Overview of the Residence
The Former Residence of Cai Fachun (蔡发春府第) is a historical site located in Yunxian County (云县), Lincang (临沧). This building served as the residence for Cai Fachun (蔡发春), a general under the rule of Du Wenxiu (杜文秀). Situated at No. 10, Gaixin Lane (改新巷), Huiying Street (回营街), the residence was constructed during the mid-Qing Dynasty (清朝中期). Its architectural layout features three rooms and a wall (照壁), with the main structure largely intact.
In 1983, it was designated as a county-level cultural heritage site, complete with a protection sign. Subsequently, in October 2005, it was included in the first batch of the municipal government’s list for the preservation of folk architecture as “National Folk Building.”
Historical Significance
The residence represents the historical era of Du Wenxiu’s governance, specifically during the time when Cai Fachun and his family resided there. Located at No. 10, Gaixin Lane, Huiying Street, the building showcases traditional Qing architecture with a layout of three rooms and a wall, remaining largely unaltered over the years. In 1983, it was officially recognized as a county-level cultural heritage site and received a protection sign.
In October 2005, it was added to the first batch of the city’s list of cultural heritage sites for folk architecture, highlighting its significance. Currently, it serves as the residence for five Hui families: Ma Huaili (马怀礼), Ma Huairen (马怀仁), Ma Huaiyi (马怀义), Ma Yicheng (马一诚), and Ma Caimei (马彩梅). This residence is notable as the largest and best-preserved example of the three-room and wall layout in Yunxian County, carrying substantial historical and artistic value.
Location and Architecture
- Chinese Name: 蔡发春府第
- Location: No. 10, Gaixin Lane, Huiying Street, Yunxian County, Yunnan Province (云南省云县回营街改新巷10号)
- Era: Mid-Qing Dynasty (清朝中期)
How to Get There
To visit the Former Residence of Cai Fachun, you can take a bus or drive from Lincang City to Yunxian County. The site is easily accessible via local roads, and public transportation options are available.
Travel Tips
- Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn are ideal for pleasant weather and exploring historical sites.
- What to Bring: A camera for photography and comfortable shoes for walking around the site.
- Cultural Sensitivity: As a historical and cultural site, maintain respect for the residence and its significance.
- Local Cuisine: Try local Hui cuisine available in nearby eateries for an authentic experience.
- Guided Tours: Consider joining a guided tour for a more enriching understanding of the history and architecture.
Overview of ChangAn Bridge
ChangAn Bridge (长安桥) is located about 20 kilometers north of Yunxian County (云县), next to the Maolan River (茂兰河) on the west side of the Maolan Town (茂兰镇) government. It was initially built during the Qianlong era and was rebuilt in the 15th year of the Guangxu era (1889). This stone arch bridge measures 46 meters in length and 3.3 meters in width, with a span of 9 meters and a height of approximately 10 meters above the riverbed. The bridge features stone railings on both sides, adorned with a pair of stone-carved dragon heads facing upstream and downstream. Historically, it served as a vital transportation route between Yunxian and major cities like Dali (大理) and Kunming (昆明). In 1983, it was designated as a county-level cultural heritage site.
Historical Background
ChangAn Bridge is situated roughly 20 kilometers north of Yunxian County, next to the Maolan River on the west side of Maolan Town government. Built in the Qianlong era and renovated in 1889, this stone arch bridge measures 46 meters long, 3.3 meters wide, with a span of 9 meters, and stands about 10 meters above the riverbed. It has stone railings and a pair of stone dragon heads atop the arch, facing the river’s flow. During the Qing Dynasty and early Republic era, it was a key transportation route for the tea-horse trade.
Details and Honors
In 1983, ChangAn Bridge was recognized as a county-level cultural heritage site.
The Tea Horse Road and ChangAn Bridge
The Maolan Town (茂兰镇) in Lincang City (临沧市) was one of the most important stations along the ancient Tea Horse Road (茶马古道). The Tea Horse Road in Maolan extends over 80 miles, featuring inns such as Maolan, Anle (安乐), Shaojie (哨街), and Chaoyang Temple (朝阳寺). ChangAn Bridge, located about 20 kilometers north of Yunxian County, played a significant role in this historic trade route. Historical records indicate that the Maolan market was established around 1610 during the Kangxi era of the Qing Dynasty.
Maolan was not only a key station on the “Yunxia Line” of the Tea Horse Road but also a renowned tea-growing area. In the mid-20th century, as the first horse station along the route from Yunxian to Kunming, Maolan flourished with bustling markets and numerous merchants, especially during the spring tea season from March to June.
Architectural Features
ChangAn Bridge is essential for transport between Lincang, Dali, and Kunming. The bridge spans east to west, resembling a rainbow resting on water. Its elegant yet simple design has stood the test of time against floods for over a century. Although the original bridge has been destroyed and its inscriptions lost, the current bridge was funded by local gentry, including Lu Guangzhao (卢光肇) and Yang Changyuan (杨长元), and reconstructed in 1889. Built with granite blocks, it is arched, measuring 46 meters in length, 4 meters in width, with a 10.6-meter span and standing 10 meters above the riverbed.
ChangAn Bridge is one of the important bridges along the ancient Tea Horse Road, which once saw thousands of travelers and horse caravans. The impressions left by countless hoofprints are still visible today, each telling a beautiful story.
Visiting ChangAn Bridge
Standing by the bridge, one can gaze upon the remnants of the ancient bridge and the long Tea Horse Road, listening to the rushing water. This evokes a sense of nostalgia for the vibrant past when caravans transported goods along this route. The ChangAn Bridge remains a valuable historical resource for Maolan, representing not just a bridge but also a witness to the passage of time. It was recognized as a county-level cultural heritage site in 1986 and elevated to a municipal level in 2006.
Today, the ancient bridge stands weathered yet resilient alongside the bustling asphalt roads of Maolan. Despite the dust raised by passing vehicles and the modern scene illuminated by streetlights, it continues to witness the myriad changes over centuries.
How to Get There
To reach ChangAn Bridge, visitors can travel by bus or car from Lincang City to Yunxian County and then proceed to Maolan Town. The bridge is accessible via local roads and is well-signposted.
Travel Tips
- Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn offer pleasant weather for exploration.
- What to Bring: Consider bringing a camera for photography and comfortable shoes for walking.
- Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying local dishes available in nearby restaurants, especially tea-based meals.
- Accommodation: Look for guesthouses in Maolan for a cultural stay.
- Cultural Respect: While visiting, be mindful of the historical significance of the bridge and surrounding areas.
Overview of Maolan Hot Spring
Maolan Hot Spring (茂兰温泉) is located in Maolan Township (茂兰乡) and features a group of natural hot springs with a maximum flow rate of 8 L/S and a minimum of 4.86 L/S. The water temperature averages around 68°C and is rich in various beneficial trace elements. This hot spring is beloved by local residents for its abundant flow, numerous springs, and high therapeutic value. Basic bathing facilities have been established for visitors.
Historical Significance
Maolan is a historic town with over 300 years of civilization. Nestled at the foot of Dabin Mountain (大丙山), it historically served as an important post station on the ancient Tea Horse Road (茶马古道). This town was a pivotal first horse station for travelers heading north to Dali (大理) and Lhasa (拉萨), and east into other provinces. The deep-rooted culture of more than 300 years has laid a solid foundation for the development of Maolan.
Geographical Context
Maolan Town (茂兰镇) is situated in the northeast part of Yunxian County (云县) and borders several areas, including Manwan Town (漫湾镇), the Manghai Yi and Blang Ethnic Township (忙怀彝族布朗族乡), Xiaojie Township (晓街乡), Aihua Town (爱华镇), Yaojie Yi Ethnic Township in Fengqing County (凤庆县), and Xinmin Township in Nanjiang Yi Autonomous County (南涧彝族自治县) of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (大理白族自治州). The climate is primarily influenced by the warm and humid conditions from the Indian Ocean, the southwest monsoon, and equatorial radiation, characterized by distinct dry and rainy seasons. Most areas have a short frost period, except for higher altitudes.
Natural Resources
Maolan Hot Spring is the only hot spring group in Maolan Town, making it a unique natural resource for the area. With a maximum flow rate of 8 L/S, a minimum of 4.86 L/S, and a temperature of around 68°C, it offers an abundance of minerals that promote health and wellness. The hot spring water flows at a rate of 0.08 cubic meters per second, showcasing Maolan’s exceptional natural resources.
How to Get There
To reach Maolan Hot Spring, you can travel from Lincang City (临沧市) by car or local transport. The hot spring is accessible via regional roads that connect with the main highways leading into Yunxian County.
Travel Tips
- Best Time to Visit: The ideal seasons are spring and autumn when the weather is comfortable.
- What to Bring: Consider bringing swimwear, towels, and personal toiletries for bathing.
- Local Cuisine: Enjoy local delicacies in nearby eateries to experience authentic flavors.
- Accommodation: Look for guesthouses or hotels in Maolan Town for a convenient stay.
- Health Benefits: Take advantage of the mineral-rich waters for relaxation and therapeutic benefits.
Overview of Liangshan Tianchi Lake
Liangshan Tianchi Lake (亮山天池), also known as Pinghe Reservoir (平河水库), is located in the southeastern part of Yunxian County (云县), approximately 75 kilometers from the county seat. Sitting at an elevation of 2,400 meters, the area experiences cold, dry winters and cool, humid summers, with fresh air that makes it an ideal place for leisure, sightseeing, and summer retreats. The site receives an average of over 500,000 visitors annually.
- Chinese Name: 云县亮山生态度假旅游区
- Foreign Name: Zunyoung
- Geographical Location: Yunxian County
- Climate Conditions: Warm winters and cool summers
- Opening Hours: All day
- Admission Price: Free
- Area: 1,500 square meters
- Famous Attractions: Liangshan Tianchi Lake, Liangshan Linhai, Caocang Huahai
Geographical Context of the Attraction
Liangshan Tianchi Lake is situated south of Yongbao Town (涌宝镇), 66 kilometers from the county seat and 7 kilometers from Yongbao Town itself. With an altitude of 2,400 meters, the lake holds approximately 2.4 million cubic meters of water and covers an area of 0.1 square kilometers. The cool and humid climate makes it an ideal summer retreat.
Historical Significance
Liangshan Tianchi Lake was established in 1957 and completed for use in 1960. The total area of the reservoir is about 15 hectares, with an annual storage capacity of 2.4 million cubic meters. It benefits two villagers’ committees, 23 village groups, 750 households, and 2,356 people, along with providing water for over 6,000 livestock and 1,200 acres of farmland. In 2005, a small hydropower station with a capacity of 240,000 kilowatts was constructed downstream, effectively utilizing the area’s natural resources.
Unique Features
Liangshan Tianchi Lake is an artificial lake with a unique geographical position and natural conditions, characterized by distinctive mountains, dense forests, and rich water resources that create a high mountain canyon landscape. The area is a treasure trove of natural flora and fauna, home to key protected wild animals such as the white pheasant (白鹇), black bear (黑熊), and the key protected animal in Yunnan, the flying squirrel (鼯鼠), as well as monkeys, wild chickens, and muntjacs. The rich forest resources include a variety of plant species, featuring state-protected plants like camphor trees (香樟树), seven-leaf-one-branch flowers (七叶一枝花), chicken blood vine (鸡血藤), and various valuable medicinal herbs.
Described as a high mountain gem, Liangshan Tianchi Lake features crystal-clear waters, picturesque surroundings, and is often compared to a paradise. The clear, blue waters host playful wild ducks and soaring birds, while the scenery includes willows swaying gently and bamboo casting beautiful shadows, creating a dreamy, enchanting atmosphere. A small natural island within the lake is covered in lush trees and blooming mountain flowers, making the entire area resemble a fairyland that captivates visitors.
Surrounding Scenery
The southern side of Tianchi Lake is bordered by the vast Liangshan Forest Sea (亮山林海), an ecological forest area spanning 19,600 acres. To the north lies the vibrant Caocang Huahai (草场花海), where grasses and flowers flourish. Together, Tianchi Lake, the forest, and the grassland create a breathtaking landscape, ideal for city dwellers seeking to escape pollution and return to nature.
Liangshan Forest Sea
The Liangshan Forest Sea covers an area of 19,600 acres, with towering ancient trees and abundant flowers and wild fruits. Walking through the forest, one is enveloped by the beauty and purity of nature, enhanced by the melodies of chirping birds.
Caocang Huahai
The northern slope of Tianchi Lake rises to 2,410 meters, leading to a gentle, expansive natural grassland covering 0.15 square kilometers. The lush green grass and vibrant flowers create a peaceful scene with flocks of sheep leisurely grazing, making it a picturesque setting for relaxation and contemplation.
How to Get There
To reach Liangshan Tianchi Lake, visitors can travel by car or bus from Lincang City (临沧市) to Yunxian County, and then take local transport to Yongbao Town, followed by a short drive to the lake.
Travel Tips
- Best Time to Visit: Spring and summer are ideal for enjoying the natural beauty and mild weather.
- What to Bring: Pack hiking gear, swimwear, and picnic supplies for a full day of enjoyment.
- Local Cuisine: Try local dishes available in nearby eateries for a taste of regional flavors.
- Accommodation: Look for guesthouses or hotels in Yunxian County for a comfortable stay.
- Wildlife Watching: Be on the lookout for the diverse wildlife and take care to respect their natural habitat.
Introduction
The Yunnan-Myanmar Railway Site (滇缅铁路遗址) is located in Heimatao Village (黑马塘村), Aihua Town (爱华镇), Yunxian County (云县), Lincang (临沧), adjacent to the bifurcation of the watershed of the Pacific Ocean (太平洋) and Indian Ocean (印度洋) along the Xianglin Secondary Highway (祥临二级公路), approximately 15 kilometers from the county seat. This site represents a total investment of 15 million yuan and is divided into scenic and functional areas, showcasing the heroic contributions of the Lincang people in supporting the war effort and constructing the Yunnan-Myanmar Railway. The main attractions include sculptures representing the railway, dynamic landmarks at the watershed, thematic stone carvings that promote the spirit of Lincang, and supporting facilities. The site also extends to include a 200,000-acre walnut plantation (核桃基地) and high-quality tea gardens (高优茶园). The project was planned to be completed before the National Day holiday in 2010, with the first phase starting construction in December 2009 and completed by the end of 2013.
General Information
- Chinese Name: 滇缅铁路遗址
- English Name: Yunnan-Myanmar Railway Site
- Location: Heimatao Village (黑马塘村), Aihua Town (爱华镇), Yunxian County (云县), Lincang (临沧)
- Climate Type: Subtropical monsoon climate (亚热带季风气候)
- Opening Hours: All day (全天)
- Attraction Level: 2A Level (2A级)
Geographic Location
The Yunnan-Myanmar Railway Site is situated in the southwestern part of Yunnan Province (云南省), specifically in the eastern region of Lincang (临沧地区). It lies between longitudes 99°43′—100°33′ and latitudes 23°56′—24°46′, with a maximum north-south distance of 90.4 km and a maximum east-west distance of 84.2 km. The total area is 3,760 square kilometers, housing a population of over 400,000.
Historical Background
The railway began surveying in 1938 due to the needs of the Anti-Japanese War and commenced construction in 1939. The line extended from Kunming (昆明) southwest through several towns, including Anning (安宁), Chuxiong (楚雄), Xiangyun (祥云), Midu (弥渡), Nanjian (南涧), Yunxian (云县), Lincang (临沧), Yongde (永德), Zhenkang (镇康), Gengma (耿马), and crossing into Myanmar at Lashio (腊戌) to connect with the capital city of Myanmar, Yangon (仰光).
The total length of the railway in Yunnan is 886 kilometers. Construction started in August 1939 and was completed by 1942. However, in April 1942, due to the war, the railway was destroyed, and the Lincang people experienced a period of immense hardship. To commemorate this historical significance, the city council and government decided to establish the Yunnan-Myanmar Railway Site Memorial Park (滇缅铁路遗址纪念园).
Key Historical Events:
- Late 19th Century: British attempts to construct a railway from Myanmar into Yunnan.
- Early 20th Century: Sun Yat-sen’s vision for building the Yunnan-Myanmar railway as an international corridor.
- 1935: A survey team was sent to assess the railway route from Qinhua Cave (清华洞) to Mengding (孟定).
- 1939: The establishment of the Yunnan-Myanmar Railway Engineering Bureau.
- 1942: Completion of the railway’s base, which was then destroyed due to the invasion by Japanese forces.
Attractions and Facilities
The project emphasizes unique characteristics, complete supporting facilities, and functionality. The site includes green areas, public facilities, and well-planned roads. The greening project and the “Tea Road” diversion started construction by the end of November. The landscaping features high-quality tea gardens, transplanted walnut trees (核桃), and the introduction of cherry trees, while protecting slopes with Bougainvillea (三角梅).
The Yunnan-Myanmar Railway Site will leave a lasting memorial landscape for future generations, symbolizing the tenacity and self-reliance of the Lincang people. It serves as a cultural tourism site and a critical point for developing the cultural tourism industry. The completion of this project will significantly promote the construction of the Lincang International Thoroughfare and contribute to rapid economic and social development.
Reconstruction of the Site
The Yunnan-Myanmar Railway was fully constructed by 1942, just before track laying was set to begin. However, it was destroyed due to the war, marking a tragic chapter in history. The Lincang section of the railway spans over 300 kilometers and was the most challenging segment to build. The local government has initiated the construction of the memorial site to commemorate this critical historical event.
The main attractions include:
- Sculptures of the Yunnan-Myanmar Railway: Celebrating the construction efforts.
- Dynamic Landmarks of the Watershed: Representing the Pacific and Indian Oceans.
- Thematic Stone Carvings: Promoting the spirit of Lincang.
- Supporting Facilities: Enhancing the visitor experience.
- 200,000-acre Walnut Base: An extension of the scenic area.
How to Get There
To reach the Yunnan-Myanmar Railway Site, visitors can follow these transportation options:
- By Bus: Regular bus services operate from Lincang to Yunxian County.
- By Taxi: Taxis are available in Lincang, providing direct transport to the site.
- Self-Driving: Renting a car is an option for travelers wanting flexibility in exploring the region.
Travel Tips
- Best Time to Visit: The ideal time is during the dry season, from October to April, for favorable weather and accessibility.
- Safety: Ensure to follow local guidelines when exploring the site, especially in the natural areas.
- Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying Yunnan’s famous rice noodles (过桥米线) and other regional specialties.
- Respect Local Culture: Be mindful of local customs, especially when interacting with ethnic communities in the region.
- Photography: Bring a camera to capture the stunning landscapes and historical monuments.
- Guided Tours: Consider taking guided tours to gain deeper insights into the railway’s history and its impact on the region.
Introduction to Xiyi Village
Xiyi Village (昔宜村) is located in the northern part of Lincang City (临沧市), Yunnan Province (云南省). With the construction of the Xianglin Secondary Road (祥临二级公路), it has become a vital passageway to Lincang, earning the title “First Village of Lincang” (临沧第一村). On December 31, 2019, Xiyi Village was selected as part of the second batch of National Forest Villages.
Scenic Highlights
Known as the “First Village of the Northern Gate of Lincang” (临沧北门第一村), Xiyi Village is a shining pearl nestled along the right bank of the Lancang River (澜沧江), serving as the core scenic area of the “Hundred Mile Long Lake” (百里长湖). Xiyi is an ideal destination for health and wellness tourism, self-driving travel, and ecological education.
The Lancang River Bridge (澜沧江跨江大桥) serves as a beautiful “High Gorge Flying Rainbow” (高峡飞虹), connecting Yunxian County (云县) and Nanjiang County (南涧县) in Dali Prefecture (大理州). Before sunrise, the area is tranquil and serene as fishermen begin their daily activities. The morning light casts a golden hue over the Lancang River, reflecting the beauty of the bridge and the scattered fishing boats of local villagers, framed by white clouds and green mountains.
Attractions and Activities
Visitors can take boats upstream to reach the Xiaowan Hydropower Station (小湾电站) or downstream to the Manwan Hydropower Station (漫湾电站). A leisurely boat ride down the river showcases picturesque landscapes, ancient trees, and dense vines along both banks. Notable attractions along the Lancang River include the Lancang River Grand Canyon (澜沧江大峡谷), Yunhai Mountain Villa (云海山庄), the Manghuai Neolithic Site (忙怀新石器遗址), Chaoshan Temple (朝山寺), the Yunnan-Myanmar Railway Ruins (滇缅铁路遗址), ethnic villages, and hydropower station views.
Whether floating downstream or paddling upstream against the current, visitors are treated to dramatic cliffs and unique rock formations. The lake’s surface mirrors the blue sky, white clouds, and green mountains, creating a picturesque scene that captivates all who visit.
Local Lifestyle
In Xiyi, the village is equipped with facilities such as picking gardens, ecological parks, farmhouses, and lakeside corridors. Locals engage in fishing and leisurely activities. Tourists can enjoy boat rides along the Hundred Mile Long Lake, explore the legends of Shenzhou Crossing (神舟渡), or fish by the river while admiring sunflowers and rapeseed flowers. For those seeking adventure, beach buggies are available, while others can relax on the sandy shores, swaying on swings as they soak in the tranquil atmosphere.
Xiyi Village Overview
Xiyi Village is located 38 kilometers from the town government of Manwan (漫湾镇) and comprises 26 villager groups, 43 natural villages, 842 households, and 3,779 residents, predominantly from the Yi (彝族), Blang (布朗族), and Dai (傣族) ethnic groups. It is a key village supported after the relocation from the Manwan Hydropower Station area.
Covering an area of 44.24 square kilometers, the village has 3,450 acres of arable land, with an average of 0.9 acres per person. Key crops include rice and corn, along with specialty crops like citrus, walnut, and tobacco. The ecological environment is well-preserved, and the village’s geographical location provides favorable climatic conditions, with an annual average temperature of 25°C.
Development of Xiyi Village
Over the years, with the growth of these industries, the living standards in Xiyi Village have steadily improved. Out of the 43 natural villages, 21 are now accessible by road, and the electricity supply covers 100% of households. The village has one fully equipped six-year elementary school and six village schools with a total of 455 students and 48 teachers.
Healthcare facilities include a medical clinic with two beds and two village doctors. Housing conditions have also improved, with ongoing renovations to ensure homes harmonize with the natural environment, showcasing local cultural characteristics.
Xiyi Village has convenient transportation, an excellent geographical location, and beautiful landscapes, making it an attractive spot for tourism development. The Xianglin Secondary Road Bridge adds a significant human touch to the breathtaking scenery of the Lancang River and its surrounding rural areas.
How to Get There
To reach Xiyi Village, you can drive via the Xianglin Secondary Road. It is approximately 38 kilometers from the nearest town government of Manwan. Public transport options may include buses or taxis from Lincang City to the village.
Travel Tips
- Best Time to Visit: The ideal time to visit is during spring and autumn when the weather is pleasant.
- Local Cuisine: Don’t miss the chance to try local dishes such as pickled fish and papaya chicken in local restaurants.
- Accommodation: Consider staying in local guesthouses to experience the authentic village lifestyle.
- Activities: Engage in fishing, boating, and exploring the natural beauty; participate in local cultural events if available.
- Respect Nature: Follow guidelines to protect the ecological environment and respect local customs.
Introduction to Shenzhoudu
Shenzhoudu (神舟渡) is situated near Chaoyang Temple (朝阳寺) in Shaojie (哨街), Maolan Town (茂兰镇), Yunxian County (云县), Lincang (临沧). This ferry operates on a wide section of the Lancang River (澜沧江), measuring approximately 170 meters across, with a swift current exceeding 5 meters per second. The site is not only a crucial transport link but also steeped in local legends and historical significance.
Historical Significance
According to local folklore, the ferry is named after Emperor Jianwen (建文帝), Zhu Yunjun (朱允炆), who was said to have received divine assistance during his crossing. The surrounding area is characterized by steep mountains and turbulent waters, described in ancient texts as both beautiful and treacherous. Historical accounts indicate that Shenzhoudu was a vital crossing point for traders and travelers in ancient times, facilitating commerce between Yunnan (云南) and regions such as Sichuan (四川) and Tibet (西藏).
The location has served as a crucial point along the ancient tea-horse road, where tea traders transported Pu’er tea (普洱茶) to distant markets. As noted in “Xinzhuan Yunnan Tongzhi” (新纂云南通志), merchants traveling to and from areas like Ning (宁), Myanmar (缅甸), and other parts of Yunnan often relied on this ferry.
Geography and Environment
The geographical landscape surrounding Shenzhoudu is characterized by its rugged cliffs and unique rock formations, making it a visually stunning area. Visitors can enjoy panoramic views of the Lancang River, which winds through the dramatic landscape.
The ferry area also features diverse flora and fauna, with opportunities for birdwatching and appreciating local biodiversity. This natural beauty attracts not only history buffs but also nature enthusiasts.
Cultural Heritage
Shenzhoudu is deeply rooted in local culture and folklore. The ferry not only facilitated trade but also became a symbol of the resilience of the local communities. Stories about Emperor Jianwen have contributed to the ferry’s cultural significance, as it represents a connection to the region’s rich history.
Visitors can explore remnants of the past, including the old ferry worker homes and the small temple built on the cliffside, which once housed a clay statue of “Zhenjiang Dawang” (镇江大王), although it has since been destroyed.
Getting There
To reach Shenzhoudu Ferry, travelers can head to Yunxian County (云县) in Lincang (临沧). Local transportation options include:
- Buses: Regular buses connect Lincang to Yunxian, with services frequently available.
- Taxis: Taxis and ride-sharing services are also options for those seeking direct transportation to the ferry.
- Self-Driving: For those who prefer driving, rental cars are available in Lincang, providing flexibility to explore the region.
Nearby Attractions
- Chaoyang Temple (朝阳寺): A short distance from the ferry, this temple is known for its beautiful architecture and serene environment.
- Lancang River Scenic Area (澜沧江风景区): Offers opportunities for hiking, fishing, and enjoying the river’s beauty.
- Tea Plantations: Explore local tea farms to learn about the history and production of Pu’er tea.
Travel Tips
- Best Time to Visit: The dry season from October to April is ideal for visiting, as water levels are manageable, making ferry rides safer and more enjoyable.
- Safety Precautions: Due to the swift current, always heed local warnings and follow safety guidelines while using the ferry.
- Local Cuisine: Sample local dishes in nearby towns, such as Yunnan rice noodles (过桥米线) and various tea-infused dishes, to experience authentic Yunnan cuisine.
- Cultural Etiquette: Be respectful of local customs, especially when interacting with the Dai (傣族) ethnic community prevalent in the area.
- Photography: The stunning landscapes provide excellent photography opportunities, so bring your camera to capture the beauty of Shenzhoudu and its surroundings.
Introduction to Xiyi Village
Nestled on the right bank of the Lancang River (澜沧江) in Yunxian County (云县), Lincang (临沧), Xiyi Village (昔宜村), also known as the “First Village of Lincang’s Northern Gate,” shines like a dazzling pearl. This area is the core attraction of the “Hundred-Mile Long Lake” and serves as an ideal destination for wellness tourism, self-driving travel, health industries, and scientific research exhibitions.
Xiyi Village and Its Scenic Bridge
Constructed in 2003, the Xiyang Secondary Road (祥临二级公路) Lancang River Bridge ( 云县昔宜澜沧江大桥) connects the village of Laodihe (落底河村) in Nanjiang County (南涧县) of Dali Prefecture (大理州) with Xiyi Village in Yunxian County. The bridge spans 716 meters in length and 12 meters in width, known for its beautiful name, “High Canyon Flying Rainbow” (高峡飞虹). Over the past 20 years, the left bank has developed the “Menglong Crossing” (猛龙渡), which is Dali’s first public swimming base. On the right bank, Xiyi Dock (昔宜码头) and various leisure facilities have emerged, making it a popular spot for tourism and swimming enthusiasts.
Before sunrise, the serene blue waters come alive as fishermen begin their daily tasks, and the morning light bathes the earth. The tranquil Lancang River reflects the bridge, with fishing boats dotting the water, while the clouds and mountains create a picturesque backdrop.
Scenic Views and Activities
Here, visitors can take a boat upstream to Xiaowan Power Station (小湾电站) or downstream to Manwan Power Station (漫湾电站). Drift down the river and experience breathtaking scenery, ancient trees soaring to the sky, and lush vines lining the banks. Notable attractions along the river include the Lancang River Grand Canyon (澜沧江大峡谷), Yunhai Mountain Villa (云海山庄), the Manghuai New Stone Age Site (忙怀新石器遗址), Chaoshan Temple (朝山寺), the Yunnan-Burma Railway Ruins (滇缅铁路遗址), and various ethnic cultural villages.
Boating upstream, visitors will find steep cliffs and unusual rock formations resembling birds and beasts. The lake’s surface mirrors the blue sky, white clouds, green mountains, and human figures, creating a scene reminiscent of poetry and painting.
In Xiyi, facilities such as picking gardens, ecological parks, and lakeside corridors are well-established. Villagers fish and dry their nets, while leisurely anglers enjoy their time. Visitors can ride boats to explore the legend of Shen Zhou Crossing (神舟渡), fish along the river, stroll along the boardwalk to admire sunflowers and rapeseed flowers, and listen to the enchanting tales of the Lancang River while savoring the taste of wild river fish. For the adventurous, there are opportunities to ride beach buggies or enjoy a sunset walk on the beach.
Historical Significance of Xiyi
Historically, Xiyi served as a fishing village and was the largest “bazi” (坝子) within a tens-of-kilometers radius along the Lancang River. When the Nanzhao Kingdom (南诏国) constructed ancient paths, the names of the stations and ferries established along the route were influenced by Confucian culture, perhaps as a form of expression or atonement.
Xiyi Village is located 38 kilometers from the government seat of Manwan Town (漫湾镇) and comprises 26 villagers’ groups with 842 households and 3,779 residents, primarily from the Yi (彝族), Blang (布朗族), and Dai (傣族) ethnic groups. The region is supported by post-relocation efforts from the Manwan Power Station area. The climate is favorable, with an average annual temperature of 25°C and abundant rainfall.
Recognition and Development
On December 31, 2019, Xiyi Village was selected for the second batch of National Forest Villages. Its strategic location, with the Xiyang Secondary Road cutting through and the Lancang River Bridge spanning north and south, adds to its significance. The bridge, at 716 meters long and 11.4 meters wide, boasts a maximum tower height of 150 meters above the water. Upon completion, it was the first steel-concrete composite beam suspension bridge in the country and the longest in Yunnan Province. The innovative design includes a viewing area showcasing the cultural sculptures of Dali and Lincang, transforming the area into a large park that resembles a colorful ribbon across the Lancang River.
Scenic Beauty
The rippling waters of the river now host large vessels, replacing the small wooden boats of yesteryear, inviting reflections on the ancient ferry. The riverside fishing village has evolved into guesthouses, where floating white clouds occasionally shade the sun. The tall green mountains stand proudly against each other, and the soft sandy beaches provide warmth. Xiyi’s scenery—comprising the river, beaches, colorful bridges, boats, white clouds, mountains, residences, and visitors—forms a stunning ink painting, showcasing the most beautiful bridge and ferry on the Lancang River.
How to Get There
To reach Xiyi Village, travelers can take a bus or self-drive from Lincang City. The journey from Lincang City to Xiyi Village is approximately 38 kilometers and can be completed in about 50 minutes by car. Alternatively, public transportation options are available from nearby towns.
Travel Tips
- Best Time to Visit: The ideal time to explore Xiyi Village and the Lancang River Bridge is from spring to autumn when the weather is pleasant and the scenery is at its best.
- Local Cuisine: Be sure to try local delicacies such as sour fish (酸菜鱼) and papaya chicken (木瓜鸡) at local eateries.
- Leisure Activities: Take advantage of fishing spots, hiking trails, and boat rides to fully experience the beauty of the area.
- Cultural Respect: Engage with local customs and traditions, especially when visiting ethnic communities.
- Bring Essentials: Sunscreen, water, and comfortable shoes are recommended for outdoor activities.
Overview of the Nature Reserve
Dabingshan Nature Reserve (大丙山自然保护区) is located in Yunxian County (云县), Lincang (临沧). It encompasses areas around Maolan Town (茂兰镇) including Shaojie Village (哨街村), Wenping Village (温平村), Zhuanshuihe Village (转水河村), Bingling Village (丙令村), Jiu Village (旧村), and Manwan Town (漫湾镇), specifically in villages like Baiying Mountain (白莺山村) and Heitao Forest (黑桃林村). The reserve covers approximately 10,000 acres of land across ten village committees, including state-owned forests, collective forests, and land contracted by villagers.
This area is rich in ancient tea tree resources, with over 1,500 acres of wild ancient tea trees and more than 3,310 acres of cultivated ancient tea trees. Notably, the cultivated ancient tea tree groves in Baiying Mountain and the wild ancient tea trees in Shaojie Village are particularly striking.
Unique Tea Varieties
The ancient tree tea (古树茶) from Dabingshan is renowned for its unique honey aroma, robust tea essence, and a balanced flavor profile that combines bitterness and sweetness. The tea soup is fragrant, bright yellow, and can withstand multiple infusions. The leaves are thick, soft, and have a deep green color, with rich nutrients due to the favorable natural conditions. This tea is traditionally hand-pressed, resulting in a rich and mellow taste.
Yunxian not only boasts abundant ancient tea tree resources but also promotes the tea industry through specialized ecological practices, tax growth, and management of tea gardens. For instance, the management efforts in Manwan Town reflect the local commitment to the tea industry and a pursuit of quality.
Ancient Tea Tree Regions
In the regions of Manwan and Maolan, there is a significant concentration of ancient tea trees. Within the Dabingshan Reserve, the area of wild ancient tea trees reaches about 1,500 acres, encompassing Baiying Mountain, Heitao Forest, and Xincun, among others. This region features cultivated ancient tea trees on state-owned, collective, and contracted lands, with a total of tens of thousands of trees. The ancient tea tree groves in Baiying Mountain and Shaojie Village alone cover approximately 3,310 acres. The Baiying Mountain ancient tea tree grove, located at an altitude of 2,217 meters, hosts trees ranging in height from 5.9 meters to 9.7 meters, with over 160 trees exceeding 400 years in age, covering around 810 acres.
One of the most representative ancient tea trees is located in the Baiying Mountain Village’s Xiong Family Group, owned by Luo Zhengqiang. This tree stands at 10.5 meters tall, with a canopy spread of 9×9.6 meters and a root circumference of 3.7 meters, reportedly over 400 years old. In the Shigada Village Group of the Shaojie Village Committee, the wild ancient tea tree grove spans 500 acres and contains 168 ancient tea trees, with the largest measuring a root circumference of 1.60 meters and a height of 9 meters, displaying characteristics of a large terrace-type ancient tea tree.
In addition to these two main areas, there are approximately 1,960 acres of ancient tea trees distributed across eight other regions, collectively representing a rich resource of tea trees in this land. These ancient tea tree groves not only witness the passage of history but also serve as an important heritage of tea culture in Yunnan.
Rhododendron Blooming Season
Dabingshan is also famous for its blooming rhododendrons (杜鹃花). Every year before the Spring Festival, the mountains are adorned with these flowers, available in red, white, and pink varieties. They create a vibrant atmosphere on the slopes and in the virgin forests, bringing joy to outdoor enthusiasts and climbers.
Baiying Mountain Tea Garden
Baiying Mountain (白莺山), located in the Lincang Tea Region on the banks of the Lancang River (澜沧江) in Manwan Town, stands at about 2,800 meters. It is often shrouded in clouds and mist, making it a true high-altitude tea garden. The area receives ample sunlight, has abundant water resources, and experiences significant temperature variations between day and night, all ideal for tea tree cultivation.
The ancient tea tree resources in Baiying Mountain are rich, often referred to as a “gene bank” of ancient tea trees. The tea gardens are vast, featuring diverse ancient tea tree varieties, making it a natural museum of ancient tea trees. Notable varieties include Benshan tea (本山茶), Ergazi tea (二嘎子茶), Heitiaozhi tea (黑条子茶), Baiyazi tea (白芽子茶), and Mengku tea (勐库茶), among over ten distinct types.
Cultural Significance
Baiying Mountain is also known as the “Holy Land of Buddhist Tea” (佛茶圣地). A monument inscribed by renowned calligrapher Shen Peng (沈鹏) signifies this status. Historically, Baiying Mountain was home to the large Dahuasi Temple (大河寺), where Buddhist monks gathered for centuries, fostering the earliest Buddhist tea culture in Yunnan.
How to Get There
To reach Dabingshan Nature Reserve, travelers can fly into Lincang Airport (临沧机场) and then take a taxi or arrange for a local driver to Maolan Town. The reserve is about a 1.5-hour drive from the airport. Alternatively, buses connect Lincang with Yunxian County, from where you can take a taxi to the reserve.
Travel Tips
- Best Time to Visit: The blooming season for rhododendrons is around the Spring Festival (January-February), while the tea picking season is typically from March to May.
- What to Bring: Comfortable hiking shoes, a camera for photography, and plenty of water. Don’t forget to bring your own snacks or a lunch, as food options in the reserve may be limited.
- Local Customs: Respect the local culture and traditions, especially in the villages surrounding the reserve. Engaging with local tea farmers can provide deeper insights into the ancient tea tree culture.
- Safety: Be cautious while hiking, especially in areas with steep terrain, and keep track of the weather conditions as they can change rapidly in mountainous regions.
Overview
Baiyingshan Ancient Tea Museum (云县白莺山古茶园自然博物馆) is situated deep within the Hengduan Mountains (横断山脉), specifically in the Daping Mountain (大丙山) area of Yun County (云县), Lincang City (临沧市), Yunnan Province (云南省). This tea biodiversity research base is located on the west bank of the Lancang River (澜沧江) in Manwan Town (漫湾镇).
Baiying Mountain Tea Garden
Baiying Mountain is celebrated as a natural museum of ancient tea trees, hosting a rich collection of tea germplasm resources. This region, lying in the middle reaches of the Lancang River, is historically significant for the cultivation of Yunnan big-leaf tea (云南大叶茶). With optimal geographical conditions, the mountain provides unique growth environments for tea trees. Spanning an area of 12,400 hectares, Baiying Mountain is situated between 1,800 and 2,300 meters above sea level and is home to over 1.8 million ancient tea trees, some of which are over 2,400 years old. These trees exhibit diverse shapes and lush foliage, representing the long history of tea cultivation.
Tea Tree Varieties and Characteristics
The superior ecological conditions of the Lancang River basin allow tea trees to absorb ample nutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Research from the Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (云南省农科院) indicates that Baiying Mountain tea contains 32.69% tea polyphenols, 195.072 mg of catechins, 4.39% caffeine, and 45.27% water extract. The garden features 12 tea tree varieties, including Ben Mountain tea (本山茶), Black Strip tea (黑条子茶), Ergazi tea (二嘎子茶), White Bud tea (白芽子茶), and White Bud Kou tea (白芽口茶). This diversity encompasses wild, cultivated, and transitional types, showcasing unique domestication and cultivation methods.
Historical and Cultural Significance
Evidence from the Manghuai New Stone Age site (芒怀新石器时代遗址) suggests that human ancestors were active in the Baiying Mountain area over 4,000 years ago. Early inhabitants collected “wild tea,” marking the beginning of tea tree domestication. Over time, natural hybridization and mutations produced various tea types, leading to a unique landscape where different tea varieties coexist.
Current Status and Recognition
The Baiying Mountain tea area spans 56,000 acres, centered around Baiying Mountain Village (白莺山村) in Manwan Town, encompassing 25 administrative villages. With over 2 million ancient tea trees, nearly 30,000 acres are dedicated to the Baiying Mountain Ancient Tea Garden. Notably, the “Ergazi Tea King” (二嘎子茶王), aged 2,800 years, stands as a prominent representative.
Baiying Mountain, often shrouded in mist with significant temperature variations between day and night, features loose, well-drained soil rich in organic matter, promoting nutrient absorption. The exceptional natural conditions yield high-quality tea known for its rich taste and abundant nutrients.
Recognition and Inauguration
In the 21st century, Baiying Mountain has gained recognition as a key area for tea research. In May 2006, experts recognized it as the only known area where the evolution of tea trees from wild to cultivated can be observed. It is considered a natural laboratory for tea tree origin and evolution research. On May 13, 2021, the Baiying Mountain Tea Tree Evolution Natural Museum (白莺山茶树演化自然博物馆) was inaugurated, marking a significant step in resource protection, scientific research, and brand promotion for the ancient tea trees of Baiying Mountain.
Address
Baiyingshan Ancient Tea Museum: Yunxian County, Lincang City, Yunnan Province, China (云南省临沧市云县).
How to Get There
To reach the Baiyingshan Ancient Tea Museum, visitors can take a bus or drive from Lincang City. The area is accessible via local roads, and signs will guide you to the museum.
Travel Tips
- Best Time to Visit: Consider visiting during local tea festivals or events for a rich cultural experience.
- What to Bring: Pack comfortable clothing for walking and a camera for capturing the stunning scenery and tea culture.
- Activities: Engage with local tea practices, sample various teas, and explore the unique landscapes that illustrate the history of tea cultivation in the region.
Overview
Xingfu Dai Ethnic Garden (云县幸福镇傣族寨风情园) is located in Yunxian County (云县), within Xingfu Town (幸福镇), specifically in Xingfu Village (幸福村), Dai Ethnic Village Group (傣族寨村民小组), Lincang (临沧), Yunnan Province (云南省). This cultural garden showcases the unique customs and traditions of the Dai Ethnic Group (傣族), featuring delightful local snacks and the warm hospitality of the Dai people. Visitors can enjoy enchanting Dai performances, including traditional songs and dances that create an unforgettable experience.
Cultural and Scenic Highlights
The Dai villages are characterized by tranquil environments and well-organized architecture. Regardless of the village size, whether housing one to two hundred households, each is typically located near a river, stream, or pond. The houses are arranged systematically, nestled among lush greenery of trees and bamboo. Roads within the villages are wide and flat, often lined with sacred Bodhi trees (菩提树) near temples.
Surrounding the homes are bamboo or wooden fences, with fruit trees, ornamental plants, or firewood trees (often blackheart trees – 黑心树) planted inside. Entering a Dai village reveals a picturesque landscape filled with swaying coconut palms, upright betel nut trees, slender bamboo, and giant banana leaves. The gentle sound of flowing water, vibrant flowers, and melodious birdsong create a tropical paradise that captivates visitors.
Location
The exact address is Xingfu Village, Dai Ethnic Village Group, Xingfu Town, Yunxian County, Lincang City, Yunnan Province (云南省临沧市云县幸福镇幸福村傣族寨村民小组).
How to Get There
To reach Xingfu Dai Ethnic Garden, visitors can take a bus or drive from Lincang City. The area is accessible via local roads, and signs are available to guide travelers to the garden.
Travel Tips
- Best Time to Visit: The best time to explore the garden is during local festivals or events, when traditional customs are prominently displayed.
- What to Bring: Bring comfortable clothing for exploring and camera equipment for capturing the stunning scenery and cultural performances.
- Activities: Engage with local traditions, taste authentic Dai cuisine, and enjoy the beautiful landscapes that epitomize the charm of the Dai culture.
Overview
In mid-June, the air is filled with the sweet fragrance of mangoes. As the 2023 Yongde Mango Festival approaches, the 50,000 mu (approximately 3,333 hectares) of mango orchards in Yongde County (永德县, Yǒngdé Xiàn), Lincang City (临沧市, Líncāng Shì), Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng), are gradually reaching maturity. Farmers and merchants are busy preparing for the festival, and this year’s mango yield is expected to reach 48,000 tons, with a market value of 320 million yuan.
Mango Harvest Season
As the mangoes mature, Yongde County is bustling with harvest activity. In Mengdi Village (勐底村, Mèngdǐ Cūn), located in Yongkang Town (永康镇, Yǒngkāng Zhèn), farmer Li Zaiping (李再培, Lǐ Zàipéi) is leading a team of nine workers in his mango plantation. Local mango buyers have arrived to inspect the fruits and finalize purchases. Li Zaiping reports that after improving the mango varieties, his 200 mu (approximately 13.3 hectares) of land now yields about 300 tons of mangoes annually, generating around 1 million yuan in income.
Busy Mango Purchasing Stations
At the mango purchasing station in Mengdi Village, activities include fruit selection, weighing, packing, and transportation. Buyer Li Xiancheng (李先成, Lǐ Xiānchéng) discusses the quality characteristics of this year’s mango crop with merchants from other regions. He has been buying mangoes for six years and sources fruits from surrounding towns, primarily exporting to Zhejiang (浙江, Zhèjiāng), Guangdong (广东, Guǎngdōng), Sichuan (四川, Sìchuān), and Beijing (北京, Běijīng). The main mango varieties available this year include Yexiang (椰香, Yēxiāng), Dajinhua (大金煌, Dàjīnhuáng), Xiao’ao (小澳, Xiǎo’ào), and Hongguifei (红贵妃, Hóngguìfēi), with expectations to purchase over 1,000 tons.
Mango Production Areas
Yongkang Town and the Mengdi Farm Management Committee are major production areas for mangoes and lychees in Yongde County. The vast orchards filled with mangoes and lychees emit a delightful fragrance, painting a picture of bountiful harvest. Known for their high quality and excellent taste, Yongde mangoes are favored by consumers nationwide. Merchants from various places are busy selecting and ordering fruits, with some, like Sichuan Panzhihua (四川攀枝花, Sìchuān Pānzhīhuā) buyer Fu Yan (付艳, Fù Yàn), visiting Yongde frequently to purchase mangoes. She personally visits the plantations to select the best varieties and signs orders with farmers, making more than ten trips each year.
Mango King Competition
In 2024, the Yongde Mango Cultural Tourism Festival (永德芒果节, Yǒngdé Mángguǒ Jié) will feature the “Mango King” competition and fun eating contests, attracting numerous visitors. At the competition site, large mangoes are displayed, and Li Jianhua (李建华, Lǐ Jiànhuá) from Mengdi Farm showcased his Jinhuang variety, weighing 2.895 kilograms, earning him the title of “Mango King” for the seventh consecutive year. During the event, farmers exchanged growing tips and showcased the superior quality of their mangoes.
Ideal Growing Conditions
Yongde County enjoys a mild climate with ample sunshine, ideal for mango cultivation. Currently, the mango planting area exceeds 50,000 mu, with an estimated production of nearly 50,000 tons and a value exceeding 300 million yuan in 2024. The county leverages its mango industry advantages, utilizing government support, enterprise initiatives, and broad industry participation to promote Yongde’s rich mango cultivation history and the associated mango culture. The 2024 festival, running from July 5 to July 22, aims to highlight the synergy between mangoes, culture, music, and commerce, enhancing the local economy and promoting the “Fruit-Scented Yongde” brand.
How to Get There
To reach Yongde County:
- By Air: Fly to Lincang Airport (临沧机场, Líncāng Jīchǎng) and take a taxi or local bus to Yongde County.
- By Bus: Long-distance buses connect major cities like Kunming (昆明, Kūnmíng) to Yongde County.
- By Car: Drive from Lincang or Kunming to Yongde County via local roads.
Travel Tips
- Best Time to Visit: The mango harvest season in June and July is ideal for experiencing the festival and tasting fresh mangoes.
- Stay Hydrated: Bring plenty of water, especially if visiting during the warmer months.
- Local Delicacies: Don’t miss trying local mango dishes and snacks during your visit.
- Photography: The vibrant mango orchards provide excellent photo opportunities; consider visiting at sunrise or sunset for the best light.
- Respect Local Customs: Engage with local farmers and merchants, and appreciate their hard work in producing this delicious fruit.
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