meters. The surface elevation is approximately 2193.2 meters above sea level, with an annual inflow of 2.4 million cubic meters of water. The wetland is divided into four sections: Beihai (北海), Zhonghai (中海), Nanhai (南海), and Donghai (东海). Its waters are interconnected with small streams and fields, resembling the picturesque landscapes of the Jiangnan (江南) water towns.

Seasonal Highlights

During the summer, the lake blooms with thousands of acres of red lotus flowers, creating stunning scenery. The shores of the lake also yield abundant water chestnuts and lotus roots. When the lotuses are in full bloom, the local Bai (白族) community participates in traditional “Shua Hai” (耍海) activities, where young men and women enjoy the beauty of the lake and mountains. They paddle boats, hike around the lake, play traditional three-stringed instruments, and sing Bai folk songs, fostering joy and entertainment. Many young couples find lasting love at these gatherings, forming lifelong partnerships.

Ecological Importance

Cao Hai Wetland plays a vital role in preventing soil erosion in the upper Yangtze River (长江) region and contributes significantly to environmental protection. It creates a unique natural tourism landscape that attracts visitors while also serving as a crucial ecological buffer.

How to Get There

Cao Hai is easily accessible from major cities in Yunnan:

• By Car: From Dali (大理), take the G56 Hukun Expressway to Heqing County. Follow local roads to reach the wetland.
• Public Transport: Buses frequently run from Dali to Heqing County. Local transportation can take you directly to Cao Hai.

Travel Tips

1. Best Time to Visit: The ideal time to experience the lotus flowers is from June to August, when the scenery is at its most beautiful.
2. Comfortable Footwear: Wear suitable footwear for walking and exploring around the wetland.
3. Respect Local Customs: Engage respectfully with the Bai culture and participate in local traditions during your visit.
4. Photography: Bring a camera to capture the stunning natural beauty and vibrant cultural activities.
5. Hydration: Carry water and snacks, especially if you plan to explore the area for an extended period.

Overview

Lengyan Tower, located at the peak of Jizu Mountain (鸡足山) over 30 kilometers northwest of Binchuan County (宾川县), Yunnan Province, is a key cultural relic protected at the provincial level by Dali Prefecture (大理州). Jizu Mountain is a famous Buddhist holy site in Southeast Asia, serving as a convergence point for Han and Tibetan Buddhism, and is recognized as the birthplace of Zen Buddhism. It is also the site where the Buddha’s foremost disciple, Kasyapa (迦叶), established a spiritual practice. The mountain, known for its distinctive shape resembling a chicken’s foot, is classified as a national scenic area.

Introduction to the Attraction

Architectural Features

The Lengyan Tower is a thirteen-story, pagoda-style tower standing over 40 meters tall, with seven levels accessible to visitors. The original site of the tower was home to the Guangming Pagoda (光明宝塔), built during the Ming Dynasty (明朝). This earlier structure was described as having a square base with seven levels, each approximately one zhang high, and took seven years to complete. Unfortunately, during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty (清朝), the governor Fan Chengxun (范承勋) fell prey to slander and ordered its demolition.

In 1929, after visiting Jizu Mountain, the then Governor of Yunnan, Long Yun (龙云), approved the construction of the Lengyan Tower on the original site of the Guangming Pagoda. The new tower took over three years to complete and has become a significant cultural landmark of Jizu Mountain. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Lengyan Tower served as a vital navigational beacon for the “Camel Peak Route” in the Dali area, contributing uniquely to the war effort.

Cultural Significance

Lengyan Tower houses several inscriptions, including Yang Mengnan’s (杨萌南) “Inscription of Lengyan Tower” (鸡足山楞严塔碑记), Zhou Zhongyue’s (周钟岳) “Epitaph of Lengyan Tower” (鸡足山楞严塔碑铭), and Long Yun’s (龙云) “Dharma Appearance is Majestic” (法相庄严), which reflect its profound cultural significance. Despite being constructed relatively recently, the tower inherits and advances the traditional styles of Dali’s ancient pagodas, symbolizing a historical continuum that has thrived for over a thousand years.

Scenic Views

The majestic architecture of the Lengyan Tower stands out beautifully against the backdrop of Jizu Mountain, serving as a prominent geographical landmark in the region. The tower’s exterior is gray-white and resembles the Qianxun Pagoda (千寻塔) of Chongsheng Temple (崇圣寺), though it is more slender. Notably, the second tier of the tower is surrounded by iron railings and features a corridor for visitors to enjoy panoramic views, supported by eight inverted triangular structures that give the appearance of a decorative “skirt,” infusing modern architectural elements.

Throughout the seasons, the scenery surrounding the Lengyan Tower transforms dramatically: in spring, it is adorned with blooming azaleas; in summer, it appears as a floating landmark amid the sea of clouds; in autumn, it stands out against the clear blue sky and lush trees; and in winter, it sparkles like crystal in the snow, becoming an indispensable part of Jizu Mountain.

Standing beneath the tower and gazing upward, one feels a sense of awe at the clouds racing across the sky. The tower, standing majestically between heaven and earth, evokes a profound appreciation for the beauty of ancient Chinese architecture. From the tower, one can admire the panoramic views of Cangshan (苍山) and Erhai Lake (洱海), where mountains and lush landscapes converge. Visitors can witness the sunrise to the east, the colorful clouds to the south, the vast Cang and Er lakes to the west, and the majestic Yulong Snow Mountain (玉龙雪山) to the north. This breathtaking scenery captivates the spirit and invites reflections on the wonders of nature.

Historian Xu Xiake (徐霞客), during his exploration of Jizu Mountain, was so enchanted that he spent several days there, famously remarking, “To see the sun in the east, the sea in the west, the clouds in the south, and the snow in the north—this combination is indeed extraordinary, but the pinnacle of Tianzhu Peak captures all these sights, making it not just the premier site of Jizu Mountain, but the foremost in all the realm.”

Conclusion

Today, the interior of the Lengyan Tower is no longer open to visitors, preventing direct access to its heights. However, the grandeur of the tower and the harmonious integration of architecture with nature continue to inspire awe and reflection. This tower, imbued with historical memories and spiritual significance, proudly stands in Dali, in the land of colorful clouds.

How to Get There

To reach Lengyan Tower, visitors can travel to Binchuan County by bus or car from Dali City. From Binchuan, it is a scenic drive or bus ride up to Jizu Mountain. Local transportation options include taxis or private vehicles, which provide flexibility for exploring the area.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn offer the most comfortable weather and vibrant scenery.
• Clothing: Wear comfortable walking shoes and layered clothing as the weather can change quickly.
• Photography: Bring a camera to capture the stunning views and architectural details.
• Respect Local Customs: As a religious site, visitors should dress modestly and maintain a respectful demeanor.

Location:

Chinese Version: https://www.meipian.cn/fxic2nw

Overview of Shangguan Town

Shangguan Town (上关镇) is a town under the jurisdiction of Dali City (大理市), located in the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (大理白族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省). It lies on the northern shore of Erhai Lake (洱海), at the eastern foothills of Cangshan Mountain (苍山云弄峰). The town borders Shuanglang Town (双廊镇) and Huangping Town (黄坪镇) in Heqing County (鹤庆县) to the east, Erhai Lake to the south, and Dengchuan (邓川) and Yousuo (右所) towns in Eryuan County (洱源县) to the north. Covering an area of 129 square kilometers, Shangguan Town has a total population of 36,565, according to the seventh national census conducted on November 1, 2020.

Historically, Shangguan Town was part of the Deng Tan Zhao (邓赕诏) territory and was governed by Dengchuan Prefecture during the Yuan (元), Ming (明), and Qing (清) dynasties. The town was established in 2000 and was incorporated into Dali City on January 1, 2004. As of June 2020, Shangguan Town has 13 administrative villages, with the town government located at No. 1 Jiangwei Street, New District.

Geographic Location and Environment

Geographic Area

Shangguan Town is strategically located on the northern shore of Erhai Lake and at the eastern foothills of Cangshan Mountain. The town’s total administrative area is 129 square kilometers.

Topography

The terrain of Shangguan Town slopes from north to south, characterized by plateau plains. The highest point is located in Louyi Village (漏邑村) at an elevation of 3,560 meters, while the lowest point can be found in Dabaguan Village (大把关村) at an elevation of 1,680 meters.

Climate

Shangguan Town has a subtropical highland monsoon climate. The weather characteristics include:

• Average Annual Temperature: 18°C
• January Average Temperature: 8.9°C (record low of -1.4°C on January 23, 1997)
• July Average Temperature: 20.5°C (record high of 28.5°C on July 21, 1952)

The annual average temperature range is about 12.4°C, with approximately 2,300 hours of sunshine per year. Rainfall predominantly occurs from June to October, peaking in July.

Hydrology

The rivers in Shangguan Town are part of the Lancang River (澜沧江) basin. Key rivers include:

• Mijia River (弥苴河): 23 kilometers long, with a watershed area of 998 square kilometers.
• Luoshi River (罗时江): 56 kilometers long, with a watershed area of 112.3 square kilometers.
• Yong’an River (永安江): 6.5 kilometers long, with a watershed area of 110.3 square kilometers.

These rivers contribute to over 70% of the water supply for Erhai Lake.

Administrative Divisions

As of the end of 2011, Shangguan Town administratively governs 13 village committees, including:

• Majia Village (马甲邑)
• Qingsuo Village (青索)
• Zhaoyi Village (兆邑)
• Louyi Village (漏邑)
• Shaping Village (沙坪)
• Dongshaping Village (东沙坪)
• Dapai Village (大排)
• Hewai Village (河尾)
• Jiangwei Village (江尾)
• Daying Village (大营)
• Machang Village (马厂)
• Haichaohe Village (海潮河)
• Dabaguan Village (大把关)

The town consists of 142 village groups and has a total of 56 natural villages.

Cultural Heritage

Local Customs and Festivals

Shangguan Town boasts a rich tapestry of folk arts, including:

• Dragon Dance (龙灯): A traditional dance often performed during festivals.
• Horse Racing (赛马): An exciting local tradition.
• Lion Dance (狮灯): A lively performance believed to bring prosperity.
• Torch Festival (火把节): A celebration featuring bonfires, songs, and dances.
• Temple Fairs (庙会): Community gatherings celebrating local deities.

Local Products

The town is known for its agricultural specialties, including:

• Walnuts (核桃)
• Chestnuts (板栗)
• Pine Nuts (松子)
• Rice Noodles (粉丝)
• Milk Fan (乳扇)
• Rice Cake (饵丝)
• Mei Guo (梅果)

Additionally, eco-friendly agricultural products such as rice noodles, milk fan, and mei guo are produced in the region.

How to Get There

To reach Shangguan Town, you can travel from Dali City, which is well-connected by various transportation modes. The town is approximately a 30-minute drive from Dali’s city center. Public buses are available, providing a convenient and economical option for travelers.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The ideal time to visit Shangguan Town is during spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) when the weather is pleasant.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying local dishes that feature fresh produce from the area.
• Cultural Etiquette: Respect local customs and traditions, especially during festivals and community gatherings.
• Accommodation: Look for guesthouses or homestays for an authentic experience.

Introduction

Wenxian Gate Tower (文献楼) is situated one kilometer outside the south gate of Dali Old Town (大理古城) in Dali City (大理市), Yunnan Province (云南省). This tower is not only an architectural highlight but also serves as the first significant scenic spot for visitors entering Dali Old Town, symbolizing the rich cultural heritage of the region.

Reconstruction

The current structure of Wenxian Tower was reconstructed in 1999, enhancing its historical and architectural significance while maintaining traditional Bai style elements.

Historical Background

Why Dali is the “Land of Literature”

The title “Land of Literature” (文献之邦) associated with Dali has deep historical roots. Several ancient tales are intertwined with Dali’s legacy, including Han Xi Lou Chuan (汉习楼船), Tang Biao Tie Zhu (唐标铁柱), Song Hui Yu Fu (宋挥玉斧), and Yuan Kua Ge Nang (元跨革囊). Archaeological evidence shows that Dali was the center of ancient civilization in Yunnan, with human activities dating back to the Neolithic period.

Cultural Significance

Dali was a crucial hub along the Ancient Tea Horse Road (茶马古道) and was one of the earliest established regions in Yunnan. The establishment of Ye Yu (叶榆), now Dali, dates back to the second year of the Yuanfeng period of the Western Han Dynasty (公元前109年). The region’s fertile lands facilitated agriculture and sericulture.

During the Nanzhao Kingdom (南诏国) era, Dali became a political, economic, and cultural center. The kingdom, supported by the Tang Dynasty, developed strong ties with the Central Plains, embracing Han culture. This cultural amalgamation led to significant achievements in architecture, sculpture, and painting. The renowned Three Pagodas of Chongsheng Temple (崇圣寺三塔) and the Shibao Mountain Grottoes (石宝山石窟) are notable examples.

Contributions of Notable Figures

In 1680, during the 19th year of the Kangxi Emperor’s reign (清康熙), Pantu (偏图), a leader from the Han army’s White Banner, played a pivotal role in suppressing Wu Sangui (吴三桂). His repeated military successes earned him a promotion to Governor of Yunnan. Pantu spent 15 years in Dali, deeply appreciating its cultural richness. He petitioned the Qing Dynasty for a plaque inscribed with “Wenxian Mingbang” (文献名邦), which is prominently displayed at Wenxian Tower today.

Architectural Features

Wenxian Tower is a two-story building designed in the traditional Bai architectural style. Its wooden structure is characterized by:

• Stately Appearance: The tower features a magnificent brick and stone archway that adds grandeur to its presence.
• Couplets: It has two pairs of couplets. One notable couplet, penned by the modern scholar Zhou Ren (周仁), highlights the cultural essence of Dali:

溯汉唐以还，张叔传经，杜公讲学，硕彦通儒代有人，
莫让文献遗风暗消在新潮流外；
登楼台而望，鹫岭夕阳，鹤桥小路，熙来攮往咸安业。
但愿妙香古国常住于大世界中。

• Surrounding Scenery: The tower overlooks a picturesque landscape, with willows lining the pathway to the south entrance of Dali Old Town, creating a serene atmosphere.

How to Get There

Wenxian Tower is easily accessible from the center of Dali Old Town. Visitors can walk to the south gate, following the signs for approximately one kilometer to reach the tower. Additionally, local buses and taxis operate along this route, providing convenient transportation options.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) are ideal for pleasant weather and beautiful scenery.
• Local Cuisine: Be sure to try local specialties, such as “Dali cheese” (大理乳酪) and “grilled fish” (烤鱼), which are popular among visitors.
• Cultural Etiquette: Respect local customs, especially when engaging with Bai cultural practices. It’s common to greet locals with a smile.
• Photography: The best lighting for photography occurs in the early morning and late afternoon. Capture the scenic views from the tower and the charming streets of Dali Old Town.
• Nearby Attractions: Consider visiting other attractions in Dali, such as Erhai Lake (洱海), Cangshan Mountain (苍山), and the ancient town’s local markets.

Introduction

Haixin Pavilion (海心亭) is located at 1102 Binhai Avenue (滨海大道), Dali City (大理市), Yunnan Province (云南省), and is part of the AAAA-level Erhai Park (洱海公园). This scenic spot, known for its swimming area and popular photo opportunities, is situated near the city center and is recognized as a landmark of the area. It offers an ideal location for photographers and visitors alike, being built atop “Tuan Mountain” (团山).

Historical Background

Erhai Park features a small oval hill resembling “Tuan Mountain,” which is why it is also referred to as Tuan Mountain Park (团山公园). In the 8th century, this area served as a deer breeding ground for the Nanzhao Kingdom (南诏国) and was known as Xilong Mountain (息龙山). Among the four famous pavilions by Erhai Lake, Zhu Hai Pavilion (珠海阁) stands out, and Haixin Pavilion is well-known among locals. For the residents of Dali, the pavilion is filled with nostalgic memories, while for seagulls and tourists, it represents endless expectations.

In the early 1970s, the Dali municipal government allocated special funds to expand Tuan Mountain Park, constructing various facilities including the Haixin Pavilion, a geological pavilion, cherry blossom pavilion, and others. This expansion improved the infrastructure of the park, enhancing the recreational experience for visitors.

Architectural Features

Haixin Pavilion offers stunning views of the mountains and the lake, serving as an ideal location for sightseeing, bird-watching, and romantic getaways. The pavilion’s design resembles a hand reaching out toward Erhai Lake (洱海), connected by a long reddish walkway that forms a heart shape. The vibrant colors of the pavilion stand out against the blue sky and lake, making it a striking feature of the landscape.

Local residents often visit Haixin Pavilion, especially on sunny days, enjoying the warm lake breeze and beautiful surroundings. The pavilion is adorned with red railings and pillars, inviting visitors to linger and appreciate the tranquil atmosphere.

Seasonal Highlights

During winter, the water temperature of Erhai Lake remains around 7°C, making it popular for winter swimming. The area attracts many visitors, particularly at Lover’s Lake (情人湖), a bustling location near Haixin Pavilion where people gather to swim and enjoy the scenic views. The winter months also see the arrival of Siberian red-billed gulls (西伯利亚红嘴鸥), transforming Haixin Pavilion into a prime spot for birdwatching from November to March.

How to Get There

Haixin Pavilion is conveniently located along Binhai Avenue in Dali City. Visitors can easily access it by taking Bus No. 6 and disembarking at the Ming Shi Jie stop. It is a short walk from there to the pavilion.

Travel Tips

1. Prepare for Wind: The sea breeze can be strong, so be mindful of personal items like hats that may be blown away.
2. Sun Protection: Dali has high UV levels; apply sunscreen and wear protective clothing before heading out.
3. Photography: The best times for photography are during sunrise and sunset when the lighting is optimal.
4. Local Cuisine: Try local dishes available at nearby restaurants along Binhai Avenue, especially fresh fish from the lake.
5. Respect Wildlife: While enjoying the seagulls and other wildlife, maintain a respectful distance to avoid disturbing them.

Overview of Changle Village

Changle Village (长乐村) is located in Shaxi Town (沙溪镇), Jianchuan County (剑川县), Dali Prefecture (大理州), Yunnan Province (云南省). This village has 271 households and a population of 1,178, predominantly consisting of the Bai (白族), Han (汉族), and Yi (彝族) ethnic groups, who have coexisted harmoniously for generations, creating a traditional agricultural community.

Nestled amidst the mountains, Changle Village is steadily progressing towards a moderately prosperous society under the leadership of the village party committee. In 2003, the village initiated the slogan “One Branch, One Flag; One Party Member, One Path to Wealth” and established the “186” project development strategy. The clear objective aims to cultivate 100 specialized households in dairy cattle, black goats, and beef cattle farming, forming pillar industries. Additionally, the plan includes developing 80 specialized households for economic fruit and rice cultivation, along with 60 individual businesses and labor export households to strengthen the private economy.

Key Statistics

• Total Arable Land: 1,273 acres (with 1,197 acres of paddy fields and 76 acres of dry land)
• Average Arable Land per Person: 0.00 acres
• Forest Land: 32,003 acres (including 389 acres of economic fruit trees)
• Economic Crops: Mainly includes rice, plum, apple, chestnut, and walnut.

Infrastructure Development

Life in Changle Village has improved day by day, reflecting a harmonious development of the “Four Civilizations.” A total of 176 farming households have been recognized as “Ten-Star Civilized Households.” The village party committee has been honored as an advanced party branch by the prefectural committee. Changle Village has received numerous accolades, including advanced party branch, advanced technology working group, and safe village honors from the county committee and government. It has also been designated as a civilized village by the provincial committee and government.

Homestay Experience in Changle Village

? In Changle Village, there is a unique standalone homestay with only four rooms, each offering a distinct charm. The second-floor rooms provide breathtaking views of the surrounding wheat fields, creating an enchanting scenery. ?️

?️ The interiors of the homestay are clean and tidy, primarily featuring wooden construction that exudes a natural and rustic charm. Although the owner has limited time to spend at the homestay, his warm hospitality makes guests feel at home. ?

?️ Additionally, in Shaxi, there is a delightful restaurant nestled under a persimmon tree, renowned for its delicious home-cooked dishes. The owner is warm and welcoming, and in winter, the persimmon cakes made from the tree’s fruit are a must-try delicacy. ?

? In Changle Village, you can experience the cozy ambiance of the homestay while indulging in authentic rural cuisine. Come and enjoy a unique rural lifestyle here! ?

How to Get There

To reach Changle Village, you can travel from Jianchuan County, which is well-connected by local roads. Public transport options, including buses and taxis, are available for convenience. The village is approximately a 30-minute drive from Jianchuan’s main area.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The ideal visiting periods are during spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) when the weather is pleasant.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss out on trying local dishes that highlight fresh ingredients from the area.
• Cultural Etiquette: Respect local customs, especially when visiting homes and participating in village events.
• Accommodation: Consider staying at the local homestay for an immersive experience in rural life.

Introduction

Hutoushan Mountain (虎头山) is located in the southeastern corner of Yunlong County (云龙县), Dali (大理), Yunnan Province (云南省). Its name derives from its distinctive shape resembling a tiger’s head. The mountain is conveniently close to the county town, making it easily accessible by foot.

Major Attractions

Banshan Pavilion (半山亭)

This pavilion offers breathtaking views of Yunlong County, showcasing the winding Bi River (沘江) as it flows gracefully around the town. From here, visitors can enjoy the harmonious blend of mountains and water, elevating the overall experience.

Xianren Fan (仙人扇)

Ascending to Huatai, the path divides into two directions. The left path leads to the legendary “Xianren Fan,” believed to be a resting place for immortals. Visitors can find stone artifacts such as the Stone Fan, Stone Bed, and Stone Staff, alongside the captivating stone sculpture of a tiger that enhances the site’s mythos.

Longquan and Huch池 (龙泉、虎池)

These two clear reservoirs, located in a mountain gorge, are known for their pristine waters. Surrounded by lush Yunnan pines (云南松), the serene atmosphere is accentuated by the gentle breeze, creating a peaceful retreat.

Historical Background

In the early Ming Dynasty (明朝), a mountain god temple was established at the summit of Hutoushan. During the Honghua period, Zhenwu Pavilion (真武阁) was built, followed by several Taoist temples from the Qianlong era to the Republic of China. The area has seen extensive renovations, including the construction of Longquan and Huch池, enhancing its status as a scenic leisure destination where nature and culture intertwine.

Cultural Significance

According to the inscription on the “Tiger Mountain Stele” (虎山碑记): “Layers of peaks rise high, overlooking the azure expanse; flying pavilions and flowing colors stand out against the sky.” Recent restorations have seamlessly integrated new structures with ancient architecture, particularly evident in the couplets adorning stone arches and pavilions, which resonate with the county’s poetic heritage.

Hutou Temple (虎头寺)

Hutou Temple is a renowned ancient temple in the Dali region, located on the cliffs of Hutoushan. The front hall, known as Guixiang Tower (桂香楼), offers a panoramic view of Yunlong County. The rear hall, or Mahavira Hall (大雄宝殿), features the Three Body Buddha statues, including Shakyamuni (释迦牟尼佛), alongside various protective deities.

Ancient Trees and Surroundings

Behind Hutou Temple stand two ancient banyan trees, each several hundred years old, providing shade and tranquility. Nearby, Wangmu Temple (王母寺) is nestled among towering trees, creating a serene environment characterized by gnarled pines and cool mountain breezes.

Hutou Mountain Ancient Architecture Group

The ancient architecture group on Hutoushan is situated to the south of Shimen Town (石门镇) in Yunlong County. It is defined by a prominent peak resembling a tiger’s head and is primarily composed of Taoist buildings. Historical records indicate that Hutou Temple originally housed a mountain god temple, with subsequent constructions like the Laojun Hall and Caishen Hall (财神殿) built during the Daoguang era.

How to Get There

Hutoushan Mountain is easily accessible:

• By Car: From Dali Passenger Transport Station, take the Hanguang Expressway (杭瑞高速) to S236, following the signs to Hutoushan.
• Public Transport: Local buses frequently travel to Yunlong County.

Travel Tips

1. Comfortable Footwear: The terrain can be rugged, so sturdy shoes are recommended for hiking.
2. Weather Preparedness: Dress in layers as mountain weather can change rapidly; bringing a raincoat is advisable.
3. Hydration: Carry sufficient water, especially during warmer months, to stay refreshed.
4. Respect for Nature: Adhere to local guidelines to preserve the natural beauty of the area.
5. Cultural Awareness: Be respectful when visiting temples; observe local customs and maintain a quiet demeanor.

Overview of Hutousi Temple

Hutousi Temple (虎头禅寺) is a historical Buddhist temple located in Yunlong County (云龙县) within Dali Prefecture (大理州), Yunnan Province (云南省). Established in the third year of the Da De era of the Yuan Dynasty (元大德三年), the temple is perched on a cliff, showcasing stunning views of the surrounding landscape.

Architectural Features

The temple consists of several notable structures:

• Gui Xiang Lou (桂香楼): This is the front hall built on a cliff. The top is adorned with a plaque inscribed with “Tong Tian Gao Lang” (通天高朗), meaning “High and Clear to the Sky.”
• Great Hero Hall (大雄宝殿): This is the main hall housing the “Three Bodies of Buddha” (三身佛), representing Shakyamuni Buddha, Vairocana Buddha, and Lushena Buddha. The hall is a focal point for worship and meditation.
• Ancient Trees: Behind the temple stand two ancient qing trees (青树), approximately 300 years old, which provide shade and enhance the temple’s serene atmosphere.

Historical Significance

Hutousi Temple has deep historical roots tied to the local culture and Buddhist practices. During its peak, it served as a significant religious site due to the salt mining industry in the area. Wealthy salt merchants contributed to the construction of temples, statues, and religious activities.

However, much of the temple complex suffered damage during the Cultural Revolution (文革), leading to a decline in its physical condition. Today, efforts are underway to restore its former glory. Since 2000, under the leadership of Abbot Jiaoming (教明法师), significant reconstruction has occurred, including:

• The Great Hero Hall
• Mountain Gate (山门)
• Ksitigarbha Hall (地藏殿)
• Arhat Hall (罗汉堂)

Geological Features

Hutousi Temple is situated on Tiger Head Mountain (虎头山), known for its dramatic cliffs and rugged terrain. The geological makeup of the mountain dates back over 100 million years to the Cretaceous period, consisting of sandstone that has weathered over centuries.

Unique natural formations can be seen on the mountain, including:

• Fairy Fan (仙人扇): A rock formation resembling a fan.
• Fairy Bed (仙人床): A flat rock area where one could meditate.
• Stone Footprints: Natural imprints that look like footprints of mythical beings, often referred to as “stone traces of immortals” (石上仙踪).

Scenic Views

Climbing to the Gui Xiang Lou offers breathtaking views of the entire Yunlong County and surrounding landscapes. The area is rich in flora and fauna, making it a perfect spot for nature enthusiasts.

Visitor Information

Time Required

Visitors typically spend 1-3 hours exploring the temple and its surroundings.

Transportation

• Self-Driving Directions:
  • Start from Dali Bus Station (大理客运站).
  • Take the Hanguang Expressway (杭瑞高速).
  • Follow S236 until you reach Hutousi Temple.

Admission Fees

For specific details about admission fees, it is recommended to consult the local tourism authority or the temple’s management.

Opening Hours

• Hours: 08:00 – 18:00 (January 1 – December 31, Monday – Sunday)

Location

Hutousi Temple is located in Yunlong County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province (云南省大理白族自治州云龙县).

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) offer pleasant weather and vibrant scenery.
• Clothing Recommendations: Wear comfortable, sturdy shoes suitable for climbing, and bring layers as temperatures can vary, especially in the mountains.
• Respect Local Customs: Maintain a quiet demeanor in the temple area, and follow any guidelines provided by the temple staff.
• Explore Nearby Attractions: Consider visiting nearby scenic spots and cultural sites, such as Wangmu Temple (王母庙) and the natural landscapes surrounding the temple.
• Photography: Capture the beauty of the temple and surrounding landscapes, but be mindful of restrictions on photographing religious ceremonies or practices.
• Local Cuisine: Sample local Bai (白族) cuisine at nearby eateries, where you can enjoy authentic flavors and dishes made from locally sourced ingredients.

By visiting Hutousi Temple, you will experience a unique blend of cultural heritage, spiritual tranquility, and stunning natural beauty, making it a must-see destination in Yunnan Province.

Overview of Nanzhao Palace

Nanzhao Palace (南诏行宫) is the main building on Nanzhao Romantic Island (南诏风情岛), serving as a summer retreat for the Nanzhao King (南诏王). The Nanzhao Kingdom (南诏) existed from 653 to 902 AD and had three capital cities, one of which was Taihe City (太和城) in Dali.

Scale

Nanzhao Palace is a remarkable architectural feat, reflecting the grandeur of ancient royal residences. The Nanzhao kings constructed a series of royal facilities around Erhai Lake (洱海), including summer palaces, imperial gardens, and hunting grounds. Historical records indicate that the southern and northern city walls of the Nanzhao capital measured 3,350 meters and 3,275 meters respectively, with a distance of 500 meters between them. This scale rivals that of the Forbidden City (故宫) in Beijing, although today, only remnants of the original structures remain.

Characteristics

The Nanzhao Palace is designed to resemble an ancient imperial palace. Influenced by Tibetan (吐蕃) and Tang (唐) cultures, its architecture features:

• Tang-style Roofs: Elegant and distinctively shaped.
• Tibetan Walls and Windows: Incorporating cultural elements from the Tibetan region.
• Dali Architectural Elements: Utilizing local construction styles and colors.

Covering over 8,000 square meters, the palace’s grandeur reflects the artistic achievements of the Nanzhao era. The local Bai (白族) culture also plays a significant role, particularly the worship of “Ben Zhu” (本主), a local deity revered as the protector of the community.

Cultural Significance

Historically, Nanzhao was a formidable military kingdom that began as a small tribe. With its military strength, it absorbed neighboring tribes (known as “Zhao”) around Erhai Lake, expanding its territory to areas now known as Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi, and even reaching Vietnam. At its height, Nanzhao encompassed 1.0736 million square kilometers—27 times the size of modern Yunnan Province (云南省). Nanzhao existed alongside the Tang Dynasty and Tibetan Empire for nearly two centuries.

The Nanzhao Palace showcases a blend of architectural styles influenced by Tang, Tibetan, and Dali cultures, featuring:

• Tang Roofs: Elegant and stylized.
• Tibetan Walls: Reflecting the influence of Tibetan design.
• Local Dali Features: Incorporating the distinctive elements of Dali’s architecture.

The Bai culture is prominent here, with the worship of “Ben Zhu” as a central belief. Each Bai community has its own shrine to the Ben Zhu, and festivals are held to celebrate this deity, enriching the cultural landscape of the area.

Visitor Information

Time Required

Visitors typically spend 1-3 hours exploring the palace and its surroundings.

Transportation

• Self-Driving Directions:
  • Start from Dali Railway Station (大理市火车站).
  • Take the Xijing Line (西景线) to Huanhai East Road (环海东路) until you reach the destination.

Opening Hours

• Hours: 08:30 – 17:00 (January 1 – December 31, Monday – Sunday)

Location

Nanzhao Palace is situated on Nanzhao Romantic Island (南诏风情岛), in Shuanglang Town (双廊镇), Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province (云南省大理白族自治州大理市双廊镇南诏风情岛内).

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) are ideal for pleasant weather and beautiful scenery.
• Clothing Recommendations: Wear comfortable footwear for walking and climbing, as well as layers for changing temperatures near the lake.
• Respect Local Customs: Be respectful in religious areas and participate in local customs if invited, particularly during festivals.
• Explore Nearby Attractions: Consider visiting other sites in the area, such as Erhai Lake and local Bai villages, to enhance your cultural experience.
• Photography: Capture the beauty of the palace and the surrounding landscapes, while being mindful of the privacy of local communities and religious practices.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying local Bai dishes at nearby eateries, which showcase the rich culinary traditions of the region.

Visiting Nanzhao Palace offers a glimpse into the rich historical and cultural tapestry of the Nanzhao Kingdom, as well as the stunning natural beauty of Erhai Lake.

Renliyi Village, located in Xizhou Town, Dali City, is a picturesque village nestled in the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province. It lies approximately 5 kilometers north of the Xizhou Town government, accessible via an asphalt road, and is about 37 kilometers from the city center, making it a convenient destination for visitors.

Cultural Geography

Renliyi Village is bordered to the east by Erhai Lake (洱海) and to the west by Cangshan Mountain (苍山). It is 4 kilometers south of the Xizhou Town government and connects to the Butterfly Spring Scenic Area (蝴蝶泉景区) to the north. National Highway 214 (214国道) and the Dali-Lijiang Highway (大丽公路) run through the village, providing convenient transportation. The village is a Bai ethnic community characterized by a high population density relative to its land area.

Historical Significance

The village has a rich history, with architectural resources that reflect its cultural heritage. The traditional Bai-style houses, featuring intricate wooden carvings and unique roof designs, are a testament to the local craftsmanship. Renliyi also embodies the Bai people’s customs, festivals, and lifestyles, making it a significant site for cultural tourism.

Economic Development

Renliyi Village has evolved economically, with resources for traditional agriculture, livestock, fishing, and emerging commercial sectors such as tourism and service industries. The introduction of ecological tourism and cooperation with enterprises has revitalized the local economy, enabling villagers to enhance their livelihoods.

Flower Sea Economic Belt Boosts Rural Tourism

A New Landmark in Xizhou

In Dali’s Xizhou Town, Renliyi Village is home to the Flower Language Ranch (花语牧场), covering an area of 358 acres. This scenic site, characterized by its pastoral landscape and harmonious ecological environment, has become a key driver for local rural tourism. It showcases the principles of leisure agriculture and ecological conservation, effectively increasing villagers’ income through agritourism, leisure vacations, and sales of local specialty products.

Li Birong (李必荣), the Party Secretary of Renliyi Village, recalls that traditional agriculture could no longer meet the villagers’ income expectations several years ago. In 2015, the village partnered with Dali Haoshanshui Agricultural Planting Co., Ltd., adopting a “village-enterprise cooperation” model to jointly develop the Flower Language Ranch, injecting new economic vitality into the village.

Features of the Flower Language Ranch

The ranch includes various functional areas, such as:

• Central Garden: A beautiful area filled with diverse flowers.
• Lawn Area for Horses: Space for horse riding and relaxation.
• Velvety Crape Myrtle Area: Featuring stunning crape myrtle flowers.
• Children’s Playground: A fun area for kids with various attractions.
• Fruit-Picking Area: Visitors can pick fresh fruits directly from the trees.

Additionally, the ranch offers afternoon tea, flower cake-making workshops, and pottery experiences. These initiatives enrich visitors’ experiences while providing employment opportunities for locals. Villagers actively participate in the ranch’s operations and maintenance, effectively promoting local economic development and enhancing living standards.

Li emphasized that the introduction of enterprises has provided a platform for the village, crucial for attracting more tourists. Since 2016, the Flower Language Ranch has welcomed approximately 300,000 visitors and achieved sales revenue exceeding 7 million yuan. With the ranch’s full completion, annual visitor numbers are expected to surpass 500,000, with projected sales revenue exceeding 10 million yuan. This further validates the significant potential of the flower economy in promoting rural tourism and increasing villagers’ income.

Scenic Beauty of Nature

A Blooming Attraction

Whether you live in Dali or are visiting, how can you resist admiring the vast flower sea under the blue sky and white clouds, next to Cangshan and Erhai? Every photo taken here feels like a cinematic masterpiece.

In Renliyi Village, the Flower Language Ranch spans over 300 acres and features more than 60 varieties of flowers, attracting numerous visitors. Various flowers bloom vibrantly; upon entering the ranch, you’ll first see beautiful Dahlias (大丽花), followed by Zinnias (百日草), Sage (鼠尾草), and Verbena (柳叶马鞭草). These flowers are in full bloom, adding to the visual splendor.

Flower Varieties

The ranch cultivates a diverse range of flowers, including:

• Fragrant Lilies (香水百合)
• Giant Onions (大花葱)
• Hyacinths (风信子)
• Tulips (郁金香)
• Dahlias (大丽花)
• Violets (紫罗兰)
• Lavender (薰衣草)
• Colorful Calla Lilies (彩色马蹄莲)
• Icelandic Poppies (冰岛虞美人)
• Snapdragons (金鱼草)
• Willow Herbs (柳叶马鞭草)
• Sage (鼠尾草)
• Foxgloves (毛地黄)
• Ornamental Roses (观赏玫瑰)
• Morning Glories (牵牛花)
• Pansies (三色堇)
• Wildflower Combinations (野花组合)

These flowers bloom in different seasons, ensuring that the ranch is always vibrant and colorful.

Facilities and Activities

In addition to the flowers, the ranch features numerous facilities for photo opportunities, including popular characters like Minions (小黄人), Doreamon (叮当猫), Snow White (白雪公主), and the Seven Dwarfs (七个小矮人), which are particularly loved by children. There is even a large yellow duck and playground equipment, with sunshades set up on the expansive grass for visitors to relax.

The Flower Language Ranch also includes areas for visitors to interact with animals, fruit-picking zones, a poppy garden (虞美人花园), a lily garden (百合花园), a tulip garden (郁金香花园), a lavender garden (薰衣草花园), a fishing pond, and a sandy beach at Moon Lake (月亮湖). The ranch boasts blooming flowers year-round, with different species blossoming in various seasons.

Aerial Views

The ranch offers stunning aerial views, showcasing the colorful flower fields against the backdrop of the blue sky, creating picturesque scenes perfect for photography.

Cultural Significance

The Flower Language Ranch is not just a floral paradise; it also serves as a filming location for the television drama “National Action” (国家行动), attracting fans and tourists alike. It provides a unique blend of nature, culture, and entertainment, making it a popular destination.

Visiting and Getting There

Address

Renliyi Village (仁里邑村), Xizhou Town (喜洲镇), Dali City (大理市), Yunnan Province (云南省), is located opposite the Renliyi Primary School (仁里邑完小) along Provincial Road 221 (221省道).

Tips: For self-driving visitors, you can reach the Flower Language Ranch by inputting its name into navigation apps.

Entrance Fee and Hours

• Entrance Fee: 30 yuan per person (children under 1.2 meters free).
• Opening Hours: 8:30 AM to 7:30 PM (open on holidays).

Travel Tips

• The flower sea is prominently situated along the Dali-Lijiang highway, marked by a large sign, making it easy to find.
• There is a designated parking area nearby, ensuring convenient parking for visitors.
• Best visiting time is during spring and early summer when most flowers are in bloom.
• Bring a camera for stunning photo opportunities and consider visiting during weekdays to avoid crowds.

Renliyi Village and the Flower Language Ranch represent the beauty of Yunnan’s natural landscape while showcasing the cultural richness of the Bai ethnic group. It is a perfect destination for those seeking a blend of scenic beauty, cultural experiences, and recreational activities.

Xier River, originally known as “Xierhe” (嶲洱河), was named after the ancient Xier people who lived along its banks. It serves as the waterway that connects Erhai Lake (洱海) to the Lancang River (澜沧江).

Overview

• Chinese Name: 西洱河
• Total Length: 23 km
• Natural Drop: Approximately 610 m
• Mouth Flow Rate: 30 cubic meters/second
• Also Known As: 嶲河 (Xier River), 洱河 (Er River), 嶲洱河 (Xierhe)

Beautification and Lighting

As night falls, the banks of Xier River shimmer with colorful landscape lighting, illuminating iconic structures like Meideng Bridge (美登大桥), the Xier River Control Gate (西洱河节制闸), and Taian Bridge (泰安桥). This beautification project aims to enhance the aesthetics of the riverbanks, highlighting architectural outlines and elevating the urban ambiance.

The beautification project has a total investment of over 4.8 million yuan and will enhance the green spaces along the banks of Xier River from Meideng Bridge to Taian Bridge, as well as improve lighting on the riverbanks and structures. Various unique lighting options, including floodlights, water lights, ground lights, solar lights, and LED lights, will create a peaceful yet vibrant nighttime atmosphere. The project is currently in the final stages and is expected to be completed by the end of October.

Additional Features

• Eco-friendly Design: The project focuses on sustainable materials and designs to enhance both beauty and ecological health.
• Community Engagement: Local artists and communities are involved in the project, contributing to the aesthetic aspects and cultural representation along the riverbanks.

Tourism Planning

Scope of Planning

The planning scope extends approximately 4 kilometers from Erhai Park (洱海公园) to the Tian Sheng Bridge (天生桥) along the riverbanks and related areas.

Market Positioning

The project aims to analyze and segment the tourism market in Dali (大理) and develop a strategy that includes:

• Target Markets: Identifying key tourist demographics, including eco-tourists, cultural enthusiasts, and adventure seekers.
• Partnerships: Collaborating with local businesses, hotels, and tour operators to create comprehensive tourist packages.

Development Strategies

1. Product-driven and Market-driven Design Choices: Tailoring offerings based on tourist feedback and market trends.
2. Lifecycle Strategies: Implementing plans to manage the product lifecycle, adapting to changes in tourist preferences.
3. Market Strategies for Different Phases:
   • Introduction Phase: Focus on raising awareness and promoting the area.
   • Growth Phase: Enhancing services and expanding attractions based on initial feedback.
   • Maturity Phase: Diversifying offerings to sustain interest.
   • Decline Phase: Innovating to revitalize the area’s appeal.

Hydroelectric Power Stations

Characteristics of Xier River

Xier River is the discharge channel for Erhai Lake, one of Yunnan’s three major plateau lakes, with a constant water level of 1973 m, covering an area of 250 km² and a total volume of 3.16 billion cubic meters. The river flows through regions such as Xiaguan (下关) and Yangbi (漾濞), eventually merging into the Yangbi River (漾濞江), a tributary of the Lancang River. The river traverses steep mountainous valleys, providing excellent conditions for the construction of hydroelectric power stations.

Cascade Hydroelectric System

The cascade hydroelectric system comprises four stations, utilizing a total drop of 605 m with an overall installed capacity of 255 MW and an average annual power generation of 903 million kWh. The first station began construction in October 1958, while the last was completed in December 1980.

First Station

• Location: About 10 km downstream from Xiaguan
• Structure: Perforated dam, with a design head of 220 m and a maximum head of 245 m.
• Capacity: Three units, each with a capacity of 35 MW.
• Operational Start: January 1979
• Details: The facility has a mixed underground design, optimizing space and efficiency.

Second Station

• Location: Downstream from the first station
• Structure: Concrete gravity dam, designed head of 109 m.
• Capacity: Four units, each with a capacity of 12.5 MW.
• Operational Start: July 1978
• Details: This station’s infrastructure supports significant energy production with minimal environmental impact.

Third Station

• Location: Downstream from the second station
• Structure: Reinforced concrete dam.
• Capacity: Four units, each with a capacity of 12.5 MW.
• Operational Start: January 1987
• Details: Equipped with advanced technology to enhance power output and stability.

Fourth Station

• Location: Near Dahe River Village (大合江村)
• Structure: Concrete gravity dam, designed head of 100 m.
• Capacity: Four units, each with a capacity of 12.5 MW.
• Operational Start: December 1972
• Details: The station features modern facilities designed to withstand regional climatic challenges.

How to Get There

By Car:

From Dali Railway Station (大理市火车站):

• Take the West Scenic Line (西景线) to the East Ring Road (环海东路) to reach the Xier River.

Public Transport:

• Local buses frequently run from Dali City to various points along the river, making stops at popular attractions.

Nearby Attractions

• Erhai Lake (洱海): Known for its stunning views and recreational activities such as boating and fishing.
• Dali Ancient Town (大理古城): A historical area rich in culture and vibrant local markets.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The scenic beauty of Xier River can be enjoyed year-round, but visiting during spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) provides pleasant weather.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying local delicacies like Dali grilled fish and Yunnan cheese in nearby eateries.
• Safety: Be cautious near the water and follow local regulations regarding swimming and other water activities. It’s advisable to stay on designated paths and avoid swimming in unmonitored areas.
• Photography: The river and its surroundings provide excellent photo opportunities, especially at sunset and nighttime when the lights are on. Consider bringing a tripod for better night photography.
• Cultural Etiquette: Be respectful of local customs and practices, especially when interacting with residents and visiting cultural sites.